CN106921177B - Low voltage ride through control method and device of wind generating set and simulation system - Google Patents
Low voltage ride through control method and device of wind generating set and simulation system Download PDFInfo
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- G06F30/367—Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low voltage ride through control method, a low voltage ride through control device and a simulation system of a wind generating set. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: monitoring the electric quantity parameters of the power grid in real time; judging whether the power grid has a short-circuit fault or not based on the electrical quantity parameter; if short-circuit fault occurs, executing a low-voltage ride-through mode; and after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, ending the low-voltage ride-through mode, and restoring the reactive compensation to the power grid by the wind generating set according to the restoring slope in the preset range according to the short-circuit capacity ratio. Therefore, according to the embodiment of the invention, the reactive power recovery slope after the low voltage ride through mode is limited, so that the reactive current can be changed moderately, the impact of the instantaneous step of the reactive current on a power grid is prevented, and the friendly performance of the wind driven generator group on the weak power grid is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power control, in particular to a low-voltage ride through control method, a low-voltage ride through control device and a low-voltage ride through simulation system for a wind generating set.
Background
With the development of social economy, electric power resources have become necessities of life of people. Power generation methods for providing power resources include not only conventional thermal power generation, hydroelectric power generation, and the like, but also emerging wind power generation, nuclear power generation, and the like. Because wind power generation has the advantages of cleanness, reproducibility, no damage to geographical environment and the like, the wind power generation has received wide attention of people. Because wind power has unstable characteristics, control of wind power generation becomes particularly critical.
The existing control strategy for wind power generation is as follows: under the normal operation state, the converter sends reactive current to the power grid according to the instruction of a master control (the master control of the wind generating set). When high voltage or low voltage ride through occurs, the main control instruction is cut off, and the converter directly sends inductive reactive power or capacitive reactive power to the power grid according to the rising or falling degree of the generator terminal voltage of the wind driven generator so as to help recover the power grid voltage. When the fault is cleared, the reactive current output by the converter drops to 0 instantly. Subsequently, the command source for the converter to send reactive current is switched back to the master. At the moment, the reactive current sent by the fan is immediately stepped to the reactive current instruction value of the master control.
The inventor researches and discovers that the existing control strategy for wind power generation has the following problems: before a fault occurs, the converter sends a reactive current q (q ≠ 0) to the power grid according to a main control instruction. In case of failure, the master command is cut off. After the fault is cleared, a step from 0 to q appears at the moment of switching back to the reactive current command sent by the master controller. The capacitive reactive power generated by the fan can lift the grid voltage, and the inductive reactive power generated by the fan can reduce the grid voltage, so that the step can generate impact on the grid voltage. Especially in areas with weak power grids, or in wind farms with a large number of wind turbines, or in wind farms with a large amount of reactive current generated by wind turbines before a voltage fault, the impact caused by this step is larger. In severe cases, this step may even repeatedly cause the grid voltage to fluctuate.
How to reduce the problem of voltage step caused by low voltage ride through fault and ensure the voltage stable recovery after the low voltage ride through fault is an urgent problem to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the problem of voltage step caused by a low voltage ride through fault and ensure the stable recovery of voltage after the low voltage ride through fault is ended, the embodiment of the invention provides a low voltage ride through control method, a low voltage ride through control device and a simulation system of a wind generating set.
In a first aspect, a low voltage ride through control method for a wind turbine generator system is provided. The method comprises the following steps:
monitoring the electric quantity parameters of the power grid in real time;
judging whether the power grid has a short-circuit fault or not based on the electrical quantity parameter;
if the short-circuit fault occurs, executing a low-voltage ride-through mode;
and after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, ending the low-voltage ride-through mode, and restoring the reactive compensation to the power grid by the wind generating set according to the reactive current restoration slope in the preset range according to the short-circuit capacity ratio.
In a second aspect, a low voltage ride through control apparatus for a wind turbine generator set is provided. The device includes:
the parameter monitoring unit is used for monitoring the electric quantity parameters of the power grid in real time;
the fault judgment unit is used for judging whether the power grid has a short-circuit fault or not based on the electrical quantity parameter;
a mode execution unit for executing a low voltage ride through mode when the short circuit fault occurs;
and the reactive compensation unit is used for ending the low voltage ride through mode after the short circuit fault is eliminated, and restoring reactive compensation to the power grid by the wind generating set according to the reactive current restoration slope in the preset range based on the short circuit capacity ratio.
In a third aspect, a low voltage ride through simulation system of a wind turbine generator system is provided. The system may include:
testing the power grid;
the wind generating set is connected with the test power grid and used for executing a low-voltage ride-through mode after the test power grid has a short-circuit fault; after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, ending the low-voltage ride through mode, and restoring reactive compensation to the test power grid by the wind generating set according to the reactive current restoration slope in the preset range according to the short-circuit capacity ratio;
the transformer is respectively connected with the test power grid and the wind driven generator and used for transforming the voltage output by the wind driven generator set and then transmitting the voltage to the test power grid;
and the PSCAD server is respectively connected with the test power grid and the wind generating set and used for simulating low voltage ride through control of the wind generating set on the PSCAD platform.
The embodiment of the invention can be applied to the scene of high voltage ride through or low voltage ride through when the reactive output of the fan is not 0 in the actual wind power plant, and can also be applied to the simulation voltage control scene in a laboratory, and the content in the aspect is not limited.
Therefore, according to the embodiment of the invention, the reactive current recovery slope after the voltage fault is limited, so that the reactive current can be changed moderately, the impact of the instantaneous step of the reactive current on the power grid is prevented, and the friendly performance of the wind driven generator group on the weak power grid is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a low voltage ride through control method of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of obtaining a recovery slope of a preset range according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a low voltage ride through control simulation system of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of per unit values of grid voltage positive sequence components obtained by an experiment according to a first control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of per unit value of the reactive current output of the wind turbine obtained by the experiment according to the first control strategy according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of per unit values of grid voltage positive sequence components obtained by an experiment according to a second control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of per unit value of the reactive current output of the wind turbine obtained by the experiment according to the second control strategy according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of per unit values of grid voltage positive sequence components obtained by an experiment according to a third control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6(b) is a schematic diagram of per unit value of the reactive current output of the wind turbine obtained by the experiment according to the third control strategy according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(a) is a schematic diagram of per unit values of grid voltage positive sequence components obtained by a fourth control strategy experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(b) is a schematic diagram of per unit value of the reactive current output of the wind turbine obtained by the experiment according to the fourth control strategy in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a low voltage ride through control apparatus of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a low voltage ride through control simulation system of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a low voltage ride through control method of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method may include the steps of: s110, monitoring the electric quantity parameters of the power grid in real time; s120, judging whether the power grid has a short-circuit fault or not based on the electrical quantity parameter; s130, if short-circuit fault occurs, executing a low-voltage ride through mode; and S140, after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, ending the low-voltage ride through mode, and restoring reactive compensation to the power grid by the wind generating set according to the reactive current restoration slope (which can be referred to as the restoration slope for short) in the preset range according to the short-circuit capacity ratio.
The embodiment of the invention can be applied to the scene of high voltage ride through or low voltage ride through when the reactive output of the fan is not 0 in the actual wind power plant, and can also be applied to the simulation voltage control scene in a laboratory, and the content in the aspect is not limited.
The execution subject of each operation step of the embodiment of the invention can be a low voltage ride through control device or a simulation system of the wind generating set. The apparatus or system may be constructed in the form of functional units, which will be described in more detail below.
In S110, the power grid may be a power system for people' S actual life, which is composed of a substation with various voltages and a power transmission and distribution line, or may be a section of power grid with a preset short-circuit capacity ratio for a laboratory. For example, a grid with short circuit capacity ratios of 2, 4, 6, 8. The short-circuit capacity ratio can be the short-circuit capacity ratio of a wind field or a grid of a grid-connected point of a wind generating set. The numerical value of the short circuit capacity ratio may be a ratio of the grid-connected point capacity to the rated capacity of the wind farm. It can be understood that when the wind farm is reconstructed, such as expansion, the rated capacity of the wind farm can be changed according to the actual situation. Generally, the smaller the value of the short circuit capacity ratio, the weaker the grid and the more susceptible it is to interference. For example, a network with a short-circuit capacity ratio of 2 or 4 belongs to a weaker network. The electrical quantity parameter may include: a grid voltage positive sequence component.
In S120, the short-circuit fault may be a three-phase symmetric short-circuit fault, a two-phase or single-phase asymmetric short-circuit fault. After the short-circuit fault occurs, the voltage of the power grid can drop rapidly, so that whether the short-circuit fault occurs or not can be judged.
In S130, after the short-circuit fault occurs, the low voltage ride through mode needs to be performed. At this time, a reactive current command sent by a master control (master control of the wind generating set) to a converter (which may also be a transformer) is cut off, and the converter may directly send a specified amount (for example, 1pu) of capacitive reactive current to the grid according to the depth of the voltage drop to help to raise the grid voltage and recover to the voltage value before the fault.
In S140, after the short circuit fault is eliminated, the wind turbine (wind turbine) exits the low voltage ride through mode and resumes the master reactive command. In order to prevent the problem caused by reactive current step after the voltage ride through mode is finished, the reactive compensation of the power grid can be recovered by the wind generating set according to the recovery slope in the preset range based on the short-circuit capacity ratio. That is, by slope-limiting the reactive current emitted by the wind turbine in the main control (limiting it within a preset range), the reactive current for restoring reactive compensation can be changed from 0pu to a new command value (e.g., 0.25pu) according to a more moderate slope.
Therefore, according to the embodiment of the invention, the reactive current recovery slope after the voltage fault is limited, so that the reactive current can be changed moderately, the impact of the instantaneous step of the reactive current on a power grid is prevented, and the friendly performance of the wind driven generator group on a weak power grid is improved.
As a modified example of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, an operation of acquiring the recovery slope of the preset range may be added on the basis of fig. 1. The operation of acquiring the recovery slope of the preset range may be increased before S110.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of obtaining a recovery slope of a predetermined range.
As shown in fig. 2, the method may include the steps of: and S210, connecting the wind generating set to a test power grid with a preset short-circuit capacity ratio through a transformer on a PSCAD platform to generate a voltage control model. The voltage control model can also be called a fan grid-connected model; s220, simulating and testing the short-circuit fault of the Power grid by using a PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design) platform, and then eliminating the short-circuit fault; s230, after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, performing reactive compensation on the test power grid by using the wind generating set according to a specified recovery slope; s240, judging whether the test power grid can bear voltage impact caused by reactive compensation when receiving the reactive compensation; and S250, acquiring a preset range of the recovery slope capable of bearing voltage impact.
In S210, the wind turbine grid-connected model (simulation model) may be implemented in the following manner: a certain permanent magnet direct-taking wind generating set is connected to a section of power grid through a box transformer substation. The simulation model can be a virtual model in a PSCAD platform, and a permanent magnet direct-taking wind driven generator, a transformer and a power grid do not exist in real objects and are only virtual icons. The simulation model can also be an experimental model in a laboratory, and a permanent magnet direct-taking wind driven generator, a transformer and a power grid can exist in real objects. This aspect is not limiting. This part will also be described in the embodiment shown in fig. 3.
In S220, the PSCAD platform may be used to generate a short-circuit fault at a certain time point (e.g., 1.5S after the start of the simulation experiment) and to eliminate the short-circuit fault at another time point (e.g., 1.36S after the start of the simulation experiment).
In S230, the specified recovery slope K may be selected from slopes within a range of (0, 10), for example, K (unit may be pu/S) may be 10, 5, 1, 0.42, 0.37, 0.27, and the like.
In S240, under the state of different short-circuit capacity ratios of the power grid, reactive current with different recovery slopes K is used to perform a reactive compensation experiment on the power grid one by one, and it is determined that the power grid can bear voltage impact caused by reactive compensation during the experiment.
In S250, numerous experiments can be summarized as follows: the recovery slope is positively correlated with the short circuit capacity ratio, and the recovery slope is positively correlated with the voltage surge. For example, (1) the smaller the short circuit capacity ratio, the smaller the value of the reactive current recovery slope; (2) under the premise of the same short-circuit capacity ratio, the smaller the value of the reactive current recovery slope is, the smaller the impact of the reactive current step change on the grid voltage is.
In addition, in the case of no conflict, those skilled in the art can flexibly adjust the order of the above operation steps or flexibly combine the above steps according to actual needs. Various implementations are not described again for the sake of brevity. In addition, the contents of the various embodiments may be mutually incorporated by reference.
In some embodiments, the preset range of recovery slope that can withstand voltage surges may include: when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.20pu/s and less than 0.22 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.26pu/s and less than 0.28 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.34pu/s and less than 0.36 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.50pu/s and less than 0.52 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 10, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.77pu/s and less than 0.79 pu/s.
In some embodiments, restoring the slope may include: when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the recovery slope is 0.21 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the recovery slope is 0.27 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the recovery slope is 0.35 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the recovery slope is 0.51 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio was 10, the recovery slope was 0.78 pu/s.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low voltage ride through control simulation system architecture of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 3, the architecture of the system may be a simulation model applied in a laboratory. The architecture 300 of the simulation system may include: testing grid 301, transformer 302, wind turbine generator set 303 and PSCAD server 304. Wherein, a model is built on a PSCAD platform, and the wind generating set 303 can be connected with a test power grid 301 through a transformer 302. The PSCAD server 304 may be connected to the test grid 301 and the wind park 303, respectively. The test grid 301 may select a section of the grid with a preset short-circuit capacity ratio. For example, a grid with short circuit capacities of 2, 4, 6, 8. The smaller the value of the short-circuit capacity ratio, the weaker the grid and the more susceptible it is to interference. For example, a network with a short-circuit capacity ratio of 2 or 4 belongs to a weaker network. The transformer 302 may be configured to transform the voltage output by the wind turbine 303 and transmit the voltage to the test grid 301. The wind park 303 may be a permanent magnet direct drive wind park or other type of generator. The wind generating set 303 may be configured to execute a low voltage ride through mode after a short circuit fault occurs in the test grid; and after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, ending the low-voltage ride through mode, and performing reactive compensation on the test power grid by the wind generating set according to the recovery slope in the preset range. The PSCAD server 304 may have PSCAD platform software installed. The PSCAD server 304 may be used to simulate low voltage ride through control of the wind park 303 on a PSCAD platform.
It is understood that the number and configuration of the test grid 301, the transformer 102, the wind turbine generator system 103 and the PSCAD server 104 in the simulation system may be flexibly set according to requirements, for example, the transformer 302 is changed into a current transformer. This aspect is not limiting.
Next, a large data volume simulation experiment is performed by using the simulation lower diagram, for example, the following first, second, third, and fourth control strategies are applied, so as to obtain a gradually optimized voltage control mode. The optimized voltage control mode can prevent the impact on the power grid caused by the low voltage ride through of the wind generating set. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the data obtained by the simulation of the simulation system may be applied in the voltage control of an actual wind farm.
Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of per unit values of grid voltage positive sequence components obtained by an experiment according to a first control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of per unit value of the reactive current output of the wind turbine obtained by the first control strategy experiment according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the short-circuit capacity ratio of the power grid is 4, the three-phase symmetric short-circuit fault occurs in the 1.5 th time after the experiment is started, the fault is cleared in the 2.36 th time, and the reactive current recovery slope K1 (namely the current change speed X1) is 10pu/s after the short-circuit fault is cleared. The following simulation experiment was performed according to the first control strategy.
Referring to fig. 4(a), after the simulation is started, because the grid voltage is relatively low, the fan sends out capacitive reactive current of 0.25pu under the instruction of the main controller, the grid voltage is raised to 1pu, and the system operates stably.
1.5s, the power grid has short-circuit fault, and the voltage of the power grid drops to 0.2 pu. And the fan detects voltage drop and enters a low voltage ride through mode. The reactive current instruction sent by the main control to the converter is cut off, and the converter directly sends 1pu capacitive reactive current to the power grid according to the voltage drop depth so as to help the power grid voltage to be raised to about 0.31 pu.
And 2.36s, clearing the grid fault, and enabling the fan to exit the low-voltage ride through mode and recover the idle command of the master control. At the 2.36 th s moment of fault clearance, the grid voltage steps to about 1.10pu, then drops to 1.00pu at 3.30s, and then stabilizes at 1.00 pu.
Referring to fig. 4(b), after the simulation is started, because the grid voltage is relatively low, the fan sends out 0.25pu capacitive reactive current under the instruction of the main controller, the grid voltage is raised to 1pu, and the system operates stably.
At 1.5s, a short-circuit fault occurs, and the reactive current rises from 0.25pu to 1.18pu and then stabilizes to 1.02 pu.
And 2.36s, clearing the fault, and at the moment that the reactive current control is switched back to the main control by the converter after the fault is cleared, the reactive current firstly drops to 0, and then is directly stepped to 0.25pu of the main control command.
Thus, it can be seen that: the step in reactive current at 2.36s in fig. 4(b) causes the grid voltage in fig. 4(a) to surge, which is momentarily raised to about 1.09pu and then slowly dropped to the nominal 1 pu. In a wind field with a large number of fans or a weak system, the step change of the reactive current can cause more serious impact on the grid voltage.
Therefore, the first control strategy in the embodiment of the invention cannot be applied to the low voltage ride through control of the actual wind turbine generator set, and needs to be improved.
Fig. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of per unit values of the grid voltage positive sequence components obtained by the second control strategy experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of per unit value of the reactive current output of the wind turbine obtained by the second control strategy experiment according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the short-circuit capacity ratio of the power grid is 4, the three-phase symmetric short-circuit fault occurs at the 1.5 th time after the experiment is started, the fault is cleared at the 2.36 th time, and the reactive current recovery slope K2 (namely the current change speed X2) is 1pu/s after the short-circuit fault is cleared. The following simulation experiment was performed according to the second control strategy.
Referring to fig. 5(a), after the simulation is started, because the grid voltage is relatively low, the fan sends out capacitive reactive current of 0.25pu under the instruction of the main controller, the grid voltage is raised to 1pu, and the system operates stably.
1.5s, the power grid has short-circuit fault, and the voltage of the power grid drops to 0.2 pu. And the fan detects voltage drop and enters a low voltage ride through mode. The reactive current instruction sent by the main control to the converter is cut off, and the converter directly sends 1pu capacitive reactive current to the power grid according to the voltage drop depth so as to help the power grid voltage to be raised to about 0.31 pu.
And 2.36s, clearing the grid fault, and enabling the fan to exit the low-voltage ride through mode and recover the idle command of the master control. At the 2.36 th s moment of fault clearing, the grid voltage rises from 1.00pu to 1.08pu, then drops to 1.00pu at the 3.30 th s, and then stabilizes at 1.00 pu.
Referring to fig. 5(b), after the simulation is started, because the grid voltage is relatively low, the fan sends out 0.25pu capacitive reactive current under the instruction of the main controller, the grid voltage is raised to 1pu, and the system operates stably.
At 1.5s, a short-circuit fault occurs, and the reactive current rises from 0.25pu to 1.18pu and then stabilizes to 1.02 pu.
And 2.36s fault clearing, namely, at the moment that the reactive current control is switched back to the main control by the converter after the fault clearing, the reactive current firstly falls to 0, and then is recovered to the main control instruction value of 0.25pu before the fault according to the recovery slope of about 1 pu/s.
Thus, it can be seen that: the change of the reactive current of the second strategy of the embodiment of the invention is slower than that of the first strategy, and the recovery slope K2(1pu/s) is less than K1(10 pu/s). The second strategy can reduce the impact on the grid voltage caused by the reactive current step change after the low voltage ride through fault is cleared, but the reactive current recovery rate still causes certain impact on the grid.
Therefore, the second control strategy in the embodiment of the invention cannot be applied to the low voltage ride through control of the actual wind turbine generator set, and needs to be improved.
Fig. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of per unit values of the grid voltage positive sequence components obtained by the experiment according to the third control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6(b) is a schematic diagram of per unit value of the reactive current output of the wind turbine obtained by the experiment according to the third control strategy in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the short-circuit capacity ratio of the power grid is 4, the three-phase symmetric short-circuit fault occurs at the 1.5 th time after the experiment is started, the fault is cleared at the 2.36 th time, and the reactive current recovery slope K3 (namely the current change speed X3) is 0.42pu/s after the short-circuit fault is cleared. The following simulation experiment was performed according to the third control strategy.
Referring to fig. 6(a), after the simulation is started, because the grid voltage is relatively low, the fan sends out capacitive reactive current of 0.25pu under the instruction of the main controller, the grid voltage is raised to 1pu, and the system operates stably.
1.5s, the power grid has short-circuit fault, and the voltage of the power grid drops to 0.2 pu. And the fan detects voltage drop and enters a low voltage ride through mode. The reactive current instruction sent by the main control to the converter is cut off, and the converter directly sends 1pu capacitive reactive current to the power grid according to the voltage drop depth to help the power grid voltage to be raised to about 0.31 pu.
And 2.36s, clearing the grid fault, and enabling the fan to exit the low-voltage ride through mode and recover the idle command of the master control. At the 2.36 th moment of fault clearance, the grid voltage rises to 1.04pu at 3.00s, then drops to 1.00pu at 3.30s, and then stabilizes at 1.00 pu.
Referring to fig. 6(b), after the simulation is started, because the grid voltage is relatively low, the fan sends out 0.25pu capacitive reactive current under the instruction of the main controller, the grid voltage is raised to 1pu, and the system operates stably.
At 1.5s, a short-circuit fault occurs, and the reactive current rises from 0.25pu to 1.18pu and then stabilizes to 1.01 pu.
2.36s, fault clearance. At the instant when the reactive current control is switched back from the converter to the master after the fault is cleared, the reactive current drops to 0 first and then recovers to the pre-fault master command value of 0.25pu with a slope of about 0.42 pu/s.
Thus, it can be seen that: the change of the reactive current of the third strategy of the embodiment of the invention is slower than that of the second strategy, and the recovery slope K3(0.42pu/s) is less than K2(1 pu/s). The third strategy can reduce the impact on the grid voltage caused by the reactive current step change after the voltage ride-through fault is cleared, but the reactive current recovery rate still causes certain impact on the grid.
Therefore, the third control strategy in the embodiment of the invention cannot be applied to the low voltage ride through control of the actual wind turbine generator set, and needs to be improved. The value of the rate of change of current X3 still needs to be optimized.
Fig. 7(a) is a schematic diagram of per unit values of the grid voltage positive sequence components obtained by the experiment according to the fourth control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7(b) is a schematic diagram of per unit value of the reactive current output of the wind turbine obtained by the experiment according to the fourth control strategy in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the short-circuit capacity ratio of the power grid is 4, the three-phase symmetric short-circuit fault occurs at the 1.5 th time after the experiment is started, the fault is cleared at the 2.36 th time, and the reactive current recovery slope K4 (namely the current change speed X4) is 0.27pu/s after the short-circuit fault is cleared. The following simulation experiment was performed according to the fourth control strategy.
Referring to fig. 7(a), after the simulation is started, because the grid voltage is relatively low, the fan sends out capacitive reactive current of 0.25pu under the instruction of the main controller, the grid voltage is raised to 1pu, and the system operates stably.
1.5s, the power grid has short-circuit fault, and the voltage of the power grid drops to 0.2 pu. And the fan detects voltage drop and enters a low voltage ride through mode. The reactive current instruction sent by the main control to the converter is cut off, and the converter directly sends 1pu capacitive reactive current to the power grid according to the voltage drop depth to help the power grid voltage to be raised to about 0.31 pu.
And 2.36s, clearing the grid fault, and enabling the fan to exit the low-voltage ride through mode and recover the idle command of the master control. At the 2.36s moment of fault clearance, the power grid is stabilized at 1.00pu after slight fluctuation.
Referring to fig. 7(b), after the simulation is started, because the grid voltage is relatively low, the fan sends out 0.25pu capacitive reactive current under the instruction of the main controller, the grid voltage is raised to 1pu, and the system operates stably.
At 1.5s, a short-circuit fault occurs, and the reactive current rises from 0.25pu to 1.18pu and then stabilizes to 1.02 pu.
And 2.36s fault clearing, namely, at the moment that the reactive current control is switched back to the main control by the converter after the fault clearing, the reactive current firstly falls to 0, and then is recovered to the main control instruction value of 0.25pu before the fault according to the slope of about 0.27 pu/s.
Thus, it can be seen that: the change in reactive current in the fourth strategy is slower than in the third strategy. The strategy does not impact the power grid voltage, so that the power grid voltage is stably recovered to 1 pu.
Therefore, for a weaker power grid (taking a short-circuit capacity ratio of 4 as an example), the strategy that the reactive current after low-voltage ride-through is recovered to the instruction value before the fault according to the slope of about 0.27pu/s is more appropriate can eliminate the impact on the power grid voltage caused by the step change of the reactive current after the low-voltage ride-through fault is cleared, improve the friendliness of the wind turbine generator to the power grid, and especially help to improve the stability of the system in a weaker area of the power grid.
In addition, other simulation results can be as follows:
when the short-circuit capacity ratio of the power grid is 10, the reactive power recovery slope of about 0.78pu/s can enable the voltage of the power grid to be smoothly recovered to 1pu after the voltage fault.
When the short-circuit capacity ratio of the power grid is 8, the reactive power recovery slope of about 0.51pu/s can enable the voltage of the power grid to be stably recovered to 1pu after the voltage fault.
When the short-circuit capacity ratio of the power grid is 6, the reactive power recovery slope of about 0.35pu/s can enable the voltage of the power grid to be stably recovered to 1pu after the voltage fault.
When the short-circuit capacity ratio of the power grid is 2, the reactive power recovery slope of about 0.21pu/s can enable the voltage of the power grid to be stably recovered to 1pu after the voltage fault.
From the above analysis it can be learned that: (1) the smaller the short-circuit capacity ratio is, the smaller the numerical value of the reactive current recovery slope is; (2) under the premise of the same short-circuit capacity ratio, the smaller the value of the reactive current recovery slope is, the smaller the impact of the reactive current step change on the grid voltage is.
The above embodiment may be an optimization strategy for controlling the reactive current emitted by the wind turbine at the moment of fault recovery after a high voltage or low voltage ride through. The influence on the voltage of the power grid caused by the step change of the reactive current is minimized, and the fan can be ensured to have more friendly performance on the weak power grid. In addition, a change rule between the short-circuit capacity ratio and the reactive current recovery slope is provided, and a theoretical basis is provided for reactive current control in a wind field with more fans or a system with weaker fans.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a low voltage ride through control device of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus 800 may include: the reactive compensation system comprises a parameter monitoring unit 810, a fault judging unit 820, a mode executing unit 830 and a reactive compensation unit 840. The parameter monitoring unit 810 may be configured to monitor an electrical quantity parameter of the power grid in real time; the fault determination unit 820 may be configured to determine whether a short-circuit fault occurs in the power grid based on the electrical quantity parameter; the mode execution unit 830 may be configured to generate a short-circuit fault and execute a low voltage ride through mode; the reactive compensation unit 840 may be configured to eliminate a short-circuit fault, end the low voltage ride through mode, and perform recovery compensation on the power grid according to a recovery slope of a preset range by the wind turbine generator system according to the short-circuit capacity ratio.
In some embodiments, on the basis of the embodiment of fig. 8, a low voltage ride through control simulation system of the wind turbine generator set can be added.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a low voltage ride through control simulation system of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 9, the architecture 900 of the simulation system may include: a model generation unit 910, a fault simulation unit 920, a compensation simulation unit 930, an impact determination unit 940, and a range acquisition unit 950. The model generating unit 910 may be configured to access the wind generating set to a test grid with a preset short-circuit capacity through a transformer, and generate a fan grid-connected model; the fault simulation unit 920 can be used for simulating and testing that the short-circuit fault occurs in the power grid first and then the short-circuit fault is eliminated by using the PSCAD platform; the compensation simulation unit 930 may be configured to perform reactive compensation on the test grid by using the wind turbine generator set according to a specified recovery slope after the short-circuit fault is eliminated; the impact determination unit 940 may be configured to determine whether the test grid can bear voltage impact caused by reactive compensation when receiving reactive compensation; the range acquisition unit 950 may be configured to acquire a preset range of the recovery slope that can withstand the voltage shock.
It should be noted that the implementation manner of the functional units shown in the embodiments of the present invention may be hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, it may be, for example, an electronic circuit, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), suitable firmware, plug-in, function card, or the like. When implemented in software, the elements of the invention are the programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. The program or code segments may be stored in a machine-readable medium or transmitted by a data signal carried in a carrier wave over a transmission medium or a communication link. A "machine-readable medium" may include any medium that can store or transfer information. Examples of a machine-readable medium include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, Erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, Radio Frequency (RF) links, and so forth. The code segments may be downloaded via computer networks such as the internet, intranet, etc.
In some embodiments, the recovery slope is positively correlated to the short circuit capacity ratio.
In some embodiments, the recovery slope is positively correlated to the voltage surge.
In some embodiments, the preset range of recovery slopes may include: when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.20pu/s and less than 0.22 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.26pu/s and less than 0.28 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.34pu/s and less than 0.36 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.50pu/s and less than 0.52 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 10, the preset range of the recovery slope is more than 0.77pu/s and less than 0.79 pu/s.
In some embodiments, restoring the slope may include: when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the recovery slope is 0.21 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the recovery slope is 0.27 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the recovery slope is 0.35 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the recovery slope is 0.51 pu/s; when the short circuit capacity ratio was 10, the recovery slope was 0.78 pu/s.
In some embodiments, the electrical quantity parameter may include: a grid voltage positive sequence component.
It should be noted that the apparatuses of the above embodiments can be used as execution subjects of the methods of the above embodiments, and can implement corresponding flows in the methods. In addition, the apparatuses of the above embodiments correspond to the methods of the above embodiments, and both have similar functions, so that similar technical problems can be solved, and both can be referred to by reference. For brevity, this aspect is not described in detail.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus and system are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A low voltage ride through control method of a wind generating set is characterized by comprising the following steps:
monitoring the electric quantity parameters of the power grid in real time;
judging whether the power grid has a short-circuit fault or not based on the electrical quantity parameter;
if the short-circuit fault occurs, executing a low-voltage ride-through mode;
after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, ending the low-voltage ride through mode, and restoring reactive compensation to the power grid by the wind generating set according to a reactive current restoration slope in a preset range according to a short-circuit capacity ratio; wherein,
the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope includes:
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.20pu/s and less than 0.22 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.26pu/s and less than 0.28 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.34pu/s and less than 0.36 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.50pu/s and less than 0.52 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 10, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.77pu/s and less than 0.79 pu/s.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring the electrical quantity parameter of the power grid in real time is preceded by:
the method comprises the steps that a wind generating set is connected into a testing power grid with a preset short-circuit capacity ratio through a transformer to generate a voltage control model;
simulating the short-circuit fault of the test power grid by using an electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD platform, and then eliminating the short-circuit fault;
after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, restoring reactive compensation to the test power grid by utilizing the wind generating set according to a preset reactive current restoration slope;
judging whether the test power grid can bear voltage impact caused by the reactive compensation when receiving the reactive compensation;
and acquiring the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope capable of bearing voltage impact.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the reactive current recovery slope is positively correlated to the short circuit capacity ratio.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the reactive current recovery slope is positively correlated to the voltage surge.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reactive current recovery slope comprises:
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.21 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.27 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.35 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.51 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 10, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.78 pu/s.
6. The method according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the electrical quantity parameter comprises: a grid voltage positive sequence component.
7. A low voltage ride through control device of a wind generating set is characterized by comprising:
the parameter monitoring unit is used for monitoring the electric quantity parameters of the power grid in real time;
the fault judgment unit is used for judging whether the power grid has a short-circuit fault or not based on the electrical quantity parameter;
a mode execution unit for executing a low voltage ride through mode when the short fault occurs;
the reactive compensation unit is used for ending the low voltage ride through mode after the short circuit fault is eliminated, and restoring reactive compensation to the power grid by the wind generating set according to a reactive current restoration slope in a preset range according to a short circuit capacity ratio; wherein,
the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope includes:
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.20pu/s and less than 0.22 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.26pu/s and less than 0.28 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.34pu/s and less than 0.36 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.50pu/s and less than 0.52 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 10, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.77pu/s and less than 0.79 pu/s.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
the model generation unit is used for connecting the wind generating set to a test power grid with a preset short-circuit capacity ratio through a transformer to generate a voltage control model;
the fault simulation unit is used for simulating the short-circuit fault of the test power grid by using a PSCAD platform and then eliminating the short-circuit fault;
the compensation simulation unit is used for restoring reactive compensation to the test power grid by utilizing the wind generating set according to a preset reactive current restoration slope after the short-circuit fault is eliminated;
the impact judgment unit is used for judging whether the test power grid can bear voltage impact caused by the reactive compensation when receiving the reactive compensation;
and the range acquisition unit is used for acquiring the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope capable of bearing voltage impact.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reactive current recovery slope is positively correlated to the short circuit capacity ratio.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reactive current recovery slope is positively correlated to the voltage surge.
11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the reactive current recovery slope comprises:
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.21 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.27 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.35 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.51 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 10, the reactive current recovery slope is 0.78 pu/s.
12. The arrangement according to any of claims 7-11, wherein the electrical quantity parameter comprises: a grid voltage positive sequence component.
13. A low voltage ride through simulation system of a wind generating set is characterized by comprising:
testing the power grid;
the wind generating set is connected with the test power grid and used for executing a low-voltage ride-through mode after the test power grid has a short-circuit fault; after the short-circuit fault is eliminated, ending the low-voltage ride through mode, and restoring reactive compensation to the test power grid by the wind generating set according to a restoring slope in a preset range according to a short-circuit capacity ratio;
the transformer is respectively connected with the test power grid and the wind driven generator and used for transforming the voltage output by the wind driven generator set and then transmitting the voltage to the test power grid;
the PSCAD server is respectively connected with the test power grid and the wind generating set and used for simulating low voltage ride through control of the wind generating set on a PSCAD platform; wherein,
the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope includes:
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 2, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.20pu/s and less than 0.22 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 4, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.26pu/s and less than 0.28 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 6, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.34pu/s and less than 0.36 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 8, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.50pu/s and less than 0.52 pu/s;
when the short circuit capacity ratio is 10, the preset range of the reactive current recovery slope is greater than 0.77pu/s and less than 0.79 pu/s.
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| CN108242821B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-04-05 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Fault ride-through control method and device and wind generating set |
| CN111082473B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2024-07-12 | 国网西藏电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Station-level reactive power coordination control method and system |
| CN113346559B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-09-27 | 合肥工业大学 | Low-voltage ride-through power switching control method for direct-drive wind power system under extremely weak grid |
| CN113922428A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-11 | 重庆海装风电工程技术有限公司 | Reactive output control method and system of wind generating set |
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