CN106932648A - Three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage method for self-calibrating based on shunt capacitance - Google Patents

Three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage method for self-calibrating based on shunt capacitance Download PDF

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CN106932648A
CN106932648A CN201710114039.XA CN201710114039A CN106932648A CN 106932648 A CN106932648 A CN 106932648A CN 201710114039 A CN201710114039 A CN 201710114039A CN 106932648 A CN106932648 A CN 106932648A
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phase
electric capacity
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voltage
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CN106932648B (en
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刘亚东
谢潇磊
张烁
李昂
秦雪
盛戈皞
江秀臣
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

Circuit is considered as a bulky capacitor and carries out partial pressure to it by a kind of method for self-calibrating of three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage, utilization space principle of capacitive divider with the earth, using air as dielectric.All kinds of stray capacitances between three-phase line, including the electric capacity caused by insulating barrier, the electric capacity existing for alternate wire etc. are taken into full account, lumped parameter equivalent circuit is set up.In top crown side parallel switched capacitances, change stray capacitance of the top crown to wire by changing its capacitance, different magnitudes of voltage will be measured on sampling capacitance, so as to extrapolate each unknown stray capacitance size and voltage swing to be measured, the self calibration of three-phase line phase voltage is realized.The present invention is applied to the requirement of distribution distributed devices, better than existing voltage measurement scheme.

Description

Three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage method for self-calibrating based on shunt capacitance
Technical field
It is built on stilts the present invention relates to a kind of three-phase based on shunt capacitance being applied in trolley line distributed electrical pressure sensor Transmission line of electricity phase voltage method for self-calibrating.
Background technology
With continuing to develop for China's power industry level, the developing direction that strong intelligent grid turns into following is built. Current China's distribution network line has a large capacity and a wide range line length, and local environment is complicated, fault rate is high, developing low-cost distributed monitoring dress Put, realize to the real time on-line monitoring with Running State with fault location to realizing that it is great that the operation of power distribution network high-efficiency and economic has Meaning.
The accurate measurement of distribution to distribution network overhead line phase voltage is a difficult point.Now widely used voltage sensor Device mainly has electromagnetic potential transformer (referred to as PT), capacitance type potential transformer (referred to as CVT), optical voltage sensor Deng.Optical voltage sensor stability problem is not yet solved, it is necessary to high accuracy processing technology and technique for sticking very well, not yet in electricity Large-scale application is obtained in power transformer.The capacity of conventional electromagnetic voltage transformer is smaller, high cost, insulation system are complicated, There is ferromagnetic resonance phenomenon, have the influence of the factors such as leakage inductance distribution capacity, the demand of nowadays power network is not suitable with gradually.Capacitive battery Pressure transformer is mainly used in more than 330kV power networks, and volume is big, involves great expense, not easy to install, it is impossible to meet low cost distributed The requirement of device.A kind of phase voltage measuring method suitable for distribution distributed devices is hence set up, and three-phase line can be realized The contactless self calibration of phase voltage, the voltage measurement accuracy to improving distributed devices is significant.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of three-phase overhead transmission line suitable for minimizing distributed devices mutually electricity The method for self-calibrating of pressure, overcomes the shortcomings of existing PT, CVT, optical voltage sensor, with high measurement accuracy.
Utilization space principle of capacitive divider of the present invention, voltage two-stage is considered as by transmission line of electricity with the earth, will be with pole up and down The plane-parallel capacitor of plate is placed in one as sampling capacitance, takes into full account all kinds of stray capacitances between three-phase line, including Electric capacity caused by insulating barrier, the electric capacity existing for alternate wire etc., set up lumped parameter equivalent circuit.It is in parallel in top crown side Switching capacity, stray capacitance of the top crown to wire is changed by changing its capacitance, and difference will be measured on sampling capacitance Magnitude of voltage, so as to each unknown stray capacitance size and voltage swing to be measured can be extrapolated.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows：
A kind of three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage method for self-calibrating based on shunt capacitance, its feature is, the method Comprise the following steps：
1) three distributed Voltage sensor surveying units are respectively placed in A, B, C tri- of three-phase overhead transmission line simultaneously Phase, the output end of described distributed Voltage sensor surveying unit is connected with computer, described distributed electrical pressure sensor Measurement apparatus are measured to one group of voltage measuring value UcA、UcB、UcC, and be input into computer and set up corresponding Calibration equation group (6)：
Wherein, C11It is sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity of this phase conductor；C12It is sampling capacitance to adjacent phase conductor electric capacity； C13For between AC phases sampling capacitance to the electric capacity of wire, CgIt is sampling capacitance bottom crown electric capacity over the ground, C is the appearance of sampling capacitance Value；
2) every distributed mutually formula voltage sensor measurement apparatus sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity C11's of this phase conductor Two ends are connected in parallel with a capacitor Ch, then it is equivalent to change C11For C '11=C11+Ch, measure to obtain one group of new voltage measuring value U 'cA, U’cB,U’cC, it is input into computer and sets up another group of Calibration equation (7)：
Wherein, C ' 11 is electric capacity of the equivalent sampling electric capacity top crown after shunt capacitance Ch to this phase conductor；
3) every distributed mutually formula voltage sensor measurement apparatus sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity C11's of this phase conductor Two ends are connected in parallel with a capacitor C againh, i.e., per two electric capacity C of phase device C11 two ends parallel connectionh, C "11=C11+2Ch, measured after parallel connection To the 3rd group of voltage measuring value U "cA,U”cB,U”cC, and be input into computer and set up the 3rd group of Calibration equation (8)：
Wherein, C "11It is the equivalent sampling electric capacity top crown after two electric capacity Ch of parallel connection to the electric capacity of this phase conductor；
4) (6) (7) (8) three groups of solving simultaneous equations are obtained C by computerg、C11、C12、C13、UA、UB、UC, that is, complete three Phase overhead transmission line phase voltage self calibration.
The present invention takes into full account all kinds of stray capacitances between three-phase line as a result of above technical scheme, including Electric capacity caused by insulating barrier, the electric capacity existing for alternate wire etc., set up lumped parameter equivalent circuit.It is in parallel in top crown side Switching capacity, stray capacitance of the top crown to wire is changed by changing its capacitance, will be measured not on sampling capacitance Same magnitude of voltage, so as to each unknown stray capacitance size and voltage swing to be measured can be extrapolated, realizes three-phase line phase voltage Self calibration.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is A phases measurement device equivalent circuit of the invention
Fig. 2 is B phases device of the invention, C phase measurement device equivalent circuits
Fig. 3 is parallel switched capacitances schematic diagram of the invention
Fig. 4 is the Optimization Solution convergence process schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention
Specific embodiment
The present invention is elaborated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but protection model of the invention should not be limited with this Enclose.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are first referred to, Fig. 1 is A phases measurement device equivalent circuit of the invention, and Fig. 2 is B phases of the invention Device, C phase measurement device equivalent circuits, Fig. 3 is parallel switched capacitances schematic diagram of the invention, and as seen from the figure, the present invention is based on The three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage method for self-calibrating of shunt capacitance, the method comprises the following steps：
1) three distributed Voltage sensor surveying units are respectively placed in A, B, C tri- of three-phase overhead transmission line simultaneously Phase, the output end of described distributed Voltage sensor surveying unit is connected with computer, described distributed electrical pressure sensor Measurement apparatus are measured to one group of voltage measuring value UcA、UcB、UcC, and be input into computer and set up corresponding Calibration equation group (6)：
Wherein, C11It is sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity of this phase conductor；C12It is sampling capacitance to adjacent phase conductor electric capacity； C13For between AC phases sampling capacitance to the electric capacity of wire, CgIt is sampling capacitance bottom crown electric capacity over the ground, C is the appearance of sampling capacitance Value；
2) every distributed mutually formula voltage sensor measurement apparatus sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity C of this phase conductor11Two End is connected in parallel with a capacitor Ch, then it is equivalent to change C11For C '11=C11+Ch, measure to obtain one group of new voltage measuring value U 'cA,U’cB, U’cC, it is input into computer and sets up another group of Calibration equation (7)：
3) every distributed mutually formula voltage sensor measurement apparatus sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity C of this phase conductor11Two End is connected in parallel with a capacitor C againh, i.e., per phase device C11Two electric capacity C of two ends parallel connectionh, C "11=C11+2Ch, measured after parallel connection and obtained 3rd group of voltage measuring value U "cA,U”cB,U”cC, and be input into computer and set up the 3rd group of Calibration equation (8)：
4) (6) (7) (8) three groups of solving simultaneous equations are obtained C by computerg、C11、C12、C13、UA、UB、UC, that is, complete three Phase overhead transmission line phase voltage self calibration.
Principle of the invention is as follows：
Due to overhead transmission line for three-phase is arranged, distributed Voltage sensor surveying unit (hereinafter referred to as measurement apparatus) It is that every phase is separately disposed, therefore will be by remaining two-phase line influence per phase measurement apparatus when being measured with space capacitance partial pressure. By taking A phases as an example, its measurement equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure 1.In order to simplify calculating, wherein making following hypothesis：ABC three-phase voltage amplitudes Stablize constant in time of measuring, line conductor specification is identical, and phase spacing is identical, per the sampling capacitance phase of phase measurement apparatus Together, distribution capacity is also identical over the ground.Wherein, C11It is sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity of this phase conductor；C12It is sampling capacitance pair Adjacent phase conductor electric capacity；C13It is electric capacity of the sampling capacitance to wire between AC phases.Similarly, the equivalent circuit of B, C two-phase measurement device Such as Fig. 2
By taking Fig. 1 as an example, make the voltage of node 1 for U, can be obtained by circuit theory：
Consider that sampling capacitance C can choose very big, reach μ F grades, it is believed that CgFor sampling capacitance bottom crown over the ground Electric capacity, then C+Cg≈ C, so
Then the voltage on sampling capacitance C is with the relation of each phase voltage：
Wherein, UA,UB,UCThere is phase difference, it is assumed that it is 120 ° that phase difference is permanent between three-phase, then
UA=UA sin(ωt)UB=UB sin(ωt+240°)UC=UC sin(ωt+120°)
Substituting into above formula, and carry out sinusoidal expansion to obtain：
Consider that calibration only need to calibrate amplitude or virtual value, then sinusoidal quantity can be omitted in above formula, retain amplitude, can obtain：
This is the fundamental equation of calibration institute foundation, and BC two-phases equivalent circuit can be similar to equation in being substituted into Fig. 2, therefore Being extended to three-phase, can to obtain Calibration equation as follows：
Wherein, C11It is sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity of this phase conductor, is mainly caused by insulating barrier, C12It is sampling electricity Hold to adjacent phase conductor electric capacity, C13For sampling capacitance, to the electric capacity of wire, is mainly caused by air and insulating barrier between AC phases；UA, UB,UCIt is three-phase voltage amplitude；CgIt is sampling capacitance distribution capacity over the ground.7 amounts of the above are tried to achieve for unknown quantity, it is necessary to calibrate. C is the capacitance of sampling capacitance, is known quantity.UcA、UcB、UcCVoltage magnitude respectively is obtained measured by three-phase installation sampling capacitance, It is known quantity.
A kind of three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage method for self-calibrating, its feature is as follows：
Calibration process 7 unknown numerical quantities of common demand, therefore required Calibration equation number should at least 7, according to equation group (6) The Calibration equation number of middle gained is very few, need to increase equation number.By the structure of analysis equation group (6) it may be concluded that changing The value size of the capacitance known quantity C of sampling capacitance can not increase new effective equation number, need to change the size ability of unknown quantity Increase new effective equation.According to above thinking, using shunt capacitance method, to C11Switching capacity known in parallel one, thus increase New effective equation.Its schematic diagram such as Fig. 3, in Fig. 3, in the switching capacity of the top crown side parallel connection known dimensions of sampling capacitance, So as to change original C11, increased new effective equation.Can specifically realize as follows：
It is step 1, not in parallel, obtain one group of measured value UcA,UcB,UcC, this correspondence Calibration equation is (6)；
Step 2, the two ends of every phase device C11 are connected in parallel with a capacitor Ch, then it is equivalent to change C11For：C′11=C11+Ch, string One group of new measured value U ' can be obtained after connectioncA,U’cB,U’cC, Calibration equation (7) newly can be obtained in substitution equation (6)：
Step 3, the two electric capacity C of two ends parallel connection per phase device C11h, C "11=C11+2Ch, can be obtained after parallel connection one group it is new Measured value U "cA,U”cB,U”cC, Calibration equation (8) newly can be obtained in substitution equation (6)：
Therefore, (8) three groups of (6) (7) totally 9 equations can be obtained, wherein 7 unknown quantitys, need to only be solved by mathematical algorithm Out complete calibration.
It is checking effectiveness of the invention, simulation model, three-phase measurement apparatus peace has been built in software according to the present invention Loaded on horizontally arranged three-phase line, line voltage distribution grade is 10kv.By known parameters by following value setting：
UcA=10.11 × 10-5kv UcB=10.12 × 10-5kv UcC=10.13 × 10-5kv
U′cA=10.14 × 10-5kv U′cB=10.15 × 10-5kv U′cC=10.16 × 10-5kv
U″cA=10.17 × 10-5kv U″cB=10.18 × 10-5kv U″cC=10.19 × 10-5kv
C=100000pF=0.1 μ F
Ch=10pF
Using 9 Calibration equations of PSO PSO Algorithms.Addition PSOt tool boxes, call pso_Trelea_ Vectorized majorized functions, number of parameters is set as n=7, and maximum particle rapidity takes the 10% of parameter variation range：Max_V =0.1* (range (:,2)-range(:,1))
Optimum results such as following table：
Unknown parameter Numerical value
Cg 0.653719923158255pF
C11 19.78549600195538pF
C12 13.147895102110086pF
C13 11.786300773633149pF
UA 7.885691037742135kV
UB 8.291756019856758kV
UC 8.138569781222148kV
Object function convergence process is as shown in figure 4, solution procedure energy Fast Convergent.
In sum, method for self-calibrating of the present invention can accurately solve unknown capacitance parameter and line voltage distribution, realize three-phase The self calibration of circuit phase voltage, effectively improves certainty of measurement.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage method for self-calibrating based on shunt capacitance, it is characterised in that the method bag Include the following steps：
1) three distributed Voltage sensor surveying units are respectively placed in A, B, C three-phase of three-phase overhead transmission line simultaneously, The output end of described distributed Voltage sensor surveying unit is connected with background computer, described distributed electrical pressure sensor Measurement apparatus are measured to one group of voltage measuring value UcA、UcB、UcC, and be input into computer and set up corresponding first group of Calibration equation group (6)：
( C g C 11 U A - C g C 12 U B C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U B - C g C 13 U C C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 13 U C - C g C 11 U A C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c A 2 ( C g C 12 U A - C g C 11 U B C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 12 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 11 U B - C g C 12 U C C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U C - C g C 12 U A C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 12 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c B 2 ( C g C 13 U A - C g C 12 U B C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U B - C g C 11 U C C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 11 U C - C g C 13 U A C ( C 11 + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c C 2 - - - ( 6 )
Wherein, C11It is sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity of this phase conductor；C12It is sampling capacitance to adjacent phase conductor electric capacity；C13For Sampling capacitance is to the electric capacity of wire, C between AC phasesgIt is sampling capacitance bottom crown electric capacity over the ground, C is the capacitance of sampling capacitance；
2) every distributed mutually formula voltage sensor measurement apparatus sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity C of this phase conductor11Two ends are simultaneously One electric capacity C of connectionh, then it is equivalent to change C11It is C1′1=C11+Ch, measure and obtain one group of new voltage measuring value U 'cA,U’cB, U’cC, it is input into computer and sets up second group of Calibration equation (7)：
( C g C 11 ′ U A - C g C 12 U B C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U B - C g C 13 U C C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 13 U C - C g C 11 ′ U A C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c A ′ 2 ( C g C 12 U A - C g C 11 ′ U B C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 12 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 11 ′ U B - C g C 12 U C C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U C - C g C 12 U A C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 12 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c B ′ ′ 2 ( C g C 13 U A - C g C 12 U B C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U B - C g C 11 ′ U C C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 11 ′ U C - C g C 13 U A C ( C 11 ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c C ′ 2 - - - ( 7 )
Wherein, C '11It is the equivalent sampling electric capacity top crown after shunt capacitance Ch to the electric capacity of this phase conductor；
3) every distributed mutually formula voltage sensor measurement apparatus sampling capacitance top crown to the electric capacity C of this phase conductor11Two ends exist Step 2) on the basis of be connected in parallel with a capacitor C againh, i.e., per phase device C11Two electric capacity C of two ends parallel connectionh, C1″1=C11+2Ch, and Measurement obtains the 3rd group of voltage measuring value U after connection "cA,U”cB,U”cC, and be input into computer and set up the 3rd group of Calibration equation (8)：
( C g C 11 ′ ′ U A - C g C 12 U B C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U B - C g C 13 U C C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 13 U C - C g C 11 ′ ′ U A C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c A ′ ′ 2 ( C g C 12 U A - C g C 11 ′ ′ U B C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 12 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 11 ′ ′ U B - C g C 12 U C C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U C - C g C 12 U A C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 12 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c B ′ ′ 2 ( C g C 13 U A - C g C 12 U B C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 12 U B - C g C 11 ′ ′ U C C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 + ( C g C 11 ′ ′ U C - C g C 13 U A C ( C 11 ′ ′ + C 12 + C 13 + C g ) ) 2 = 2 U c C ′ ′ 2 - - - ( 8 )
Wherein, C "11It is the equivalent sampling electric capacity top crown after two electric capacity Ch of parallel connection to the electric capacity of this phase conductor；
4) computer is square by first group of Calibration equation group (6), second group of Calibration equation group (7) and the 3rd group of Calibration equation group (8) Cheng Lianli is solved using optimized algorithm, obtains Cg、C11、C12、C13、UA、UB、UC, that is, complete three-phase overhead transmission line phase voltage Self calibration.
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