CN106917640B

CN106917640B - Turbine bladeless impeller, rotor and multi-channel turbine

Info

Publication number: CN106917640B
Application number: CN201710333464.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈晓兵
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-05-12
Filing date: 2017-05-12
Publication date: 2020-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2037-05-12
Also published as: CN106917640A

Abstract

The application provides a turbine bladeless impeller, a rotor and a multi-channel turbine, wherein the turbine bladeless impeller comprises a disc provided with a plurality of steam hole groups, and each steam hole group comprises at least one steam hole; several rows of steam holes are arranged around the center of the disk and circumferentially on the surface of the disk. The nozzle set on the steam inlet separation ring sprays steam, and the steam flow is limited by the inner wall of the steam hole to change the flow direction, so that torsion is generated on the inner wall of the steam hole to drive the rotor to rotate to do work. Therefore, the moving blade and the partition plate are not needed, and the phenomenon of fracture of the moving blade of the traditional steam turbine can be effectively prevented, so that the maintenance time and the maintenance cost are reduced; under the condition of same power with the traditional impeller type steam turbine, the volume of the steam turbine can be greatly reduced, and the difficulty and the manufacturing cost of a manufacturing process are reduced; and the steam flow has no axial force on the impeller, so that the axial acting force between the impeller and the main shaft is eliminated, the durability of the rotor is improved, and the energy consumption loss of the steam flow is reduced.

Description

Turbine bladeless impeller, rotor and multi-channel turbine

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of power equipment, in particular to a bladeless impeller of a steam turbine, a rotor and a multi-channel steam turbine.

Background

The steam turbine is power equipment which takes high-temperature steam as a working medium and converts the heat energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and is mainly used for driving various pumps, blowers, compressors and generators in the industrial process. Steam turbines are of a wide variety, but have substantially the same basic structure.

Referring to fig. 1, a conventional vane type steam turbine mainly includes a cylinder 1, a stator, and a rotor; the cylinder 1 separates the steam turbine from the external atmosphere to form a closed steam chamber; the stator comprises a clapboard groove arranged on the cylinder, a clapboard 2 arranged in the clapboard groove and a nozzle 3 fixed on the clapboard 2; the rotor comprises a main shaft 6 arranged along the longitudinal direction of the steam chamber, a wheel disc 5 arranged on the main shaft 6 and a moving blade 4 fixed on the wheel disc 5; the moving blades 4 are alternately arranged with the partitions 2. After steam enters the steam chamber, the steam expands in the nozzle 3, and further the heat energy is converted into kinetic energy; the high-speed steam output from the nozzle 3 flows through the rotor blade 4, and the rotor blade 4 is rotated to apply work, thereby converting the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy for rotating the rotor blade 4.

However, most of the moving blades of the vane turbine are in a shape of being spirally spread from a root to a tail end from a thick to a thin, and the geometric structure is complex, so that the processing production and the assembly are not facilitated; and because the centrifugal tensile stress of the moving blade is in direct proportion to the square of the rotating speed, the moving blade is easy to break due to overlarge centrifugal tensile stress under the condition of high-speed rotation, so that the stress of the rotor is uneven, the steam turbine vibrates, and the whole steam turbine is damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a turbine bladeless impeller, a rotor and a multi-channel turbine, which aim to solve the problem that blades are broken due to overlarge centrifugal tension under the condition that the traditional bladed impeller rotates at a high speed.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine, comprising a disc provided with a plurality of rows of steam port groups, each row of steam port group comprising at least one steam port;

the steam hole groups are arranged around the center of the disc and are arranged on the surface of the disc in the circumferential direction;

the series of steam holes are used for applying energy to steam or obtaining energy from the steam so as to rotate the disk.

In a second aspect, the present application further provides a steam turbine rotor comprising a main shaft having N pressure stages, N being a positive integer no less than 1;

each pressure stage is composed of a plurality of the turbine bladeless impellers;

the two surfaces of the disc of the turbine bladeless impeller adjacent to other pressure stages in each pressure stage are respectively provided with a plurality of steam hole groups, and each steam hole is a blind hole;

each steam hole of the bladeless impeller of the steam turbine in the pressure stage is a through hole;

the inner side surface of a disc of the bladeless turbine impeller positioned at two ends of the main shaft is provided with a plurality of steam hole groups, and each steam hole is a blind hole;

the outer side surface of the disc is provided with a dovetail-shaped balancing groove;

the balance groove is close to the edge of the disc.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a multi-channel steam turbine, including a casing surrounded by a cylinder, wherein the above-mentioned steam turbine rotor is arranged in the casing;

the inner wall of the shell is provided with a steam inlet spacer ring;

the bladeless impeller of each pressure stage of the steam turbine rotor and the steam inlet space ring are alternately arranged;

the steam inlet separation ring is provided with a steam channel and a steam nozzle group communicated with the steam channel;

the shell is provided with a steam inlet communicated with the steam channel, and the bottom of the shell is also provided with a steam outlet corresponding to each pressure level;

a steam seal is arranged between the bladeless impeller of the steam turbine adjacent to other pressure stages in each pressure stage and the cylinder;

the steam channel of the steam inlet separation ring corresponding to the first pressure level of the steam turbine rotor is connected with a guide pipe, and a main steam valve is arranged on the guide pipe;

and a steam outlet corresponding to the K-1 pressure level of the steam turbine rotor is connected with a steam inlet corresponding to the K pressure level through a conduit, and K is a positive integer not greater than N.

According to the technical scheme, the application provides a turbine bladeless impeller, a rotor and a multi-channel turbine, wherein the turbine bladeless impeller comprises a disc provided with a plurality of steam hole groups, and each steam hole group comprises at least one steam hole; the series of steam holes are arranged around the center of the disc and are arranged on the surface of the disc in the circumferential direction. The nozzle set on the steam inlet space ring sprays high-temperature steam, when steam flows through the steam hole, the steam flow is limited by the inner wall of the steam hole and is forced to change the flow direction, so that torsion is generated on the inner wall of the steam hole, the bladeless impeller rotates, and the rotor is driven to rotate to do work. Therefore, the moving blade and the partition plate are not needed, and the phenomenon of fracture of the moving blade of the traditional steam turbine can be effectively prevented, so that the maintenance time and the maintenance cost are reduced; under the condition that the power of the turbine is the same as that of a traditional impeller type turbine, the volume of the turbine can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the difficulty and the manufacturing cost of a manufacturing process are reduced; and the steam flow has no axial force on the bladeless impeller, so that the axial acting force between the bladeless impeller and the main shaft is eliminated, the durability of the rotor is improved, and the energy consumption loss of the steam flow is reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional impeller type steam turbine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 4 is a front view of another embodiment of a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine according to the present application

FIG. 5 is a rear view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of yet another embodiment of a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of yet another embodiment of a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a side view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the operation of a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 11 is a front elevational view of yet another embodiment of a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine provided herein;

FIG. 12 is a rear view of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 is a side view of FIG. 11;

FIG. 15 is a front elevational view of yet another embodiment of a bladeless wheel of a steam turbine provided herein;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a side view of FIG. 15;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of an inlet channel of a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of a steam turbine rotor provided herein;

FIG. 20 is a schematic illustration of a single pressure stage of a steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 21 is a schematic illustration of the steam injection passages and steam ports of a steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 22 is a schematic structural view of a bladeless wheel and nozzle assembly of a steam turbine according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 23 is a schematic illustration of the operation of a multiple path steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 24 is a schematic view of a rotor and nozzle arrangement of a multiple path steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 25 is a schematic structural view of a rotor and external components of a multiple path steam turbine provided herein;

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a steam injection spacer of a multiple path steam turbine according to the present application;

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 26;

fig. 28 is an overall structural view of a cylinder;

FIG. 29 is a top view of the lower cylinder;

FIG. 30 is a bottom view of the lower cylinder;

FIG. 31 is a bottom view of the upper cylinder;

fig. 32 is a top view of the lower cylinder.

Wherein, 1-cylinder, 2-clapboard, 3-nozzle, 4-moving blade, 5-wheel disc, 6-main shaft, 7-disc, 8-steam hole, 9-key slot, 10-main shaft hole, 11-steam inlet channel, 12-balance groove, 13-main oil pump, 14-speed gear, 15-emergency breaker, 16-positioning disc, 17-first shaft neck, 18-first shaft envelope, 19-first impeller, 20-third impeller, 21-second impeller, 22-second shaft envelope, 23-second shaft neck, 24-back wheel, 25-steam inlet ring, 26-steam jet, 27-steam channel, 28-steam inlet, 29-steam outlet, 30-steam jet channel, 31-main steam valve, 32-conduit, 33-a first bracket, 34-a first bearing box, 35-a support base plate, 36-a second bracket, 37-a second bearing box, 38-a combined bearing bush, 39-a lower cylinder, 40-an upper cylinder, 41-a lower steam inlet spacer and 42-an upper steam inlet spacer.

Detailed Description

In a first aspect, the present embodiment provides a bladeless impeller for a steam turbine, comprising a disc 7 provided with a plurality of rows of steam hole sets, each row of steam hole set comprising at least one steam hole 8;

the steam hole groups are arranged around the center of the disc 7 and are arranged on the surface of the disc 7 in the circumferential direction;

the series of steam holes are used to obtain energy from the steam to rotate the disk 7.

The center of the disc 7 can be provided with a key slot 9 which is communicated with a spindle hole 10 and the spindle hole.

When each row of steam hole groups includes a plurality of steam holes 8, as shown in fig. 2, the plurality of steam holes 8 of the same row of steam hole group may be arranged radially along the radius R of the disk 7 and extend from the center of the disk 7 toward the outer edge of the disk 7. The above is illustrative and the number of rows of steam port groups may be greater or lesser and the number of steam ports 8 per row of steam port groups may be greater or lesser.

Referring to fig. 3, when the steam flow formed by the high-temperature steam passes through the steam hole 8, the steam flow is restricted by the inner wall of the steam hole 8 and is forced to change the flow direction, so that a torsion force is generated on the inner wall of the steam hole 8, and the bladeless impeller rotates. Therefore, the non-blade impeller of the steam turbine provided by the embodiment of the application does not need moving blades, and can effectively prevent the moving blades of the traditional steam turbine from breaking, so that the maintenance time and the maintenance cost are reduced; meanwhile, the difficulty and the manufacturing cost of the manufacturing process are reduced.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, one surface of the disc 7 is provided with a plurality of steam hole sets, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole;

the other surface of the disc 7 is provided with a balance groove 12;

the balancing groove 12 is close to the edge of the disc 7.

Because the blade-free impeller of the steam turbine provided by the embodiment is only provided with the steam hole group on one surface, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole, namely does not penetrate through the disc 7; the other surface is provided with a balancing groove 12 close to the edge of the disc 7, a balancing mass can be placed in the balancing groove 12 for adjusting dynamic balance, and the problems that when the impeller rotates, the unbalanced centrifugal force acts on the main shaft 6 of the rotor to cause vibration, noise is generated, the abrasion of the main shaft 6 is accelerated, and the service life and the performance of the steam turbine are seriously influenced are solved. Thus, the vaneless turbine wheel is adapted to be mounted on both ends of a turbine rotor with the face provided with the steam vent sets facing the other wheel.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 6, both surfaces of the disc 7 are provided with several rows of steam holes, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole.

The two surfaces of the disk 7 of the turbine bladeless impeller provided by the embodiment are both provided with steam hole groups, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole, namely, the steam holes 8 in the same positions on the two surfaces of the disk 7 are not communicated, so that the turbine bladeless impeller is suitable for being installed at the adjacent positions of different pressure stages and used for isolating the steam pressure of the two pressure stages.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, each steam hole 8 is a through hole.

The present embodiment provides a bladeless impeller for steam turbines, wherein the steam holes 8 of the disk 7 are through holes, i.e. pass through the disk 7, so that the turbine impeller is suitable for being installed in a position within one pressure stage.

Optionally, each steam port 8 is circular in cross-section. The circular shape is easier to arrange than other shapes, such as an oval shape, is suitable for machining, and is beneficial to enhancing the strength of the impeller.

Further, as shown in fig. 7 to 17, an outer edge of each steam hole 8 is provided with a steam inlet channel 11 communicated with the steam hole 8, and the steam inlet channel 11 is located at one side of the steam inlet hole 8. The steam inlet channel 11 is beneficial to steam flow acting on the inner wall of the steam hole 8, so that steam inlet of the steam hole 8 is smooth, and vibration of the main shaft 6 of the rotor is prevented.

Further, as shown in fig. 18, each of the steam inlet passages 11 is a groove formed by a steam guide slope on the surface of the disc 7;

the height of the steam guide inclined plane is gradually reduced from one end far away from the corresponding steam hole 8 to one end connected with the steam hole 8.

Preferably, the height of the end of the steam guide slope away from the corresponding steam hole 8 is 6mm greater than that of the end connected with the steam hole 8, so that the strength of the impeller is not affected.

Further, the length of each steam hole 8 of each steam hole group corresponding to the steam inlet channel 11 gradually increases from the center of the disk 7 to the edge of the disk 7. The steam holes 8 at the edge of the disc 7 have a larger length corresponding to the steam inlet channel 11, so that the duration of continuous work of the steam flow can be prolonged, and a larger torsion force is generated.

In summary, the turbine bladeless impeller provided by the application does not need moving blades, and can effectively prevent the moving blades of the traditional turbine from breaking, so that the maintenance time and cost are reduced; meanwhile, the difficulty and the manufacturing cost of the manufacturing process are reduced.

In a second aspect, as shown in fig. 19, the present application provides a steam turbine rotor comprising a main shaft 6 having N pressure stages, N being a positive integer not less than 1;

a plurality of steam hole groups are arranged on two surfaces of a disc 7 of the turbine bladeless impeller adjacent to other pressure stages in each pressure stage, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole;

each steam hole 8 of the bladeless impeller of the steam turbine in the pressure stage is a through hole;

the inner side surfaces of the disks 7 of the bladeless impellers of the steam turbine positioned at the two ends of the main shaft 6 are provided with a plurality of steam hole groups, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole;

the outer side surface of the disc 7 is provided with a dovetail-shaped balancing groove 12;

the balancing groove 12 is close to the edge of the disc 7.

Optionally, a first journal 17 of the main shaft 6 is provided with a speed measuring gear 14, a hazard interrupter 15, a positioning disc 16 and a first shaft envelope 18 in sequence, and an end of the first journal 17 is provided with a main oil pump 13; a second shaft neck 23 of the main shaft 6 is sequentially provided with a second shaft envelope 22 and a back wheel 24; the impellers on the main shaft 6 are each located between the first and

second shaft housings

18, 22. The main oil pump 13 is used for providing lubricating oil for front and rear bearings and controlling the oil quantity; a safety protection device for controlling rotor overspeed by the emergency breaker 15; the backrest 24 is used for connecting power generation equipment and other equipment.

Illustratively, taking a steam turbine rotor with three pressure stages as an example, the first pressure stage is located in the middle, and the second pressure stage and the third pressure stage are symmetrically distributed by taking the first pressure stage as a center. The inner surface of the disc 7 of the first impeller 19 at the two ends of the main shaft 6 is provided with a plurality of steam hole groups, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole; the outer surface of the disc 7 is provided with a balance groove 12; the balancing groove 12 is close to the edge of the disc 7. The inner surface of the disc 7 is the face facing the other impeller and the outer surface of the disc 7 is the face opposite to the inner surface of the disc 7. The two surfaces of the disc 7 of the third impeller 20 adjacent to the second pressure stage in the first pressure stage are both provided with a plurality of rows of steam hole groups, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole and is used for isolating the steam pressure difference between the first pressure stage and the second pressure stage; similarly, in the third pressure stage, a plurality of steam hole sets are arranged on both surfaces of the disc 7 of the third impeller 20 adjacent to the third pressure stage, and each steam hole 8 is a blind hole and is used for isolating the steam pressure difference between the second pressure stage and the third pressure stage. Each steam hole 8 of the second impeller 21 in the same remaining pressure stage is a through hole. The number of the turbine vaneless wheel of each pressure stage can be more or less according to the power of the unit, and the diameter of the steam hole 8 of the disc 7 of the turbine vaneless wheel can be larger or smaller; the number of vaneless wheels of the steam turbine may also be increased or decreased according to the increasing changes of the pressure and temperature of the pressure stage steam.

The steam turbine rotor provided by the embodiment does not need moving blades, and can effectively prevent the moving blades of the traditional steam turbine from breaking, so that the maintenance time and the maintenance cost are reduced; meanwhile, the difficulty and the cost of the manufacturing process are reduced; and the steam flow has no axial force on the bladeless impeller, so that the axial acting force between the bladeless impeller and the main shaft 6 is eliminated, the durability of the rotor is improved, and the energy consumption loss of the steam flow is reduced.

Alternatively, the steam pressure of the first pressure stage is higher, the diameter of the steam hole 8 is set smaller, the steam pressure of the last pressure stage is set smaller, and the diameter of the steam hole 8 is set larger, that is, the diameter of the steam hole 8 increases gradually as the pressure stage works gradually.

Optionally, each steam port 8 is circular in cross-section. The circular shape is easier to arrange than other shapes, such as an oval shape, is suitable for machining, and is beneficial to enhancing the strength of the vaneless impeller.

Further, the outer edge of each steam hole 8 is provided with a steam inlet channel 11 communicated with the steam hole 8, and the steam inlet channel 11 is positioned at one side of the steam inlet hole 8. The steam inlet channel 11 is beneficial to steam flow acting on the inner wall of the steam hole 8, so that steam inlet of the steam hole 8 is smooth, and vibration of the main shaft 6 of the rotor is prevented.

Further, each steam inlet channel 11 is a groove formed by a steam guide inclined plane on the surface of the disc 7;

Preferably, the distance between the end of the steam guide inclined plane far away from the corresponding steam hole 8 is more than 6mm, and the adjacent distance between the steam holes 8 in each row is more than 6mm, so that the strength of the bladeless impeller of the steam turbine cannot be influenced.

In a third aspect, referring to fig. 20, 23, 24 and 25, the present application provides a multiple path steam turbine comprising a casing defined by a cylinder 1, said casing having a turbine rotor as described above disposed therein;

the inner wall of the shell is provided with a steam inlet spacer ring 25;

the turbine bladeless impeller of each pressure stage of the turbine rotor and the steam inlet space ring 25 are alternately arranged;

the steam inlet separation ring 25 is provided with a steam channel 27 and a steam nozzle group communicated with the steam channel 27;

the shell is provided with a steam inlet 28 communicated with a steam channel 27, and the bottom of the shell is also provided with a steam outlet 29 corresponding to each pressure level;

a steam seal is arranged between the bladeless impeller of the steam turbine adjacent to other pressure stages in each pressure stage and the cylinder 1;

the steam channel 27 of the steam inlet spacer 25 corresponding to the first pressure level of the steam turbine rotor is connected with a conduit 32, and a main steam valve 31 is arranged on the conduit 32;

the steam outlet 29 corresponding to the K-1 pressure level of the steam turbine rotor is connected with the steam inlet 28 corresponding to the K pressure level through a conduit 32, and K is a positive integer not greater than N.

The positioning disc 16 on the main shaft 6 of the steam turbine rotor is arranged in a joint bearing bush 38 of the first bearing box 34, and the front part of the main shaft 6 penetrates through the first bearing box 34 and is connected with a bearing in the first bearing box 34; the rear part of the main shaft 6 penetrates the second bearing box 37 and is connected with a bearing in the rear second bearing box 37; a first bracket 33 is arranged at the lower part of the first bearing box 34, and a second bracket 36 is arranged at the lower part of the second bearing box 37; the first bracket 33 is slidably connected to the support base plate 35, and the second bracket 36 is fixedly connected to the support base plate 35.

Bearings in the first bearing housing 34 and the second bearing housing 37 are used for supporting the main shaft 6 to rotate at high speed; the first bracket 33 is used for releasing the thrust of the sliding of the first bearing box 34 when the cylinder 1 expands due to heating; the second bracket 36 is used for the expansion dead point of the steam turbine.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the high-temperature steam enters the steam channel 27 of the steam inlet separation ring 25 corresponding to the first pressure stage through the guide pipe 32, is sprayed out from the nozzle opening 26 arranged on the steam inlet separation ring 25 to do work on the turbine bladeless impeller of the first pressure stage, and because the turbine bladeless impeller adjacent to the first pressure stage and the second pressure stage is provided with blind holes and is sealed with the cylinder 1 by a steam seal, the steam in the first pressure stage cannot flow into other pressure stages. The exhaust steam of the first pressure stage may be directed through conduit 32 into the steam inlet 28 of the steam inlet spacer 25 corresponding to the second pressure stage, such that the exhaust steam of the first pressure stage may be converted into the intake steam of the first pressure stage, and similarly, the exhaust steam of the second pressure stage and the intake steam of the third pressure stage.

Further, as shown in fig. 22, 26 and 27, the steam injection nozzle group is composed of a plurality of steam injection nozzles;

each steam jet nozzle comprises a steam jet channel 30 communicated with the corresponding steam channel 27 and a steam jet port 26 formed on the surface of the steam inlet partition 25 by the steam jet channel 30;

each steam spraying channel 30 and the surface of the disc 7 of the corresponding bladeless impeller of the steam turbine are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-70 degrees.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 21, the included angle α between each steam injection passage 30 and the disc surface 7 of the corresponding turbine vaneless wheel is 30 °, so that the steam generates a large torsion force to the turbine vaneless wheel, and the utilization rate of the steam is maximized.

The arrangement of the steam nozzle groups can correspond to the positions of the steam holes 8 of the bladeless impeller of the steam turbine, so that the steam loss is reduced, and the utilization rate of the steam is increased.

Further, as shown in fig. 28 to 32, the steam inlet grommet 25 includes an upper steam inlet grommet 42 and a lower steam inlet grommet 41;

the cylinder 1 includes an upper cylinder 40 and a lower cylinder 39;

the upper steam inlet separation ring 42 is arranged on the inner wall of the upper cylinder 40;

the lower steam inlet gasket 41 is installed on the inner wall of the lower cylinder 39.

The steam inlet spacer 25 is formed in a split manner, so that the complexity of the processing technology can be reduced, and the installation is convenient.

According to the technical scheme, the application provides a turbine bladeless impeller, a rotor and a multi-channel turbine, wherein the turbine bladeless impeller comprises a disc 7 provided with a plurality of steam hole groups, and each steam hole group comprises at least one steam hole 8; the series of steam holes are arranged around the center of the disk 7 and circumferentially on the surface of the disk 7. The group of nozzles 3 arranged on the steam inlet separation ring 25 sprays high-temperature steam, when steam flows through the steam holes 8, the steam flow is limited by the inner walls of the steam holes 8 to change the flowing direction, so that torsion is generated on the inner walls of the steam holes 8, the bladeless impeller rotates, and the rotor is driven to rotate to do work. Therefore, the moving blade and the partition plate 2 are not needed, and the phenomenon of fracture of the moving blade of the traditional steam turbine can be effectively prevented, so that the maintenance time and the maintenance cost are reduced; under the condition that the power of the turbine is the same as that of a traditional impeller type turbine, the volume of the turbine can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the difficulty and the manufacturing cost of a manufacturing process are reduced; and the steam flow has no axial force on the bladeless impeller, so that the axial acting force between the bladeless impeller and the main shaft 6 is eliminated, the durability of the rotor is improved, and the energy consumption loss of the steam flow is reduced.

Claims

1. A bladeless impeller for steam turbines, characterized in that it comprises a disc (7) provided with a plurality of rows of steam holes, each row of steam holes comprising at least one steam hole (8);

the steam hole groups are arranged around the center of the disc (7) and are arranged on the surface of the disc (7) in the circumferential direction;

the series of steam holes are used for obtaining energy from steam so as to rotate the disc (7);

the outer edge of each steam hole (8) is provided with a steam inlet channel (11) communicated with the steam hole (8), and the steam inlet channel (11) is positioned at one side of the steam inlet hole (8);

the length of each steam hole (8) of each row of steam hole group corresponding to the steam inlet channel (11) is gradually increased from the center of the disc (7) to the edge of the disc (7);

the section of each steam hole (8) is circular;

each steam inlet channel (11) is a groove formed by a steam guide inclined plane on the surface of the disc (7);

the height of the steam guide inclined plane is gradually reduced from one end far away from the corresponding steam hole (8) to one end connected with the steam hole (8).

2. The bladeless impeller for steam turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that said disc (7) has on one surface a plurality of series of steam holes and each steam hole (8) is a blind hole;

the other surface of the disc (7) is provided with a balance groove (12);

the balancing groove (12) is close to the edge of the disc (7).

3. The bladeless impeller for steam turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that said disc (7) is provided on both surfaces with a series of steam holes and each steam hole (8) is blind.

4. The bladeless impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that each steam port (8) is a through hole.

5. A steam turbine rotor, characterized by comprising a main shaft (6) having N pressure stages, N being a positive integer not less than 1;

each of said pressure stages being formed by a plurality of the turbine vaneless wheel of claim 1;

a plurality of steam hole groups are respectively arranged on two surfaces of a disc (7) of the turbine bladeless impeller adjacent to other pressure stages in each pressure stage, and each steam hole (8) is a blind hole;

each steam hole (8) of the bladeless impeller of the steam turbine in the pressure stage is a through hole;

the inner side surface of a disc (7) of the turbine bladeless impeller positioned at two ends of a main shaft (6) is provided with a plurality of steam hole groups, and each steam hole (8) is a blind hole;

the outer side surface of the disc (7) is provided with a dovetail-shaped balancing groove (12);

the balancing groove (12) is close to the edge of the disc (7).

6. The steam turbine rotor as recited in claim 5, characterized in that the outer edge of each steam port (8) is provided with a steam inlet passage (11) communicating with the steam port (8), the steam inlet passage (11) being located at a side of the steam inlet port (8).

7. The steam turbine rotor according to claim 6, characterized in that each of the steam inlet passages (11) is a groove formed by a steam guide slope on the surface of the disc (7);

8. The steam turbine rotor according to claim 6, characterized in that the length of each steam port (8) of each row of steam port groups corresponding to the steam inlet passage (11) increases from the center of the disc (7) to the edge of the disc (7).

9. A multiple channel steam turbine comprising a casing enclosed by a cylinder (1), characterized in that a turbine rotor according to any one of claims 5-8 is provided in the casing;

the inner wall of the shell is provided with a steam inlet spacer ring (25);

the turbine bladeless impeller of each pressure stage of the turbine rotor and the steam inlet space ring (25) are alternately arranged;

the steam inlet separation ring (25) is provided with a steam channel (27) and a steam nozzle group communicated with the steam channel (27);

the shell is provided with a steam inlet (28) communicated with the steam channel (27), and the bottom of the shell is also provided with a steam outlet (29) corresponding to each pressure level;

a steam seal is arranged between the bladeless impeller of the steam turbine adjacent to other pressure stages in each pressure stage and the cylinder (1);

a steam channel (27) of the steam inlet separation ring (25) corresponding to the first pressure level of the steam turbine rotor is connected with a guide pipe (32), and a main steam valve (31) is arranged on the guide pipe (32);

and a steam outlet (29) corresponding to the K-1 pressure level of the steam turbine rotor is connected with a steam inlet (28) corresponding to the K pressure level through a conduit (32), and K is a positive integer not greater than N.

10. The multiple channel steam turbine of claim 9, wherein said set of steam injection nozzles is comprised of a plurality of steam injection nozzles;

each steam nozzle comprises a steam spraying channel (30) communicated with the corresponding steam channel (27) and a steam spraying opening (26) formed on the surface of the steam inlet spacer (25) by the steam spraying channel (30);

each steam spraying channel (30) and the surface of a disc (7) of the corresponding turbine bladeless impeller are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-70 degrees.

11. A multiple channel steam turbine according to claim 10, wherein said steam inlet spacer (25) comprises an upper steam inlet spacer (42) and a lower steam inlet spacer (41);

the cylinder (1) comprises an upper cylinder (40) and a lower cylinder (39);

the upper steam inlet spacer ring (42) is arranged on the inner wall of the upper cylinder (40);

the lower steam inlet separation ring (41) is arranged on the inner wall of the lower cylinder (39).