CN106908522B - Ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample pipe for axial width of pipeline defect and calibration method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample pipe for axial width of pipeline defect and calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample tube for the axial width of a pipeline defect, relates to the ultrasonic guided wave detection technology of pipelines, and is used for solving the problem that the corresponding relation of the ratio of the reflected wave amplitude to the sectional area of the defect cannot be suitable for the condition that the detection wavelength is far larger than the axial width of the defect. It includes the appearance pipe, the appearance pipe contains eight hoop grooves of axial equidistance, the axial length in eight hoop grooves is 1mm respectively, 3mm, 6.25mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm and 200mm, first hoop groove is 0.2 ~ 0.6m with appearance pipe left end distance, eighth hoop groove is 0.2 ~ 0.6m with appearance pipe right-hand member distance, each hoop groove center minimum distance is 0.2 ~ 0.6 m. The technical scheme aims at the pipe wall corrosion defect and accurately evaluates the severity of the pipeline defect. The invention also discloses a calibration method of the ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample pipe for the axial width of the pipeline defect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pipeline ultrasonic guided wave detection technology, in particular to an ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample pipe for pipeline defect axial width and a calibration method.
Background
The ultrasonic guided wave detection technology is a long-distance pipeline nondestructive detection technology, has the advantages of high detection speed, long detection distance and high detection precision, and can quickly reflect the change of the circumferential wall thickness of a pipeline in a longer range, so that the ultrasonic guided wave detection technology is increasingly widely applied to process pipelines of petroleum, chemical engineering and the like. In order to accurately evaluate the safety condition of the detected object, a defect hazard evaluation method based on a distance-amplitude curve is provided in GB/T28704 + 2012 'nondestructive testing magnetostrictive ultrasonic guided wave detection method', the method adopts a comparison test piece provided in the standard to make the distance-amplitude curve, and the made distance-amplitude curve takes annular cone hole reflected waves with the section loss rate of 9% at different distances on the comparison test piece as sampling points.
The method only considers the influence of the defect sectional area ratio on the reflection amplitude, and the corresponding relation of the reflection amplitude and the defect sectional area ratio is only suitable for the condition that the detection wavelength is far larger than the defect axial width, and when the defect axial width is close to the detection wavelength magnitude, the ratio of the reflection amplitude to the axial width to the detection wavelength is in a certain functional relation.
Because the ultrasonic guided wave technology mainly aims at the corrosion defects of the pipe wall, the defects generally have certain axial dimensions, the defect hazard evaluation determined by the distance-amplitude can cause the misjudgment or the missed judgment of the defects, and the influence of the axial width of the defects is fully considered for accurately evaluating the severity of the defects of the pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calibration sample tube for detecting the axial width of a pipeline defect by ultrasonic guided wave, aiming at the corrosion defect of a tube wall and accurately evaluating the severity degree of the pipeline defect.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
pipeline defect axial width's supersound guided wave detects demarcation appearance pipe, including appearance pipe, appearance pipe contains eight hoop grooves of axial equidistance, the axial length in eight hoop grooves is 1mm, 3mm, 6.25mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm and 200mm respectively, first hoop groove is 0.2 ~ 0.6m with appearance pipe left end distance, eighth hoop groove is 0.2 ~ 0.6m with appearance pipe right-hand member distance, each hoop groove center minimum distance is 0.2 ~ 0.6 m.
Further inject, the distance between the first circumferential groove and the left end of the sample tube is 0.5m, the distance between the eighth circumferential groove and the right end of the sample tube is 0.5m, and the minimum distance between the centers of the circumferential grooves is 0.5 m.
Further limiting, the minimum depth of the eight circumferential grooves is 1% -4% of the wall thickness of the pipe section, and the depth error is less than 5%.
Preferably, the minimum depth of the eight circumferential grooves is 3% of the wall thickness of the pipe section.
By adopting the technical scheme, eight circumferential grooves with axial lengths of 1mm, 3mm, 6.25mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm and 200mm are designed, the widths of the circumferential grooves are expressed by the multiples of the wavelength, corresponding echo signals are obtained, the widths and the amplitudes of the echo signals under three frequencies are sequenced, and the axial width interval of the defect is determined according to a width-amplitude relation curve. And determining the range of the defect width during ultrasonic guided wave detection, and then quantifying the defects by adopting proper frequency, thereby improving the detection accuracy. The frequency of the axial defect width of the defect can be accurately reflected, the axial width is calibrated according to the wavelength of the frequency, and the sectional area ratio of the defect is evaluated by adopting the distance-amplitude after the axial width is determined.
The invention also provides a method for calibrating the ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample tube for the axial width of the pipeline defect, which comprises the following steps,
step one, manufacturing a sample tube, namely manufacturing the sample tube comprising eight annular grooves with equal axial distance, wherein the axial lengths of the eight annular grooves are respectively 1mm, 3mm, 6.25mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm and 200mm, the distance between the first annular groove and the left end of the sample tube is 0.2-0.6 m, the distance between the eighth annular groove and the right end of the sample tube is 0.2-0.6 m, and the minimum distance between the centers of the annular grooves is 0.2-0.6 m;
acquiring echo signals, detecting the detected pipeline by using probes of 32KHz,64KHz and 128KHz to acquire corresponding echo signals, sequencing the width-amplitude values of the echo signals under three frequencies, and determining the axial width interval of the defect according to the width-amplitude relation curve;
and step three, calibrating and drawing a curve graph, wherein when calibrating and drawing a width-amplitude relation curve, a 32KHz,64KHz and 128KHz ultrasonic guided wave sensor is arranged at one end of a calibration sample tube, the amplitude of the echo of each annular groove on the calibration sample tube is obtained and is expressed by the ordinate, the abscissa is expressed by the width of the annular groove, the wavelength corresponding to each frequency is calculated according to the lambda as c/f, the width of the annular groove is expressed by the multiple of the wavelength, the maximum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.25 lambda, the minimum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.5 lambda, the second maximum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.75 lambda, the amplitude does not obviously change after lambda, but two echoes with distinguishable axial widths appear, and the width-amplitude relation curves of three frequencies are drawn under the same coordinate system.
Because the ratio of the defect width to the detection wavelength influences the reflection amplitude, and the detection wavelength is related to the adopted sensor frequency, the ultrasonic guided wave sensors with various frequencies can be adopted for detection, the frequency capable of accurately reflecting the defect axial defect width is determined according to the reflection amplitude of the defect under different frequencies, the axial width is calibrated according to the wavelength of the frequency, and the distance-amplitude is adopted to evaluate the cross-sectional area ratio of the defect after the axial width is determined.
Preferably, in the second step, the sorting process, the acquired echo signals will generate the following five amplitudes,
the amplitude of the echo signal is one, wherein 128KHz is more than 64KHz and more than 32 KHz;
the amplitude is two, and the amplitude of 64KHz is more than 128KHz and more than 32 KHz;
the amplitude is three, and the amplitude of the echo signal is more than 64KHz and more than 32KHz and more than 128 KHz;
the amplitude is four, and the amplitude of the echo signal is more than 32KHz and more than 128KHz and more than 64 KHz;
and the amplitude is five, and the amplitude of the echo signal is acquired when the amplitude is more than 32KHz and more than 64KHz and more than 128 KHz.
Most preferably, in the second step, the sequencing process, the width of the circumferential groove is divided into the following three stages,
step one, the width of the circumferential groove is 1-25 mm;
step two, the width of the circumferential groove is 25-100 mm;
and step three, the width of the circumferential groove is 100-200 mm.
And the three stages are distinguished, so that the rapid quantitative detection can be realized, and the defect width can be determined according to the range interval.
Compared with the prior art, the method can verify the accuracy of the ultrasonic guided wave system in responding to the axial width of the pipeline defect, determine the range interval of the defect width during ultrasonic guided wave detection, and then adopt proper frequency to carry out defect quantification, thereby improving the detection accuracy.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings;
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample tube for detecting the axial width of a pipeline defect according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the width-amplitude relationship of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a further explanatory diagram of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a prior art defect-wavelength relationship;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the present invention for directly measuring two peak states;
the main element symbols are as follows:
1 first department circumferential groove, 2 second department circumferential grooves, 3 third department circumferential grooves, 4 fourth department circumferential grooves, 5 fifth department circumferential grooves, 6 sixth department circumferential grooves, 7 seventh department circumferential grooves, 8 eighth department circumferential grooves.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, the following technical solutions are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example one
As shown in figure 1 and figure 2, the ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample pipe for the axial width of the pipeline defect comprises a sample pipe, wherein the sample pipe comprises eight annular grooves with equal axial distance, the axial lengths of the eight annular grooves are respectively 1mm, 3mm, 6.25mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm and 200mm, the distance between the first annular groove and the left end of the sample pipe is 0.3m, the distance between the eighth annular groove and the right end of the sample pipe is 0.3m, and the minimum distance between the centers of the annular grooves is 0.3 m.
The minimum depth of the eight circumferential grooves is 3% of the wall thickness of the pipe section, and the depth error is less than 5%.
Example two
As shown in figure 1 and figure 2, the ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample pipe for the axial width of the pipeline defect comprises a sample pipe, wherein the sample pipe comprises eight annular grooves with equal axial distance, the axial lengths of the eight annular grooves are respectively 1mm, 3mm, 6.25mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm and 200mm, the distance between the first annular groove and the left end of the sample pipe is 0.5m, the distance between the eighth annular groove and the right end of the sample pipe is 0.5m, and the minimum distance between the centers of the annular grooves is 0.5 m.
The minimum depth of the eight circumferential grooves is 3% of the wall thickness of the pipe section, and the depth error is less than 5%.
| Minimum distance (m) between each ring and the groove center | 0.3m | 0.5m |
| Amplitude of echo signal at three frequencies | Local deviation | Normal correspondence |
| Width of circumferential groove at three frequencies | Local deviation | Normal correspondence |
As shown in fig. 3, the following further explains the specific use of fig. 2, the technical solution utilizes the relationship between the amplitude and the defect width to obtain 3 curves with 3 frequencies, wherein the 3 frequencies are 128KHz, 64KHz, and 32KHz respectively, to the left of red line 1, a > b > c, between red lines 1-2, b > a > c, between red lines 2-3, b > c > a, between red lines 3-4, c > a > b, the order of the amplitudes of each interval is different, within which intervals the ordering is different, it is possible to distinguish approximately the width range of the defect, i.e. within which interval the defect is, on the basis of the ranking of the amplitudes, the width of the defect after the red line 4 is already much larger than 25mm, that is, 2 continuous peaks appear when the detection is carried out at 128KHz (wavelength of 25mm), and the width can be directly measured by using the distance between the two peaks.
The ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample tube calibration method for the axial width of the pipeline defect comprises the following steps,
step one, manufacturing a sample tube, namely manufacturing the sample tube comprising eight annular grooves with equal axial distance, wherein the axial lengths of the eight annular grooves are respectively 1mm, 3mm, 6.25mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm and 200mm, the distance between the first annular groove and the left end of the sample tube is 0.2-0.6 m, the distance between the eighth annular groove and the right end of the sample tube is 0.2-0.6 m, and the minimum distance between the centers of the annular grooves is 0.2-0.6 m;
acquiring echo signals, detecting the detected pipeline by using probes of 32KHz,64KHz and 128KHz to acquire corresponding echo signals, sequencing the width-amplitude values of the echo signals under three frequencies, and determining the axial width interval of the defect according to the width-amplitude relation curve;
and step three, calibrating and drawing a curve graph, wherein when calibrating and drawing a width-amplitude relation curve, a 32KHz,64KHz and 128KHz ultrasonic guided wave sensor is arranged at one end of a calibration sample tube, the amplitude of the echo of each annular groove on the calibration sample tube is obtained and is expressed by the ordinate, the abscissa is expressed by the width of the annular groove, the wavelength corresponding to each frequency is calculated according to the lambda as c/f, the width of the annular groove is expressed by the multiple of the wavelength, the maximum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.25 lambda, the minimum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.5 lambda, the second maximum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.75 lambda, the amplitude does not obviously change after lambda, but two echoes with distinguishable axial widths appear, and the width-amplitude relation curves of three frequencies are drawn under the same coordinate system.
As shown in fig. 4, the method of the present invention is based on the theory of foreign research, that is, under the condition of a certain defect depth, the amplitude (i.e., height) of the wave has a certain relation with the width of the defect, that is, when the defect width is 1/4 times of the detection wavelength, the defect width is the highest, 1/2 times the defect width is the lowest, 3/4 times the defect width is the next highest, and the amplitude is not changed substantially by 1 time or more than one time. That is, in the case of a constant defect depth, the amplitude (i.e., height) of the wave has a certain relationship with the width of the defect, that is, when the defect width is 1/4 times, the maximum is reached, 1/2 times, the minimum is reached, 3/4 times, the next highest is reached, and the amplitude of 1 time or more is not substantially changed. It should be noted that this is a foreign research result, and provides a basis for this patent, and does not relate to a method.
The wavelength and frequency have a relationship (wavelength is wave speed/frequency), the frequency is the hardware index of the equipment (can be understood as sensors of these several frequencies are commercially available), in this example, sensors of 32KHz,64KHz and 128KHz are commonly used, the wave speed of the emitted ultrasonic guided wave in the steel pipe is basically constant, about 3200m/s, according to the relationship of wavelength, frequency and wave speed, it can be known that the wavelengths of 32KHz,64KHz and 128KHz are respectively 100mm, 50mm and 25mm, the corresponding 1/4 wavelengths are 25mm, 12.5mm, 6.25mm and 1/2 wavelengths are 50mm, 25mm and 12.5mm, so the width of the sample pipe defect in this example is determined according to the wavelength, if such size is not used, the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained curve are low, and the method mainly uses the amplitudes of different frequencies to judge the width of the defect, so if the amplitude is not accurate, the determination of the defect width is also not accurate, and defects of 1mm and 3mm are intended to illustrate that the higher the frequency, the higher the amplitude when the defect width is less than 1/4 wavelengths.
Further explaining, echo signals of three frequencies are collected, if two echoes with distinguishable axial widths appear at a high-frequency echo position, the axial width is determined by utilizing the distance between the two echoes, and if the two echoes with distinguishable axial widths do not appear, the amplitude under the three frequencies is sequenced and then the axial width range of the defect is determined by adopting a width-amplitude relation curve.
For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the wave (MsS1) on the left is the position of the sensor, and the reflected wave from the defect on the right is larger than the detection wavelength, so that two peaks appear, although the distance between the two peaks is close, the width of the defect can be determined by directly measuring the distance between the two peaks in the software.
In the second step, in the sequencing process, the acquired echo signals can generate the following five wave amplitudes,
the amplitude of the echo signal is one, wherein 128KHz is more than 64KHz and more than 32 KHz;
the amplitude is two, and the amplitude of 64KHz is more than 128KHz and more than 32 KHz;
the amplitude is three, and the amplitude of the echo signal is more than 64KHz and more than 32KHz and more than 128 KHz;
the amplitude is four, and the amplitude of the echo signal is more than 32KHz and more than 128KHz and more than 64 KHz;
and the amplitude is five, and the amplitude of the echo signal is acquired when the amplitude is more than 32KHz and more than 64KHz and more than 128 KHz.
In the second step, in the sequencing process, the width of the circumferential groove is divided into the following three stages,
step one, the width of the circumferential groove is 1-25 mm;
step two, the width of the circumferential groove is 25-100 mm;
and step three, the width of the circumferential groove is 100-200 mm.
The ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample tube and the calibration method for the axial width of the pipeline defect provided by the invention are described in detail above. The description of the specific embodiments is only intended to facilitate an understanding of the method of the invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The ultrasonic guided wave detection calibration sample tube calibration method for the axial width of the pipeline defect is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step one, manufacturing a sample pipe, namely manufacturing the sample pipe comprising eight annular grooves with equal axial distance, wherein the axial lengths of the eight annular grooves are respectively 1mm, 3mm, 6.25mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm and 200mm, the distance between the first annular groove and the left end of the sample pipe is 0.5m, the distance between the eighth annular groove and the right end of the sample pipe is 0.5m, and the minimum distance between the centers of the annular grooves is 0.5 m; the minimum depth of the eight circumferential grooves is 1% -4% of the wall thickness of the pipe section, and the depth error is less than 5%;
acquiring echo signals, detecting the detected pipeline by using probes of 32KHz,64KHz and 128KHz to acquire corresponding echo signals, sequencing the width-amplitude values of the echo signals under three frequencies, and determining the axial width interval of the defect according to the width-amplitude relation curve;
step three, calibrating and drawing a curve graph, wherein when calibrating and drawing a width-amplitude relation curve, a 32KHz,64KHz and 128KHz ultrasonic guided wave sensor is arranged at one end of a calibration sample tube, the echo amplitude of each annular groove on the calibration sample tube is obtained and is expressed by an ordinate, the abscissa is expressed by the width of the annular groove, the wavelength corresponding to each frequency is calculated according to lambda as c/f, the width of the annular groove is expressed by the multiple of the wavelength, the maximum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.25 lambda, the minimum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.5 lambda, the second maximum value is obtained when the width-amplitude curve accords with 0.75 lambda, the amplitude does not obviously change after lambda, but two echoes with distinguishable axial widths appear, and the width-amplitude relation curves of three frequencies are drawn under the same coordinate system;
in the second step, in the sequencing process, the acquired echo signals can generate the following five wave amplitudes,
amplitude I, wherein the amplitude generated by an echo signal obtained by 128KHz is greater than that generated by an echo signal obtained by 64KHz and is greater than that generated by an echo signal obtained by 32 KHz;
amplitude II, amplitude generated by echo signals acquired by 64KHz is greater than amplitude generated by echo signals acquired by 128KHz is greater than amplitude generated by echo signals acquired by 32 KHz;
third, the amplitude of the echo signal obtained by 64KHz is greater than that of the echo signal obtained by 32KHz and is greater than that of the echo signal obtained by 128 KHz;
amplitude four, amplitude generated by echo signals acquired by 32KHz is greater than amplitude generated by echo signals acquired by 128KHz is greater than amplitude generated by echo signals acquired by 64 KHz;
fifthly, the amplitude of the echo signal obtained by 32KHz is greater than that of the echo signal obtained by 64KHz and is greater than that of the echo signal obtained by 128 KHz;
in the second step, in the sequencing process, the width of the circumferential groove is divided into the following three stages,
in the first stage, double peaks appear at 128KHz, single peaks appear at 64KHz, no peaks appear at 32KHz, and the circumferential groove width is 1-25 mm;
in the second stage, double peaks appear at 128KHz, 64KHz and 32KHz, and the circumferential groove width is 1-100 mm;
and step three, no peak exists in 128KHz, 64KHz and 32KHz, and the circumferential groove width is 100-200 mm.
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| CN107543863A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-05 | 安徽科技学院 | Same material pipeline section product loss detection method based on supersonic guide-wave technology |
| CN110308209A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-08 | 吉林省电力科学研究院有限公司 | It is used for the Sensitivity Calibration sample pipe of far-field eddy harmony pulse detection heat exchanger tube harness defects simultaneously |
| CN113640077A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-12 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining detection sample |
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