CN106930722B - The permanent shut-in well method of the natural gas well - Google Patents
The permanent shut-in well method of the natural gas well Download PDFInfo
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- CN106930722B CN106930722B CN201511029917.5A CN201511029917A CN106930722B CN 106930722 B CN106930722 B CN 106930722B CN 201511029917 A CN201511029917 A CN 201511029917A CN 106930722 B CN106930722 B CN 106930722B
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- 239000002343 natural gas well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N Nitrovin Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)OC=1\C=C\C(=NNC(=N)N)\C=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of permanent shut-in well methods of natural gas well, belong to natural gas well workover technology field.The shut-in well method includes: to block to the payzone of the natural gas well；If there are risk well sections for the natural gas well, the risk well section is blocked, wherein the risk well section includes: at least one of tail tube hanging well section, corrosion and damage well section, most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section and interannular well section with pressure.The present invention can permanently shunt in a well for the progress with various types of payzone and the natural gas well of risk well section.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to natural gas well workover technology field, in particular to the permanent shut-in well method of a kind of natural gas well.
Background technique
In the probing development process of the natural gas well, there are many well because no extraction value or exploited exhaustion due to cause to give up
It abandons, these discarded natural gas wells because shelve and payzone is unclosed for a long time, and there is very big security risks.In order to avoid useless
There is security risk in well, and the measure permanently shunt in a well often is taken to close disused well.However, due to the earth formation in the natural gas well
It is complicated, layer number it is more, not only make the type of payzone be not easy to determine, it is also quite conceivable to there are various risk well sections, so
There is very big difficulty in permanent shut-in well, it is now desired to it is a kind of can be for various types of payzone and risk well section
The permanent shut-in well method of the natural gas well.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that the natural gas well leads to performance difficulty of permanently shunting in a well because payzone and risk section type are more, this
Inventive embodiments provide a kind of permanent shut-in well method of natural gas well.The technical solution is as follows:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of permanent shut-in well method of natural gas well, the shut-in well method includes:
The payzone of the natural gas well is blocked；
If there are risk well sections for the natural gas well, the risk well section is blocked, wherein the risk well
Section includes: at least one in tail tube hanging well section, corrosion and damage well section, most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section and interannular well section with pressure
Kind.
Further, before the payzone to the natural gas well blocks, the method also includes: inspection shaft
Whether mouth device is intact, if the wellhead assembly is incomplete damaged, the wellhead assembly is repaired and is rectified and improved.
Further, the payzone to the natural gas well blocks, comprising: when the payzone is conventional payzone
When, the payzone is blocked according to conventional plugging method, the routine plugging method includes that cement slurry injection is located at the production
In the pit shaft of layer, cement slurry is set to form the first cement plug by the Hou Ning technology that builds the pressure, the length of first cement plug is at least
150m, and the top surface of first cement plug is higher than the top surface at least 50m of the payzone.
Further, the payzone to the natural gas well blocks, further includes: when the payzone there are it is high-risk,
When high pressure, high sulfur-bearing well section, after being blocked with the conventional plugging method to the payzone, it is also necessary in the institute blocked
Setting bridge plug above payzone is stated, and injects cement slurry into the pit shaft being located above the bridge plug, to form the second cement
Plug, the length of second cement plug are at least 150m.
Further, the payzone to the natural gas well blocks, further includes: when the payzone is low pressure, height
When leaking payzone, injected in the setting bridge plug in the top of the payzone, and into the pit shaft being located above the bridge plug
Cement slurry, to form the second cement plug.
Further, the payzone to the natural gas well blocks, further includes: when the payzone includes multiple lists
When gas-bearing formation, each list gas-bearing formation is blocked from the bottom to top using cement retainer.
Further, described that the risk well section is blocked, comprising: when the risk well section is the corrosion and damage
When well section, cement slurry is injected in Xiang Suoshu corrosion and damage well section, to form the first cement cap, first cement cap
Top surface be higher than the top surface at least 50m of the corrosion and damage well section, the bottom surface of first cement cap is lower than the corrosion
Damage the bottom surface at least 50m of well section.
Further, described that the risk well section is blocked, further includes: when the risk well section is the most shallow oil
When gas display layer well section, Xiang Suoshu most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section injects cement slurry, to form the second cement cap, described the
The top surface of two cement caps is higher than the top at least 150m of most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section.
Further, described that the risk well section is blocked, further includes: when the risk well section is outstanding for the tail pipe
When hanging well section, Xiang Suoshu tail tube hanging well section injects cement slurry, to form third cement cap, the third cement cap
Top surface be higher than the top at least 50m of the tail tube hanging well section, the bottom surface of the third cement cap is lower than the tail pipe
Hang the bottom at least 50m of well section.
Further, described that the risk well section is blocked, further includes: using interannular band kill-job described in circulation normal direction
Section remedial cementing slurry, and the 4th cement cap is formed in the pit shaft, the length of the 4th cement cap is greater than
150m。
Technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention has the benefit that
It is split as the closure of payzone and the closure of risk well section by the way that the natural gas well will be blocked, and risk well section is further
Be divided into tail tube hanging well section, corrosion and damage well section, most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section and interannular well section with pressure, first to natural gas
The payzone of well is blocked, and then judges the type of risk well section, is blocked for different types to risk well section, thus
The permanent method for blocking of complete set is devised for the natural gas well, and since the detail fractionation of process will be blocked for payzone envelope
Stifled and risk section blocks two parts, so the embodiment of the present invention can be for various types of payzone and risk well
The progress of the natural gas well of section is permanently shunt in a well.
Detailed description of the invention
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of shut-in well method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the estimation flow schematic diagram of the natural gas well provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the closure schematic diagram of payzone well section provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the closure schematic diagram of corrosion and damage well section provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the closure schematic diagram of most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the closure schematic diagram of interannular provided in an embodiment of the present invention well section with pressure；
Fig. 7 is closure schematic diagram of the interannular provided in an embodiment of the present invention without kill-job section；
Fig. 8 is the closure schematic diagram of tail tube hanging well section provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Each symbol indicates that meaning is as follows in figure:
1- payzone, 2- pit shaft, the first cement plug of 3-, 4- bridge plug, the second cement plug of 5-, the good well section of 6- cementing quality, 7-
First cement cap, the second cement cap of 71-, 72- third cement cap, the 4th cement cap of 73-, 8- corrosion damage
Bad well section, the most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section of 9-, 10- tail tube hanging well section, the gap 11-.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
Embodiment
The permanent shut-in well method of a kind of natural gas well provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the shut-in well method packet
It includes:
Step 101: the payzone of the natural gas well is blocked.
Step 102: if there are risk well sections for the natural gas well, risk well section being blocked, risk well section packet
It includes: at least one of tail tube hanging well section, corrosion and damage well section, most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section and interannular well section with pressure.
The present embodiment is split as the closure of payzone and the closure of risk well section by that will block the natural gas well, and by risk well
Section is further divided into tail tube hanging well section, corrosion and damage well section, most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section and interannular well section with pressure, first
The payzone of the natural gas well is blocked, then judges the type of risk well section, risk well section is carried out for different types
It blocks, to devise the permanent method for blocking of complete set for the natural gas well, and since the detail fractionation of process will be blocked
Two parts are blocked with risk section in order to which payzone is blocked, so the embodiment of the present invention can be for various types of production
The progress of layer and the natural gas well of risk well section is permanently shunt in a well.
It referring to fig. 2, in embodiments of the present invention, further include natural to this before the payzone to the natural gas well blocks
The assessment of gas well, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 201: whether place meets around the condition and well head of capping operation with the presence or absence of work around assessment well head
Industry risk.
Wherein, the condition of capping operation may include working space, periphery traffic condition, nearby residents living environment etc.,
Such as whether assessment working space is enough to place operation equipment, whether periphery traffic can satisfy operation equipment conveying extremely
Whether working space, nearby residents need evacuation etc..It should be noted that in other embodiments, the condition of capping operation is not
It is only limitted to the example above, other operating conditions can also be formulated according to actual needs, the present invention is without limitation.
Assessment to operating risk may include checking whether wellhead equipment is intact, determines whether hazardous gas exudation and expands
Scattered possibility is repaired wellhead equipment and is rectified and improved if wellhead equipment has incompleteness and is crushed, until excluding wellhead equipment
Reveal the possibility of hazardous gas.
Step 202: checking cementing quality, and the corrosion condition of pit shaft is checked, to obtain the good well of cementing quality
The position of the well section of the position and pit shaft seriously corroded of section.
When realization, pit shaft can be detected using acoustic amplitude logger, to judge the good well section of cementing quality
Position and pit shaft seriously corroded well section position.It should be noted that in other embodiments, its other party can also be used
Method checks cementing quality, such as acoustic variable density log, and the present invention is without limitation.
Step 203: checking that payzone whether there is high-risk, high pressure, high sulfur-bearing well section.
When realization, the bottom pressure provided using geological design predicts wellhead shut-in pressure, if wellhead shut-in pressure as foundation
Power is greater than 35MPa, then the well is high-pressure well；Hydrogen sulfide content in the well formation gas is detected, if content is higher than 30g/m3,
Then the well is high sour well；Whether have within the scope of 500m around observation well head village, school, factory, etc. personnel gather place, such as
Fruit has then for high-risk well.
In embodiments of the present invention, it before blocking the natural gas well, also needs to carry out the pit shaft of the natural gas well clear
Reason, the cleaning depth of pit shaft is up to the top of gas-bearing formation, to ensure the closure validity of payzone, to improve the quality of closure.
It, can be by boring the tamper in grinder tool cleaning pit shaft, it should be noted that avoiding damaging in scale removal process when realization
Hurt pit shaft.
The various Different Results assessed below with reference to the natural gas well carry out the method for blocking of the payzone of the natural gas well
It is further illustrated.
Fig. 3 is the closure schematic diagram of payzone well section, as shown in figure 3, when payzone is conventional payzone, according to conventional plugging method
Payzone is blocked, conventional plugging method includes that cement slurry injection is located in the pit shaft 2 of payzone 1, passes through the Hou Ning technology that builds the pressure
Cement slurry is set to form the first cement plug 3, the length of the first cement plug 3 is at least 150m, and the top surface of the first cement plug 3 is higher than production
The top surface at least 50m of layer 1.
It should be noted that conventional payzone refers to payzone that is general and not including special circumstances, such as conventional payzone
It does not include " payzone includes high-risk, high pressure, high sulfur-bearing well section " described below, " payzone is low pressure, high leakage payzone ", " payzone
Including multiple single gas-bearing formations " etc. special circumstances.
Further, when payzone is there are when high-risk, high pressure, high sulfur-bearing well section, payzone 1 is being sealed with conventional plugging method
After stifled, it is also necessary to the setting bridge plug 4 above the payzone blocked, and cement is injected into the pit shaft 2 for being located at 4 top of bridge plug
Slurry, to form the second cement plug 5, the length of the second cement plug 5 is at least 150m.Preferably, bridge plug 4 is arranged in cementing quality
Good well section 6, to avoid sand bridge is generated.
Further, when payzone is low pressure, high leakage payzone, in the setting bridge plug 4 in the top of payzone, and to positioned at bridge plug
Cement slurry is injected in the pit shaft 2 of 4 tops, to form the second cement plug 5.Lead to cement slurry so as to avoid because of payzone hypotony
The problem of cement plug 5 can not be formed well.
Further, when interval when payzone includes multiple single gas-bearing formations, and between multiple single gas-bearing formations and larger physical difference,
Each list gas-bearing formation is blocked from the bottom to top using cement retainer, so that only needing to transfer a tubing string
It realizes the layering of gas-bearing formation and blocks work, improve work efficiency, and due to having used cement retainer, so avoiding note
High pressure when entering cement slurry impacts other single gas-bearing formations, improves the safety of closure.
The various Different Results assessed below with reference to the natural gas well, to the method for blocking of the risk layer of the natural gas well into
Row is further illustrated.
Fig. 4 is the closure schematic diagram of corrosion and damage well section, as shown in figure 4, when risk well section is corrosion and damage well section, to
Cement slurry is injected in corrosion and damage well section, to form the first cement cap 7, the top surface of the first cement cap 7 is higher than corrosion
The top surface at least 50m of well section 8 is damaged, the bottom surface of the first cement cap 7 is lower than the bottom surface at least 50m of corrosion and damage well section 8.
When realization, since when infusing cement cap, cement plug is easy to settle downwards, so before cementing plug,
It needs to pad in pit shaft 2 and sets high viscous drilling fluid or viscous spacer, to slow down the speed of cement plug sinking.
Fig. 5 is the closure schematic diagram of most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section, as shown in figure 5, when there are multiple oil gas for the natural gas well
When display layer, cement slurry is injected to most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section 9, to form the second cement cap 71, the second hanging cement
The top surface of plug 71 is higher than the top at least 150m of most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section 9, so as to avoid most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section 9
Fresh water aquifer is impacted.
Further, when the natural gas well is cemented the well, in order to save cement slurry materials, it is possible to cement slurry be caused to return in interannular
It is high not enough, so that the interannular in most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section produces gap 11, after natural gas seals in gap 11, and then make
Gap 11 it is with pressure, there are some potential safety problemss.It, can be to most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section in order to judge whether interannular is with pressure
Perforating application is carried out, if interannular is with pressure, is starched using circulation normal direction interannular well section remedial cementing with pressure, and the shape in pit shaft 2
At the 4th cement cap 73, the length of the 4th cement cap 72 is greater than 150m (being detailed in Fig. 6)；If interannular is not with pressure,
The 4th cement cap 73 need to be only formed in pit shaft 2, the length of the 4th cement cap 72 is greater than 150m (being detailed in Fig. 7).
Fig. 8 is the closure schematic diagram of tail tube hanging well section, as shown in figure 8, when the natural gas well is tail tube hanging well, to tail
Pipe hangs well section 10 and injects cement slurry, and to form third cement cap 72, the top surface of third cement cap 72 is higher than tail pipe
The top at least 50m of well section is hung, the bottom surface of third cement cap 72 is lower than the bottom at least 50m of tail tube hanging well section.
In embodiments of the present invention, after the closure for completing payzone and risk layer, also wellhead equipment need to be installed in well head,
In order to the closure situation of the later period monitoring natural gas well；If well head needs second ploughing, well head is closed, cuts off the well positioned at well head
Cylinder, and cover board is set on well head；If well head is located at sill may, need to remove former wellhead assembly, and close well head with blind plate,
It finally reuses clump and blocks entire well head.
Further, regular visit system is established, with the closure situation of the long term monitoring natural gas well.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of permanent shut-in well method of natural gas well, which is characterized in that the shut-in well method includes:
The payzone of the natural gas well is blocked；
If there are risk well sections for the natural gas well, the risk well section is blocked, wherein the risk well section packet
It includes: at least one of corrosion and damage well section, tail tube hanging well section, most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section and interannular well section with pressure；
Wherein, the risk well section is blocked, comprising:
When the risk well section is the corrosion and damage well section, cement slurry is injected in Xiang Suoshu corrosion and damage well section, to be formed
First cement cap, the top surface of first cement cap is higher than the top surface at least 50m of the corrosion and damage well section, described
The bottom surface of first cement cap is lower than the bottom surface at least 50m of the corrosion and damage well section；
When the risk well section is the most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section, the most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section of Xiang Suoshu injects cement
Slurry, to form the second cement cap, the top surface of second cement cap is higher than the top of most shallow hydrocarbon show zones well section
At least 150m；
When the risk well section is the tail tube hanging well section, Xiang Suoshu tail tube hanging well section injects cement slurry, to form the
Three cement caps, the top surface of the third cement cap are higher than the top at least 50m of the tail tube hanging well section, and described the
The bottom surface of three cement caps is lower than the bottom at least 50m of the tail tube hanging well section；
When risk well section well section with pressure for the interannular, using interannular well section remedial cementing with pressure described in circulation normal direction
Slurry, and the 4th cement cap is formed in pit shaft, the length of the 4th cement cap is greater than 150m.
2. shut-in well method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sealed in the payzone to the natural gas well
Before stifled, the method also includes:
Check whether wellhead assembly intact, if the wellhead assembly is incomplete damaged, the wellhead assembly repair and
Rectification.
3. shut-in well method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the payzone to the natural gas well seals
It is stifled, comprising:
When the payzone is conventional payzone, the payzone is blocked according to conventional plugging method, the routine plugging method packet
It includes, cement slurry injection is located in the pit shaft of the payzone, so that cement slurry is formed the first cement plug, institute by the Hou Ning technology that builds the pressure
The length for stating the first cement plug is at least 150m, and the top surface of first cement plug is higher than the top surface at least 50m of the payzone.
4. shut-in well method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the payzone to the natural gas well seals
It is stifled, further includes:
When the payzone is there are when high-risk, high pressure, high sulfur-bearing well section, the payzone is blocked with the conventional plugging method
Afterwards, it is also necessary to the setting bridge plug above the payzone blocked, and infused into the pit shaft being located above the bridge plug
Enter cement slurry, to form the second cement plug, the length of second cement plug is at least 150m.
5. shut-in well method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the payzone to the natural gas well seals
It is stifled, further includes:
When the payzone is low pressure, high leakage payzone, in the setting bridge plug in the top of the payzone, and to positioned at the bridge
Cement slurry is injected in the square pit shaft beyond the Great Wall, to form the second cement plug.
6. shut-in well method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the payzone to the natural gas well seals
It is stifled, comprising:
When the payzone includes multiple single gas-bearing formations, each list gas-bearing formation is blocked from the bottom to top using cement retainer.
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| CN201511029917.5A CN106930722B (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2015-12-31 | The permanent shut-in well method of the natural gas well |
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| CN201511029917.5A CN106930722B (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2015-12-31 | The permanent shut-in well method of the natural gas well |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109403912B (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2020-10-27 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Method for horizontal well cementing plug and construction method |
| CN110359879B (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-11-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Abandoned well plugging method |
| CN109372465A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-02-22 | 中国石化江汉油田分公司江汉采油厂 | A kind of method for blocking for empty well cylinder abandoned well |
| CN113586004B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-07-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for plugging waste gas storage well |
| CN112412393A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-26 | 四川盐业地质钻井大队 | Bittern natural gas waste well differential pressure segmented plugging process |
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| US20120234553A1 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-09-20 | Murphy Kent D | Mechanism for plugging subsea leaks |
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