CN106917054A - Economizing type two phase stainless steel and the kitchen appliance being produced from it - Google Patents
Economizing type two phase stainless steel and the kitchen appliance being produced from it Download PDFInfo
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- CN106917054A CN106917054A CN201611200819.8A CN201611200819A CN106917054A CN 106917054 A CN106917054 A CN 106917054A CN 201611200819 A CN201611200819 A CN 201611200819A CN 106917054 A CN106917054 A CN 106917054A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of corrosion resistance and the excellent economizing type two phase stainless steel of resistance to stripping property and the kitchen appliance being produced from it.Economizing type two phase stainless steel according to an embodiment of the invention, the meters of % by weight, including：Carbon (C) less than 0.08%, except 0, silicon (Si) 0.2 to 3.0%, manganese (Mn) 2 to 4%, chromium (Cr) 19 to 23%, nickel (Ni) 0.3 to 3.0%, nitrogen (N) 0.2 to 0.3%, copper (Cu) 0.5 to 2.5%, tungsten (W) 0.1 to 1.0%, balance iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurity, according to the rate of change of the pitting potential of following formula (1) be less than 1.05, pitting potential rate of change=#600 pitting potentials value/#120 pitting potential values ... formula (1).
Description
Technical field
It is excellent more particularly, to a kind of corrosion resistance and resistance to stripping property the present invention relates to a kind of economizing type two phase stainless steel
Economizing type two phase stainless steel.
Background technology
In general, such as 304 steel austenitic stainless steels are because it has excellent corrosion resistance and processability and is used for
Various industrial circles.Especially, for the kitchen utensils of family, so far mainly using 304 steel of 18Cr-8Ni, but closely
Nian Laiyong alloying elements Mn is stainless steel instead of the 200 of Ni and without the 400 of alloying element Ni, Mn is that stainless steel is manufactured
Into various kitchen utensils and sale use.
In recent years, with the major part of the kitchen utensils undersold it is that stainless steel is made by 200 in supermarket etc., and uses Mn
Instead of the Ni of the austenite stabilizer element as stainless steel, therefore, Mn compositions have been added about 5~12%, Ni in steel grade
Composition has been added about less than 3%.Generally, the Mn compositions for containing in steel grade play a part of austenite stabilizer element, but
Pitting potential can be reduced, corrosion resistance is significantly reduced.And, for Europe at present, reported and be used in kitchen utensils
200 is dissolution heavy metal ion in stainless steel.For South Korea, food is used in based on food and drug safety office standard regulation and is cooked
Prepare food the heavy metal element stripping quantity such as Cr6+, Pb, Cd, As, Ni of metal material of apparatus.Stripping quantity is not limited for Mn, but
It is as the element for being harmful to human body, at present in the action of the restricted stripping quantity in the ground such as Europe.Draw when Ni compositions are for contact human body
Play the material of allergy.
It is that stainless steel is without elements such as Ni, the Mn as austenite stabilizer element to be used in the 400 of kitchen utensils
Stainless steel, thus while for the heavy metal ion dissolution such as Mn, Ni be stabilization, but compared with 304 and 200 are steel, exist
The shortcoming that formability reduction and corrosion resistance change with grinding condition.And, when being processed, the surface along rolling direction occurs
The ridging of some tens of pm (um) degree, needs to carry out multiple grinding operation on surface, therefore can increase to remove this ridging phenomenon
Plus processing charges.
Generally, economizing type two-phase (Lean duplex) stainless steel is with by austenite phase and ferritic phase
The stainless steel of the micro organization of mixture composition, therefore there is the feature of austenite and ferrite simultaneously.Economizing type two-phase
Stainless steel has following feature：Be compared to 200 stainless steel Mn amount it is relatively fewer, compared to the amount of 304 steel Ni
It is less.Although the economizing type two phase stainless steel is with the corrosion resistance characteristic similar to 304 steel, its formability compared to
304 steel are poor, therefore, limited in the fields such as kitchen utensils use at present.
Prior art literature
KR published patent the 2013-0060658th (2013.06.10 is disclosed)
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
The purpose of embodiments of the invention is to provide a kind of corrosion resistance and the excellent economizing type two-phase stainless of resistance to stripping property
Steel and the kitchen products being produced from it, the corrosion resistance excellent when stainless steel is as the kitchen appliance materials'use such as kitchen utensils,
And substantially reduce the dissolution of Ni, Mn such that it is able to reduce the allergy for causing human body.
(2) technical scheme
According to an aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a kind of corrosion resistance and the excellent economizing type two-phase stainless of resistance to stripping property
Steel, the stainless steel, by weight % meter, including：Carbon (C) less than 0.08%, except 0, silicon (Si) 0.2 to 3.0%, manganese (Mn) 2
To 4%, chromium (Cr) 19 to 23%, nickel (Ni) 0.3 to 3.0%, nitrogen (N) 0.2 to 0.3%, copper (Cu) 0.5 to 2.5%, tungsten (W)
0.1 to 1.0%, balance iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurity, be according to the pitting potential rate of change of following formula (1)
Less than 1.05,
Pitting potential rate of change=#600 pitting potentials value/#120 pitting potential values ... formula (1).
And, the stainless steel presses volume fraction includes 45~75% ferritic phase with 25~55%.
And, the organic martensite of plasticity of the stainless steel can be less than 5%.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a kind of kitchen appliance of utilization two-phase stainless steel making, it is described not
Rust steel, the meters of % by weight, including：Carbon (C) less than 0.08%, except 0, silicon (Si) 0.2 to 3.0%, manganese (Mn) 2 to 4%, chromium
(Cr) 19 to 23%, nickel (Ni) 0.3 to 3.0%, nitrogen (N) 0.2 to 0.3%, copper (Cu) 0.5 to 2.5%, tungsten (W) 0.1 to
1.0%th, balance iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurity, pitting potential rate of change are less than 1.05,
Pitting potential rate of change=#600 pitting potentials value/#120 pitting potential values.
(3) beneficial effect
Economizing type two phase stainless steel can substantially reduce corrosion proof reduction and acyclic acidic according to an embodiment of the invention
The dissolution of manganese, nickel under border, so as to can also improve reliability when being used in such as foodstuff processing utensil kitchen products.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the dissolution characteristic of the manganese ion based on the change of manganese amount for showing examples and comparative examples of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 2 be show based on pitting potential it is similar to STS304 steel 400 be, the spot corrosion of the grinding condition of two phase stainless steel
The figure of potential change.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the pitting potential rate of change based on manganese amount for showing examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the nickel stripping quantity based on nickel amount for showing examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below, embodiments of the invention are described in detail referring to the drawings.Embodiment described below is for this hair
The example that bright person of an ordinary skill in the technical field fully passs on thought of the invention and provides.The present invention is not limited to
Examples set forth below, it is also possible to be embodied as other forms.In order to clearly state the present invention, omitted in figure and explanation nothing
The part of pass, and in figure, for convenience of description, can be by enlarged representations such as the width of component, length and thickness.Entirely saying
Identical reference represents identical component in bright book.
The corrosion resistance of embodiments of the invention and the excellent economizing type two phase stainless steel of resistance to stripping property, the meters of % by weight, bag
Include：Carbon (C) less than 0.08%, except 0, silicon (Si) 0.2 to 3.0%, manganese (Mn) 2 to 4%, chromium (Cr) 19 to 23%, nickel (Ni)
0.3 to 3.0%, nitrogen (N) 0.2 to 0.3%, copper (Cu) 0.5 to 2.5%, tungsten (W) 0.1 to 1.0%, balance iron (Fe) and its
His inevitable impurity.
The content of carbon (C) is less than 0.08%, except 0.
Carbon (C) is austenite former, and to improving the effective element of the strength of materials by solution strengthening.But,
When add it is excessive when, ferritic-austenitic phase boundary easily with to corrosion resistance it is effective such as the carbide former knot of Cr
Close to reduce the Cr contents around crystal boundary, and reduce corrosion-resistant repellence, therefore, to make corrosion resistance maximize, by the content of carbon
It is preferably limited to more than 0% and less than 0.08%.
The content of silicon (Si) is 0.2% to 3.0%.
Silicon (Si) adds a part for deoxidation effect, and is ferrite former, when being made annealing treatment
It is concentrated in ferritic element.Therefore, in order to ensure appropriate ferrite phase fraction addition more than 0.2%.But, when adding
It is many and during more than more than 3.0%, sharply increase the hardness of ferritic phase, therefore, reduce the elongation percentage of two phase stainless steel, and difficult
To ensure the austenite phase for ensuring sufficient elongation percentage.And when adding excessive, the mobility of slag can be reduced during steel-making,
And combine to form field trash with oxygen and reduce corrosion resistance.Therefore, the content of Si is preferably limited to 0.2% to 3.0%.
The content of manganese (Mn) is 2.0% to 4.0%.
Manganese is the element for increasing nitrogen solid solubility, is also austenite former, and for replacing the Ni of high price, when it adds
When dosage is more than 4%, the pitting potential rate of change (#600 pitting potentials value/#120 pitting potentials value) based on grinding condition is by height
In 1.05, and corrosion resistance is reduced as abradant surface is roughening.And, when the content of manganese is more than 4%, there is the dissolution of manganese
Amount increases to the shortcoming of more than 0.1ppm.Because when adding many manganese, although the solid solubility to nitrogen is effective, but meeting and steel
In S combine and forming MnS reduces corrosion resistance.When the content of manganese is less than 2%, even if regulation is used as austenite former
Ni, Cu, N etc. be also difficult to ensure that appropriate austenite phase fraction, and because the solid solubility of the N being added is low, at ambient pressure
The sufficient solid solution of nitrogen cannot be obtained.Therefore, the content of manganese is preferably limited to 2.0% to 4.0%.
The content of chromium (Cr) is 19% to 23%.
Chromium (Cr) is jointly ferrite stabilizer with Si, and the ferritic phase to ensuring two phase stainless steel plays main work
With, and, it is for ensuring that corrosion proof necessary factor.When the content of Cr is increased, although increase corrosion resistance, but in order to protect
Holding phase fraction needs to increase the Ni of high price or the content of other austenite formers, therefore there is a problem of cost increase.Cause
This, ensures the corrosion resistance of the STS304 molten steel flat above while for the phase fraction for keeping two phase stainless steel, the content of Cr is excellent
Choosing is limited to 19% with up to less than 23%.
The content of nickel (Ni) is 0.3% to 2.5%.
Nickel (Ni) is jointly the element of stabilization of austenite with Mn, Cu and N, and the austenite phase to ensuring two phase stainless steel rises
To Main Function.In order to cost-effective, expensive Ni contents are reduced as far as possible, and be used as other austenite phase shapes by increasing
Replace Ni into the Mn and N of element such that it is able to fully keep balanced by phase fraction caused by the reduction of Ni.But, in order to press down
The organic martensite of plasticity that system occurs when cold working is carried out is formed, and in order to substantially ensure that the degree of stability of austenite,
It is preferred that addition more than 0.3%.But, when Ni is added too much, increase austenite point rate, cause to be difficult to ensure that appropriate Ovshinsky
Body point rate, especially, is increased by the manufacturing expense of product caused by the Ni of high price, and competitiveness is difficult to ensure that relative to STS304 steel.
And, when the amount of nickel is more than 3%, the stripping quantity of nickel increases to more than 0.1ppm.Therefore, the content of Ni is preferably limited
For 0.3% to 3.0%.
In the interval that nickel amount is less than 3%, the stripping quantity of nickel is below 0.1ppm.
The content of nitrogen (N) is 0.2% to 0.3%.
Nitrogen (N) is the stabilized element for going far towards austenite phase together with Ni in two phase stainless steel, and is
When being made annealing treatment, the one kind in the element concentrated in austenite phase.Therefore, N content increase can be along with resistance to
Corrosion increases and realizes high intensity.But, the solid solubility of the content N of the Mn according to addition changes.When the content of nitrogen surpasses
When crossing more than 0.3%, surface defect during caused casting too high by nitrogen solid solubility, it is difficult to the steel of manufacture stabilization, when content is less than
When 0.2%, it is difficult to ensure appropriate phase fraction.Therefore, the content of nitrogen is preferably limited to 0.2% to 0.3%.
The content of copper (Cu) is 0.5% to 2.5%.
Copper (Cu) is austenite former, the element added for phase fraction equilibrium and instead of Ni.Cu is to play and Ni
The element of same effect, when addition is improved corrosion proof ferrite former, for sufficient ductility, that is, is being carried out
It is the twin of the generation organic martensite of plasticity or machinery, it is necessary to the minimum addition 0.5% in the range of Ni of the invention during cold working
More than.Also, when a large amount of Cu are added, due to being that can cause the element of fragility between heat, accordingly, it is considered to solid solution capacity can be added
Below plus 2.5%.Therefore, the content of Cu is preferably limited to 0.5% to 2.5%.
The content of tungsten (W) is 0.1% to 1.0%.
In order to realize corrosion proof improvement, by the preferred addition more than 0.1% of tungsten (W).But, when its content exceedes
When 1.0%, due to forming intermetallic compound, cause to drastically reduce corrosion resistance and elongation percentage.Therefore, the content of tungsten is preferably limited
0.1% is made as with up to less than 1.0%.
A point rate ratio for the austenite ferrite phase of the two phase stainless steel of embodiments of the invention is pressed into volume fraction, preferably
Meet 45 to 75% austenite phases and 25 to 55% ferritic phases.
When austenite point rate is less than 45%, the excessive concentration that austenite former occurs inside austenite shows
As so as to the organic martensitic phase variable of plasticity can be suppressed, and can ensure that by the abundant of the caused material of austenite intensity rising
Tensile strength, but, because occur ductility reduction phenomenon lead to not obtain more than 50% elongation percentage.And, when
When austenite point rate is more than 75%, there is surface checking when hot rolling is carried out, cause to reduce hot-workability, and lose as two
The characteristic of phase constitution steel.
The organic martensite volume of the plasticity of two phase stainless steel is preferred according to an embodiment of the invention meets less than 5%.Plasticity
The phase formed when organic martensite is as unstable austenite deformation, helps to increase steel by inducing processing hardening
Elongation percentage.In the present invention, the stability of austenite phase is adjusted by suitably distributing alloying element, so as in elongation strain
When the organic martensite of plasticity is formed in before and after localized necking.It is hard by drastically processing when the organic martensite of plasticity is drastically generated
The hardening of material, drastically reduces elongation percentage caused by changing.When the organic martensite of plasticity is less than 5%, it can be ensured that elongation percentage is
More than 50%.The organic martensite volume of plasticity formed when therefore, by cold working is preferably less than 5%.
Fig. 1 is the dissolution characteristic of the manganese ion based on the change of manganese amount for representing examples and comparative examples of the present invention
Figure, manganese stripping quantity is that dissolution is carried out under more exacting terms based on food and drug safety office bulletin 2013-246 standards.
Test piece is cut into 30x30mm, and the surface impregnation that will be ground with #600 pouncing papers is in dissolution solution, and investigate manganese from
The stripping quantity of son.Leaching condition is that the capacity of dissolution solution is set into per unit area 2ml, and one is impregnated at a temperature of 95 DEG C
Hour, so as to investigate the stripping quantity of the manganese from test piece dissolution.Manganese stripping quantity is the inductance coupling based on food and drug safety office standard
Plasma (ICP) analytic approach is closed to measure.
As shown in figure 1, the result of manganese stripping quantity of the measurement based on manganese amount is displayed in steel as manganese amount increases
The increased characteristic of stripping quantity of manganese.In the interval that manganese amount is less than 4%, the stripping quantity of manganese is below 0.1ppm.Typically make
For the STS304 steel of kitchen utensils, due to being added the impurity of manufacturing process, dissolution experimental result is obtained with about 0.1ppm water
The result of flat dissolution.When therefore, it can know scope of the amount of the manganese in steel no more than 4%, manganese stripping quantity is 0.1ppm
Below.
Fig. 2 be represent based on pitting potential it is similar to STS304 steel 400 be, the spot corrosion of the grinding condition of two phase stainless steel
KSD0238 standards are observed in the figure of potential change, the measurement of pitting potential.Now, the grinding condition of strip is used into #
600th, the pouncing paper of #120 and measure pitting potential under different grinding conditions.
For 304 steel for being used in general kitchen utensils, the flat of the pitting potential that measures afterwards is ground with #600
Average is about 315mV, and the average value that the pitting potential for measuring afterwards is ground with #120 is 305mV.If here, will be based on grinding
The pitting potential rate of change of abrasive stick part is defined with following formula (1), then the pitting potential rate of change (315/305) of 304 steel is 1.03,
As grinding pitting potential rate of change is reduced.
The pitting potential value of the pitting potential value/#120 of pitting potential rate of change=#600 -- formula (1)
But, the pitting potential 400 pitting potential rates of change (315/260) that are similar to 304 steel are 1.21, its change
Rate is high.Then, the applicant is according to the result of Fig. 1, by adding the Mn of 3% level and being properly added N being steel instead of 300
The amount of austenite stabilizer element Ni is to 300 manufacturing pitting potential value, 400 is similar two phase stainless steel and measures
Pitting potential value.As a result, the pitting potential rate of change (306/295) of two phase stainless steel is 1.04, it is similar to obtain to 300
As a result.But, when the manganese amount of two phase stainless steel increases to more than 4%, 1.05 are had more than with pitting potential rate of change
Tendency above.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the pitting potential rate of change based on manganese amount for representing examples and comparative examples of the present invention, point
Losing potential change rate is, measurement point after the grinding condition of strip is ground using the pouncing paper of #600, #120
Erosion current potential, and represented with the ratio between #600 pitting potentials value/#120 pitting potential values.
As shown in figure 3, it is recognised that the interval spot corrosion potential change rate that manganese amount is less than 4% be less than 1.05,
Pitting potential change based on grinding condition is less.But, when manganese amount increases to more than 4%, pitting potential rate of change
Slowly increase from 1.05, so that the value with 1.2 degree similar to ferritic stainless steel characteristic.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the nickel stripping quantity based on nickel content for representing examples and comparative examples of the present invention, and nickel stripping quantity is
Dissolution is carried out under more exacting terms based on food and drug safety office bulletin 2013-246 standards.Test piece is cut into
30x30mm, and the surface impregnation that will be ground with #600 pouncing papers is in dissolution solution, and investigate the stripping quantity of nickel ion.It is molten
It is that the capacity of dissolution solution is set into per unit area 2ml to go out condition, and a hour is impregnated at a temperature of 95 DEG C, so as to investigate
From the stripping quantity of the nickel of test piece dissolution.Manganese stripping quantity is the inductively coupled plasma based on food and drug safety office standard
(ICP) analytic approach is measured.
As shown in figure 4, the result of nickel stripping quantity of the measurement based on nickel amount is understood in steel as nickel amount increases
The stripping quantity of nickel increases.In the interval that nickel amount is less than 3%, the stripping quantity of nickel is below 0.1ppm.It is generally used in kitchen
The STS304 steel of room apparatus, due to being added the impurity of manufacturing process, dissolution experimental result is obtained with the horizontal dissolutions of about 0.4ppm
Result.Therefore, the amount of nickel is preferably more than 3%.
Therefore, according to the result of Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, in the present embodiment, manganese amount is maintained at less than 4% and is based on grinding
The change of the pitting potential of abrasive stick part is small, and the stripping quantity based on addition manganese has the stripping quantity of STS304 levels, and nickel is contained
Amount is maintained at less than 3% and the nickel stripping quantity of material will be caused to be maintained at below 0.1ppm as allergy, thus provides and is suitable for
Such as the two phase stainless steel of the kitchen utensils use environment of foodstuff processing utensil.
Below, by embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.
Invention steel and compare steel
The stainless steel with such as table 1 below composition of 50Kg is dissolved in vacuum melting equipment and manufactures the steel of 120mm thickness
Ingot, then carries out hot rolling and cold rolling manufactures cold-reduced sheet test piece.
Comparing steel 1 to 3 in table 1 represents austenitic stainless steel, compares steel 4 to 6 and represents ferritic stainless steel, compares steel 7
Two phase stainless steel is represented to 10 and invention steel 1 to 4.
Table 1
| (weight %) | C | Cr | Mn | Ni | Si | Cu | N | W | Ti |
| Compare steel 1 | 0.070 | 18.3 | 1.0 | 8.3 | 0.60 | 0.04 | - | - | |
| Compare steel 2 | 0.07 | 15.0 | 8.8 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.17 | - | - |
| Compare steel 3 | 0.06 | 17.8 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.17 | - | - |
| Compare steel 4 | 0.020 | 17.0 | 0.55 | - | 0.20 | - | 0.04 | - | - |
| Compare steel 5 | 0.007 | 19.0 | 0.25 | - | 0.20 | - | 0.005 | - | 0.25 |
| Compare steel 6 | 0.005 | 21.0 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.10 | 0.4 | 0.005 | - | 0.25 |
| Compare steel 7 | 0.044 | 19.93 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.342 | - | - |
| Compare steel 8 | 0.075 | 19.50 | 4.56 | 0.95 | 0.56 | 1.0 | 0.125 | - | - |
| Compare steel 9 | 0.055 | 19.50 | 5.56 | 0.95 | 0.56 | 1.5 | 0.265 | - | - |
| Compare steel 10 | 0.062 | 20.10 | 7.86 | 3.15 | 0.65 | 2.0 | 0.115 | - | - |
| Invention steel 1 | 0.054 | 19.93 | 2.23 | 0.35 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.202 | - | - |
| Invention steel 2 | 0.051 | 20.12 | 3.03 | 2.05 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.234 | - | - |
| Invention steel 3 | 0.051 | 19.87 | 3.71 | 0.5 | 0.865 | 1.0 | 0.240 | - | - |
| Invention steel 4 | 0.047 | 21.33 | 3.04 | 1.02 | 1.53 | 1.0 | 0.230 | 0.48 | - |
Afterwards, will comply with KSD0238 standards, and in 30 DEG C of 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution of temperature by with
The sweep speed of 20mV/sec carries out anode polarization experiment to measure pitting potential to the invention steel with steel is compared.Pitting potential
Yardstick for evaluating the spot corrosion repellence of alloy, the general pitting potential local corrosion repellence for representing alloy higher is excellent.
For the influence that the grinding state on surface when investigating measurement pitting potential is produced to pitting potential, the grinding condition on surface is adopted
With the pouncing paper of #600, #120 pitting potential is measured under different grinding conditions.Now, grinding state based on surface
Pitting potential rate of change (#600 pitting potentials value/#120 pitting potentials value) is represented in table 2.
Table 2
If here, pitting potential rate of change is less than 1.05, then it represents that the spot corrosion of the grinding condition based on #600, #120
Current potential is not changed in.If pitting potential rate of change is more than 1.05, then it represents that the grinding condition based on #600, #120 occurs
The difference of pitting potential value, the pitting potential value of #120 low more than the 20mV compared with #600.As the comparing steel 1 to 3 of austenitic steel
The situation of middle amount comparing steel 2 and 3 high, pitting potential rate of change is more than 1.05, used as the comparing of ferritic stainless steel
The situation of steel 4 to 6, Mn amounts are less than 1% low value, but, pitting potential rate of change is more than 1.1, is ground based on surface
The pitting potential change of abrasive stick part is high.Used as the comparing steel 7 to 10 and the situation of invention steel 11 to 14 of dual phase steel, Mn amounts are
The pitting potential rate of change of more than 4% comparing steel 8 to 10 is more than 1.05, the pitting potential change based on surface grinding conditions
It is high.Comparing steel 7 can occur the problem in manufacturing process because the amount of nitrogen is more than 0.3%.
Table 3 below represents heavy metal ion dissolution characteristic.
Table 3
It is the heavy metal ion stripping quantity of the stainless steel under measurement kitchen utensils use environment, using as heavy metal ion
Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr6+, As, Mn plasma are based on food and drug safety office bulletin 2013-246 standards in more exacting terms
Under carry out dissolution.The measurement of stripping quantity is that test piece is cut into 30x30mm sizes, and the table that will be ground with #600 pouncing papers
Face is immersed in dissolution solution and measures the stripping quantity of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr6+, As, Mn ion.Leaching condition is by dissolution solution
Capacity is set to per unit area 2ml, and a hour is impregnated at a temperature of 95 DEG C, thus measure from the heavy metal of test piece dissolution from
Son amount.Now, dissolution solvent has the solution and 4% acetum of the nitric acid for adding micro in water, wherein, water is displayed in neutrality
The dissolution characteristic of the heavy metal ion under environment, 4% acetic acid is displayed in the dissolution characteristic of the heavy metal ion under weak acid environment.
Dissolution experimental result, Pb, Cd, As, Cr6+ are not detected in all steel grades.But, for Ni, Mn, according to steel grade
Each composition shows different stripping quantities.
The situation of stripping quantity is measured under water (environment of the micro nitric acid of addition) environment, the Ni stripping quantities of 304 steel are
0.4ppm, Mn stripping quantity are 0.1ppm.Such as compare steel 2 and compare the 200 of steel 3 situation for being steel, Mn stripping quantities are the 3 of 304 steel
More than times.It is the situation of the comparing steel 4 to 6 of steel as 400, Mn additions are few for less than 0.5%, therefore do not detect
Mn.Used as the comparing steel 7 to 10 of two phase stainless steel, the situation of invention steel 11 to 14, Mn amounts are more than 4% comparing steel 8
Stripping quantity to 10 Mn is more than 0.1ppm.
The situation of stripping quantity is measured under 4% acetic acid environment, is that the comparing steel 4 to 6 of steel displays that the dissolution of Mn as 400
Measure the Mn dissolution characteristics high for more than 0.1ppm.As Mn amounts it is high 200 be steel comparing steel 2 to 3 situation, display that
The stripping quantity of Mn is the high level of more than 0.4ppm.As the comparing steel 7 to 10 of dual phase steel, the situation of invention steel 11 to 14, it is known that
Mn amounts are that the Mn stripping quantities of more than 4% comparing steel 8 to 10 are more than 0.1ppm.
General kitchen utensils are not only used under the neutral environments such as such as water, but also in such as weak acid environment such as 4% acetic acid
Under use, therefore evaluate comprehensive stripping quantity and be expressed as follows.Comprehensive evaluation is with the dissolution characteristic in water, 4% acetic acid
In stripping quantity in highest stripping quantity on the basis of, as the Mn stripping quantity 0.1ppm higher than 304 steel, be judged to bad (NG),
When less than 0.1ppm, it is evaluated as outstanding (G).For Ni, when higher than as food and drug safety office standard 0.1ppm when,
Stripping quantity is bad and is represented with NG, and when less than 0.1ppm, stripping quantity is excellent and is represented with G.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of corrosion resistance and the excellent economizing type two phase stainless steel of resistance to stripping property, the stainless steel, by weight % meter, including：
Carbon (C) less than 0.08%, except 0, silicon (Si) 0.2 to 3.0%, manganese (Mn) 2 to 4%, chromium (Cr) 19 to 23%, nickel (Ni) 0.3
To 3.0%, nitrogen (N) 0.2 to 0.3%, copper (Cu) 0.5 to 2.5%, tungsten (W) 0.1 to 1.0%, balance iron (Fe) and other not
Evitable impurity,
According to the pitting potential rate of change of following formula (1) be less than 1.05,
Pitting potential rate of change=#600 pitting potentials value/#120 pitting potential values ... formula (1).
2. corrosion resistance according to claim 1 and the excellent economizing type two phase stainless steel of resistance to stripping property, wherein, it is described stainless
Steel presses volume fraction includes 45~75% austenite phase and 25~55% ferritic phase.
3. corrosion resistance according to claim 1 and 2 and the excellent economizing type two phase stainless steel of resistance to stripping property, wherein, it is described
The organic martensite of plasticity of stainless steel is less than 5%.
4. a kind of kitchen products of utilization economizing type two-phase stainless steel making, the stainless steel, by weight % meter, including：Carbon (C)
Less than 0.08%, except 0, silicon (Si) 0.2 to 3.0%, manganese (Mn) 2 to 4%, chromium (Cr) 19 to 23%, nickel (Ni) 0.3 to
3.0%th, nitrogen (N) 0.2 to 0.3%, copper (Cu) 0.5 to 2.5%, tungsten (W) 0.1 to 1.0%, balance iron (Fe) and other can not
The impurity for avoiding,
According to the pitting potential rate of change of following formula (1) be less than 1.05,
Pitting potential rate of change=#600 pitting potentials value/#120 pitting potential values ... formula (1).
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| CN115234139A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-25 | 广东中安人防股份有限公司 | Novel nickel-saving stainless steel protective civil air defense door and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115679225A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-03 | 叶均蔚 | High chromium silicon corrosion resistant steel and use thereof |
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| CN101981216A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-02-23 | 新日铁住金不锈钢株式会社 | Low-alloy duplex stainless steel wherein weld heat-affected zones have good corrosion resistance and toughness |
| CN103987867A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-08-13 | Posco公司 | Lean duplex stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101090988A (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2007-12-19 | Posco公司 | Duplex stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance with low nickel |
| CN101981216A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-02-23 | 新日铁住金不锈钢株式会社 | Low-alloy duplex stainless steel wherein weld heat-affected zones have good corrosion resistance and toughness |
| CN103987867A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-08-13 | Posco公司 | Lean duplex stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115679225A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-03 | 叶均蔚 | High chromium silicon corrosion resistant steel and use thereof |
| CN115234139A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-25 | 广东中安人防股份有限公司 | Novel nickel-saving stainless steel protective civil air defense door and manufacturing method thereof |
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