CN106908456B - A kind of metal sheet surface defects detection and the microwave detection probe and method of positioning - Google Patents
A kind of metal sheet surface defects detection and the microwave detection probe and method of positioning Download PDFInfo
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- CN106908456B CN106908456B CN201710079641.4A CN201710079641A CN106908456B CN 106908456 B CN106908456 B CN 106908456B CN 201710079641 A CN201710079641 A CN 201710079641A CN 106908456 B CN106908456 B CN 106908456B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of metal sheet surface defects detection and the microwave detection probe and method of positioning, belong to technical field of nondestructive testing；Microwave detection probe is made of the cuboid metal cell type metal cap of the equal no bottom surface in base supercentral two coaxial radio-frequency connectors in two sides adjacent with probe metal cap is separately fixed at；This method principle is that microwave probe and metal sheet to be measured are formed rectangular waveguide, microwave is propagated in rectangular waveguide, there are electric current for rectangular waveguide inner wall surface, when metal sheet existing defects, hinder the flowing of waveguide inner wall surface electric current, microwave in waveguide cavity is influenced, the microwave signal detected carries the information related with defective locations；During detection, microwave is propagated in the rectangular waveguide that microwave detection probe and metal sheet to be measured form, and improves detection efficiency and sensitivity, while has filled up the blank that microwave detection probe cannot be used for the positioning of metal sheet surface defect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nondestructive testing, and in particular to one kind is suitable for metal sheet surface defect efficient detection
Microwave detection probe and corresponding defect positioning method with positioning.
Background technology
Metal sheet is widely used among the production and living of the mankind, especially in some cores and crucial mechanical structure
In.Airframe is the recurrent place of defect.From the point of view of early detection angle, the defects of early stage metal sheet surface, is examined
Survey is necessary.Conventional eddy current detection method needs point by point scanning, there is very high requirement, cost to manpower and financial resources
Greatly.The inefficiency such as other lossless detection methods, such as leakage method, infrared thermography, ultrasound detection need couplant ratio
It is cumbersome.Microwave detection, which has, does not contact detection object, penetrates the characteristics such as dielectric material.This causes microwave on metal sheet surface
There is unique advantage in defects detection.
Although scholars have begun to the research of microwave detection early in the 1970s.But until in recent years, just occur
The research of near-field detection is carried out using the rectangular waveguide with metal flange.Recently, started a burst of using open coaxial sensing
Device microwave probe detects the research boom of crackle, and this sensor sensitivity is high, or even can detect closure crackle.Researcher is not
Near-field detection metal sheet surface defect is only applied it to, also applies it to far field pipeline crack, trommel, microorganism
In the detection of identification, positioning and qualitative assessment.Regard pipeline as circular waveguide, microwave signal launched into circular waveguide,
There are electric current for circular waveguide inner wall surface.When defect occurs in pipeline, defect hinders waveguide inner wall surface electric current flowing, waveguide
The change of inside pipe wall electric current causes the change of the electromagnetic wave in pipeline, and the electromagnetic wave signal received of popping one's head in carries related with defect
Information.Since microwave can transmit very long a distance in the waveguide, and it is less to decay.Therefore the above method can be a wide range of
Detect metallic conduit defect in inner surface in ground.
The content of the invention
In order to improve microwave detection metal sheet efficiency, the present invention propose a kind of metal sheet surface defects detection and
The microwave detection probe and method of positioning, can realize the detection of metal sheet surface defect using the microwave detection probe and determine
Position, in view of domestic not perfect to microwave detection metal sheet surface defect method, the present invention proposes microwave detection probe tool very
Strong practicality and higher engineering application value.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of metal sheet surface defects detection and the microwave detection probe of positioning, including base is equal is l, be highly h,
The metal cap 1 of cuboid metal cell type without bottom surface, wherein 0<H≤l, it is fixed on two of probe metal cap 1 adjacent two sides
Identical radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector, is respectively that the corresponding first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T and y directions in x directions corresponding second are penetrated
Frequency coaxial connector D.
The probe metal cap 1 is to be not less than 4.10 × 10 by electrical conductivity7The metal material of S/m makes.
It is gold-plated or silver-colored on probe 1 inner wall of metal cap.
Two identical radio frequency (RF) coaxial connectors are fixed respectively in two adjacent l × h center sides of probe metal cap 1.
The first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T and the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D is that mother turns public connector, and male connector is being popped one's head in
The inner side of metal cap 1, female is on the outside of probe metal cap 1, for connecting coaxial cable.
It is l × l that the microwave detection probe, which disposably detects metal sheet region,.
The design of metal cap causes when detecting on probe, and microwave signal concentrates on microwave detection probe and metallic plate to be measured
Propagated in the rectangular waveguide of part composition, improve detection efficiency and sensitivity.
The method that the microwave detection probe carries out metal sheet surface defects detection and positioning, comprises the following steps that：
1) experimental system is built, microwave vector network analyzer is connected with coaxial cable one end, and coaxial cable is another
End is connected with the first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T and the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D；Microwave detection probe is fixed on probe bracket
On, probe bracket can be in three direction movements of x, y, z；In order to eliminate influence of the instrument to measurement result, needed before measurement pair
Instrument carries out electric calibration, ensures that two radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector male connectors in microwave detection probe are zero reference level；In standard gold
Belong on plate, group velocity calibration is carried out to microwave detection probe；
2) mobile probe stent to position (X, Y), detection zone be [X-l/2, X+l/2] × [Y-l/2, Y+l/2]；In z
Side moves up probe bracket, and microwave detection probe is close to metal sheet surface, so pop one's head in metal cap 1 and metal to be measured
Plate forms rectangular waveguide；
3) microwave vector network analyzer is connected by coaxial cable with the first RF coaxial in microwave detection probe
Device T provides microwave signal to microwave detection probe, microwave is propagated in the x-direction in probe, microwave vector network analyzer exists
The microwave signal of reflection is detected in first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T；
4) by inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated；If time-domain signal is produced in rectangular waveguide tube terminal
Reflection peak TendObvious reflection at peak, mobile probe to next test position, repeat step 2 were not present before moment) -4), after
The detection of continuous metal sheet surface defect, until completing the detection in all regions to be detected；If in microwave terminal reflection peak TendWhen
There are obvious reflection at peak before quarter, the opposite abscissa x of defect is determined using the group velocity after calibrationr；
5) microwave vector network analyzer is connected by coaxial cable with the second RF coaxial in microwave detection probe
Device D provides microwave signal to microwave detection probe, microwave is propagated in the y-direction in probe, in the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D
The microwave signal of middle detection reflection；
6) by inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated；Time-domain signal is observed to produce in rectangular waveguide tube terminal
Reflection peak TendNotable wave crest before moment, the opposite ordinate y of defect is determined by this notable wave crest momentr；
7) formula x=X+x is usedr- l/2, y=Y+yr- l/2 is calculated, and finally definite defect is upper in tested metal plate
Put.
During detection, for the suitable dominant pattern microwave of set direction of detection defect, wherein, TE ripple dominant pattern microwaves
The defects of detection is parallel to microwave transmission direction high sensitivity, TM ripple dominant patterns microwave are detected perpendicular to microwave transmission direction
Flaw sensitivity is high.
The frequency range of detection ripple is determined according to the size of microwave detection probe and dominant pattern microwave, detection sensitivity,
The frequency range of detection ripple is controlled by microwave vector network analyzer.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Microwave is all limited in metal cap and metallic plate to be measured by the microwave detection probe that the present invention designs using metal cap
In the rectangular waveguide of part composition, microwave is set to be propagated in rectangular waveguide.Microwave is formed in metal cap and metal sheet to be measured
Rectangular waveguide transmission when, microwave is propagated in rectangular waveguide tube chamber, and rectangular waveguide inner wall surface is there are electric current, so inspection
The microwave signal measured carries the information related with metal sheet surface defect.With the probe phase of traditional microwave detection metal
Than, such as coaxial probe, the rectangular waveguide with metal flange is popped one's head in, the open Coaxial line sensor with metal flange is popped one's head in, this
The propagation of microwave has all been concentrated on the rectangular waves of high conductivity metal cover and metal sheet to be measured composition by the closed probe of kind
In conduit, detection efficiency and sensitivity are improved.The microwave detection probe is simple in structure, and detection object is wide, and detection is convenient, detection
Efficient, accuracy of detection is high.During detection of the microwave detection probe to metal sheet, as long as allowing microwave detection probe to be close to metal
Plate needs the surface of detection zone, it is possible to carries out defects detection.The microwave detection probe can be to the non-porous of arbitrary shape
The surface defects detection of the planar metal plate in hole and positioning.During detection, it is only necessary to metal sheet surface cleaning to be detected is kept,
Microwave detection probe is close on metal sheet, microwave vector network analyzer is connected by coaxial cable with coaxial radio-frequency
Signal is launched and received to device, you can realizes the detection and positioning to metal sheet surface defect.Examined using this new microwave
Probing head detects, and the disposable planar metal plate region area that detects is l × l.During detection, microwave concentrates on microwave detection probe
Propagated with the rectangular waveguide of metal sheet to be measured composition, there is higher detection efficiency and sensitivity.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereogram of microwave detection probe.
Fig. 2 is the front sectional view of microwave detection probe.
Fig. 3 is the left view sectional view of microwave detection probe.
Fig. 4 is microwave detection probe vertical view cutaway drawing.
Fig. 5 is front elevation views on front side of microwave detection probe.
Fig. 6 is microwave detection probe leading flank rearview.
Fig. 7 is microwave detection probe right flank right view.
Fig. 8 is microwave detection probe right flank left view.
Fig. 9 is the microwave detection probe of autonomous Design to metal sheet surface defects detection and positioning schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is that microwave detection probe moves the schematic diagram of detection defect on metal sheet surface.
Embodiment
Present disclosure is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The design and detection method of microwave detection probe：
As shown in figures 1-8, what the present invention designed is not less than 4.10 × 10 in electrical conductivity7The metal that S/m metal materials make
1 (shape of metal cap 1 is the cuboid metal cell type of the equal no bottom surface in base) of cover fixes two on two adjacent l × h sides
A kind of new microwave detection probe of radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector.Metal cap 1 of popping one's head in is not less than 4.10 × 10 by electrical conductivity7S/
The metal material of m makes, and since microwave is in waveguide transmissions, microwave is propagated in the waveguide, and waveguide inner wall surface exists
Electric current, it is substantially unrelated with waveguide bulk material, can be gold-plated or silver-colored on probe 1 inner wall of metal cap, so reduce microwave transmission
During loss.Inner wall is gold-plated or the shape of silver metal cover be the equal no bottom surface in base cuboid metal cell type, metal cap
Long l, width l, high h (0<h≤l).Two identical RF coaxials are fixed respectively in two adjacent l × h center sides of metal cap 1
Connector, is respectively the first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T and the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D.This two radio frequency (RF) coaxial connectors are
Mother turns public connector, their male connector is on the inside of probe metal cap 1, and female is in 1 outside of probe metal cap.
Experimental system is built, as shown in figure 9, the experimental system for the microwave detection probe application that the present invention designs is sweared by microwave
Measure Network Analyzer 4, the first coaxial cable 2, the second coaxial cable 3, microwave detection probe and probe bracket composition.Microwave
Vector network analyzer 4 is connected with 2 one end of the first coaxial cable, and the on 2 other end of the first coaxial cable and metal cap 1
One radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T connections, meanwhile, microwave vector network analyzer 4 is connected with 3 one end of the second coaxial cable, and second
3 other end of coaxial cable is connected with the first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D on metal cap 1.Long L, width W, the high H of metal sheet.
Microwave detection probe is fixed on probe bracket, and probe bracket can be in three direction movements of x, y, z.When detecting metal sheet,
As shown in Figure 10, mobile probe stent to (X, Y), region to be detected be [X-l/2, X+l/2] × [Y-l/2, Y+l/2].In z side
Probe bracket is moved up, microwave detection probe is close to metal sheet surface, such metal cap and metal sheet structure to be measured
Rectangular waveguide.
Microwave vector network analyzer is detected to microwave respectively by coaxial cable and radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector (T or D)
Microwave signal is provided in probe, microwave is propagated in probe along specific direction：When microwave vector network analyzer pass through it is coaxial
When cable and the first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T provide microwave signal to microwave detection probe, microwave passes in probe along x directions
Broadcast；When microwave vector network analyzer is micro- to the offer of microwave detection probe by coaxial cable and the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D
During ripple signal, microwave is propagated in probe along y directions.First radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T's and the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D
Male connector makes the propagation of microwave in probe more concentrate inside probe.Meanwhile microwave vector network analyzer passes through coaxial cable
Reflection wave signal is detected with the same radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector in microwave detection probe.When metal sheet existing defects, hinder
The flowing of waveguide inner wall surface electric current.The change of waveguide inner wall surface electric current causes the change of the microwave transmitted in waveguide cavity
Change, the reflection wave signal that microwave vector network analyzer detects in radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector carries related with defective locations
Information.By inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated.The reflection that observation time-domain signal is produced in rectangular waveguide tube terminal
Peak TendThe notable wave crest that whether there is before moment.If there are such notable wave crest, determine to lack by this notable wave crest moment
Sunken position.
Corresponding dominant pattern microwave is selected for the direction of check of detection, TE ripple dominant patterns microwave is detected parallel to micro-
The defects of ripple transmission direction high sensitivity；The defects of detection of TM ripple dominant patterns microwave is perpendicular to microwave transmission direction sensitivity
It is high.It is true according to the size of microwave detection probe and dominant pattern microwave, detection sensitivity (related with the order of magnitude of flaw size)
Regular inspection surveys the frequency range of ripple.According to formulaDetermine the cutoff frequency of microwave, wherein c is true
The aerial light velocity, a, b are the long side and short side of rectangular waveguide, m, n be not all zero natural number.
During specific detection, first, microwave vector network analyzer passes through the in coaxial cable and microwave detection probe
One radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T provides signal to probe, microwave is propagated in probe along x directions.Meanwhile microwave vector network
The microwave signal that analyzer passes through the first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T detection reflections in coaxial cable and microwave detection probe.
By inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated.The reflection peak T that observation time-domain signal is produced in rectangular waveguide tube terminalend
The notable wave crest that whether there is before moment.If there are such notable wave crest, defect is determined by this notable wave crest moment
With respect to abscissa.Otherwise, mobile probe stent continues to detect, until completing all regions to be detected to next test position
Detection.Secondly, microwave vector network analyzer is connected by the second RF coaxial in coaxial cable and microwave detection probe
Meet device D and provide microwave signal to microwave detection probe, microwave is propagated in probe along y directions.Meanwhile microwave vector network
The microwave signal that analyzer is reflected by the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D detections in coaxial cable and microwave detection probe,
By inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated.The reflection peak T that observation time-domain signal is produced in rectangular waveguide tube terminalend
Notable wave crest before moment, the opposite ordinate of defect is determined by this notable wave crest moment.
1) such as Fig. 1-8, microwave detection probe is designed and produced, mainly includes high conductivity probe metal cap 1, and it is solid respectively
Two radio frequency (RF) coaxial connectors being scheduled on two adjacent l × h center sides of probe metal cap 1, are respectively that the first radio frequency is same
Mandrel connector T and the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D.
2) many places defect is made on metal sheet.
3) experimental system is mainly by microwave vector network analyzer, coaxial cable, microwave detection probe, and probe bracket
Composition.Build experimental system, such as Fig. 9, the connection of 4 first coaxial cable of microwave vector network analyzer, 2 one end, the first coaxial line
2 other end of cable is connected with the first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T on metal cap 1, meanwhile, microwave vector network analyzer 4 and
Two coaxial cables, 3 one end connects, and 3 other end of the second coaxial cable connects with the first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D on metal cap 1
Connect.Microwave detection probe is fixed on probe bracket, and probe bracket can be moved up in three sides of x, y, z.
4) in order to eliminate influence of the instrument to measurement result, need to carry out electric calibration to instrument before measurement, ensure microwave inspection
Two radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector male connectors on probing head are zero reference level.
5) on standard metal plate, group velocity calibration is carried out to microwave detection probe.
6) in metal sheet region mobile probe stent to be detected, defect is detected, determines defective locations.
Detection defect and defect location comprise the following steps that：
1) mobile probe stent to position (X, Y), detection zone be [X-l/2, X+l/2] × [Y-l/2, Y+l/2].In z
Side moves up probe bracket, and microwave detection probe is close to metal sheet surface.
2) microwave vector network analyzer is connected by coaxial cable with the first RF coaxial in microwave detection probe
Device T provides signal to microwave detection probe, microwave is propagated in probe along x directions.Microwave vector network analyzer is
The microwave signal of reflection is detected in one radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T.
3) by inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated.If time-domain signal is produced in rectangular waveguide tube terminal
Reflection peak TendObvious reflection at peak, mobile probe to next test position, repeat step 1 were not present before moment) -3), after
The detection of continuous metal sheet surface defect, until completing the detection in all regions to be detected.If in rectangular waveguide end reflection
Peak TendThere are obvious reflection at peak before moment, the opposite abscissa x of defect is determined using the group velocity after calibrationr。
4) microwave vector network analyzer is connected by coaxial cable with the second RF coaxial in microwave detection probe
Device D provides microwave signal to microwave detection probe, microwave is propagated in probe along y directions.Microwave vector network analyzer
The microwave signal of reflection is detected in the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D.
5) by inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated.Time-domain signal is observed to produce in rectangular waveguide tube terminal
Reflection peak TendNotable wave crest before moment, the opposite ordinate y of defect is determined by this notable wave crest momentr。
6) formula x=X+x is usedr- l/2, y=Y+yr- l/2 is calculated, and finally definite defect is upper in tested metal plate
Put.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of metal sheet surface defects detection and positioning microwave detection probe carry out metal sheet surface defects detection and
The method of positioning, the microwave detection probe include base it is equal is l, be highly h, the metal of cuboid metal cell type without bottom surface
Cover (1), wherein 0<H≤l, is fixed on two identical radio frequency (RF) coaxial connectors of the adjacent two sides of probe metal cap (1), respectively
For the corresponding second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector D in the corresponding first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector T and y directions in x directions；
It is characterized in that：
Detection defect and defect location comprise the following steps that：
1) build experimental system, microwave vector network analyzer is connected with coaxial cable one end, the coaxial cable other end with
First radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector (T) and the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector (D) connection；Microwave detection probe is fixed on probe bracket
On, probe bracket can be in three direction movements of x, y, z；In order to eliminate influence of the instrument to measurement result, needed before measurement pair
Instrument carries out electric calibration, ensures that two radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector male connectors in microwave detection probe are zero reference level；In standard gold
Belong on plate, group velocity calibration is carried out to microwave detection probe；
2) mobile probe stent to position (X, Y), detection zone be [X-l/2, X+l/2] × [Y-l/2, Y+l/2]；In z directions
Upper mobile probe bracket, metal sheet surface is close to by microwave detection probe, so pop one's head in metal cap (1) and metallic plate to be measured
Part forms rectangular waveguide；
3) microwave vector network analyzer passes through the first radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector (T) in coaxial cable and microwave detection probe
Microwave signal is provided to microwave detection probe, microwave is propagated in the x-direction in probe, microwave vector network analyzer is first
The microwave signal of detection reflection in radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector (T)；
4) by inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated；If the reflection that time-domain signal is produced in rectangular waveguide tube terminal
Peak TendObvious reflection at peak, mobile probe to next test position, repeat step 2 were not present before moment) -4), continue gold
Belong to the detection of plate surface defect, until completing the detection in all regions to be detected；If in microwave terminal reflection peak TendBefore moment
There are obvious reflection at peak, the opposite abscissa x of defect is determined using the group velocity after calibrationr；
5) microwave vector network analyzer passes through the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector (D) in coaxial cable and microwave detection probe
Microwave signal is provided to microwave detection probe, microwave is propagated in the y-direction in probe, at the second radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector (D)
The microwave signal of middle detection reflection；
6) by inverse-Fourier transform, time-domain signal is calculated；Observation time-domain signal produces anti-in rectangular waveguide tube terminal
Penetrate peak TendNotable wave crest before moment, the opposite ordinate y of defect is determined by this notable wave crest momentr；
7) formula x=X+x is usedr- l/2, y=Y+yr- l/2 is calculated, finally definite defect position on tested metal plate.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The probe metal cap (1) is not less than by electrical conductivity
4.10×107The metal material of S/m makes.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：It is gold-plated or silver-colored on described probe metal cap (1) inner wall.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：In two adjacent l × h sides of probe metal cap (1)
The heart fixes two identical radio frequency (RF) coaxial connectors respectively.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：First radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector (T) and the second radio frequency
Coaxial connector (D) is that mother turns public connector, male connector on the inside of probe metal cap (1), female on the outside of probe metal cap (1),
For connecting coaxial cable.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The microwave detection probe disposably detects metal sheet area
Domain is l × l.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：It is micro- according to the size of microwave detection probe and dominant pattern
Ripple, detection sensitivity determine the frequency range of detection ripple, and the frequency range of detection ripple is controlled by microwave vector network analyzer.
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| CN108375590B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-01-08 | 西安交通大学 | The online lossless detection method of universal joint surface casting flaw |
| CN111060214B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-08-20 | 上海传输线研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十三研究所） | Fiber grating temperature measurement sensor and temperature measurement method of inner conductor of radio frequency cable |
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| JP2008241711A (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-09 | Tohoku Univ | Microwave waveguide probe of microwave atomic force microscope |
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| US6363605B1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2002-04-02 | Yi-Chi Shih | Method for fabricating a plurality of non-symmetrical waveguide probes |
| JP2008241711A (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-09 | Tohoku Univ | Microwave waveguide probe of microwave atomic force microscope |
| CN104964990A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-10-07 | 北京理工大学 | Via-hole split ring resonator (VSRR) loaded waveguide probe used for detection of defect on metal surface |
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