CN106922008B - IPv6 wireless sensor network multi-path transmission method based on RPL routing protocol - Google Patents
IPv6 wireless sensor network multi-path transmission method based on RPL routing protocol Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an IPv6 wireless sensor network multi-path transmission method based on an RPL routing protocol, and belongs to the technical field of wireless sensor networks. In the 6LoWPAN wireless sensing network based on the IPv6 technology, a parent node set generated during routing is constructed by utilizing an RPL (resilient packet link) protocol according to hop values from source nodes to sink nodes and node residual energy, and a message is copied to multiple copies and then distributed to multiple RPL parent nodes for forwarding according to the reliability requirement of the message and the Rank value of the parent node. In order to enable the 6LoWPAN network to support multi-path message transmission, the method designs a new 6LoWPAN header-multi-path header at an adaptation layer, and the new 6LoWPAN header is used for copying the message to multiple paths for transmission and finally eliminating the message. The invention can improve the reliability of message transmission in the network by increasing the redundant path during message transmission, and can effectively prolong the network lifetime by considering the node residual energy and the hop count to the sink node during selecting the transmission path.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless sensor networks, and relates to an IPv6 wireless sensor network multi-path transmission method based on an RPL routing protocol.
Background
The wireless sensor network is always regarded as a current international research hotspot, is one of core research contents of the technology of the internet of things, can realize the sensing, the acquisition, the processing and the transmission of physical information, and is widely applied to a plurality of aspects of industry, environmental monitoring, medical treatment, military affairs and the like.
By introducing the IPv6 technology into the wireless sensor network, each sensor node can have a unique IPv6 address, the IP communication between the node end and the host end is realized, and the application on the Internet is successfully extended to the wireless sensor network. In addition, the 6LoWPAN network combining the wireless sensor network and the IPv6 technology has higher popularity and applicability, and more address spaces meet the requirement of deploying large-scale, high-density and low-speed wireless personal area network equipment. However, due to the defects of low processing capability, limited energy and bad communication environment of the sensor nodes in the 6LoWPAN network, packet loss is easy to occur in message transmission, thereby causing transmission failure. In order to increase the reliability of message communication and improve the message transmission performance, it is important to introduce a multi-path message transmission technology into the 6LoWPAN network.
At present, various multipath routing technologies have been proposed in the field of wireless sensor networks, and although multiple transmission paths can be established for message transmission, the technologies cannot be directly improved and applied to a 6LoWPAN network. In order to provide a multipath transmission method suitable for a 6LoWPAN network, the existing routing protocol is adopted for realization. RPL is widely used in a 6LoWPAN network as a routing protocol standardized by IETF. A series of new mechanisms are designed in the RPL routing protocol, the RPL routing protocol is a high-efficiency distance vector protocol for a wireless sensor network, nodes construct a directed acyclic graph through exchanging distance vectors, and the nodes can be used for transmission to avoid forming a loop through multiple paths. However, only one transmission path is used in the message transmission process, which is easy to cause the failure of message transmission, and reduces the transmission reliability of the network.
In order to ensure the requirement of the wireless sensor network on the message transmission reliability, and aiming at the condition that the message transmission in the 6LoWPAN network fails, the invention provides an IPv6 wireless sensor network multi-path transmission method based on an RPL routing protocol, aiming at improving the message transmission reliability of the 6LoWPAN network.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide an IPv6 wireless sensor network multipath transmission method based on an RPL routing protocol, where the method establishes multiple packet transmission paths to multiple father nodes by using a father node set generated when the RPL protocol constructs a route according to hop values from nodes to sink nodes and node residual energy. The method can solve the problem of message transmission failure, effectively improve the end-to-end transmission success rate of the message and improve the transmission reliability of the network.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a IPv6 wireless sensor network multi-path transmission method based on RPL routing protocol includes confirming number of path strips needed by transmission of message when source node sends message, then distributing number of path strips corresponding to Rank value to each father node by size relation between Rank values, calculating Rank value by RPL according to node residual energy value and hop number value to convergent node, packaging number of path strips in multi-path head of message at adaptation layer and sending it to father node corresponding to Rank, carrying out message forwarding by each intermediate route node according to said method until message is sent to convergent node.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: after receiving a message transmitted from an upper layer of a protocol stack, an adaptation layer multi-path transmission entity determines the total path number P required by transmitting the message according to the reliability requirement of the message; when P is less than or equal to 1, the message is directly forwarded out if the message does not need to use multipath transmission;
s2: when the total number P of paths required for transmitting the message is more than 1, distributing the number C of copies of the message to be forwarded to each father node in the RPL father node set by using a multi-path message distribution method;
s3: for a father node with the forwarding number of copies C being more than or equal to 1, the multi-path transmission entity copies a message, adds a multi-path head in the head of an adaptation layer of the message, and then sends the message to the father node; the multi-path header includes a header type specification field, a multi-path packet sequence number field (sequence number), and a path number field (PathCount); the multipath packet sequence number fields of the multipath heads in all the copied messages are required to be consistent and accumulated when the next new message is sent, and the path number field is filled with the corresponding forwarding number C; the father node with the forwarding number of copies C less than 1 does not send the copied message;
s4: after receiving the message containing the multipath head, the intermediate routing node judges whether the value PathCount of the path number field in the multipath head is equal to 1, if the PathCount is equal to 1, the intermediate routing node keeps the value of each field of the multipath head unchanged and directly forwards the message; if PathCount is greater than 1, the message needs to continuously copy PathCount copies at the node and distribute the PathCount copies to multiple paths, step S2 and step S3 are repeated, P equals PathCount in step S2, in step S3, a new multipath header is not added again and a multipath packet sequence number field is kept unchanged, and it is only required to change the path number field to fill the corresponding forwarding copy number C;
s5: when the destination node receives the message containing the multipath header, whether the message is received before can be judged through the multipath packet sequence number field and the source address in the multipath header, if not, the message is transmitted to an upper layer protocol, and if so, the message is discarded.
Further, in step S2, the multi-path packet allocation method includes: if the number P of paths required by the sending node is greater than the total number of father nodes in the RPL father node set, allocating a plurality of paths for each father node according to the size relationship between the Rank values of each father node, and adopting the following formula:
wherein, round () is a rounding function, and rounding processing is carried out on the following calculation result; p is the total number of paths, P
mIs the number of paths allocated to the parent node m; r
mIs the Rank value for parent node m (m ═ 1, 2, …, n).
And if the number P of the paths is less than or equal to the number of the father nodes, sequentially selecting P Rank values according to the order from small to large of the Rank values, and allocating a path to the father node corresponding to each Rank value.
Further, in step S3, the multipath header includes a header type specification field, a multipath packet sequence number field (sequence number), and a path number field (PathCount); wherein, the front of different types of message headers of the adaptation layer must have a header type description field with the length of 8 bits; the sequence number field contains the unique serial number of the message, and the length is 16 bits; the PathCount field contains the number of paths to be filled for the node to send or forward the message, and the length is 8 bits.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method can effectively improve the end-to-end transmission success rate of the message in the IPv6 wireless sensor network and improve the transmission reliability of the network. The multipath message with higher reliability requirement is sent to a plurality of corresponding father nodes through the number of paths which are distributed in advance, so that a plurality of transmission paths are established, and the problem that the single-path message transmission of the 6LoWPAN network is easy to fail is effectively solved.
2) The method can effectively balance energy consumption and relieve network congestion. When a sending node distributes the number of the message to be forwarded, namely the number of the path bars, to the sending node through the parent node Rank value, the parent node Rank value needs to be calculated by considering two parameters, namely the hop value from the node to the sink node and the residual energy value. The consideration of energy is beneficial to energy balance, and the excessive messages are prevented from being forwarded by the intermediate routing nodes with lower energy.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multi-path transmission method of a 6LoWPAN network according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a 6LoWPAN protocol stack architecture according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an adaptation layer multi-path header frame format according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a single parent node message transmission according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of multiple father nodes (the number of paths P is greater than the number of father nodes) messages according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of multiple father nodes (the number P of paths is less than or equal to the number of father nodes) messages according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-path transmission method of a 6LoWPAN network, in the 6LoWPAN network, when a source node sends a packet, the number of path strips required for transmitting the packet is determined, then one or more paths are allocated to each parent node through a Rank value, the Rank value is calculated by the parent node according to the self residual energy value and the hop count value to a sink node, the number of the path strips is encapsulated in a multi-path header of the packet at an adaptation layer and sent to the parent node corresponding to the Rank value, and each intermediate routing node forwards the packet according to the method until the packet is sent to the sink node.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, after receiving the message from the upper layer of the protocol stack, the multi-path transmission entity of the adaptation layer determines the total path number P required by the transmission of the message according to the reliability requirement of the message. When P is less than or equal to 1, the message is directly forwarded out if the message does not need to use multipath transmission;
s2, when the total path number P needed for transmitting the message is more than 1, distributing the number of copies C of the message to be transmitted to each father node in the RPL father node set by using a multi-path message distribution method;
s3, the multipath transmission entity copies the packet and adds the multipath header to the adaptation layer header of the parent node with the forwarding number C greater than or equal to 1, and then sends the packet to the parent node, where the multipath header includes a header type description field, a multipath packet sequence number field (sequence number) and a path number field (PathCount). The multipath packet sequence number fields of the multipath headers in all the copied messages are required to be consistent, and are accumulated when the next new message is sent, and the path number field is filled with the corresponding forwarding number C. The father node with the forwarding number of copies C less than 1 does not send the copied message;
s4, after receiving the message containing the multi-path head, the intermediate routing node judges whether the value PathCount of the path number field in the multi-path head is equal to 1, if PathCount is equal to 1, the intermediate routing node keeps the value of each field of the multi-path head unchanged and directly forwards the message; if PathCount is greater than 1, the message needs to continuously copy PathCount copies at the node and distribute the PathCount copies to multiple paths, and step 102 and step 103 are repeated, P is equal to PathCount in step 102, and in step 103, a new multi-path head is not added again, the multi-path packet sequence number field is kept unchanged, and the corresponding forwarding copy number C is filled by changing the path number field;
and S5, after the destination node receives the message containing the multipath header, judging whether the message is received before through the multipath packet sequence number field and the source address in the multipath header, if not, transmitting the message to an upper layer protocol, and if so, discarding the message.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a 6LoWPAN protocol stack architecture, which realizes multipath message transmission by using an RPL routing adopted by a network layer and a multipath header designed by an adaptation layer in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a multi-path header frame format of an adaptation layer, where the multi-path header of the adaptation layer design includes a header type description field, a multi-path packet sequence number field (sequence number) and a path number field (PathCount). Wherein, the front of different types of message headers of the adaptation layer must have a header type description field with the length of 8 bits; the sequence number field contains the unique serial number of the message and is defined as the length of 16 bits; the PathCount field contains the number of paths required by the node to send or forward the packet, and is defined as 8 bits in length.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of packet transmission in a case where a source node has only one parent node, and the packet transmission process will be described below by taking the diagram as an example. As shown in the figure, the source node determines the number P of required paths to be 8 according to the reliability requirement, and since only one father node exists, the source node directly assigns P to 8 to PathCount, that is, PathCount is 8, then encapsulates the multipath head in the message and directly sends the message to the only father node, and the father node forwards the message after receiving the message.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of packet transmission in the case where the source node has multiple parents (the number of paths P > the number of parents), and the packet transmission process will be described below by taking the diagram as an example. As shown in the figure, the source node determines that the required number P of paths is 8 according to the reliability requirement, and the source node has 3 father nodes, and then the source node needs to allocate the number of paths to the father nodes according to the magnitude relationship between the Rank values of the father nodes, and the following allocation formula is utilized:
then P is added
1、P
2、P
3The values of (1) are respectively assigned to PathCount, i.e., PathCount
1＝5，PathCount
2＝1，PathCount
3After encapsulating the multipath header in the packet, the packet is sent to the corresponding parent node A, B, C, and after receiving the packet, they obtain a new P value, that is, P equals PathCount. Then, the same message distribution method is adopted and the message is forwarded. When the destination node receives the first message containing the multi-path head, the first message is transmitted to an upper layer protocol, and the remaining 7 messages containing the same packet sequence number are discarded and are not transmitted to the upper layer protocol.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of packet transmission in the case where the source node has multiple parents (the number of paths P ═ the number of parents), and the packet transmission process will be described below by taking the diagram as an example. As shown in the figure, the source node determines that the number P of required paths is 3 according to the reliability requirement, and the source node has 4 father nodes, and selects three paths with Rank values of 100, 200, and 500 in the order from small to large, where the following messages are sent to the sink node along one path respectively. Similarly, when receiving the first message containing the multipath header, the destination node transmits the first message to the upper layer protocol, and the remaining 2 messages containing the same packet sequence number are discarded and are not transmitted to the upper layer.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A IPv6 wireless sensor network multi-path transmission method based on RPL routing protocol is characterized in that: in the method, when a source node sends a message, the number of path strips required for transmitting the message is determined, then the number of the path strips corresponding to a Rank value is distributed to each father node through the size relation between the Rank values, the Rank value is obtained by calculation of an RPL (resilient packet layer) according to the node residual energy value and the hop value to a sink node, the number of the path strips is packaged in a multi-path header of the message in an adaptation layer and sent to the father node corresponding to the Rank, and each intermediate routing node forwards the message according to the method until the message is sent to the sink node; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: after receiving a message transmitted from an upper layer of a protocol stack, an adaptation layer multi-path transmission entity determines the total path number P required by transmitting the message according to the reliability requirement of the message; when P is less than or equal to 1, the message is directly forwarded out if the message does not need to use multipath transmission;
s2: when the total number P of paths required for transmitting the message is more than 1, distributing the number C of copies of the message to be forwarded to each father node in the RPL father node set by using a multi-path message distribution method;
s3: for a father node with the forwarding number of copies C being more than or equal to 1, the multi-path transmission entity copies a message, adds a multi-path head in the head of an adaptation layer of the message, and then sends the message to the father node; the multi-path header includes a header type specification field, a multi-path packet sequence number field (sequence number), and a path number field (PathCount); the multipath packet sequence number fields of the multipath heads in all the copied messages are required to be consistent and accumulated when the next new message is sent, and the path number field is filled with the corresponding forwarding number C; the father node with the forwarding number of copies C less than 1 does not send the copied message;
s4: after receiving the message containing the multipath head, the intermediate routing node judges whether the value PathCount of the path number field in the multipath head is equal to 1, if the PathCount is equal to 1, the intermediate routing node keeps the value of each field of the multipath head unchanged and directly forwards the message; if PathCount is greater than 1, the message needs to continuously copy PathCount copies at the node and distribute the PathCount copies to multiple paths, step S2 and step S3 are repeated, P equals PathCount in step S2, in step S3, a new multipath header is not added again and a multipath packet sequence number field is kept unchanged, and it is only required to change the path number field to fill the corresponding forwarding copy number C;
s5: after receiving the message containing the multipath head, the destination node judges whether the message is received before through the multipath packet serial number field and the source address in the multipath head, if not, the message is transmitted to an upper layer protocol, and if so, the message is discarded;
in step S2, the multi-path packet allocation method includes: if the number P of paths required by the sending node is greater than the total number of father nodes in the RPL father node set, allocating a plurality of paths for each father node according to the size relationship between the Rank values of each father node, and adopting the following formula:
wherein, round () is a rounding function, and rounding processing is carried out on the following calculation result; p is the total number of paths, P
mIs the number of paths allocated to the parent node m; r
mIs the Rank value corresponding to the parent node m (m ═ 1, 2, …, n);
if the number P of paths is less than or equal to the number of father nodes, sequentially selecting P Rank values according to the order of the Rank values from small to large, and allocating a path to the father node corresponding to each Rank value;
in step S3, the multipath header includes a header type specification field, a multipath packet sequence number field (sequence number), and a path number field (PathCount); wherein, the front of different types of message headers of the adaptation layer must have a header type description field with the length of 8 bits; the sequence number field contains the unique serial number of the message, and the length is 16 bits; the PathCount field contains the number of paths to be filled for the node to send or forward the message, and the length is 8 bits.
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| CN110019986B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-12-29 | 福建福链科技有限公司 | Method and terminal for sequencing messages in directed acyclic graph |
| CN109257790B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-08-31 | 东南大学—无锡集成电路技术研究所 | High-stability routing method for spacecraft data acquisition wireless network |
| US11362837B2 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2022-06-14 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Generating trustable RPL messages having root-signed rank values |
| CN109788522B (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2020-09-15 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Route discovery method and device |
| CN110932969B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-10-22 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Advanced metering system AMI network anti-interference attack routing algorithm for smart grid |
| CN115695340A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2023-02-03 | 山东浪潮科学研究院有限公司 | Message forwarding method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN116074242B (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2024-06-14 | 重庆邮电大学 | Multipath joint scheduling method for TSCH network |
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