CN106911371A - A kind of wave beam training method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wave beam training method, user terminal is applied to, the method includes：Receive the wave beam training pilot tone that base station sends；Wherein, the corresponding antenna weight vector AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone is known to the user terminal；Channel response under different detection wave beams is estimated according to the reception to wave beam training pilot tone, differentiated from time domain and receive optimal critical path, determine that optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination from default directional transmissions code book according to the critical path told；To the information of optimal orientation launching beam described in base station feedback.The present invention can improve wave beam training effectiveness, reduce wave beam training expense.

Description

A kind of wave beam training method and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to communication technical field, more particularly to a kind of wave beam training method and device.

Background technology

In order to realize increasing considerably for channel capacity, LTE/LTE-Advanced is from frequency domain, time domain and three, spatial domain Dimension proposes many technical tactics to optimize 3GPP wireless access.In the lasting evolution of LTE/LTE-Advanced standards, 3GPP wireless access is able to the rapid growth of support wireless data service.In many technology points, it is a kind of effective to increase bandwidth And the method for directly lifting link capacity.Particularly, wave beam polymerization technique causes that LTE-Advanced at most can use up to The bandwidth of 100MHz is meeting this capacity requirement.

But, with the exponential increase of capacity requirement, industrial quarters and academia use wider in following 5G mobile communication Bandwidth (more than 100MHz) reaches common recognition extensively.But, the frequency band very congestion of low-frequency range and extremely nervous, people are by sight High frequency band communication (such as millimetre-wave attenuator) more than 6GHz is put into.High frequency band while big bandwidth is brought, communication Link load also quickly increases.For example, the free space loss of 60GHz communications is higher by 28dB than 2.4GHz losses.In this feelings Under condition, high frequency band communication needs to use aerial array and wave beam training technique and increases to realize wave beam alignment and obtain enough links Benefit.

In high frequency band 5G mobile communication or millimetre-wave attenuator scene, single-input single-output (SISO)+beam shaping (Beamforming) pattern is a kind of important system framework, has the advantages that complexity is low, is easy to implement.In existing 60- In GHz millimeter-wave systems (such as IEEE 802.11ad, 802.15.3c), the SISO-Beamforming patterns extensively should With.Specifically, as shown in figure 1, in SISO-Beamforming transmitting-receiving units, the aerial array of receiver and transmitter is distinguished There is n_rAnd n_tIndividual antenna element, these antenna unit possesses identical transmission power, and radio frequency (RF) signal can be moved Phase.The antenna element of transceiver is connected to single simulation RF links.In transmitting terminal, individual traffic is from multiple weight antenna elements Send；In receiving terminal, the signal weighting from multiple antenna elements simultaneously merges into mono signal stream, as shown in Figure 1.In given AWV In the case of (Antenna Weighting Vector, antenna weight vector) code book, the target of wave beam training is exactly from all Optimal beam combination is told in controllable beam combination, directional communication link is formed.

In high frequency band 5G mobile communication or millimetre-wave attenuator, base station will attempt training during each wave beam is trained Multiple users (UE).For example, as shown in Fig. 2 base station needs to be respectively trained UE-a, UE-b and UE-c, and it is corresponding to find each UE Optimal beam is combined for building transmission link.Wherein, path P ath_a、Path_bAnd Path_cUE-a, UE-b and UE- are represented respectively The corresponding most strong physical pathways of c.The purpose for carrying out wave beam training between base station and UE-a, UE-b and UE-c respectively is to be separately discernable Go out Path_a、Path_bAnd Path_cCorresponding beam combination.Path_aCorresponding beam combination constitutes the data between base station and UE-a Transmission link, Path_bCorresponding beam combination constitutes the data transmission link between base station and UE-b, Path_cCorresponding wave beam group Close the data transmission link constituted between base station and UE-c.Wave beam training process between each UE is orthogonal.

In correlation technique, wave beam training is carried out between base station and multiple terminals, first, all of transmitted wave of base station scans Beam, the Base Transmitter wave beam sequence number that each UE is received using omnidirectional antenna and selection obtains preferred channels quality respectively；Then, respectively The sequence number of respective selected launching beam is fed back to base station by individual UE；The launching beam sequence number that base station is fed back according to UE is successively to each UE launches corresponding wave beam, and each UE timesharing is sent to the directional beam of oneself to base station and carries out reception scanning, it is then determined that from Oneself optimal reception wave beam.

Because base station needs to carry out wave beam training respectively with multiple UE according to the feedback timesharing of each UE, therefore, with UE numbers Purpose increases, and wave beam training pilot tone cost can be raised drastically, and then reduce the availability of frequency spectrum, have impact on system throughput.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of wave beam training method and device, it is possible to increase wave beam is trained Efficiency, reduces wave beam training expense.

The invention provides a kind of wave beam training method, user terminal is applied to, the method includes：

Receive the wave beam training pilot tone that base station sends；Wherein, the corresponding transmission of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam Antenna weight vector AWV is known to the user terminal；

Channel response under different detection wave beams is estimated according to the reception to wave beam training pilot tone, is differentiated from time domain and connect Optimal critical path is received, determines that optimal orientation is launched from default directional transmissions code book according to the critical path told Wave beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination；

To the information of optimal orientation launching beam described in base station feedback.

Alternatively, the channel response under different detection wave beams is estimated in reception of the basis to wave beam training pilot tone, Including：

Pilot tone is trained according to the wave beam for receiving, under estimating that each detection wave beam AWV is combined using channel estimation method Channel response estimated matrix

Wherein, channel response estimated matrixL represents that channel maximum delay extends, and m represents that base station sends wave beam Train the number of times of pilot tone.

Alternatively, described resolution from time domain receives optimal critical path, including：

From channel response matrixRow vector in, selection with ceiling capacity row vector as critical path, it is described The corresponding relative time delay ω of critical path is：

Wherein, the argmax function representations withFound with maximum for variableAnd it is corresponding to export its Variable It is column vector2 norms, representSignal energy；Represent phase It is to time delayPath corresponding m secondary channels response estimate the column vector for constituting, be channel response estimated matrix OK Transposition；M represents that base station sends the number of times that wave beam trains pilot tone.

Alternatively, the critical path that the basis is told determines that optimal orientation is sent out from default directional transmissions code book Ejected wave beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination, including：

According to maximum-likelihood criterion, optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combinationIt is expressed as follows：

Wherein, the argmin function representations are found with minimum value by variable of χ Represent 2 norms square, Θ_χRepresent the χ column vectors of detection matrix Θ；

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum by variable of χ| | represent exhausted To value；

Wherein, matrix is detectedIt is known, the i-th behavior column vector of Θ It is default directional reception code book, n_rTable Show receiving terminal antenna element number, K_rRepresent the directional beam number that default directional reception code book is specified；It is default Directive sending code book, n_tRepresent transmitting terminal antenna element number, K_tRepresent the directional beam number that default directive sending code book is specified； " u " represents detection wave beam AWV, u_{R, i}Represent i-th and receive detection wave beam AWV, u_{T, i}Represent i-th and send detection wave beam AWV, The matrix column vectorization of vec () function representation.

Alternatively, the optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination and include：Optimal orientation is launched Wave beam sequence numberWave beam sequence number is received with optimal orientation

；

Wherein,Symbol is rounded under being；

Wherein, the optimal orientation launching beam sequence number is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam in default orientation The sequence number in code book is sent, it is that the optimal orientation receives the AWV of wave beam default that the optimal orientation receives wave beam sequence number Sequence number in directional reception code book.

Alternatively, the wave beam training pilot tone that base station sends is received, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is received, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of wave beam training pilot tone is different each time, often One time wave beam trains the corresponding AWV for receiving detection wave beam of pilot tone also different；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, default with described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that directional transmissions code book determines is different；The corresponding reception of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam AWV, the AWV from the directional reception wave beam that default directional transmissions code book described in data transfer phase determines is different.

Alternatively, wave beam training pilot tone it is corresponding send detection wave beam, receive detection wave beam be respectively provided with it is following at least One characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

Alternatively, the wave beam training pilot tone is corresponding sends detection wave beam and receives the AWV of detection wave beam by ± 1 primary Exert sharp probability distribution function generation.

Present invention also offers a kind of wave beam training method, base station is applied to, the method includes：

Wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal；Wherein, the corresponding transmission of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam Antenna weight vector AWV is known to the user terminal；

Receive that the user terminal of user terminal feedback determines from default directional transmissions code book is optimal The information of directional transmission beam.

Alternatively, the corresponding detection wave beam that sends of the wave beam training pilot tone has following at least one characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

Alternatively, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone is by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function Generation.

Alternatively, wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, the corresponding transmission of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam each time AWV is different；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, default with described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that directional transmissions code book determines is different.

Alternatively, wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, including：Led to the training of multiple user terminal broadcast beams Frequently.

Alternatively, the information of the optimal orientation launching beam is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam default Sequence number in directional transmissions code book；

Wherein, the default directional transmissions code book is the code book that base station uses in the transmission stage.

The invention provides a kind of wave beam trainer, user terminal is applied to, including：

Pilot reception module, the wave beam for receiving base station transmission trains pilot tone；Wherein, the wave beam training pilot tone correspondence Transmission detection wave beam antenna weight vector AWV be known to the user terminal；

Estimation module, the reception for basis to wave beam training pilot tone estimates that the channel under different detection wave beams rings Should, differentiated from time domain and receive optimal critical path, it is true from default directional transmissions code book according to the critical path told Make optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receives beam combination；

Feedback module, for the information to optimal orientation launching beam described in base station feedback.

Alternatively, estimation module, the reception for basis to wave beam training pilot tone is estimated under different detection wave beams Channel response, including：

Pilot tone is trained according to the wave beam for receiving, under estimating that each detection wave beam AWV is combined using channel estimation method Channel response estimated matrix

Wherein, channel response estimated matrixL represents that channel maximum delay extends, and m represents that base station sends wave beam Train the number of times of pilot tone.

Alternatively, estimation module, optimal critical path is received for being differentiated from time domain, including：

From channel response matrixRow vector in, selection with ceiling capacity row vector as critical path, it is described The corresponding relative time delay ω of critical path is：

Wherein, the argmax function representations withFound with maximum for variableAnd it is corresponding to export its Variable It is column vector2 norms, representSignal energy；Represent phase It is to time delayPath corresponding m secondary channels response estimate the column vector for constituting, be channel response estimated matrix OK Transposition；M represents that base station sends the number of times that wave beam trains pilot tone.

Alternatively, estimation module, for being determined from default directional transmissions code book according to the critical path told Optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination, including：

According to maximum-likelihood criterion, optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combinationIt is expressed as follows：

Wherein, the argmin function representations are found with minimum value by variable of χ Represent 2 norms square, Θ_χRepresent the χ column vectors of detection matrix Θ；

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum by variable of χ| | represent exhausted To value；

Wherein, matrix is detectedIt is known, the i-th behavior column vector of Θ It is default directional reception code book, n_rTable Show receiving terminal antenna element number, K_rRepresent the directional beam number that default directional reception code book is specified；It is default Directive sending code book, n_tRepresent transmitting terminal antenna element number, K_tRepresent the directional beam number that default directive sending code book is specified； " u " represents detection wave beam AWV, u_{R, i}Represent i-th and receive detection wave beam AWV, u_{T, i}Represent i-th and send detection wave beam AWV, The matrix column vectorization of vec () function representation.

Alternatively, the optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination and include：Optimal orientation is launched Wave beam sequence numberWave beam sequence number is received with optimal orientation

；

Wherein,Symbol is rounded under being；

Wherein, the optimal orientation launching beam sequence number is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam in default orientation The sequence number in code book is sent, it is that the optimal orientation receives the AWV of wave beam default that the optimal orientation receives wave beam sequence number Sequence number in directional reception code book.

Alternatively, pilot reception module, the wave beam for receiving base station transmission trains pilot tone, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is received, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of wave beam training pilot tone is different each time, often One time wave beam trains the corresponding AWV for receiving detection wave beam of pilot tone also different；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, default with described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that directional transmissions code book determines is different；The corresponding reception of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam AWV, the AWV from the directional reception wave beam that default directional transmissions code book described in data transfer phase determines is different.

Alternatively, wave beam training pilot tone it is corresponding send detection wave beam, receive detection wave beam be respectively provided with it is following at least One characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

Alternatively, the wave beam training pilot tone is corresponding sends detection wave beam and receives the AWV of detection wave beam by ± 1 primary Exert sharp probability distribution function generation.

Present invention also offers a kind of wave beam trainer, base station is applied to, including：

Pilot tone sending module, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal；Wherein, the wave beam training pilot tone correspondence Transmission detection wave beam antenna weight vector AWV be known to the user terminal；

Response receiver module, for receiving the user terminal of user terminal feedback from default directional transmissions code The information of the optimal orientation launching beam determined in this.

Alternatively, the corresponding detection wave beam that sends of the wave beam training pilot tone has following at least one characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

Alternatively, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone is by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function Generation.

Alternatively, pilot tone sending module, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, the corresponding transmission of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam each time AWV is different；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, default with described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that directional transmissions code book determines is different.

Alternatively, pilot tone sending module, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal, including：To multiple user's ends End broadcast beam training pilot tone.

Alternatively, the information of the optimal orientation launching beam is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam default Sequence number in directional transmissions code book；

Wherein, the default directional transmissions code book is the code book that base station uses in the transmission stage.

Compared with prior art, the present invention is provided a kind of wave beam training method and device, the wave beam training stage uses non- Directional beam is trained, and user terminal can estimate optimal launching beam from channel response and receive the combination of wave beam, by With each user terminal of parallel training, therefore the efficiency that wave beam is trained can greatly improved in base station, reduce wave beam training Expense.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is SISO-Beamforming communication system transmit-receives end schematic diagram in correlation technique.

Fig. 2 is the multi-user beam Training scene schematic diagram under SISO-Beamforming in correlation technique.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram stage by stage of the training flow of the embodiment of the present invention.

The detection beam antenna radiation diagram that Fig. 4 is produced for Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the pilot tone transmitting-receiving schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the detection-phase schematic flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is wave beam training method flow chart (base station side) of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is wave beam training method flow chart (subscriber terminal side) of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is wave beam trainer schematic diagram (base station side) of the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 is wave beam trainer schematic diagram (subscriber terminal side) of the embodiment of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the present invention Embodiment be described in detail.It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, in the embodiment and embodiment in the application Feature can mutually be combined.

In the technical solution adopted by the present invention, data transfer beam antenna weight vector (AWV) collection of data transfer phase Closing can be with difference with the detection wave beam AWV set of waveform training stage.If the transmission beam AWV of data transfer phase is instructed with wave beam The detection wave beam AWV for practicing the stage is identical, and this patent is suggested plans and can still support.Correspondingly, transmission wave is represented with symbol " w " Beam AWV, detection wave beam AWV is represented with symbol " u ".Specifically, transmission beam AWV is specified by default directional beam code book. Transmission beam code book is a matrix of n × K, i.e.,N represents antenna element number, and K represents that transmission beam code book is specified Directional beam number, and n≤K.Correspondingly, it is a n to receive transmission beam code book_r×K_rMatrix, i.e., Wherein n_rRepresent receiving terminal antenna element number, K_rRepresent and receive the directional beam number that codebook matrix is specified.Send transmission beam code book It is a n_t×K_tMatrix, i.e.,Wherein n_tRepresent transmitting terminal antenna element number, K_tRepresent that sending codebook matrix refers to Fixed directional beam number.Matrix W_rAnd matrix W_tEach row all represent one generation directional beam default AWV.Wherein, w_{R, k} Represent and receive codebook matrix W_rKth row, w_{T, l}Represent and send codebook matrix W_tL row.

In the case where receiving terminal SNR criterions are maximized, wave beam training is to find optimal beam group from Preset Transfer wave beam code book Close (k_opt, l_opt), to maximize the receiving terminal SNR of data transfer phase, wherein k_optRepresent the reception code under best beam combination This matrix W_rRow sequence number, l_optRepresent the transmission codebook matrix W under best beam combination_tRow sequence number.

As shown in figure 3, overall training flow includes four-stage, it is respectively：Initial phase, training stage, detection rank Section and response phase.Train T UE in wherein 1 base station.In the wave beam training stage, pilot broadcasts are given all UE, each UE by base station Can respectively realize that beam combination is detected.The transmitting terminal optimal beam sequence number that each UE will be detected feeds back to base station.This meaning , multi-user beam training is parallel, and training expense is independently of the number of loads in network.

Wave beam training method of the invention, specifically includes the following four stage：

1) initial phase

In the initial phase, base station is opened and the wave beam between multiple UE (User Equipment, user terminal) Training.

2) training stage

In the training stage, base station will train pilot broadcasts to all UE.Each UE receives the training pilot tone.

Specifically, for each x sequence of the pilot tone, detection wave beam AWV differences are sent, receives detection wave beam AWV It is different.Can be specified by advance agreement so that the transmission detection wave beam AWV of each UE known base station.

The detection wave beam for being carried, it is desirable to which antenna gain envelope has a feature of non-significant directionality, and two-by-two wave beam it Between there is no significant correlation, i.e. independence.Detection wave beam is realized by the configuration of aerial array AWV, for example each Detect the AWV (u of wave beam_{R, i}And u_{T, i}) in all elements be all by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function generate, and mutually solely It is vertical.

Such as, a kind of method for generating detection wave beam AWV is as follows：

Send the AWV (u of detection wave beam_{T, i}) and receive the AWV (u for detecting wave beam_{R, i}) in all elements be all by ± 1 primary Sharp probability distribution function generation is exerted, and it is independent mutually.In order to make it easy to understand, in 16 unit ULA (uniform circular Arrays, Homogeneous Circular aerial array) under, preset codebook design schemes under detection beam antenna radiation diagram as shown in figure 4, its In (a) figure be to send detection wave beam AWV, u_{T, i}=[1；-1；1；1；-1；1；1；1；1；1；1；1；-1；-1；-1；- 1], (b) figure is Receive detection wave beam AWV, u_{R, i}=[- 1；-1；-1；-1；-1；1；1；-1；-1；1；-1；1；-1；1；1；1].Above-mentioned detection wave beam Without clear and definite directionality.

As shown in Figure 5.Wave beam trains pilot tone to be repeated to constitute by multiple x sequences.X sequences are classical channel estimation sequence Row, such as PN sequences or Golay sequences etc..Transmitting-receiving wave beam (AWV) corresponding to each x channel estimation sequence is differed, and Transmitting terminal sends the AWV that pilot tone is used, and receiving terminal needs known.Therefore, transmitting terminal AWV can in advance be transferred to receiving terminal, or The formulation (such as, agreement predetermined channel estimating pilot frequency, receiving terminal known to) of AWV generating modes is directly carried out by agreement.It is total to receive Hair x sequence numbers are m, which determine whole training expense.According to compressive sensing theory, detection wave beam number of combinations m=α log (K_rK_t).Wherein, empirical parameter α is referred to as detecting wave beam number of combinations coefficient, decides the effect of beam combination detection.Specifically, With the increase of detection wave beam number of combinations factor alpha, we can obtain preferably detection performance, but can also produce bigger training Expense.

In addition, system can according to actual needs set transmission beam AWV code books.For example, IEEE802.15.3c standard gauges Fixed transmission beam AWV code books.The code book only requires that analog phase shifter can provide 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° four kinds of controllable phases Position.Specifically, the numerical value of (i, the m) element in transmission stage codebook matrix W is expressed as：

Wherein, i=0 ..., n-1 represent antenna serial number, and m=0 ..., K-1 represents code book sequence number, and K represents orientation code book Number (i.e. controllable numbers of beams).

3) detection-phase

In the detection-phase, the channel response under the different detection wave beam AWV of each UE independent estimations, so that it is separately detect Corresponding optimal beam combination.If UE receives the wave beam training pilot tone of broadcast, it would be desirable that examined by critical path beam combination Method of determining and calculating obtains critical path beam combination sequence number setWithWherein,Represent and send wave beam sequence number,Base can be supplied to Stand,Represent and receive wave beam sequence number,UE can be supplied to.

Specifically, for any UE, critical path beam combination detection algorithm differentiates critical path, Ran Houcong from time domain Corresponding optimal beam combination is detected in default transmission beam AWV code books.By the ripple that data transfer wave beam code book is generated Beam has very strong directionality, so the process of detection beam combination is equivalent to volume-search coverage.Specifically, the algorithm is by channel Estimate, critical path selection and optimal beam combine detection are constituted, structured flowchart is as shown in Figure 6.

(1) channel estimation

Pilot tone is trained according to the wave beam for receiving, using channel estimations such as minimum variance estimate or nonlinear IEM models Algorithm, estimates the channel response estimated matrix under the AWV combinations of each detection wave beamWherein, channel response estimated matrixL represents that channel maximum delay extends, and m represents that repetition sends x sequence numbers, is also detection wave beam number of combinations.

(2) critical path selection

From channel response estimated matrixRow vector in, selection with ceiling capacity row vector, i.e., selection have most The critical path of big energy, wherein relative time delay as critical path mark.If representing the corresponding phase of critical path with ω To time delay, then

Wherein, the argmax function representations withFound with maximum for variableAnd it is corresponding to export its Variable It is column vector2 norms, i.e.,Signal energy；Represent relative Time delay isPath the column vector estimated of m secondary channels response, and be channel response estimated matrix Capable transposition； M represents that repetition sends the number of times that wave beam trains pilot tone, is also detection wave beam number of combinations.

(3) optimal beam combination selection

Critical path be optimal beam combination point to physical channel path, time domain estimate critical path it is relative when After prolonging ω, if the launching beam sequence number of transmitting terminal known to receiving terminal, can by maximal possibility estimation, estimate with it is described The optimum reception wave beam sequence number that launching beam sequence number is most matched, it is specific as follows：

According to maximum-likelihood criterion, optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combinationIt is expressed as follows：

Wherein, the argmin function representations are found with minimum value by variable of χ Represent 2 norms square, Θ_χRepresent the χ column vectors of detection matrix Θ；

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum by variable of χ| | represent exhausted To value；

Wherein, matrix is detectedIt is known, the i-th behavior column vector of Θ It is default directional reception code book, n_rTable Show receiving terminal antenna element number, K_rRepresent the directional beam number that default directional reception code book is specified；It is default Directive sending code book, n_tRepresent transmitting terminal antenna element number, K_tRepresent the directional beam number that default directive sending code book is specified； " u " represents detection wave beam AWV, u_{R, i}Represent i-th and receive detection wave beam AWV, u_{T, i}Represent i-th and send detection wave beam AWV； The matrix column vectorization of vec () function representation；

And then, obtain the optimal orientation launching beam sequence number of base stationOptimal orientation with UE receives wave beam sequence numberIt is as follows It is shown：

Wherein,Symbol is rounded under being.

4) response phase

In the response phase, the training result comprising optimal beam combination sequence number is fed back to base station by multiple UE, and (each UE can With successively to base station feedback).Wave beam training terminates.

The present invention can realize the synchronous search of multi-user beam combination so that training expense is separate with number of users, can Training expense is greatly lowered, wave beam training effectiveness is improved.

As shown in fig. 7, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of wave beam training method, base station is applied to, the method includes：

S701, wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal；Wherein, the corresponding transmission probing wave of the wave beam training pilot tone The antenna weight vector AWV of beam is known to the user terminal；

S702, what the user terminal that the reception user terminal feeds back was determined from default directional transmissions code book The information of optimal orientation launching beam；

Wherein, wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, including：Pilot tone is trained to multiple user terminal broadcast beams；

Wherein, the corresponding detection wave beam that sends of the wave beam training pilot tone has following at least one characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence；That is, any two does not have significant correlation between sending detection wave beam；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone is given birth to by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function Into；That is, wave beam training pilot tone is corresponding and sends detection wave beam to be the configuration by aerial array AWV realizes, example Such as the AWV (u of each transmission detection wave beam_{T, i}) in all elements be all by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function generate, and It is independent mutually.

Wherein, wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, the corresponding transmission of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam each time AWV is different；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, default with described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that directional transmissions code book determines is different；

Wherein, the information of the optimal orientation launching beam is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam default fixed To the sequence number in transmission code book；The default directional transmissions code book is the code book that base station uses in the transmission stage；

As shown in figure 8, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of wave beam training method, user terminal, the method bag are applied to Include：

S801, receives the wave beam training pilot tone that base station sends；Wherein, the corresponding transmission probing wave of the wave beam training pilot tone The antenna weight vector AWV of beam is known to the user terminal；

S802, estimates the channel response under different detection wave beams, from time domain according to the reception to wave beam training pilot tone Differentiate and receive optimal critical path, it is optimal fixed to be determined from default directional transmissions code book according to the critical path told Beam combination is received to launching beam and optimal orientation；

S803, to the information of optimal orientation launching beam described in base station feedback；

Wherein, the wave beam training pilot tone that base station sends is received, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is received, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of wave beam training pilot tone is different each time, often One time wave beam trains the corresponding AWV for receiving detection wave beam of pilot tone also different；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, default with described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that directional transmissions code book determines is different；The corresponding reception of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam AWV, the AWV from the directional reception wave beam that default directional transmissions code book described in data transfer phase determines is different；

Wherein, the corresponding detection wave beam, reception detection wave beam of sending of the wave beam training pilot tone is respectively provided with following at least one Individual characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence；That is, without notable between any two detection wave beam (send detection wave beam, receive detection wave beam) Correlation；

Wherein, the AWV of the corresponding detection wave beam of wave beam training pilot tone (send detection wave beam, receive detection wave beam) by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function is generated；That is, the corresponding wave beam that detects of the wave beam training pilot tone (sends detection wave beam, connects Receive detection wave beam) it is to be realized by the configuration of aerial array AWV, such as AWV (u of each detection wave beam_{T, i}, u_{R, i}) in All elements are generated by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function, and independent mutually.

Wherein, the channel response under different detection wave beams, bag are estimated in reception of the basis to wave beam training pilot tone Include：

Pilot tone is trained according to the wave beam for receiving, under estimating that each detection wave beam AWV is combined using channel estimation method Channel response estimated matrixWherein, channel response estimated matrixL represents that channel maximum delay extends, and m is represented Base station sends the number of times that wave beam trains pilot tone, namely detection wave beam number of combinations；

Wherein, described resolution from time domain receives optimal critical path, including：

From channel response matrixRow vector in, selection with ceiling capacity row vector as critical path, it is described Critical path is using relative time delay ω as mark；

Wherein, the argmax function representations withFound with maximum for variableAnd it is corresponding to export its Variable It is column vector2 norms, representSignal energy；Represent phase It is to time delayWhen m secondary channels response estimate constitute column vector, be channel response matrix Capable transposition；M is represented Base station sends the number of times that wave beam trains pilot tone, namely detection wave beam number of combinations；

Wherein, the critical path that the basis is told determines that optimal orientation is launched from default directional transmissions code book Wave beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination, including：

According to maximum-likelihood criterion, optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combinationIt is expressed as follows：

Wherein, the argmin function representations are found with minimum value by variable of χ Represent 2 norms square, Θ_χRepresent the χ column vectors of detection matrix Θ；

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum by variable of χ| | represent exhausted To value；

Wherein, matrix is detectedIt is known, the i-th behavior column vector of Θ It is default directional reception code book, n_rTable Show receiving terminal antenna element number, K_rRepresent the directional beam number that default directional reception code book is specified；It is default Directive sending code book, n_tRepresent transmitting terminal antenna element number, K_tRepresent the directional beam number that default directive sending code book is specified； " u " represents detection wave beam AWV, u_{R, i}Represent i-th and receive detection wave beam AWV, u_{T, i}Represent i-th and send detection wave beam AWV, The matrix column vectorization of vec () function representation；

Wherein, the optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination includes optimal orientation launching beam Sequence numberWave beam sequence number is received with optimal orientation

；

Wherein,Symbol is rounded under being；

Wherein, the optimal orientation launching beam sequence number is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam in default orientation The sequence number in code book is sent, it is that the optimal orientation receives the AWV of wave beam default that the optimal orientation receives wave beam sequence number Sequence number in directional reception code book；

Wherein, the default directive sending code book is the transmission code book that base station uses in the transmission stage, described default Directional reception code book is the reception code book that user terminal is used in the transmission stage；

As shown in figure 9, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of wave beam trainer, base station is applied to, including：

Pilot tone sending module 901, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal；Wherein, the wave beam training pilot tone The corresponding antenna weight vector AWV for sending detection wave beam is known to the user terminal；

Response receiver module 902, the user terminal for receiving the user terminal feedback is passed from default orientation The information of the optimal orientation launching beam determined in defeated code book.

Wherein, the corresponding detection wave beam that sends of the wave beam training pilot tone has following at least one characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone is given birth to by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function Into.

Wherein, pilot tone sending module 901, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, the corresponding transmission of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam each time AWV is different；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, default with described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that directional transmissions code book determines is different.

Wherein, pilot tone sending module 901, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal, including：To multiple user's ends End broadcast beam training pilot tone.

Wherein, the information of the optimal orientation launching beam is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam default fixed To the sequence number in transmission code book；Wherein, the default directional transmissions code book is the code book that base station uses in the transmission stage.

As shown in Figure 10, a kind of wave beam trainer is the embodiment of the invention provides, user terminal is applied to, including：

Pilot reception module 1001, the wave beam for receiving base station transmission trains pilot tone；Wherein, the wave beam training pilot tone The corresponding antenna weight vector AWV for sending detection wave beam is known to the user terminal；

The channel under different detection wave beams is estimated in estimation module 1002, the reception for basis to wave beam training pilot tone Response, differentiates from time domain and receives optimal critical path, according to the critical path told from default directional transmissions code book Determine that optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination；

Feedback module 1003, for the information to optimal orientation launching beam described in base station feedback.

Wherein, estimation module 1002, the reception for basis to wave beam training pilot tone is estimated under different detection wave beams Channel response, including：

Pilot tone is trained according to the wave beam for receiving, under estimating that each detection wave beam AWV is combined using channel estimation method Channel response estimated matrix

Wherein, channel response estimated matrixL represents that channel is maximum and expands time delay, and m represents that base station sends wave beam Train the number of times of pilot tone.

Wherein, estimation module 1002, optimal critical path is received for being differentiated from time domain, including：

From channel response matrixRow vector in, selection with ceiling capacity row vector as critical path, it is described The corresponding relative time delay ω of critical path is：

Wherein, the argmax function representations withFound with maximum for variableAnd it is corresponding to export its Variable It is column vector2 norms, representSignal energy；Represent phase It is to time delayPath corresponding m secondary channels response estimate the column vector for constituting, be channel response estimated matrix OK Transposition；M represents that base station sends the number of times that wave beam trains pilot tone.

Wherein, estimation module 1002, for being determined from default directional transmissions code book according to the critical path told Go out optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receives beam combination, including：

According to maximum-likelihood criterion, optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combinationIt is expressed as follows：

Wherein, the argmin function representations are found with minimum value by variable of χ Represent 2 norms square, Θ_χRepresent the χ column vectors of detection matrix Θ；

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum by variable of χ| | represent exhausted To value；

Wherein, matrix is detectedIt is known, the i-th behavior column vector of Θ It is default directional reception code book, n_rTable Show receiving terminal antenna element number, K_rRepresent the directional beam number that default directional reception code book is specified；It is default Directive sending code book, n_tRepresent transmitting terminal antenna element number, K_tRepresent the directional beam number that default directive sending code book is specified； " u " represents detection wave beam AWV, u_{R, i}Represent i-th and receive detection wave beam AWV, u_{T, i}Represent i-th and send detection wave beam AWV, The matrix column vectorization of vec () function representation.

Wherein, the optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination and include：Optimal orientation transmitted wave Beam sequence numberWave beam sequence number is received with optimal orientation

；

Wherein,Symbol is rounded under being；

Wherein, the optimal orientation launching beam sequence number is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam in default orientation The sequence number in code book is sent, it is that the optimal orientation receives the AWV of wave beam default that the optimal orientation receives wave beam sequence number Sequence number in directional reception code book.

Wherein, pilot reception module 1001, the wave beam for receiving base station transmission trains pilot tone, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is received, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of wave beam training pilot tone is different each time, often One time wave beam trains the corresponding AWV for receiving detection wave beam of pilot tone also different；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, default with described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that directional transmissions code book determines is different；The corresponding reception of wave beam training pilot tone detects wave beam AWV, the AWV from the directional reception wave beam that default directional transmissions code book described in data transfer phase determines is different.

Wherein, the corresponding detection wave beam, reception detection wave beam of sending of the wave beam training pilot tone is respectively provided with following at least one Individual characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

Wherein, corresponding detection wave beam and the AWV of reception detection wave beam of sending of the wave beam training pilot tone exerts by ± 1 uncle Sharp probability distribution function generation.

A kind of wave beam training method and device that above-described embodiment is provided, the wave beam training stage are carried out using non-directional wave beam Training, user terminal can estimate optimal launching beam from channel response and receive the combination of wave beam, because base station can be simultaneously Row trains each user terminal, therefore the efficiency that wave beam is trained greatly improved, and reduces the expense of wave beam training.

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step in the above method can be instructed by program Related hardware is completed, and described program can be stored in computer-readable recording medium, such as read-only storage, disk or CD Deng.Alternatively, all or part of step of above-described embodiment can also be realized using one or more integrated circuits, accordingly Ground, each module/unit in above-described embodiment can be realized in the form of hardware, it would however also be possible to employ the shape of software function module Formula is realized.The present invention is not restricted to the combination of the hardware and software of any particular form.

It should be noted that the present invention can also have other various embodiments, without departing substantially from spiritual and its essence of the invention In the case of, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various corresponding changes and deformation according to the present invention, but these are corresponding Change and deform the protection domain that should all belong to appended claims of the invention.

Claims (28)

1. a kind of wave beam training method, is applied to user terminal, and the method includes：

Receive the wave beam training pilot tone that base station sends；Wherein, the corresponding antenna for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone Weight vector AWV is known to the user terminal；

Channel response under different detection wave beams is estimated according to the reception to wave beam training pilot tone, is differentiated from time domain and received most Good critical path, optimal orientation launching beam is determined according to the critical path told from default directional transmissions code book Beam combination is received with optimal orientation；

To the information of optimal orientation launching beam described in base station feedback.

2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The channel response under different detection wave beams is estimated in reception of the basis to wave beam training pilot tone, including：

Pilot tone is trained according to the wave beam for receiving, the channel under the AWV combinations of each detection wave beam is estimated using channel estimation method Response estimated matrix

Wherein, channel response estimated matrixL represents that channel maximum delay extends, and m represents that base station sends wave beam training The number of times of pilot tone.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：

Described resolution from time domain receives optimal critical path, including：

From channel response matrixRow vector in, selection with ceiling capacity row vector as critical path, the key The corresponding relative time delay ω in path is：

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum with l as variableAnd export its corresponding variable l；It is column vector2 norms, representSignal energy；When representing relative Prolong the column vector that composition is estimated for the corresponding m secondary channels response in the path of l, be channel response estimated matrixL rows turn Put；M represents that base station sends the number of times that wave beam trains pilot tone.

4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：

The critical path that the basis is told determines optimal orientation launching beam and most from default directional transmissions code book Good directional reception beam combination, including：

According to maximum-likelihood criterion, optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combinationIt is expressed as follows：

$\begin{array}{c}\widehat{\mathrm{\χ}}=\underset{\mathrm{\χ}}{\arg \min }\left|\right|{\hat{h}}_{\mathrm{\ω}}^{\#}-{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}{\left({\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}^H{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}\right)}^{-1}{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}^H{\hat{h}}_{\mathrm{\ω}}^{\#}|{|}_2^2\\ =\underset{\mathrm{\χ}}{\arg \max }\left|\frac{{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}^H}{\left|\right|{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}|{|}_2}{\hat{h}}_{\mathrm{\ω}}^{\#}\right|\end{array};$

Wherein, the argmin function representations are found with minimum value by variable of χ Represent 2 norms square, Θ_χRepresent the χ column vectors of detection matrix Θ；

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum by variable of χ| | represent absolute value；

Wherein, matrix is detectedIt is known, the i-th behavior column vector of Θ $b_{r,i}=W_r^H{\left(W_r{W}_r^H\right)}^{-1}{u}_{r,i},$ $b_{t,i}=W_t^H{\left(W_t{W}_t^H\right)}^{-1}{u}_{t,i};$ It is default directional reception code book, n_rRepresent receiving terminal antenna element number, K_rTable Show the directional beam number that default directional reception code book is specified；It is default directive sending code book, n_tRepresent and send End antenna element number, K_tRepresent the directional beam number that default directive sending code book is specified；" u " represents detection wave beam AWV, u_{R, i} Represent i-th and receive detection wave beam AWV, u_{T, i}Represent i-th send detection wave beam AWV, vec () function representation matrix column to Quantify.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：

The optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination to be included：Optimal orientation launching beam sequence numberWith Optimal orientation receives wave beam sequence number

；

$\hat{k}=\widehat{\mathrm{\χ}}-K_r\hat{l}$

Wherein,Symbol is rounded under being；

Wherein, the optimal orientation launching beam sequence number is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam in default directive sending Sequence number in code book, it is that the optimal orientation receives the AWV of wave beam in default orientation that the optimal orientation receives wave beam sequence number Receive the sequence number in code book.

6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The wave beam training pilot tone that base station sends is received, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is received, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of wave beam training pilot tone is different each time, each time The corresponding AWV for receiving detection wave beam is also different for wave beam training pilot tone；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, with default orientation described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that transmission code book determines is different；The wave beam training pilot tone is corresponding to receive the AWV for detecting wave beam, AWV from the directional reception wave beam that default directional transmissions code book described in data transfer phase determines is different.

7. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The corresponding detection wave beam, reception detection wave beam of sending of the wave beam training pilot tone is respectively provided with following at least one characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：

Corresponding detection wave beam and the AWV of reception detection wave beam of sending of the wave beam training pilot tone divides at random by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob Cloth function is generated.

9. a kind of wave beam training method, is applied to base station, and the method includes：

Wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal；Wherein, the corresponding antenna for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone Weight vector AWV is known to the user terminal；

Receive the optimal orientation that the user terminal of the user terminal feedback is determined from default directional transmissions code book The information of launching beam.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：

The corresponding detection wave beam that sends of the wave beam training pilot tone has following at least one characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

11. methods as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：

The wave beam trains the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of pilot tone to be generated by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function.

12. methods as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：

Wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, the corresponding transmission of wave beam training pilot tone each time detects the AWV of wave beam not Together；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, with default orientation described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that transmission code book determines is different.

13. methods as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：

Wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, including：Pilot tone is trained to multiple user terminal broadcast beams.

14. methods as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：

The information of the optimal orientation launching beam is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam in default directional transmissions code book In sequence number；

Wherein, the default directional transmissions code book is the code book that base station uses in the transmission stage.

A kind of 15. wave beam trainers, are applied to user terminal, including：

Pilot reception module, the wave beam for receiving base station transmission trains pilot tone；Wherein, the corresponding hair of the wave beam training pilot tone The antenna weight vector AWV for sending detection wave beam is known to the user terminal；

The channel response under different detection wave beams is estimated in estimation module, the reception for basis to wave beam training pilot tone, from Time domain is differentiated and receives optimal critical path, is determined most from default directional transmissions code book according to the critical path told Good directional transmission beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination；

Feedback module, for the information to optimal orientation launching beam described in base station feedback.

16. devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that：

The channel response under different detection wave beams, bag are estimated in estimation module, the reception for basis to wave beam training pilot tone Include：

Pilot tone is trained according to the wave beam for receiving, the channel under the AWV combinations of each detection wave beam is estimated using channel estimation method Response estimated matrix

Wherein, channel response estimated matrixL represents that channel maximum delay extends, and m represents that base station sends wave beam training The number of times of pilot tone.

17. devices as claimed in claim 16, it is characterised in that：

Estimation module, optimal critical path is received for being differentiated from time domain, including：

From channel response matrixRow vector in, selection with ceiling capacity row vector as critical path, the key The corresponding relative time delay ω in path is：

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum with l as variableAnd export its corresponding variable l；It is column vector2 norms, representSignal energy；When representing relative Prolong the column vector that composition is estimated for the corresponding m secondary channels response in the path of l, be channel response estimated matrixL rows turn Put；M represents that base station sends the number of times that wave beam trains pilot tone.

18. devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that：

Estimation module, for determining that optimal orientation is launched from default directional transmissions code book according to the critical path told Wave beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination, including：

According to maximum-likelihood criterion, optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combinationIt is expressed as follows：

$\begin{array}{c}\widehat{\mathrm{\χ}}=\underset{\mathrm{\χ}}{\arg \min }\left|\right|{\hat{h}}_{\mathrm{\ω}}^{\#}-{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}{\left({\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}^H{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}\right)}^{-1}{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}^H{\hat{h}}_{\mathrm{\ω}}^{\#}|{|}_2^2\\ =\underset{\mathrm{\χ}}{\arg \max }\left|\frac{{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}^H}{\left|\right|{\mathrm{\Θ}}_{\mathrm{\χ}}|{|}_2}{\hat{h}}_{\mathrm{\ω}}^{\#}\right|\end{array};$

Wherein, the argmin function representations are found with minimum value by variable of χ Represent 2 norms square, Θ_χRepresent the χ column vectors of detection matrix Θ；

Wherein, the argmax function representations are found with maximum by variable of χ| | represent absolute value；

Wherein, matrix is detectedIt is known, the i-th behavior column vector of Θ $b_{r,i}=W_r^H{\left(W_r{W}_r^H\right)}^{-1}{u}_{r,i},$ $b_{t,i}=W_t^H{\left(W_t{W}_t^H\right)}^{-1}{u}_{t,i};$ It is default directional reception code book, n_rRepresent receiving terminal antenna element number, K_r Represent the directional beam number that default directional reception code book is specified；It is default directive sending code book, n_tRepresent hair Sending end antenna element number, K_tRepresent the directional beam number that default directive sending code book is specified；" u " represents detection wave beam AWV, u_{R, i}Represent i-th and receive detection wave beam AWV, u_{T, i}Represent i-th and send detection wave beam AWV, vec () function representation matrix column Vectorization.

19. devices as claimed in claim 16, it is characterised in that：

The optimal orientation launching beam and optimal orientation receive beam combination to be included：Optimal orientation launching beam sequence numberWith Optimal orientation receives wave beam sequence number

；

$\hat{k}=\widehat{\mathrm{\χ}}-K_r\hat{l}$

Wherein,Symbol is rounded under being；

Wherein, the optimal orientation launching beam sequence number is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam in default directive sending Sequence number in code book, it is that the optimal orientation receives the AWV of wave beam in default orientation that the optimal orientation receives wave beam sequence number Receive the sequence number in code book.

20. devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that：

Pilot reception module, the wave beam for receiving base station transmission trains pilot tone, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is received, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of wave beam training pilot tone is different each time, each time The corresponding AWV for receiving detection wave beam is also different for wave beam training pilot tone；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, with default orientation described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that transmission code book determines is different；The wave beam training pilot tone is corresponding to receive the AWV for detecting wave beam, AWV from the directional reception wave beam that default directional transmissions code book described in data transfer phase determines is different.

21. devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that：

The corresponding detection wave beam, reception detection wave beam of sending of the wave beam training pilot tone is respectively provided with following at least one characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

22. devices as claimed in claim 21, it is characterised in that：

Corresponding detection wave beam and the AWV of reception detection wave beam of sending of the wave beam training pilot tone divides at random by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob Cloth function is generated.

A kind of 23. wave beam trainers, are applied to base station, including：

Pilot tone sending module, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal；Wherein, the corresponding hair of the wave beam training pilot tone The antenna weight vector AWV for sending detection wave beam is known to the user terminal；

Response receiver module, for receiving the user terminal of user terminal feedback from default directional transmissions code book The information of the optimal orientation launching beam determined.

24. devices as claimed in claim 23, it is characterised in that：

The corresponding detection wave beam that sends of the wave beam training pilot tone has following at least one characteristic：

A) non-significant directionality；

B) independence.

25. devices as claimed in claim 24, it is characterised in that：

The wave beam trains the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of pilot tone to be generated by ± 1 Bernoulli Jacob's probability distribution function.

26. devices as claimed in claim 24, it is characterised in that：

Pilot tone sending module, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal, including：

M wave beam training pilot tone is sent to user terminal, the corresponding transmission of wave beam training pilot tone each time detects the AWV of wave beam not Together；M is more than or equal to 1；

Wherein, the corresponding AWV for sending detection wave beam of the wave beam training pilot tone, with default orientation described in data transfer phase The AWV of the directive sending wave beam that transmission code book determines is different.

27. devices as claimed in claim 23, it is characterised in that：

Pilot tone sending module, for sending wave beam training pilot tone to user terminal, including：Instructed to multiple user terminal broadcast beams Practice pilot tone.

28. devices as claimed in claim 23, it is characterised in that：

The information of the optimal orientation launching beam is the AWV of the optimal orientation launching beam in default directional transmissions code book In sequence number；

Wherein, the default directional transmissions code book is the code book that base station uses in the transmission stage.