CN106932082A - A kind of integral type vibrating sensor and its measuring method for survey engineering explosion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of integral type vibrating sensor and its measuring method for survey engineering explosion, for Blasting In Geotechnical, the vibration monitoring of ground and other impacted buildings in the blasting engineering such as demolition blasting.In the cavity of axis Yu the normal position of ground level, along the direction of X, Y, Z tri-, magneto-electric sensing element is set, mutual coupling factor is set to be decreased to acceptable level through special shielding construction, recover and data record through zero pole point compensation, time limit, can exactly detect three-component level of vibration in various engineering explosions.This method have site operation it is easy, without external cable, data accurately and reliably, the characteristics of Hz-KHz is wide, the vibration in three directions can be simultaneously measured in single-point.

Description

A kind of integral type vibrating sensor and its measuring method for survey engineering explosion

Technical field

It is to be related to one kind to be used for specifically the invention belongs to the sensor on vibration measurement in field of measuring technique Magnetic field mutual coupling factor is decreased to connect between the integral type vibrating sensor and measuring method of survey engineering explosion, the sensor By level；Zero pole point is compensated by dynamic correction compensation technique, the time limit recovers and data record is so as to truely and accurately Measuring point three-component vibration level in record engineering explosion.

Background technology

At present to engineering explosion vibration measurement, it is common to use be discrete arrangement polarimetric element, by centralization collection be System data acquisition.The characteristics of counting many, collection real-time is good with measurement, but due to excessive cable arrangement, vibration measuring The defect such as the inconsistency of element characteristic, Hz-KHz are narrow, crash rate is high, limits its range of application.

The content of the invention

The invention aims to overcome deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of one for survey engineering explosion Formula vibrating sensor and its measuring method, the sensor Hz-KHz are wide, are 1Hz-500Hz；Sensing element is with collector integrally Change encapsulation, realize real-time, automatic, wireless collection；Sensor external diameter 49mm, of length no more than 30cm, can be conveniently in demolition site Installed using 50mm bit bores, can both measure the indeed vibrations of rock mass, sensor can be avoided to be broken failure by slungshot again.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：

A kind of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion, including housing, are provided with X vibration sensings unit in housing Part, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z vibration sensitive elements, the X vibration sensitive elements are vertically placed, and the Y vibration sensitive elements are horizontal To the top for being placed on X vibration sensitive elements, the Z vibration sensitive elements lateral cross is arranged at the upper of Y vibration sensitive elements Side；The inside of X vibration sensitive elements, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z vibration sensitive elements is by a spring, mass and one The single-mode system of the part of damper three composition is constituted.

The sensor external diameter is 49mm, length≤30cm.

The enclosure interior is provided with the spacing hole for placing the X vibration sensitive elements position.

A kind of measuring method of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion, comprises the following steps：

(1) transmission function to vibration sensitive element is compensated by the compensation network of zero pole point；

(2) time limit recovery is carried out to signal by processor；

(3) in the data write-in storage medium after the time limit is recovered.

Signal time limit recovery process is as follows：The electric signal exported after compensation, gathers to processor, place by A/D converter Reason device carries out Fourier's calculating to the electric signal after known amplitude versus frequency characte, the compensation output of phase-frequency characteristic, and its amplitude spectrum is sought respectively And phase spectrum；Expected amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic are carried out into three hermite interpolation and obtains pre- calibration characteristic after interpolation；Root Amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum are compensated according to pre- calibration characteristic result, amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum after being compensated；After compensation Amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum carry out the signal value after inverse Fourier's change is compensated.

The process for transferring function by compensation to vibration sensitive element is as follows：

The equation of motion of single-mode system is：mx″₀+b(x′₁-x′₀)+k(x₁-x₀)=F (t) (1)

In formula：M-mass quality；x₀The displacement of-mass；x₁- housing (coil) displacement；x₀'-mass speed； x₁'-housing (coil) speed；B-damper damped coefficient；K-device of spring stiffness coefficient；x₀"-mass acceleration；F(t)— External force suffered by mass；

During F (t)=0, definitionx_r=x₁-x₀

Wherein, ω₀- self-vibration angular frequency；ξ₀- system damping ratio；x_rThe relative displacement of-mass and housing

Bring into formula (1), obtained through Laplace transformation：

Its transmission function is：

In above formula, k is defined₀It is the sensitivity coefficient of sensing element；

The biography of the three-component X vibration sensitive elements of X, Y, Z axis, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z vibration sensitive elements is represented respectively Delivery function is：

To improve frequency characteristic, zero pole point compensation tache is added, its transmission function is：

The transmission function of inertial oscillation sensing element is multiplied with compensation tache transmission function, is obtained：

After the output of the three-component X vibration sensitive elements of X, Y, Z, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z vibration sensitive elements is compensated Transmission function be：

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that technical scheme is brought is：

The invention is integral type vibrating sensor, and pick-up unit, transmission unit and collecting unit are become one, and root According to on-site actual situations, sensor build is compact firm, easy for installation, and sensor accuracy, the scope of application and durability are superior to Existing product, for live Analysis on Blasting Vibration provides true and reliable initial data, promotes the development of the subject.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the three dimensional structure diagram of vibrating sensor of the present invention.

Fig. 2-1 and 2-2 are respectively the internal structure and its mechanical model of vibration sensitive element.

Fig. 3-1 and Fig. 3-2 is the section view dimensional structure schematic diagram of housing parts.

Fig. 4 is compensation tache block diagram.

Fig. 5 is the FB(flow block) of vibration measurement method.

Fig. 6 is compensation tache circuit theory diagrams.

Specific embodiment

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：

A kind of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion, including housing, Fig. 3-1 and Fig. 3-2 tear open respectively The section view dimensional structure schematic diagram of two section housings after being divided to, is provided with X vibration sensitive elements, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z and shakes in housing Dynamic sensing element, X vibration sensitive elements are vertically placed, and Y vibration sensitive elements are placed across the top of X vibration sensitive elements, Z Vibration sensitive element lateral cross is arranged at the top of Y vibration sensitive elements.

The internal structure and mechanical model of each sensing element respectively as shown in Fig. 2-1 and Fig. 2-2, in each sensing element It is the spring of k that portion can regard as by a coefficient of elasticity, quality for the mass of m and part of damper b tri- composition it is single from By degree system, its equation of motion can be written as：

mx″₀+b(x′₁-x'₀)+k(x₁-x₀)=F (t) (1)

In formula：M-mass quality；x₀The displacement of-mass；x₁- housing (coil) displacement；x₀'-mass speed； x₁'-housing (coil) speed；B-damper damped coefficient；K-device of spring stiffness coefficient；x₀"-mass acceleration；F(t)— External force suffered by mass；

During F (t)=0, definitionx_r=x₁-x₀

Wherein, ω₀- self-vibration angular frequency；ξ₀- system damping ratio；x_rThe relative displacement of-mass and shell (coil)

Bring into equation (1), obtained through Laplace transformation：

Its transmission function is：

In above formula, k is defined₀It is the sensitivity coefficient of sensing element.

Three sensing element normal direction arrangements, the radome circular with cover being made using 4J29 iron-nickel alloys, by three vibrations Sensing element carries out magnetic screen, and said apparatus are loaded in a kind of external diameter no more than hydrostatic column of 50mm, and to shell body Good earth is carried out, reduces the interference of the mutual lotus root in magnetic field and external electromagnetic ripple, as shown in Figure 1.

The three-component sensing element transmission functions of XYZ are：

To improve frequency characteristic, the zero pole point compensation tache as shown in Figure of description four is added, its transmission function is：

Vibration sensitive element transmission function is multiplied with compensation tache transmission function, can be obtained：

Angular frequency after compensation₁With damping ratio ξ₁Can be obtained by practical measurement requirement.

Transmission function after the output of XYZ three-component vibration sensitive elements is compensated is：

Compensation tache block diagram as shown in figure 4, carry out the recovery of signal time limit, process is as follows afterwards：The telecommunications exported after compensation Number, gathered to digital display circuit with certain frequency acquisition by A/D converter, to known amplitude versus frequency characte, the benefit of phase-frequency characteristic Vibration signal output after repaying carries out fast Fourier calculating, and its amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum are asked respectively.By expected amplitude-frequency phase frequency Characteristic carries out three hermite interpolation and obtains pre- calibration characteristic after interpolation.Width phase spectrum is compensated according to pre- calibration result, is obtained Width phase spectrum after to compensation, the signal value after inverse Fourier's change is compensated is carried out to the width phase spectrum after compensation.It is by record System preserves into storage medium final signal value and temporal information.

The FB(flow block) of vibration measurement method is as shown in Figure 5.

Vibration sensitive element uses LBGT-4.5 type inertia-type moving-coil vibration pickups in the present embodiment, and its vibration performance frequency is 4.5Hz (± 10%)；

During specific implementation, level of the depth not less than 30cm or vertical drilling are bored at measuring point using the drill bits of Φ 50.Will Drilling is asked to be not more than 1.5 degree with horizontal line or the plumb line angle of cut.Sensor is loaded the interior lime of drilling by drilling after cleaning out Powder adds water and suitably fixed, and opening sensing switch can carry out blasting vibration measurement.Test terminate after, can by sensor from Taken out in drilling, gathered data is transferred to treatment is analyzed in computer, closure sensor switch can be used for follow-up after charging Vibration-testing.

Compensation tache circuit theory diagrams as shown in fig. 6, all amplifiers are precision operational-amplifier OP177 in figure, its benefit Repaying rear transmission function needs to be debugged with the method for modification related resistors, is matched with each vibration pickup；Compensation tache output Signal is gathered to digital signal processor TMS320F2812 through ADS1206 converters with the sample rate of 2ks/s,

The voltage that vibration sensitive element is produced enters compensation tache SEN_IN ends, is constituted with R8, R11, R9, R14, C6, U1A Integral element connection, R3 is zero-regulator resistor, then by C5, R6, R12 constitute high-pass filter enter by R13, R5, R7 The reverse scaling circuit constituted with U2A.R7 left ends are connected with R34 left ends, by reversely it is scaling after signal input extremely In compensation network,；Compensation network by R19, C7, R25, U3A, R20, R22, U3B, R29, R33, R34, R35, U3C, R30, U3D, C10, R28, R36 are constituted.R7, R16+R17, R31+R32 right-hand member enter the scaling link of integration being made up of U1B, R27, C9, Then the high-pass filter by being made up of C8, R26 is input into buffer U5, by output protection network R21, R24, R18 Output.

The present invention is not limited to embodiments described above.Description to specific embodiment above is intended to describe and says Bright technical scheme, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematical, is not restricted.This is not being departed from In the case of invention objective and scope of the claimed protection, one of ordinary skill in the art may be used also under enlightenment of the invention The specific conversion of many forms is made, these are belonged within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion, including housing, it is characterised in that X is provided with housing Vibration sensitive element, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z vibration sensitive elements, the X vibration sensitive elements are vertically placed, the Y vibrations Sensing element is placed across the top of X vibration sensitive elements, and it is quick that the Z vibration sensitive elements lateral cross is arranged at Y vibrations The top of sensing unit；The inside of X vibration sensitive elements, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z vibration sensitive elements is by spring, a matter The single-mode system of gauge block and the part of damper three composition is constituted.

2. a kind of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Sensor external diameter is 49mm, length≤30cm.

3. a kind of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Enclosure interior is provided with the spacing hole for placing the X vibration sensitive elements position.

4. the measuring method of a kind of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, comprise the following steps：

(1) transmission function to vibration sensitive element is compensated by the compensation network of zero pole point；

(2) time limit recovery is carried out to signal by processor；

(3) in the data write-in storage medium after the time limit is recovered.

5. the measuring method of a kind of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, signal time limit recovery process is as follows：The electric signal exported after compensation, gathers to processor, treatment by A/D converter Device to known amplitude versus frequency characte, phase-frequency characteristic compensation output after electric signal carry out Fourier's calculating, ask respectively its amplitude spectrum and Phase spectrum；Expected amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic are carried out into three hermite interpolation and obtains pre- calibration characteristic after interpolation；According to Pre- calibration characteristic result is compensated to amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum, amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum after being compensated；After compensation Amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum carry out the signal value after inverse Fourier's change is compensated.

6. the measuring method of a kind of integral type vibrating sensor for survey engineering explosion according to claim 4, it is special Levy and be, the process for transferring function by compensation to vibration sensitive element is as follows：

The equation of motion of single-mode system is：

mx″₀+b(x′₀-x′₀)+k(x₁-x₀)=F (t) (1)

In formula：M-mass quality；x₀The displacement of-mass；x₁- housing (coil) displacement；x₀'-mass speed；x₁’— Housing (coil) speed；B-damper damped coefficient；K-device of spring stiffness coefficient；x₀"-mass acceleration；F (t)-quality External force suffered by block；

During F (t)=0, definitionx_r=x₁-x₀

Wherein, ω₀- self-vibration angular frequency；ξ₀- system damping ratio；x_rThe relative displacement of-mass and housing

Bring into formula (1), obtained through Laplace transformation：

$H\left(s\right)=-\frac{s^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_0{\mathrm{\ω}}_{0}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_0^2}$

Its transmission function is：

$G\left(s\right)=-\frac{k_0{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_0{\mathrm{\ω}}_{0}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_0^2}$

In above formula, k is defined₀It is the sensitivity coefficient of sensing element；

The transmission letter of the three-component X vibration sensitive elements of X, Y, Z axis, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z vibration sensitive elements is represented respectively Number is：

$G_X\left(s\right)=-\frac{k_x{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_x{\mathrm{\ω}}_{x}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_x^2}$

$G_Y\left(s\right)=-\frac{k_y{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_y{\mathrm{\ω}}_{y}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_y^2}$

$G_Z\left(s\right)=-\frac{k_z{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_z{\mathrm{\ω}}_{z}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_z^2}$

To improve frequency characteristic, zero pole point compensation tache is added, its transmission function is：

$C\left(s\right)=\frac{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_0{\mathrm{\ω}}_{0}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_0^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_1{\mathrm{\ω}}_{1}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_1^2}$

The transmission function of inertial oscillation sensing element is multiplied with compensation tache transmission function, is obtained：

$G_1\left(s\right)=-\frac{k_0{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_0{\mathrm{\ω}}_{0}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_0^2}\·\frac{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_0{\mathrm{\ω}}_{0}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_0^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_1{\mathrm{\ω}}_{1}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_1^2}=-\frac{k_0{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_1{\mathrm{\ω}}_{1}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_1^2}$

Biography after the output of the three-component X vibration sensitive elements of X, Y, Z, Y vibration sensitive elements and Z vibration sensitive elements is compensated Delivery function is：

$G_X\left(s\right)=-\frac{k_x{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_{x_1}{\mathrm{\ω}}_{x_1}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_{x_1}^2}$

$G_Y\left(s\right)=-\frac{k_y{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_{y_1}{\mathrm{\ω}}_{y_1}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_{y_1}^2}$

$G_Z\left(s\right)=-\frac{k_z{s}^2}{s^2+2{\mathrm{\ξ}}_{z_1}{\mathrm{\ω}}_{z_1}s+{\mathrm{\ω}}_{z_1}^2}.$