CN106928647B - It is a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106928647B CN106928647B CN201710212776.3A CN201710212776A CN106928647B CN 106928647 B CN106928647 B CN 106928647B CN 201710212776 A CN201710212776 A CN 201710212776A CN 106928647 B CN106928647 B CN 106928647B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H tungsten hexachloride Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 8
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2C3CC=CC3C1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical group C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003091 WCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005007 epoxy-phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNPBGYBHLCEVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylidene(dichloro)ruthenium;tricyclohexylphosphanium Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C1CCCCC1[PH+](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1.C1CCCCC1[PH+](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 PNPBGYBHLCEVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011984 grubbs catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008263 repair mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2244—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zirconium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to field of compound material, provide a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite and preparation method thereof, including basis material and container-piping network skeleton structure.It is evenly dispersed in basis material to have catalyst;Container-piping network skeleton structure is formed by connecting by hollow ball shell and tube bundle by periodically perforation, and to avoid stress from concentrating, hollow ball shell and tube bundle junction pass through round-corner transition;Renovation agent is loaded inside hollow ball shell, tube bundle is used to renovation agent being delivered to material everywhere.After damage occurs in basis material, the conveyance conduit near it will be induced to occur to rupture and discharge renovation agent, renovation agent crosslinks reaction in basis material under the action of catalyst, to realize the selfreparing of damage.Enhancing provided by the invention/selfreparing integrated composite not only has excellent mechanical property, but also is able to achieve the lasting reparation to damage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of compound material, are related to a kind of multiple based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integration
Condensation material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Material is during military service, because that can not generated many with can avoid by the effects of fatigue, corrosion or external shock
The damage of the forms such as tiny crackle or defect influences the performance of material, shortens its service life.Since micro-crack often occurs
In the inside of material, to find in time and repair that this microscopic damage is highly difficult, thus in the presence of very big security risk.In order to disappear
Except this hidden danger, people attempt using the self-healing system of the organic life entity of nature as prototype, design have automatically detect,
Identification and the intellectual material for repairing damage, and in no external influence, material itself to defect self judgment, control and
The ability of recovery is known as selfreparing.
The self-repair material having been developed that at present can be divided into two classes according to the difference of repair mechanisms: Intrinsical selfreparing and
Foreign aid's type selfreparing.Intrinsical selfreparing directly passes through chemical bond or characteristic group specific to material internal, does not need to appoint
The ability what additional renovation agent can make material have selfreparing, but the repair ability of this mode is weaker, can only generally repair
The damage of very little scale.And foreign aid's type selfreparing is to realize selfreparing function by adding carrier and renovation agent in material system
Can, according to the difference of added carrier, it has been primarily present microcapsules selfreparing and microvascular selfreparing two ways at present.
Microcapsules selfreparing is that the microcapsules and catalyst that will be enclosed with renovation agent are implanted in basis material together, works as material
Material causes microcapsules rupture when generating crack, and renovation agent releases infiltration micro-crack in microcapsules, encounters and be dispersed in matrix
Cross-linked polymeric is generated after catalyst in material, so that repair crack makes material property be restored.Microcapsules self-repair material
Although having preferable mechanical property and repair ability, it can only repair the damage of the single in given area, once this
The renovation agent that microcapsules are loaded in region is completely consumed, and material will lose self-repair function in the area.For this
One defect, researchers propose a kind of microvascular self-repair method of mimic biology body blood vessel, and this method, which has, mutually passes through
Logical pipeline, that is, constitute the circulatory system, this enable renovation agent continue be transported at material damage, thus realize material damage
The multiple reparation of wound.But due to the introducing of microvascular, the initial mechanical performance of material is weakened to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing one
Body composite material and preparation method.
Technical scheme is as follows:
It is a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite, including basis material and matrix material
Container-piping network skeleton structure inside material.
The container-piping network skeleton structure is formed by connecting by hollow ball shell and tube bundle by periodically perforation,
To avoid stress from concentrating, hollow ball shell and tube bundle junction pass through round-corner transition;Each hollow ball shell can be with the six roots of sensation
Tube bundle connection, each tube bundle can be connect with two hollow ball shells.The wall thickness of hollow ball shell is relatively large, internal
Renovation agent is loaded, and hollow ball shell is entirely on active service in the period in material and does not fail, hollow ball shell can not only be used for renovation agent
Storage container, and humidification can be played to basis material, the wall thickness of tube bundle is smaller, for renovation agent to be delivered to material
Material is everywhere.
The basis material is epoxy resin or phenolic resin, and it is evenly dispersed in basis material have a catalyst, it is described
Catalyst be Ge Labu catalyst Grubbs or tungsten hexachloride WCl6。
The material of hollow ball shell and tube bundle is zirconium oxide or oxidation in the container-piping network skeleton structure
Aluminium;Container-piping network skeleton structure material property is better than basis material, is mounted with renovation agent inside container-piping network.
The renovation agent is dicyclopentadiene DCPD.The wall thickness of the hollow ball shell is 200~500 μm;The tube bundle
Wall thickness be 50~100 μm.
When material is undamaged, the hollow ball shell in container-piping network can be generated the mechanical property of composite material
Reinforcing effect;After basis material damages, due to the wall thickness very little of conveyance conduit, the conveyance conduit near crackle will occur
Renovation agent is ruptured and discharges, renovation agent crosslinks reaction in basis material under the action of catalyst, so that filling cracks, real
The selfreparing now damaged.From the perspective of bionics, role is equivalent to life to container-piping network in the composite
The bone and blood vessel of object, and basis material is then equivalent to the muscle of organism.
Above-mentioned enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite preparation method, comprising the following steps:
(1) container-piping network skeleton structure is prepared
Container-piping network skeleton structure threedimensional model is designed using CAD software, using high-precision 3D printing technique
Prepare container-piping network skeleton structure.Hollow ball shell and tube bundle in container-piping network skeleton structure is by periodically
Perforation is formed by connecting, and hollow ball shell and tube bundle junction pass through round-corner transition;For convenience of renovation agent is loaded, only retains and hold
Pipeline tapping at the top of device-piping network skeleton structure, remaining tube bundle end everywhere is closed state.
(2) renovation agent is filled in container-piping network skeleton structure
Renovation agent is filled into inside container prepared by step (1)-piping network skeleton structure under vacuum conditions, is added
After the completion of note, container-piping network skeleton structure opening is sealed using paraffin.
(3) catalyst is dispersed in basis material
Proper catalyst is taken to be added in basis material, being sufficiently stirred makes catalyst in homogeneously dispersed state.
(4) composite molding
The container for being mounted with renovation agent-piping network skeleton structure that step (2) is obtained is placed in Teflon mould
In, and by the obtained basis material injection Teflon mould for being mixed with catalyst of step (3), it is solidified into after vacuumizing
Type, demoulding obtain enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that enhancing of the present invention/selfreparing integration composite wood
Material not only has excellent mechanical property, but also is able to achieve the lasting reparation to damage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is container-piping network skeleton structure three dimensional structure diagram;
Fig. 3 (a) is container-piping network skeleton structure basic unit structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 (b) is container-piping network skeleton structure basic unit cross-sectional view;
In figure: 1 container-piping network;2 basis materials;3 renovation agents;4 catalyst;11 hollow ball shells;12 tube bundles.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and technical solution, a specific embodiment of the invention is further illustrated.It should be appreciated that this place
The implementation example of description is only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention.
It is a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite.Its basis material is asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin
Rouge, evenly dispersed lattice granny rag catalyst Grubbs in epoxy resin.Its container-piping network skeleton structure is by hollow ball shell and circle
Column tube road is formed by connecting by periodically perforation, and hollow ball shell and tube bundle junction pass through round-corner transition, container-piping network
Every tube bundle connects two hollow ball shells inside skeleton structure, and each hollow ball shell connects six roots of sensation tube bundle, container-pipe
The port sealing of the outermost tube bundle of road network skeleton structure.Filling dicyclopentadiene DCPD inside hollow ball shell, and
Material hollow ball shell in the period of being entirely on active service does not fail.
Above-mentioned enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite preparation method, comprising the following steps:
(1) container-piping network skeleton structure is prepared.
Container-piping network skeleton structure threedimensional model is designed using CAD software, using high-precision 3D printing technique
Prepare container-piping network skeleton structure.Round-corner transition is used in the junction of container and pipeline;For convenience of load renovation agent,
Pipeline tapping at the top of preserving container-piping network skeleton structure, remaining tube bundle end everywhere is closed state.
(2) DCPD is filled in container-piping network skeleton structure.
DCPD is filled into inside container prepared by step (1)-piping network skeleton structure under vacuum conditions, is filled
After the completion, container-piping network skeleton structure opening is sealed using paraffin.
(3) catalyst is dispersed in basis material.
Appropriate Grubbs catalyst is taken to be added in resin, being sufficiently stirred makes catalyst in homogeneously dispersed state.
(4) composite molding.
The container for being mounted with DCPD-piping network skeleton structure that step (2) is obtained is placed in Teflon mould,
And inject step (3) the obtained basis material for being mixed with Grubbs catalyst in Teflon mould, it is solid after vacuumizing
Chemical conversion type, demoulding obtain enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite, which is characterized in that the enhancing/
Selfreparing integrated composite includes container-piping network skeleton structure inside basis material and basis material;
The container-piping network skeleton structure is formed by connecting by hollow ball shell and tube bundle by periodically perforation, hollow
Spherical shell and tube bundle junction avoid stress from concentrating by round-corner transition;Each hollow ball shell can be with six roots of sensation cylindrical tube
Road connection, each tube bundle can be connect with two hollow ball shells;Renovation agent, and hollow ball shell are loaded inside hollow ball shell
It is entirely on active service in the period and does not fail in material, hollow ball shell can play humidification to basis material, and tube bundle is used
In renovation agent is delivered to material everywhere;
It is evenly dispersed in the basis material to have catalyst;
The container-piping network skeleton structure material property is better than basis material;The wall thickness of the hollow ball shell is
200~500 μm;The wall thickness of the tube bundle is 50~100 μm;
When material is undamaged, the hollow ball shell in container-piping network can generate enhancing to the mechanical property of composite material
Effect;After basis material damages, the conveyance conduit near crackle will occur to rupture and discharge renovation agent, and renovation agent is in base
Reaction is crosslinked in body material under the action of catalyst, realizes the selfreparing of damage.
2. it is according to claim 1 a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite,
It is characterized in that, the material of hollow ball shell and tube bundle is zirconium oxide or oxidation in the container-piping network skeleton structure
Aluminium.
3. it is according to claim 1 or 2 a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite,
It is characterized in that, the basis material is epoxy resin or phenolic resin.
4. it is according to claim 1 or 2 a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite,
It is characterized in that, the renovation agent is dicyclopentadiene DCPD.
5. it is according to claim 3 a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite,
It is characterized in that, the renovation agent is dicyclopentadiene DCPD.
6. a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integration composite wood described according to claim 1 or 2 or 5
Material, which is characterized in that the catalyst is Ge Labu catalyst Grubbs or tungsten hexachloride WCl6。
7. it is according to claim 3 a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite,
It is characterized in that, the catalyst is Ge Labu catalyst Grubbs or tungsten hexachloride WCl6。
8. it is according to claim 4 a kind of based on container-piping network enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite,
It is characterized in that, the catalyst is Ge Labu catalyst Grubbs or tungsten hexachloride WCl6。
9. any enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite preparation method of the claims 1-8, it is characterised in that
Following steps:
(1) container-piping network skeleton structure is prepared
Container-piping network skeleton structure threedimensional model is designed using CAD software, container-pipe is prepared using 3D printing technique
Road network skeleton structure;Hollow ball shell and tube bundle in container-piping network skeleton structure by periodically perforation connection and
At, and hollow ball shell and tube bundle junction pass through round-corner transition, the cylinder at the top of preserving container-piping network skeleton structure
Pipeline tapping, remaining tube bundle end everywhere is closed state;
(2) renovation agent is filled in container-piping network skeleton structure
Renovation agent is filled into inside container prepared by step (1)-piping network skeleton structure under vacuum conditions, has been filled
Cheng Hou is sealed container-piping network skeleton structure opening using paraffin;
(3) catalyst is dispersed in basis material
Proper catalyst is taken to be added in basis material, being sufficiently stirred makes catalyst in homogeneously dispersed state;
(4) composite molding
The container for being mounted with renovation agent-piping network skeleton structure that step (2) is obtained is placed in Teflon mould, and
By in the obtained basis material injection Teflon mould for being mixed with catalyst of step (3), rear curing molding is vacuumized, is taken off
Mould obtains enhancing/selfreparing integrated composite.
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CN109100395B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-05-12 | 浙江大学 | Self-monitoring and self-repairing carbon fiber reinforced composite material intelligent structure |
CN108127905B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-07-02 | 浙江大学 | Composite thermoplastic carbon fiber material intelligence structure manufacturing device and method |
CN109849325B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-05-12 | 浙江大学 | Intelligent structure of carbon fiber thermoplastic composite material and manufacturing method thereof |
CN108038329B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-02-26 | 大连理工大学 | Numerical simulation method for damage and healing mechanism of microcapsule self-healing material |
CN110628178B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2022-05-31 | 上海卫星装备研究所 | Self-repairing fiber reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof |
GB2594349A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2021-10-27 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Self-healing polymers |
CN114536744A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-05-27 | 裴峰 | Spatial framework composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology |
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EP1591562A2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-02 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Self-healing structure and coating used in corrosive environment |
CN103113717A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-05-22 | 华东交通大学 | Preparation method of ceramic pipe network carrier in damage self-restoration of resin-base composite material |
CN205896521U (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2017-01-18 | 天津大学 | Can arrange devices that lead to of main branch pipe position at will more |
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Patent Citations (4)
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JPH10184027A (en) * | 1996-12-26 | 1998-07-14 | Hirozo Mihashi | Mechanism for supplying concrete repairing liquid and concrete having it therein |
EP1591562A2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-02 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Self-healing structure and coating used in corrosive environment |
CN103113717A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-05-22 | 华东交通大学 | Preparation method of ceramic pipe network carrier in damage self-restoration of resin-base composite material |
CN205896521U (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2017-01-18 | 天津大学 | Can arrange devices that lead to of main branch pipe position at will more |
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