CN106910585A - A kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material and preparation method thereof and motor - Google Patents
A kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material and preparation method thereof and motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106910585A CN106910585A CN201510974491.4A CN201510974491A CN106910585A CN 106910585 A CN106910585 A CN 106910585A CN 201510974491 A CN201510974491 A CN 201510974491A CN 106910585 A CN106910585 A CN 106910585A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/059—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and Va elements, e.g. Sm2Fe17N2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, it contains neodymium iron boron bulk alloy and additive, and the additive contains Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, nitride and carbide.Present invention also offers a kind of method for preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, the method comprises the steps：(1) neodymium iron boron bulk alloy is mixed with additive, it is compressing under the conditions of magnetic field orientating, obtain blank；The additive contains Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, nitride and carbide；(2) blank is sintered and is tempered under vacuum or inert gas shielding.Present invention also offers the motor including Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material as described above, the motor includes Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material as described above.By above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can enable Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material not only to have had the mechanical property for improving but also the normal temperature coercivity and high-temperature magnetic with raising in the case where keeping remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product to be basically unchanged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of material technology, in particular it relates to a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, one kind
Prepare the method for Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material that the method is prepared and one kind electricity
Machine.
Background technology
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material because of its relatively low cost and excellent magnetic property, since being born from nineteen eighty-three
Obtained rapid development, its application popularization to space flight navigation, the energy, health care, computer,
The field such as communication and auto industry.High performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material can be as manufacture new energy vapour
The main material of the power motor of car and the rotor/stator of specific type of electric machine.Due to Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material tool
Have the advantages that small volume, magnetic property are high, so using the motor of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material relative to iron oxygen
Body magneto volume can reduce 1/2, and weight reduces 60%, and power can improve 40%.Therefore,
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material has turned into indispensable magnetic material in people's daily life, particularly calculates
The popularization of the equipment such as machine, communication and the high speed development of automobile motor, make its application prospect wider
It is wealthy.
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material is with Nd2Fe14B intermetallic compounds are to change between the alloy of matrix, metal
Compound generally has the features such as crystal structure is complicated, and slip system is few, thus causes its toughness plasticity poor.
The fragility of this material, causes machining difficult, often occur peeling off during production and use,
Fall corner, problems of crack, and it is limited in the application that anti-knock shock resistance requirement high field is closed
System.
The Curie temperature of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material is low, the big shortcoming of temperature coefficient also seriously limit it
Application under high temperature applicationss.The method for improving the high-temperature behavior of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material is mainly by carrying
High-coercive force realizes, specifically, sintered NdFeB magnetic can be improved by compound addition Co, Cu, Al
The Curie temperature and coercivity of body, thus improve the heat endurance of magnet, but add above-mentioned element and all can
Cause the decline of magnet remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product.
Range of application with Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material increasingly increases, its combination property, such as room temperature magnetism
The requirement more and more higher of energy, heat endurance, mechanical property etc..The heat endurance of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material
Closely related with intergranular microscopic structure, crystal boundary rich-Nd phase is that Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material obtains high-coercive force
It is crucial.But rich-Nd phase is in itself mechanics reduction phase, is the weakest link of magnet, therefore neodymium iron boron
Permanent-magnet material is easily broken from crystal boundary rich-Nd phase, and this is that Sintered NdFeB magnet occurs brittle fracture
Main cause.So, the intensity and toughness for improving crystal boundary should be improvement Sintered NdFeB magnet mechanical property
The basic skills of energy.
Numerous studies show, by single alloyage, i.e., alloy unit are added in Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material
Element, can further improve coercivity and mechanical strength.Its main cause is this dvielement in intergranular shape
Into some cenotypes and improvement border structure.But single alloyage adds alloying element often in molten alloy
Preceding addition, alloying element not only enters intergranular, also into principal phase.Thus improve coercivity also along with
The reduction of remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product.In order to be effectively improved the combination property of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, control is closed
Reasonable layout of the gold element in magnet is extremely important.Found by numerous studies, dual alloy method can be with
The characteristic of Grain-Boundary Phase is targetedly controlled, border structure is significantly improved.In dual alloy method,
Principal phase is sintered according to a certain ratio with Grain-Boundary Phase, the compound addition of crystal boundary can improve crystal boundary structure and knot
Structure particularly crystal edge region.Thus Nd is both ensured2Fe14There is rich-Nd phase to isolate around B crystal grain,
Precipitation of the rich-Nd phase in principal phase and the reunion at crystal boundary friendship corner are reduced again, thus magnet is existing higher
Coercivity and heat endurance, and with mechanical property higher.But, existing Neodymium iron boron magnetic material
Material also further need to simultaneously improve coercivity, heat steady in the case where remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product keep constant
Qualitative and mechanical property.
For example, patent document CN201110161367.8 discloses a kind of rare-earth fluoride nano particle mixing
The miscellaneous preparation method for preparing high-coercive force neodymium iron boron magnetic body.Received using rare earth fluoride is added in micro mist
Rice powder particle enters in female powder, and performance is improved compared with the single alloy with sample ingredient, but rectifys
Stupid power increase rate is appointed so not enough.Again for example, patent document CN201210266800.9 discloses one kind
Nanometer toughness reinforcing neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material and preparation method, it is mentioned that forming nanometer on neodymium iron boron crystal boundary
Compound Grain-Boundary Phase, realizes without heavy rare earth doping using SH grades of rare earth permanent-magnetic material of M, H grade of preparation,
Nanometer additive therein includes the alloy of Al, Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn, Nb, Co, Ga composition；
In sintering process, nano powder forms crystal boundary with principal phase, and coercivity is greatly improved, while producing
The machining property of product is also improved, but the neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material mechanical property still needs to be carried
It is high.
The content of the invention
In the case of keeping constant in remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic is further improved simultaneously
The coercivity of material, heat endurance and mechanical property, the invention provides a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material
The Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material that material, a kind of method for preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, the method are prepared
With a kind of motor.
It was found by the inventors of the present invention that preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, energy using specific additive
The border structure and tissue of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material is enough set to be obtained for obvious improvement, so that neodymium iron
B permanent magnetic material in the case where remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product keep constant, both with good coercivity and height
Warm nature energy, and with the mechanical property for improving, resulting in the present invention.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material contains
Neodymium iron boron bulk alloy and additive, wherein, the additive contain Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound,
Nitride and carbide；Relative to the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of 100 weight portions, the Rare-Earth Cobalt gold
The content of compound is 0.005-5 weight portions between category, and the content of the nitride is 0.005-3 weight portions,
The content of the carbide is 0.005-2 weight portions.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of method for preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, wherein,
The method comprises the steps：(1) neodymium iron boron bulk alloy is mixed with additive, in magnetic field orientating
Under the conditions of it is compressing, obtain blank；The additive contains Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, nitridation
Thing and carbide；(2) blank is sintered and is tempered under vacuum or inert gas shielding；
Wherein, relative to the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of 100 weight portions, the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound
Consumption be 0.005-5 weight portions, the consumption of the nitride is 0.005-3 weight portions, the carbide
Consumption be 0.005-2 weight portions.
On the other hand, present invention also offers the neodymium iron boron prepared according to method as described above forever
Magnetic material.
Another further aspect, present invention also offers a kind of motor, wherein, the motor includes as described above
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can keep remanent magnetism (Br) and magnetic energy product (BH)max
In the case of being basically unchanged, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material had not only been there is the mechanical property of improvement but also has been had and improve
Normal temperature coercivity and high-temperature magnetic energy.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail below.It should be appreciated that this place
The specific embodiment of description is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material contains
Neodymium iron boron bulk alloy and additive, wherein, the additive contain Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound,
Nitride and carbide；Relative to the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of 100 weight portions, the Rare-Earth Cobalt gold
The content of compound is 0.005-5 weight portions between category, and the content of the nitride is 0.005-3 weight portions,
The content of the carbide is 0.005-2 weight portions.
Wherein, Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is mainly distributed on grain boundary so that main phase grain surface
Crystal magnetic anisotropic increase, the generation of anti-magnetic domain is suppressed, and the coercivity of whole magnet is all obtained
Effectively improve, and improve the high-temperature magnetic energy of magnet.
Wherein, addition nitride is present to can replenish in sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material in preparation process
Stomata and defect, increase magnet compactness and continuity.So as to improve the mechanical property of magnet.
For fragile material, the particle of addition can suppress the extension and propagation of crackle, equivalent to strengthening and toughening,
This is similar to particle humidification in composite.The nitride is located at grain boundary, improves brilliant
The uniformity on boundary, crystal grain thinning, pinning crystal boundary suppresses the generation of magnetic reversal farmland, can significantly improve neodymium iron
The mechanical property and coercivity and high-temperature magnetic energy of boron magnet.
Wherein, nano-carbide can cause that the influence in Growing Process of Crystal Particles to sintering temperature is unwise
Sense, by after the sintering of relatively long time, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material of different sintered locations can be made
Magnetic property difference reduce, the distribution of Grain-Boundary Phase is more uniform in magnet, so as to substantially eliminate master
The phenomenon of phase crystal grain directly contact, is suppressed irregular the growing up of crystal grain, so as to hinder principal phase
Crystal grain is grown up, and is prevented the forming core on magnetic reversal farmland and is grown up, while directly connecing between reducing main phase grain
Touch, the exchange-coupling interaction between main phase grain is reduced, so as to effectively improve Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material
Mechanical property and magnetic property.
Additive containing Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, nitride and carbide of the invention can make
The distribution of the Grain-Boundary Phase of neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material is more uniform, pinning crystal boundary, suppresses the irregular of crystal grain
Grow up, reduce the directly contact between main phase grain and the exchange-coupling interaction between main phase grain, increase magnetic
The compactness and continuity of body；Thus sintered Nd-Fe-B magnetic material is made to obtain the mechanical property for having raising concurrently
The magnetic that can and improve.
Wherein, in the case of in order to keep constant in remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product, neodymium iron is further improved simultaneously
The coercivity of B permanent magnetic material, heat endurance and mechanical property, it is preferable that relative to 100 weight portions
The neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, the content of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 0.01-2.5 weight portions,
The content of the nitride is 0.01-1.6 weight portions, and the content of the carbide is 0.01-1 weight portions.
Wherein, according to a kind of implementation method specifically preferred according to the invention, relative to described in 100 weight portions
Neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, the content of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 1.5-2 weight portions, the nitrogen
The content of compound is 0.8-1.5 weight portions, and the content of the carbide is 0.5-0.8 weight portions.It is excellent at this
In the case of selecting implementation method, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material of the invention have concurrently very excellent magnetic property and
Mechanical property.
Wherein, in the case of in order to keep constant in remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product, neodymium iron is further improved simultaneously
The coercivity of B permanent magnetic material, heat endurance and mechanical property, it is preferable that between the Rare-Earth Cobalt metal
The average grain diameter of compound is 0.5-6 μm, more preferably 1-3 μm；The average grain of the nitride
Footpath is 5-40nm, more preferably 10-30nm；The average grain diameter of the carbide is
10-100nm, more preferably 30-80nm.In the preferred embodiment, it is preferred that average grain
Footpath scope can cause that the degree of oxidation and cost of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound are effectively dropped
It is low, and contribute to the coercivity of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound improvement Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material；
Preferred average particle size range can cause that the nitride is more beneficial for replenishing stomata present in matrix
And defect；Preferred average particle size range can cause that the carbide is more beneficial for making Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic
Mechanical property and the intergranular structure of magnetic property that material is improved.
Wherein, the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound refers between thulium and cobalt metal element
The compound of formation, can be RCo5Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, R2Co17Change between Rare-Earth Cobalt metal
Compound and RCo7At least one in Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound.Wherein, the nitride refers to nitrogen
The compound that element is formed with-trivalent with other elements of non-hydrogen, can be selected from metal nitride and/or non-
Metal nitride；The carbide refers to the chemical combination that carbon is formed with other elements of negative valency and non-hydrogen
Thing, can be selected from metal carbides and/or non-metallic carbide.
Wherein, R is rare earth element, can selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd,
At least one in Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc.It is particularly preferably described dilute
Native cobalt intermetallic compound is selected from GdCo5、YCo5And SmCo5In at least one.Wherein,
GdCo5Compound has anisotropy very high, YCo5Also there is high magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant
(k1=5.7 × 106J/m3) and at a relatively high saturation magnetization (u0Ms=1.06T), SmCo5Have
Good temp characteristic, Curie temperature are high, saturation magnetization is big, with temperature and environmental change good stability
And the characteristics of good reliability, its coercivity H can reach 1194-3184kA/m (15-40kOe)；
It is particularly conducive to improve the combination property of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material.
Wherein, the nitride can be selected from AlN3、TiBN、Mg2N3、Ga3N2、ZrN、
At least one in GeN, SiBN, VN, BN and TiN；Due to TiBN, SiBN and ZrN this
A little nitride are not also decomposed at a high temperature of 3000 degrees Celsius, are particularly conducive to improve Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material
The combination property of material, it is preferred that the nitride is selected from TiBN, SiBN and ZrN
Kind.
The carbide can be selected from TaC, NbC, V2C5、CrC、WC、TiC、NiC、
HfC, SiC, BC and Al2C3In at least one.Due to NbC, NiC and Cr2C3These carbonizations
Thing is not also decomposed at a high temperature of 3000 degrees Celsius, is particularly conducive to improve the comprehensive of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material
Performance is closed, it is preferred that the carbide is selected from NbC, NiC and Cr2C3In one kind.
Wherein, the additive can be dispersed in the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy.Wherein, institute
It can be the various neodymium iron boron main bodys that can be used in preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material to state neodymium iron boron bulk alloy
Alloy, for example, can have the composition shown in formula (1)：
Ra(Fe1-xCox)100-a-b-cMcBbFormula (1)
Wherein, a, b, c and x each represent percetage by weight, 26≤a≤35；0.9≤b≤1.3；0
≤c≤1.5；0≤x≤10；R be selected from Pr, Nd, La, Ce, Gd, Dy, Tb and Ho in extremely
Few one kind；M be selected from Al, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Hf, Mn, Nb, Sn, Mo, Ga and
At least one in Si.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of method for preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, wherein,
The method comprises the steps：(1) neodymium iron boron bulk alloy is mixed with additive, in magnetic field orientating
Under the conditions of it is compressing, obtain blank；The additive contains Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, nitridation
Thing and carbide；(2) blank is sintered and is tempered under vacuum or inert gas shielding；
Wherein, relative to the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of 100 weight portions, the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound
Consumption be 0.005-5 weight portions, the consumption of the nitride is 0.005-3 weight portions, the carbide
Consumption be 0.005-2 weight portions.
Wherein, the mode for neodymium iron boron bulk alloy being mixed with additive can be those skilled in the art
It is known, can uniformly mix in batch mixer.In the preferred case, can be closed in neodymium iron boron main body
Lubricant is also added when mixing with additive in bronze end.The lubricant is conventional lubricants, lubricant
Species, consumption and usage it is known to those skilled in the art, be not particularly limited, for example：Can
Using oleic acid, stearic acid and their salt, polyalcohol, polyethylene glycol, sorbierite and dehydration mountain
Mixture of pears alcohol and glyceryl stearate etc. is used as lubricant；With respect to the neodymium iron boron main body of 100 weight portions
Alloy, the consumption of the lubricant can be 0.03-0.15 weight portions.
Wherein, in the case of in order to keep constant in remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product, neodymium iron is further improved simultaneously
The coercivity of B permanent magnetic material, heat endurance and mechanical property, it is preferable that relative to 100 weight portions
The neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, the consumption of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 0.01-2.5 weight portions,
The consumption of the nitride is 0.01-1.6 weight portions, and the consumption of the carbide is 0.01-1 weight portions.
Wherein, according to a kind of implementation method specifically preferred according to the invention, relative to described in 100 weight portions
Neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, the consumption of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 1.5-2 weight portions, the nitrogen
The consumption of compound is 0.8-1.5 weight portions, and the consumption of the carbide is 0.5-0.8 weight portions.It is excellent at this
In the case of selecting implementation method, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material of the invention have concurrently very excellent magnetic property and
Mechanical property.
Wherein, in the case of in order to keep constant in remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product, neodymium iron is further improved simultaneously
The coercivity of B permanent magnetic material, heat endurance and mechanical property, it is preferable that between the Rare-Earth Cobalt metal
The average grain diameter of compound is 0.5-6 μm, more preferably 1-3 μm；The average grain of the nitride
Footpath is 5-40nm, more preferably 10-30nm；The average grain diameter of the carbide is
10-100nm, more preferably 30-80nm.
Wherein, the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound refers between thulium and cobalt metal element
The compound of formation, can be RCo5Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, R2Co17Change between Rare-Earth Cobalt metal
Compound and RCo7At least one in Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound；The nitride is selected from nitride metal
Thing and/or non-metal nitride；The carbide is selected from metal carbides and/or non-metallic carbide.
Wherein, R is rare earth element, can selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd,
At least one in Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc.It is particularly preferably described dilute
Native cobalt intermetallic compound is selected from GdCo5、YCo5And SmCo5In at least one.
Wherein, the nitride can be selected from AlN3、TiBN、Mg2N3、Ga3N2、ZrN、
At least one in GeN, SiBN, VN, BN and TiN；Preferably, the nitride is selected from
One kind in TiBN, SiBN and ZrN.
Wherein, the carbide can be selected from TaC, NbC, V2C5、CrC、WC、TiC、
NiC, HfC, SiC, BC and Al2C3In at least one.Preferably, the carbide is selected from
NbC, NiC and Cr2C3In one kind.
Wherein, the additive can be dispersed in the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy.Wherein, institute
It can be the various neodymium iron boron main bodys that can be used in preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material to state neodymium iron boron bulk alloy
Alloy, for example, can have the composition shown in formula (1)：
Ra(Fe1-xCox)100-a-b-cMcBbFormula (1)
Wherein, a, b, c and x each represent percetage by weight, 26≤a≤35；0.9≤b≤1.3；0
≤c≤1.5；0≤x≤10, balance of Fe and impurity；R be selected from Pr, Nd, La, Ce, Gd,
At least one in Dy, Tb and Ho；M be selected from Al, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Hf, Mn,
At least one in Nb, Sn, Mo, Ga and Si.
Wherein, the condition of the magnetic field orientating can be conventional use of bar in Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material
Part, for example, can include：Magnetic induction intensity can be 1-3T, preferably 1.5-2.8T；Compressing
Condition can include：Pressure can be 140-250MPa, preferably be 150-220MPa, press time
Can be 50-200s, preferably be 60-180s.Present invention preferably employs alignment magnetic field higher, it is easy to
It is obtained and is more preferably orientated consistent magnet, is conducive to improving coercivity.
Wherein, the condition of sintering can include：Sintering temperature can be 1000-1250 DEG C, preferably
1020-1100 DEG C, sintering time can be 1.5-7.5 hours, preferably 2-7 hours；The condition of tempering
Can include：One-level tempering is carried out at 880 DEG C -920 DEG C, and keeps 2-5h, then at 460 DEG C -550 DEG C
Second annealing is carried out, and keeps 2-5h.Wherein, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic is conducive to by two-stage temper
Material obtains good microstructure.
Wherein it is possible to blank is positioned in sintering furnace, under conditions of vacuum or inert gas shielding
Sintering.Cavity is provided with the sintering furnace, the molybdenum filament of cavity inner wall ring-type at certain intervals surround,
Energization makes molybdenum filament generate heat, and is then applied on blank in the form of heat radiation, and blank is heated,
The blank is die mould block, shape with the processing external form of required Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet as reference, one
As be square；The inert gas can be any gas for being not involved in reaction, preferably zero group unit
One or more in plain gas.
The neodymium iron boron bulk alloy can be neodymium iron boron bulk alloy ingot casting or neodymium iron boron rapid hardening thin slice,
Can be by commercially available, it is also possible to make by oneself, manufacturing process is to enter neodymium iron boron bulk alloy by component
Row melting, and neodymium iron boron bulk alloy ingot casting is made using casting technique, or use rapid hardening thin slice technique
It is made neodymium iron boron bulk alloy rapid hardening thin slice.
Wherein, the method that the casting technique is made ingot casting can be the various methods that can be used, example
The alloy molten solution after melting can be such as cast in water-cooled copper mold, ingot casting is obtained after cooling.It is excellent
Selection of land, before cooling, to the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of melting under inert gas shielding, at 1040 DEG C
The homogenization heat treatment of 6h-12h is carried out at a temperature of -1090 DEG C, and carries out coarse crushing, because existing
Cooling condition under, if cooling velocity is not fast enough, the precipitation of α-Fe can be caused, and pass through using heat
Treatment, the long period keeps at a higher temperature to make α-Fe, is reacted with boron, rare earth, enters one
Step generation rare-earth iron-boron phase, so as to eliminate α-Fe；And the work for accelerating cooling velocity is then played in coarse crushing
With.
Wherein, the rapid hardening thin slice technique is made the method for rapid hardening thin slice and various can use
Method, for example, the alloy molten solution after melting can be poured onto the copper roller surface of rotation, the inner side water flowing of copper roller
Cooling, copper roller surface linear velocity 1-2.5m/s or so, it is thin that alloy molten solution forms rapid hardening after cooling down rapidly
Piece.
Wherein, the method can also include：Ingot casting shape and/or the laminar neodymium iron boron main body of rapid hardening are closed
Gold is crushed and powder processed, obtains the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of powdery, then can be by the neodymium iron of powdery
Boron bulk alloy mixes with the additive.
Wherein, the broken method can be for the quick-fried method of hydrogen or by crusher in crushing, and the hydrogen is quick-fried
The condition of method can include：Depressed in the hydrogen of 0.5-2.2Mpa, inhaling hydrogen 1-5h (can hear that neodymium iron boron is cast
The cracker of ingot or rapid hardening thin slice, while the temperature that can detect container is constantly being raised, this is neodymium
Iron boron ingot casting or rapid hardening thin slice form hydride and burst after inhaling hydrogen), then in 500-600 DEG C of temperature
Under, dehydrogenase 35-10h.
Wherein, the method for being crushed rare earth permanent-magnetic material ingot casting or rapid hardening thin slice by disintegrating machine
Can be the various methods that can be used, coarse crushing is carried out for example with jaw crusher, then pass through
Middle disintegrating machine is crushed in carrying out.
Wherein, the maneuver of powder processed can be the various methods that can be used, for example, can include：Will
Neodymium iron boron bulk alloy after broken mixes with antioxidant, is then milled into average grain diameter by air-flow
It can be 2.5-4.5 μm of fine powder；Relative to 100 weight portions it is broken after neodymium iron boron main body close
Gold, the addition of the antioxidant can be 0.03-1.5 weight portions.The species and usage of antioxidant
It is known to those skilled in the art, for example：Polyethylene oxide alkyl ethers, polycyclic oxygen second can be selected from
One or more in alkane list fatty ester, PEO alkylene ether.
On the other hand, present invention also offers the neodymium iron boron prepared according to method as described above forever
Magnetic material.
Another further aspect, present invention also offers a kind of motor, wherein, the motor includes as described above
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material.The structure of motor of the invention can be various permanent magnet motor structures, its feature
It is that the permanent-magnet material in motor of the invention includes Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material as described above.
Preparation method of the invention is described further below by embodiment.
Embodiment
NdFeB material is prepared in accordance with the following steps：
According to the component melting neodymium iron boron bulk alloy shown in table 1, then it is made of rapid casting technique
Neodymium iron boron bulk alloy rapid hardening thin slice, then carries out hydrogen broken by the laminar neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of rapid hardening
And airflow milling powder, actual conditions is referring to table 2.Then by the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy and additive of powdery
Mixing, it is compressing under the conditions of magnetic field orientating, obtain blank, then by the blank in vacuum or
It is sintered and is tempered under inert gas shielding, obtain Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, actual conditions is referring to table 3
With table 4.
Using China National Measuring Science Research Inst. permanent-magnet material magnetic property measuring system NIM10000H and
It is coercitive that NIM200C carries out remanent magnetism, magnetic energy product and normal high temperature to the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material C1 for obtaining
Measurement.Newly think carefully the universal testing machine CMT5105 of group company to above-mentioned using Shenzhen
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material carries out Mechanics Performance Testing.Measurement result is as shown in table 4.
Table 1
| Alloy | Composition |
| Alloy 1 | |
| Alloy 2 | |
| Alloy 3 | |
| Alloy 4 | |
| Alloy 5 | |
| Alloy 6 | |
| Alloy 7 |
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
In table 2-4, embodiment 1-16 represents Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material of the invention, and D1-D28 is represented and used
In the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material of contrast；In table 2, the weight portion of the consumption of antioxidant is relative 100 weights
Measure the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy calculating of part；In table 2, the ingot casting in embodiment 8 refers to use founder
Skill is made neodymium iron boron bulk alloy ingot casting, then, under inert gas shielding, in 1050 DEG C of temperature
Under carry out the homogenization heat treatment of 6h, and carry out coarse crushing；In table 4, Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic
The consumption part of thing, nitride and carbide is the weight of the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy calculating of relative 100 weight portions
Measure the value of part；In table 4, the particle diameter of Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound refers to average grain diameter, and unit is micro-
Rice；The particle diameter of nitride and carbide refers to average grain diameter, and unit is nanometer；In table 4, "-" table
Show without Br refers to remanent magnetism, and unit is kGs；HcjRefer to coercivity, unit is kOe；BH is
(BH)maxAbbreviation, refer to magnetic energy product, unit is MGsOe；Hcj* refer to the high temperature at 180 DEG C
Coercivity, unit is kOe；σfRefer to bending strength, unit is MPa.
Data in table 4 can be seen that Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material of the invention, relative to without
One or more in Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, nitride and carbide of technical scheme, can
Make Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material in remanent magnetism (Br) and magnetic energy product (BH)maxIn the case of being held essentially constant
With coercivity (H highercj) also, high temperature coercivity be greatly improved, bending strength is also obtained
Very big raising.Also, it is described in the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy preferably with respect to 100 weight portions
The content of Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 1.5-2 weight portions, and the content of the nitride is 0.8-1.5 weights
Amount part, in the case that the content of the carbide is 0.5-0.8 weight portions, can further improve neodymium iron
The combination property of B permanent magnetic material.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above, but, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Detail in implementation method, in range of the technology design of the invention, can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme carries out various simple variants, and these simple variants belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It is further to note that each particular technique described in above-mentioned specific embodiment is special
Levy, in the case of reconcilable, can be combined by any suitable means, in order to avoid not
Necessary repetition, the present invention is no longer separately illustrated to various possible combinations.
Additionally, can also be combined between a variety of implementation methods of the invention, as long as
, without prejudice to thought of the invention, it should equally be considered as content disclosed in this invention for it.
Claims (23)
1. a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material contains neodymium iron boron bulk alloy and adds
Plus agent, it is characterised in that the additive contains Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, nitride and carbide；
Relative to the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of 100 weight portions, the content of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound
It is 0.005-5 weight portions, the content of the nitride is 0.005-3 weight portions, the content of the carbide
It is 0.005-2 weight portions.
2. Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material according to claim 1, wherein, relative to 100 weight portions
The neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, the content of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 0.01-2.5 weight
Part, the content of the nitride is 0.01-1.6 weight portions, and the content of the carbide is 0.01-1 weight
Part.
3. Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material according to claim 2, wherein, relative to 100 weight portions
The neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, the content of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 1.5-2 weight portions,
The content of the nitride is 0.8-1.5 weight portions, and the content of the carbide is 0.5-0.8 weight portions.
4. the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material according to any one in claim 1-3, wherein, it is described
The average grain diameter of Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 0.5-6 μm；The average grain diameter of the nitride is
5-40nm；The average grain diameter of the carbide is 10-100nm.
5. Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material according to claim 4, wherein, between the Rare-Earth Cobalt metal
The average grain diameter of compound is 1-3 μm；The average grain diameter of the nitride is 10-30nm；The carbonization
The average grain diameter of thing is 30-80nm.
6. the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material according to any one in claim 1-3 and 5, wherein,
The Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is RCo5Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, R2Co17Rare-Earth Cobalt metal
Between compound and RCo7At least one in Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound；The nitride is selected from metal
Nitride and/or non-metal nitride；The carbide is selected from metal carbides and/or nonmetallic carbonization
Thing.
7. Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material according to claim 6, wherein, R be selected from La, Ce,
In Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc extremely
Few one kind, the nitride is selected from AlN3、TiBN、Mg2N3、Ga3N2、ZrN、GeN、
At least one in SiBN, VN, BN and TiN；The carbide is selected from TaC, NbC, V2C5、
CrC, WC, TiC, NiC, HfC, SiC, BC and Al2C3In at least one.
8. the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material according to any one in claim 1-3,5 and 7, its
In, the additive is dispersed in the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy
With the composition shown in formula (1)：
Ra(Fe1-xCox)100-a-b-cMcBbFormula (1)
Wherein, a, b, c and x each represent percetage by weight, 26≤a≤35；0.9≤b≤1.3；0
≤c≤1.5；0≤x≤10；R be selected from Pr, Nd, La, Ce, Gd, Dy, Tb and Ho in extremely
Few one kind；M be selected from Al, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Hf, Mn, Nb, Sn, Mo, Ga and
At least one in Si.
9. a kind of method for preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, it is characterised in that the method includes following steps
Suddenly：
(1) neodymium iron boron bulk alloy is mixed with additive, it is compressing under the conditions of magnetic field orientating,
Obtain blank；The additive contains Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, nitride and carbide；
(2) blank is sintered and is tempered under vacuum or inert gas shielding；
Wherein, relative to the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of 100 weight portions, change between the Rare-Earth Cobalt metal
The consumption of compound is 0.005-5 weight portions, and the consumption of the nitride is 0.005-3 weight portions, the carbon
The consumption of compound is 0.005-2 weight portions.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein, relative to the neodymium iron of 100 weight portions
Boron bulk alloy, the consumption of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 0.01-2.5 weight portions, the nitridation
The consumption of thing is 0.01-1.6 weight portions, and the consumption of the carbide is 0.01-1 weight portions.
11. methods according to claim 10, wherein, relative to the neodymium of 100 weight portions
Iron boron bulk alloy, the consumption of the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound is 1.5-2 weight portions, the nitridation
The consumption of thing is 0.8-1.5 weight portions, and the consumption of the carbide is 0.5-0.8 weight portions.
12. method according to any one in claim 9-11, wherein, the Rare-Earth Cobalt gold
The average grain diameter of compound is 0.5-6 μm between category；The average grain diameter of the nitride is 5-40nm；It is described
The average grain diameter of carbide is 10-100nm.
13. methods according to claim 12, wherein, the Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound
Average grain diameter is 1-3 μm；The average grain diameter of the nitride is 10-30nm；The carbide it is average
Particle diameter is 30-80nm.
14. method according to any one in claim 9-11 and 13, wherein, the rare earth
Cobalt intermetallic compound is RCo5Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound, R2Co17Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound
And RCo7At least one in Rare-Earth Cobalt intermetallic compound；The nitride be selected from metal nitride and/
Or non-metal nitride；The carbide is selected from metal carbides and/or non-metallic carbide.
15. methods according to claim 14, wherein, R be selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd,
At least one in Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc,
The nitride is selected from AlN3、TiBN、Mg2N3、Ga3N2、ZrN、GeN、SiBN、VN、
At least one in BN and TiN；The carbide is selected from TaC, NbC, V2C5、CrC、WC、
TiC, NiC, HfC, SiC, BC and Al2C3In at least one.
16. method according to any one in claim 9-11,13 and 15, wherein, it is described
Additive is dispersed in the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, and the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy has formula (1)
Shown composition：
Ra(Fe1-xCox)100-a-b-cMcBbFormula (1)
Wherein, a, b, c and x each represent percetage by weight, 26≤a≤35；0.9≤b≤1.3；0
≤c≤1.5；0≤x≤10, balance of Fe and impurity；R be selected from Pr, Nd, La, Ce, Gd,
At least one in Dy, Tb and Ho；M be selected from Al, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Hf, Mn,
At least one in Nb, Sn, Mo, Ga and Si.
17. method according to any one in claim 9-11,13 and 15, wherein, it is described
The condition of magnetic field orientating includes：Magnetic induction intensity is 1.5-2.8T；Compressing condition includes：Pressure
It is 150-220MPa, the press time is 60-180s.
18. method according to any one in claim 9-11,13 and 15, wherein, sintering
Condition include：Sintering temperature is 1020-1100 DEG C, and sintering time is 2-7 hours；The condition of tempering
Including：One-level tempering is carried out at 880 DEG C -920 DEG C, and keeps 2-5h, then carried out at 460 DEG C -550 DEG C
Second annealing, and keep 2-5h.
19. method according to any one in claim 9-11,13 and 15, wherein, the party
Method also includes：Ingot casting shape and/or the laminar neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of rapid hardening are crushed and powder processed,
The neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of powdery is obtained, then by the neodymium iron boron bulk alloy of powdery and the additive
Mixing.
20. methods according to claim 19, wherein, the broken method be the quick-fried method of hydrogen or
Person is included by crusher in crushing, the condition of the quick-fried method of hydrogen：Depressed in the hydrogen of 0.5-2.2Mpa, inhaled
Hydrogen 1-5h, then at a temperature of 500-600 DEG C, dehydrogenase 35-10h.
21. methods according to claim 19, wherein, the operation of powder processed includes：After crushing
Neodymium iron boron bulk alloy mix with antioxidant, being then milled into average grain diameter by air-flow is
2.5-4.5 μm of fine powder；Relative to 100 weight portions it is broken after neodymium iron boron bulk alloy, it is described
The addition of antioxidant is 0.03-1.5 weight portions.
The Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material that method in 22. claim 9-21 described in any one is prepared
Material.
23. a kind of motors, it is characterised in that the motor is including any one in claim 1-8 and 22
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material described in.
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| CN107564653A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-09 | 安徽信息工程学院 | A kind of magnetic composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN108666064A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-16 | 四川大学 | A kind of sintered rare-earth permanent magnetic material and preparation method thereof of addition VC |
| CN110875110A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-10 | 射洪福临磁材有限公司 | VN particle-containing neodymium iron boron magnetic material and preparation method thereof |
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