CN106920880A - A kind of perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106920880A CN106920880A CN201610948851.8A CN201610948851A CN106920880A CN 106920880 A CN106920880 A CN 106920880A CN 201610948851 A CN201610948851 A CN 201610948851A CN 106920880 A CN106920880 A CN 106920880A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/10—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors
- H10K30/15—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2
- H10K30/151—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2 the wide bandgap semiconductor comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
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- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/40—Thermal treatment, e.g. annealing in the presence of a solvent vapour
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof, by adding appropriate polyvinyl alcohol in precursor liquid（PVA）The film morphology of calcium titanium ore bed is improved, the life-span of photic carrier is increased, the photoelectric transformation efficiency of battery is effectively raised.Due to the water absorbing properties of PVA, appropriate addition is also greatly improved the humidity stability of material, enables the output of holding prolonged stabilization efficiency of the perovskite battery under high humidity environment.The lower cost for material such as this kind of water soluble polymer used at the same time, are conducive to the large area of battery to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of solar batteries, more particularly to a kind of perovskite solar cell and its preparation side
Method.
Background technology
The supply of the energy and ambient influnence become 21 century since one of the maximum challenge that is faced of the mankind, can be again
Effective utilization in production-goods source is the only way of energy sustainable development.It is more and more with the decline of solar cell price
Researcher rank among photovoltaic ranks.Organic and inorganic, hydridization perovskite material is in photoelectric material, laser, luminescent device and photoelectricity
The fields such as detector show that outstanding performance causes extensive concern both domestic and external with further investigation.Its advantage is very prominent：
1. excellent absorbing properties；2. carrier diffusion length is long；3. carrier lifetime is long；4. exciton binding energy is small.Perovskite
Solar cell is a kind of photovoltaic system for using perovskite material as the new organic inorganic hybridization of light absorbing zone, is compared
Its electricity conversion is high with the solar cell of other species, and preparation is simple, abundant raw materials, Commercial Prospect
Good and its efficiency in 6 years, phototranstormation efficiency from the beginning 3.8% increased to 22.%.The perovskite for preparing is thin
The crystallinity of film is high, defect is few, while having the characteristic of itself again, is expected to turn into follow-on commercial solar cell.It is existing
Some perovskite solar cells are as a result of TiO2Compacted zone, result in it and substantial amounts of lacking is there is between perovskite
The formation for being unfavorable for full die is fallen into, simultaneously because perovskite material easily meets water under atmospheric environment resolves into PbI2 With
CH3NH3I result in the unstable of device, therefore the preparation of perovskite battery is prepared in glove box, and to water content
There are strict requirements, seriously limit that perovskite battery is aerial normally to be used, so as to limit such solar-electricity
The commercial applications in pond.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：Overcome perovskite battery more difficult reality in commercial applications in the prior art
A kind of existing technical problem, there is provided perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of perovskite solar cell is provided, including
Electro-conductive glass substrate, electron transfer layer, perovskite light absorbing zone, hole transmission layer and metal electrode, from the electro-conductive glass base
It is the electron transfer layer, perovskite light absorbing zone, hole transmission layer and metal electrode, institute that bottom starts to set gradually from lower to upper
Electron transfer layer is stated for TiO2 layers, the material of the perovskite light absorbing zone is the perovskite material for being added with polyvinyl alcohol.
Used as a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electro-conductive glass substrate is FTO electro-conductive glass, and the hole passes
Defeated layer is spiro-OMeTAD, and the metal electrode is Au.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of perovskite solar cell, including：
（1）After being cleaned by ultrasonic to electro-conductive glass substrate with washing powder, water, acetone, ethanol, dried up with nitrogen, and carry out 10 min
Oxygen plasma treatment；
（2）Using Ticl4The method of aqueous solution soaking prepares electron transfer layer, and the h of constant temperature 1 at 70 DEG C, then with water and ethanol
Cleaning and dried up with nitrogen successively, then to put it into and be incubated 1h in 100 DEG C of baking ovens；
（3）Perovskite precursor liquid is spin-coated on electron transfer layer using a step spin-coating method, then anneals 5 at 100 DEG C
Min, obtains perovskite light absorbing zone；
（4）Hole transmission layer solution is spin-coated on the perovskite light absorbing zone using spin-coating method, obtains hole transmission layer；
（5）Metal electrode is deposited with the hole transport layer using vacuum vapour deposition, finally gives perovskite solar-electricity
Pond.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, step（2）Described in Ticl4The aqueous solution is organotitanium precursor body
Solution, its preparation process is：By the Ticl of 2.3 ml4Both obtained after being dissolved in the water of 100 ml and stirring.
Used as a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water of 100 ml is by 40 ml ice and 60 ml water structures
Into.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, step（3）Described in perovskite precursor liquid concentration be 1.2 mol
L-1；The amount of the PVA of addition is 0 mg mL-1、2 mg mL-1、3 mg mL-1、5 mg mL-1；Solvent is N, N- dimethyl formyls
Amine：Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)=4：6；Solution allocation method：The PVA that will be added in advance is dissolved in 70 DEG C of mixed solvent, is treated
Its Temperature fall is to the CH that 0.191 g is added after room temperature3NH3The PbI of I and 0.553 g2；Spin coating proceeding is the r of low speed 1000
The s of spin coating 20, the high speed s of 6000 r spin coatings 55, wherein, after high speed 25 s of spin coating, the chlorobenzene of 500 μ L need to quickly be added dropwise
On substrate.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, step（3）Described in perovskite light absorbing zone thickness be 450
nm。
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, step（4）Described in the configuration process of hole transmission layer solution be：
It is 520 mg mL-1 by the spiro-OMeTAD of 72.3 mg, the tert .-butylpyridines of 4- mono- of 28.8 μ L, the concentration of 17.5 μ L
Double fluoroform sulfonephthalein imine lithium second eyeball solution stir 4 h in being dissolved in the chlorobenzene solution of 1 mL；The spin coating proceeding is：At a high speed
The s of 5000r spin coatings 30.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, step（5）Described in metal electrode be Au, the evaporation condition
For：Air pressure is 1.0-5Pa, evaporation rate is 0.1 am/s, and the metal electrode thickness is 80 nm；The perovskite solar energy
The area of battery is 0.07cm2。
The beneficial effect of perovskite solar cell of the invention and preparation method thereof is that 1. the present invention is preparing calcium titanium
During ore deposit light-absorption layer, PVA is first allowed to prepare perovskite solution again after dissolving using predissolve, when spin-coating film annealing process
Afterwards, the volume that perovskite crystal grain is reunited becomes much larger, and originally scattered less crystal grain becomes even closer and joins together, effectively
The space for reducing film, the pattern of film is improved, while the UV absorption of film becomes strong, so as to improve the light of device
Photoelectric transformation efficiency；2. the present invention the device being prepared into relative humidity be 85-85 % in the environment of place one month after most
Height has remained in that the efficiency of 95 more than %, is that being applied under high humidity environment for perovskite solar cell provides base
Plinth；The perovskite preparation method of solar battery that the present invention is used is simple, and efficiency high, low cost, good stability is advantageously implemented
In the industrialized production in humidity region high, and the performance of the solar cell for obtaining improves a lot.
Brief description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to illustrate more clearly the embodiments of the present invention, below will be to that will use needed for embodiment description
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without having to pay creative labor, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.Wherein：
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the perovskite solar cell in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of shape appearance figure of the perovskite light absorbing zone of the perovskite solar cell in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of Cross Section Morphology figure of the perovskite light absorbing zone of the perovskite solar cell in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that a kind of J-V of perovskite solar cell in the present invention with unmodified battery under standard test condition is bent
Line comparison diagram；
Fig. 5 is that a kind of perovskite solar cell in the present invention is schemed with unmodified stability test efficiency comparative；
Fig. 6 is that a kind of perovskite thin film of the perovskite solar cell in the present invention and unmodified perovskite thin film change contrast
Figure.
Specific embodiment
To enable the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious understandable, presently in connection with accompanying drawing to the present invention
It is described in further detail.These accompanying drawings are simplified schematic diagram, and basic structure of the invention is only illustrated in a schematic way,
Therefore it only shows the composition relevant with the present invention.
A kind of perovskite solar cell of the present invention, including：Substrate, electrode material and gel-like electrolyte.For
Readily appreciate, in conjunction with embodiment introduction：
" one embodiment " or " embodiment " referred to herein refers to that may be included in the spy at least one implementation of the invention
Determine feature, structure or characteristic." in one embodiment " that different places occur in this manual not refers both to same reality
Example is applied, nor the single or selective embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiment.
Fig. 1 is referred to, Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the perovskite solar cell in the present invention.As shown in figure 1,
The perovskite solar cell that the present invention is provided, including electro-conductive glass substrate 101, electron transfer layer 102, perovskite light absorbing zone
103, hole transmission layer 104 and metal electrode 105, it is institute to be set gradually from lower to upper since the electro-conductive glass substrate 101
State electron transfer layer 102, perovskite light absorbing zone 103, hole transmission layer 104 and metal electrode 105, the electron transfer layer
102 is TiO2Layer, the material of the perovskite light absorbing zone 103 is the perovskite material for being added with polyvinyl alcohol, wherein, calcium titanium
Ore deposit light absorbing zone 103 can be the CH for adding not same amount PVA3NH3PbI3Layer, the electro-conductive glass substrate 101 is FTO conductive
Glass, the hole transmission layer 104 is spiro-OMeTAD, and the metal electrode 105 is Au.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the perovskite solar cell of said structure, below by embodiment 1 and in fact
Example 2 is applied to introduce：
Embodiment 1
Step 1：The preparation of electro-conductive glass substrate：By FTO transparent conducting glass in order respectively in washing powder, deionized water, third
It is each in ketone and absolute ethyl alcohol to be cleaned by ultrasonic 20 minutes, FTO transparent conducting glass is carried out at oxygen plasma after nitrogen drying
Reason 10 minutes.
Step 2：The preparation of electron transfer layer：Using the Ticl of high concentration4（200 mM）It is prepared by the method for aqueous solution soaking
TiO2 Compacted zone, and in 70 DEG C of h of constant temperature 1, successively with water and ethanol clean successively and with nitrogen dry up and with 100 DEG C in be incubated
1 h, naturally cools to room temperature and obtains TiO2 Compacted zone, wherein Ticl4The compound method of the aqueous solution is：By the Ticl of 2.3 ml4
Both obtained after being dissolved in the water of 100 ml and stirring.Wherein, the key in step 2 is Ticl4The preparation and immersion of the aqueous solution
Processing procedure afterwards, the step is to TiO2 The ability of regulation and control of compacted zone performance is particularly pertinent, is conducive to the electronics for improving this layer to pass
Defeated performance, has obviously improvement result to the electricity conversion of device.
Step 3：The preparation of perovskite light-absorption layer：Perovskite precursor liquid is spin-coated to by TiO using a step spin-coating method2It is fine and close
On layer, then anneal 5 min at 100 DEG C, obtains perovskite light absorbing zone, in this step the crystallization row of calcium titanium ore bed and
Thickness has even more important influence to the electricity conversion of device, and this step is by taking optimal PVA additions（2 mg
mL-1）Perovskite precursor liquid is prepared, while using optimal concentration（1.2 mol L-1）, optimal solvent N, N- dimethyl formyl
Amine（DMF）：Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)（DMSO）= 4：6, optimal spin coating proceeding：The s of 6000 r spin coatings 55 at a high speed, when high speed spin coating 25
The chlorobenzene of 500 μ L quickly will be added dropwise on substrate after s, the thickness of the perovskite thin film of acquisition layer about in 450 nm or so,
The perovskite light-absorption layer of superior performance is finally given.
Step 4：The preparation of hole transmission layer：Hole transmission layer is that light excites the transmission channel for producing hole, while can be with
Stop that electronics enters this layer, reduce the compound probability in electronics and hole, improve the photoelectric transformation efficiency of solar cell.This step
Take spin-coating method spin coating hole transmission layer.Wherein, the optimum speed of the hole transmission layer spin coating is：5000 r spin coatings at a high speed
30 s, the configuration process of hole transmission layer solution is：By the spiro-OMeTAD of 72.3 mg, the tert-butyl group pyrroles of 4- mono- of 28.8 μ L
Pyridine, the concentration of 17.5 μ L are 520 mg mL-1Double fluoroform sulfonephthalein imine lithium second eyeball solution are dissolved in the chlorobenzene solution of 1 mL
Stir 4 h.
Step 5：The preparation of metal electrode：The present invention using gold as perovskite solar cell metal electrode, can be with
Effectively collect hole and it is to efficiently transmit external circuit.Gold can reduce the diffusion to hole transmission layer simultaneously.This step
Suddenly by the preparation for carrying out gold electrode of vacuum vapour deposition, evaporation condition is：Air pressure is 1.0-5Pa, evaporation rate is 0.1 am/
S, metal electrode thickness is：80 nm；The area of battery is 0.07cm2。
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is distinguished as with embodiment 1：The content of the PVA added in precursor liquid in step 3 is 3 mg mL-1, its
Remaining step is same as Example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is distinguished as with embodiment 1：Without addition PVA, remaining step and the phase of embodiment 1 in precursor liquid in step 3
Together.
Step 3 in above-mentioned two embodiment and a comparative example can carry out the contrast of perovskite light absorbing zone, tool
The shape appearance figure of the perovskite light absorbing zone that body refers to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, Fig. 2 are a kind of perovskite solar cell in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of Cross Section Morphology figure of the perovskite light absorbing zone of the perovskite solar cell in the present invention.As shown in Fig. 2 its
It is the pattern of the perovskite light-absorption layer prepared by a step spin coating proceeding.As shown in figure 3, it is to be prepared by a step spin coating proceeding
Perovskite extinction layer cross section pattern.By above-mentioned two figure, it is known that, in this step, using the perovskite of addition PVA
And one step spin-coating method can effectively control light absorbing zone thickness so that lifted light absorbing zone photoelectric properties.
Performance characterization：Fig. 4 is referred to, Fig. 4 is that a kind of perovskite solar cell in the present invention exists with unmodified battery
J-V curve comparison figures under standard test condition.As shown in figure 4, in embodiment 1, under standard test condition（AM 1.5G
Illumination）, the electricity conversion of perovskite solar cell prepared under this experiment condition reaches 17.4 %, and fill factor, curve factor is
0.747, open-circuit voltage is 1.02 V, and short circuit current is 22.76 mA cm-2。
The research of stability：Refer to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, Fig. 5 are a kind of perovskite solar cell in the present invention and do not change
Property stability test efficiency comparative figure；Fig. 6 is a kind of perovskite thin film of the perovskite solar cell in the present invention and do not change
Property perovskite thin film change comparison diagram.As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, embodiment 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 are placed on same higher levels of humidity
Under environment（85 - 95 %）, place one month and compare their photoelectric transformation efficiency.Embodiment 1 and 2 all keeps after one month
The efficiency of more than the % of its original 90, and comparative example 1 is just all decomposed after 5 days.
In sum, perovskite solar cell in the present invention, by adding appropriate PVA in precursor liquid, effectively
The pattern of film is improved, the coverage rate of film is increased, cell photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability is improved, a kind of resistance to height is constituted
The perovskite solar cell of humidity.
With above-mentioned according to desirable embodiment of the invention as enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff is complete
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention' entirely.The technology of this invention
Property scope is not limited to the content on specification, it is necessary to its technical scope is determined according to right.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of perovskite solar cell, including electro-conductive glass substrate, electron transfer layer, perovskite light absorbing zone, hole pass
Defeated layer and metal electrode, it is the electron transfer layer, perovskite to be set gradually from lower to upper since the electro-conductive glass substrate
Light absorbing zone, hole transmission layer and metal electrode, it is characterised in that：The electron transfer layer is TiO2Layer, the perovskite light
The material of absorbed layer is the perovskite material for being added with polyvinyl alcohol.
2. perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the electro-conductive glass substrate is led for FTO
Electric glass, the hole transmission layer is spiro-OMeTAD, and the metal electrode is Au.
3. a kind of preparation method of perovskite solar cell, it is characterised in that including：
（1）After being cleaned by ultrasonic to electro-conductive glass substrate with washing powder, water, acetone, ethanol, dried up with nitrogen, and carry out 10 min
Oxygen plasma treatment；
（2）Using Ticl4The method of aqueous solution soaking prepares electron transfer layer, and the h of constant temperature 1 at 70 DEG C, then with water and ethanol
Cleaning and dried up with nitrogen successively, then to put it into and be incubated 1h in 100 DEG C of baking ovens；
（3）Perovskite precursor liquid is spin-coated on electron transfer layer using a step spin-coating method, then anneals 5 at 100 DEG C
Min, obtains perovskite light absorbing zone；
（4）Hole transmission layer solution is spin-coated on the perovskite light absorbing zone using spin-coating method, obtains hole transmission layer；
（5）Metal electrode is deposited with the hole transport layer using vacuum vapour deposition, finally gives perovskite solar-electricity
Pond.
4. the preparation method of perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step（2）Described in
Ticl4The aqueous solution is organotitanium precursor liquid solution, and its preparation process is：By the Ticl of 2.3 ml4It is dissolved in the water of 100 ml
In and after stirring both.
5. the preparation method of perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the water of 100 ml
It is made up of 40 ml ice and 60 ml water.
6. the preparation method of perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step（3）Described in
The concentration of perovskite precursor liquid is 1.2 mol L-1；The amount of the PVA of addition is 0 mg mL-1、2 mg mL-1、3 mg mL-1、5
mg mL-1；Solvent is DMF：Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)=4：6；Solution allocation method：Will add in advance
PVA is dissolved in 70 DEG C of mixed solvent, after the CH that 0.191 g is added after its Temperature fall to room temperature3NH3I and 0.553 g
PbI2；Spin coating proceeding is the s of 1000 r spin coatings of low speed 20, at a high speed the s of 6000 r spin coatings 55, wherein, as the s of high speed spin coating 25
Afterwards, the chlorobenzene of 500 μ L quickly need to be added dropwise on substrate.
7. the preparation method of perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step（3）Described in
The thickness of perovskite light absorbing zone is 450 nm.
8. the preparation method of perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step（4）Described in
The configuration process of hole transmission layer solution is：By the spiro-OMeTAD of 72.3 mg, the tert .-butylpyridines of 4- mono- of 28.8 μ L,
The concentration of 17.5 μ L is that double fluoroform sulfonephthalein imine lithium second eyeball solution of 520 mg mL-1 are dissolved in the chlorobenzene solution of 1 mL
Stir 4 h；The spin coating proceeding is：The s of high speed 5000r spin coatings 30.
9. the preparation method of perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step（5）Described in
Metal electrode is Au, and the evaporation condition is：Air pressure is 1.0-5Pa, evaporation rate is 0.1 am/s, the metal electrode thickness
It is 80 nm；The area of the perovskite solar cell is 0.07cm2。
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| CN108807681A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-13 | 湖北大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of the perovskite solar cell electron transfer layer based on low temperature red schorl phase titanium dioxide nano stick |
| CN109166971A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江理工大学 | Enhance the perovskite solar cell preparation method of moisture resistance stability and photoelectric properties |
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| CN107994122A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-04 | 济南大学 | Zinc doping nickel oxide nanoparticle hole transmission layer is just putting perovskite solar cell and preparation method |
| CN108807681A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-13 | 湖北大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of the perovskite solar cell electron transfer layer based on low temperature red schorl phase titanium dioxide nano stick |
| CN108807681B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2021-12-21 | 湖北大学 | Perovskite solar cell based on low-temperature titanium dioxide nanorod |
| CN109166971A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江理工大学 | Enhance the perovskite solar cell preparation method of moisture resistance stability and photoelectric properties |
| CN111640870A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-08 | 西南石油大学 | Efficient perovskite solar cell and preparation method |
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