CN106907828A - A kind of dispersion modulator approach of air conditioner load group response frequency - Google Patents
A kind of dispersion modulator approach of air conditioner load group response frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN106907828A CN106907828A CN201710093178.9A CN201710093178A CN106907828A CN 106907828 A CN106907828 A CN 106907828A CN 201710093178 A CN201710093178 A CN 201710093178A CN 106907828 A CN106907828 A CN 106907828A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
- F24F11/61—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication using timers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dispersion modulator approach of air conditioner load group's response frequency, including：When network system emergent power vacancy, during frequency continuous decrease, air-conditioning is implemented linearly to change the load formula control strategy of air-conditioning design temperature according to frequency departure size, when frequency drops to minimum, the design temperature of air-conditioning does not reduce with frequency departure adjusts back, and it is constant that actual temperature and the design temperature of air-conditioning maintain Δ T；When control time reaches Δ tcFinishing control afterwards, every air-conditioning adjusts the running status of itself according to the fundamental mechanism of self-discipline control；The design temperature before control is returned to when operation of air conditioner is to n-th cycle.In the control starting stage, air conditioner load clustering is closed power response frequency and reduces power demand, makes up the power shortage of system, reduces the amplitude that frequency declines；Control the self-discipline after terminating to control and the air-conditioning power readjustment of method can eliminate oscillation of power and secondary pulse at times, it is to avoid other harm is brought to system operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to airconditioning control field, and in particular to a kind of dispersion modulator approach of air conditioner load group response frequency.
Background technology
China's proposal builds global energy internet, promotes the electricity needs that the whole world is met in the way of cleaning with green.
Under the power grid construction thinking that cleaning electric energy comes from a distant place, domestic extra-high voltage alternating current-direct current power transmission engineering development was swift and violent in recent years.Its
In especially extra-high voltage direct-current system ability to transmit electricity it is very strong, feed-in direct current instead of the substantial amounts of conventional power unit of receiving end power network, make
The rotary inertia of receiving end power network declines, and tackles the ability reduction of high-power vacancy accident.When there is DC bipolar block failure,
Easily cause frequency to plummet, or even trigger collapse of frequency.Brocade Soviet Union DC bipolar block in 2015, the loss of receiving end East China Power Grid
Power 4000MW, mains frequency falls to 49.58Hz, and this is that East China Power Grid frequency breaks 49.8Hz by a fall first over nearly 10 years.With core
The accounting that electricity and intermittent energy (wind energy, solar energy etc.) generate electricity in systems is continuously increased, and will have more convenience flexible modulation
The conventional power unit exerted oneself is substituted, and the ability that system tackles high-power vacancy accident further deteriorates.
It is the reply high-power vacancy accident of power system to increase system reserve capacity, prevents what frequency from plummeting to have efficacious prescriptions
Method.Influenceed by factors such as generation structure change, environmental protection pressure, energy shortages, the single standby reply system of dependence Generation Side
Small probability excessive risk event is uneconomical, is technically also increasingly difficult to realize, excavates the potentiality of load side offer emergency duty extremely
Concern.With the development of society, power consumer is improved constantly to power supply quality requirement, and traditional power network is in emergency circumstances not added with
Selectively directly the mode of excision load influences very big to user power utilization, it is impossible to the need for meeting development of the situation.
Air-conditioning converts electrical energy into heat energy and supplies customer consumption, is a kind of typical temperature control load, the hot time of air-conditioned room
Constant is typically relatively large, and the design temperature of of short duration shut-off air-conditioning or adjustment air-conditioning will not be caused significantly to user's hot comfort
Negative effect.Additionally, air-conditioning enormous amount, it was reported that air-conditioning is even super in the accounting of summer peak load in some flourishing cities
50% is crossed, and shows the trend for rising year by year.Therefore, air-conditioning is the high-quality alternative objects that load side provides emergency duty.
The control of load formula need not communicate with control centre, and load governor automated tos respond to local signal adjustment operation
State, with fast response time, the low advantage of implementation cost, possesses wide engineering and promotes space.Many document reports sky
The decentralised control strategy of tune and the temperature control load (such as refrigerator, water heater) similar with its working characteristics.Document " SHORT J
A,INFIELD D G,FRERIS L L.Stabilization of grid frequency through dynamic
demand control[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2007,22(3):1284-1293 " is proposed according to frequency
Rate Serial regulation refrigerator design temperature is so as to change the dynamic need control strategy of refrigerator power.Document " XU Z, QSTERGAARD
J,TOGEBY M.Demand as frequency controlled reserve[J].IEEE Trans on Power
Systems,2011,26(3):1062-1071 " proposes a kind of frequency response control method of temperature control load, for system is provided
Frequency response is standby.Document " GARCIA AM, BOUFFARD F, KIRSCHEN D S.Decentralized demand-side
contribution to primary frequency control[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,
2011,26(1):411-419 " proposes that one kind together decides on temperature control load operation shape by frequency departure size and setting time delay
The distributing control strategy of state, makes the frequency response characteristic of load group similar with the poor characteristic of the tune of generating set.
The distributing control of the above-mentioned local frequency signal adjustment temperature control load power demand of basis improves power system
Primary frequency control ability, advantageously ensure that system occur high-power vacancy when in primary frequency modulation time scale frequency do not occur it is big
Skew.In fact, temperature control load has cycling characteristic mostly, the response of spatial load forecasting afterload group is lasting, is only examined
It is incomplete to examine the spatial load forecasting effect in primary frequency modulation time scale, and load diversity destruction causes temperature control load when long
Between dynamic response on yardstick may endanger safe and stable, the economical operation of system.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiency that prior art is present, the invention discloses a kind of dispersion modulation of air conditioner load group's response frequency
Oscillation of power and power secondary pulse mechanism of production are closed in method, the application load clustering in the control of analysis load distributing
On the basis of, it is proposed that the dispersion self-discipline control strategy of air conditioner load cluster, analyse in depth its control characteristic and parameter value is former
Then.Disperse independently to adjust design temperature bound by each air-conditioning, it is to avoid the running status of load group becomes before and after control
Change, eliminate the aggregate power vibration of load group, adjusted back during method avoids load restoration by air-conditioning design temperature at times
Power secondary pulse.
To achieve the above object, concrete scheme of the invention is as follows：
A kind of dispersion modulator approach of air conditioner load group response frequency, comprises the following steps：
When network system emergent power vacancy, during frequency continuous decrease, linear according to frequency departure size is implemented to air-conditioning
Change the load formula control strategy of air-conditioning design temperature, when frequency drops to minimum, the design temperature of air-conditioning is not with frequency
Rate deviation reduces readjustment, and it is constant that actual temperature and the design temperature of air-conditioning maintain Δ T；
When control time reaches Δ tcFinishing control afterwards, every air-conditioning adjusts itself according to the fundamental mechanism of self-discipline control
Running status, Δ tcSet in air-conditioner controller, every air-conditioner controller is respectively provided with an equal amount of Δ tc；
The design temperature before control is returned to when operation of air conditioner is to n-th cycle.
Further, the n in n-th cycle of operation of air conditioner is random integers, is generated at random by air-conditioner controller.
Further, the corresponding fundamental mechanism for controlling of restraining oneself of every air-conditioning is：Each air-conditioning is in control finish time dispersion
Independently adjust design temperature bound, it is ensured that control starts and relative position one of the finish time air-conditioning in temperature space
Cause, that is, the running status of air-conditioning is constant before and after controlling.
Further, for any air-conditioning, it keeps constant in new temperature space with the relative position of old temperature space, newly
Temperature space is shifted δ equivalent on the basis of old temperature space to the elevated direction of temperature, if control time Δ tcVery
It is short, ignore influence of the temperature space change to air conditioner load group's operation characteristic, the running status of load group keeps not before and after control
Become.
Further, the design temperature of air conditioner load after control is recovered using method at times, n week of operation of air conditioner
Design temperature before control is returned to after phase, the air-conditioning work cycle is mostly different, staggers equivalent within n air-conditioning work cycle
The time of design temperature readjustment, it is to avoid produce obvious power to recover peak.
Further, air-conditioning is implemented linearly to change the load formula control of air-conditioning design temperature according to frequency departure size
System strategy, specially：In the control starting stage, air conditioner load clustering is closed power response frequency and reduces power demand, makes up power network
The power shortage of system, reduces the amplitude that frequency declines；Control terminate after self-discipline control and the air-conditioning power of method at times
Readjustment eliminates oscillation of power and secondary pulse.
Further, the aggregate power change curve control process according to air conditioner load group is：t∈[0,ts) it is before controlling
Stage, load clustering is closed power swing and is ignored, and it is 0 that changed power is closed in load clustering；t∈[ts,te) it is the control stage, with
It is P that quantity of power is closed in the load clustering that frequency is reducedD, control the load clustering of finish time to close quantity of power and be reduced to PA；t∈[te,
th) stage is heightened for design temperature, load group's aggregate power decrement heightens the power P for reducing by air-conditioning design temperatureC；t∈
[th,tr) it is design temperature Restoration stage, load group's aggregate power decrement is by PCGradually become 0；t≥trWhen air-conditioning setting temperature
Degree recovers, ts<te<th<tr。
Further, Δ tcInfluence to spatial load forecasting characteristic：ΔtcValue size influence load group diversity, bear
Lotus group's diversity can be by relative temperature between relative position of the air-conditioning in temperature bound space and each air-conditioning of correspondence position
Change speed to characterize；
When steady-state operation is not finishing control to air conditioner load group between new temperature bound, Δ tcIt is worth bigger, air-conditioning
Cooling rate and indoor temperature climbing speed change it is bigger, the destruction caused to load diversity is bigger；Conversely, to load
The destruction that diversity is caused is smaller；In addition, influenceed by clock jitter factor, although the response time setting of each air-conditioning is identical,
But deviation is certainly existed, the cycle of operation due to clock jitter much smaller than air-conditioning, its influence to load diversity can be ignored.
Further, Δ tcValue size determine that power reduction values P is closed in air conditioner load clusteringC, air-conditioning Indoor Temperature after control
Degree rises, and the dutycycle of air-conditioning work reduces, and load group's aggregate power is reduced, and reduced value is PC；When air-conditioning design temperature does not reach
To ceiling temperature and air conditioner load group steady-state operation is not finishing control between new temperature bound when, Δ tcValue is bigger,
Air-conditioning indoor temperature rising value is bigger, and the dutycycle decreasing value in air-conditioning work cycle is bigger, and air conditioner load group's aggregate power is reduced
Value PCIt is bigger.
Further, when network system occurs high-power vacancy accident, frequency drops to maximum in a short period of time,
This time equally ignores its influence to load diversity much smaller than the cycle of operation of air-conditioning.
Further, in the recovery policy of readjustment air-conditioning design temperature at times, operation of air conditioner is returned to after n cycle
Design temperature before control, value, distribution character, the air-conditioning in load group's air-conditioning work cycle of n are in temperature bound space
Changed power characteristic is closed in the load clustering that distribution character has together decided on design temperature Restoration stage；N values are bigger, equivalent to more
Time long staggers readjustment time of air-conditioning design temperature, can be prevented effectively from power and recover peak, and the value of n needs to consider
Requirement of the spatial load forecasting to recovery time and load power peak size high.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The dispersion self-discipline control of air conditioner load cluster response frequency of the present invention easily carries out engineering popularization, with good control
Characteristic processed.In the control starting stage, air conditioner load clustering is closed power response frequency and reduces power demand, and the power for making up system lacks
Volume, reduces the amplitude that frequency declines；Control the self-discipline after terminating to control and the air-conditioning power readjustment of method can be eliminated at times
Oscillation of power and secondary pulse, it is to avoid other harm is brought to system operation.
Brief description of the drawings
The heat balance schematic diagram of the rank physical model of Fig. 1 air-conditionings three；
Relation between Fig. 2 air-conditionings design temperature and frequency；
Fig. 3 air conditioner loads participate in the system primary frequency modulation characteristic of control；
Fig. 4 (a) control preload group's states；
Initial time load group state after Fig. 4 (b) controls；
Load group state when Fig. 4 (c) closes number maximum；
Load group state when Fig. 4 (d) opens number maximum；
The cluster response characteristic of Fig. 5 air-conditionings distributing control；
Initial time load group state after Fig. 6 (a) controls；
Load group state when number maximum is closed after Fig. 6 (b) controls；
The a certain load group state in centre after Fig. 6 (c) controls；
Fig. 6 (d) control finish time load group's states；
Fig. 7 air-conditioning new settings temperature bound sets schematic diagram；
Relation between air-conditioning design temperature and frequency in Fig. 8 dispersion self-discipline control models；
The aggregate power change curve of Fig. 9 air conditioner loads group；
The load variations curve comparison of the various control models of Figure 10；
The dispersion self-discipline control load curve contrast of Figure 11 difference control times；
Figure 12 IEEE9 node system structure charts；
The change contrast of Figure 13 different control modes lower frequency；
The reduced value of Figure 14 air conditioner loads group's aggregate power；
Figure 15 air conditioner load design temperature change profiles.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
In order to preferably explain the dispersion modulator approach of air conditioner load group's response frequency of the application, the application is introduced first
Air conditioner load distributing is controlled, and introduces the dispersion self-discipline control strategy of air conditioner load cluster again based on the above, is finally made
Simulation analysis are verified.
Air conditioner load distributing is controlled, wherein, the physical model of single air conditioner：
The application discusses its physical model with de-centralized air-conditioning as research object.Temperature is in upper and lower limit in air-conditioned room
Cyclically-varying between temperature.The above-mentioned use electrical characteristics of air-conditioning can be described with single order or Third-order differential equations, wherein three ranks are micro-
Point equation model is more accurate, and the factor such as meter and the thermal capacitance of solar radiation amount, the trend in house and wall is to Indoor Thermal
The influence of amount, the heat balance relation between outdoor environment, room air and object and air-conditioning is as shown in figure 1, three rank differential sides
The expression formula of journey model is as follows：
Wherein：
In formula：xew、xin、xiwThe respectively temperature of exterior wall, interior, interior wall；Ieq、Iew、PACRespectively the sun passes through window
It is radiated power, air-conditioning rated power on the heat, solar radiation to external wall that indoor and indoor object produces；M (t) is sky
The on off state of tune, 0 represents closing, and 1 represents unlatching；Xext、Xadj-rThe temperature of respectively outdoor and adjacent room；Cew、Cin、Ciw
Respectively external wall, indoor object, the thermal capacitance of interior walls；Rcew、Rew、Rgs、RiwRespectively between outdoor environment and external wall
Thermal resistance, the 1/2 of external wall equivalent thermal resistance, equivalent thermal resistance, the 1/2 of indoor wall equivalent thermal resistance of outside window.
Distributing control strategy on air-conditioning response frequency：Load formula controlling mechanism, the application is used according to frequency
Rate deviation size linearly changes the load formula control strategy of air-conditioning design temperature, as shown in Fig. 2 being represented by formula (4)：
In formula：WithThe dynamic design temperature upper and lower limit of respectively air-conditioning i；WithRespectively air-conditioning i static settings
Temperature upper and lower limit；Δ f is the difference of frequency rated value and frequency actual value；Δf0It is the dead band of frequency departure；KACiIt is ratio
Coefficient, its value size reflection with the lifting air conditioner design temperature of frequency decrease or increase number, the increase of air-conditioning design temperature
(reduction) amount determines that air-conditioning power demand reduces (increase) amount.
When air-conditioning normally runs, the periodic duty between the upper and lower limit of static settings temperature of air-conditioning indoor temperature.Work as system
When there is high-power vacancy, frequency continuous decrease, behind the dead band of setting, air-conditioner controller is according to frequency departure for frequency departure
Size with dead band difference linearly heightens the design temperature in refrigerating state air-conditioning, and air-conditioning indoor temperature is changed into dynamic setting
Periodic duty between the upper and lower limit of temperature, equivalent to the dutycycle for reducing the air-conditioning work cycle, reduces power consumption.Instead
It, after frequency increases above dead band, air-conditioner controller linearly turns down the design temperature of air-conditioning, increases the power consumption of air-conditioning.
Load formula controls the contribution analysis to primary frequency modulation：When distributing control is not implemented to air-conditioning, ignore same
Vibration between step generator, the equation of motion of synchronous generator is represented by formula (5)：
In formula：M is the angle rotary inertia of synchronous generator；Δ ω is the angular speed variable quantity of synchronous generator；D is system
Damped coefficient；ΔPGIt is synchronous generator power output adjusted value；ΔPLIt is load power adjusted value.
When distributing control is implemented to air-conditioning, formula (5) is converted into formula (6)：
In formula：ΔPL1To have neither part nor lot in the load power adjusted value of spatial load forecasting；ΔPL2To implement the air-conditioning of distributing control
Load aggregation power change values.
ΔPL2Size determined by air conditioner load junction frequency response characteristic, as shown in formula (7)：
In formula：ΔPL2 iIt is the power change values of single air-conditioning response frequency；N is the air-conditioning number for participating in control.Using illiteracy
The operation of special calot's method simulation air conditioner load group, on the basis of rank physical model formula (1)~(3) of single air conditioner three, in value
Interval sampling obtains each air conditioner operation parameters, realizes the polymerization of the uneven air conditioner load of many parameter distributions, tries to achieve load
The characteristic of the group average running status of t and air conditioner load aggregate response frequency at any time.The parameter of variant load group by
The sampling of adjusting parameter interval is obtained.
The distributing control of air-conditioning response frequency enhances the natural frequency response characteristic of load, improves system once
Fm capacity, advantageously ensures that the high-power vacancy lower frequency of system does not occur big skew.Implement distributing control, phase to load
When the unit power regulation in load becomes to adjust.When not implementing spatial load forecasting, when system occurs load, increase is disturbed suddenly
Dynamic, system operating point is changed into C points from the A points in Fig. 3.After implementing spatial load forecasting, the frequency characteristic of load is equivalent to curve BD, hair
After the same disturbance of life, system operating point is changed into D points from A points.The slope of curve BD can consider user comfort level and
The capacity requirement of system is adjusted.
The cluster response characteristic of air-conditioning distributing control：To heighten the control of air-conditioning design temperature reduction load power demand
As a example by mode, the cluster response characteristic of air conditioner load is analyzed.Air-conditioning is all normalized between same temperature bound in load group
Shown in work, such as Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (d), light gray, dark-grey heart circle represent the air-conditioning in open and closed respectively in figure；Arrow table
Show evolution direction of the indoor temperature with the time in temperature space；" × 3 " represent that air-conditioning number multiple is 3 at the temperature；θ+
The upper limit of air-conditioning design temperature respectively before and after control；θ-The lower limit of air-conditioning design temperature respectively before and after control；Δ
It is design temperature with the upper tone pitch of frequency；δ is the difference between air-conditioner temperature bound.
1) when air-conditioning normally runs, in temperature space there is the air-conditioning in open and closed, such as Fig. 4 in each temperature spot
Shown in (a).Evolution over time, temperature mechanical periodicity between temperature bound, the sky of each temperature spot in air-conditioned room
Adjust density to change, determined by the temperature cycle variation characteristic of each air-conditioned room.
2) when the design temperature of air-conditioning raises δ, all indoor temperatures existBetween air-conditioning close, such as Fig. 4 (b) institutes
Show, the aggregate power of air conditioner load group is reduced, the air-conditioned power sum that reduced value is closed by control.
3) assume that air-conditioning design temperature keeps raising δ operations, when load group is operated between new temperature bound, temperature
There is the vacancy (having been transferred to other temperature spots) of air-conditioning in some temperature spots in degree space, air conditioner load group temperature bound it
Between distribution it is no longer continuous, there is vibration in the aggregate power of air conditioner load group, and trough and crest are respectively such as Fig. 4 (c) and (d) institute
Show.
The readjustment process of control process and air-conditioning design temperature to above-mentioned air-conditioning is emulated, and is obtained as shown in Figure 5
Air-conditioning distributing control cluster response characteristic.In the starting stage that air-conditioning design temperature is raised, work(is closed in air conditioner load clustering
Rate reduced value can compensate for the power shortage of system, but the ripple of oscillation of power is closed in air conditioner load clustering on longer time yardstick
The peak stage brings new impact to system operation.In addition, the power secondary pulse and aggregate power of design temperature readjustment generation shake
Swing unfavorable to system operation.It is similar with said process, distributing control is implemented to air-conditioning, air-conditioning design temperature is when shorter
It is interior to be adjusted back with frequency retrieval, same power secondary pulse and aggregate power vibration can be produced.
The dispersion self-discipline control strategy of air conditioner load cluster：Fundamental mechanism on self-discipline control, this paper presents air-conditioning
Self-discipline controlling mechanism, each air-conditioning control finish time dispersion independently adjust design temperature bound, it is ensured that control start
Consistent with relative position of the finish time air-conditioning in temperature space, that is, the running status of air-conditioning is constant before and after controlling.For whole
For individual load group, it is to avoid the transfer of the load group's running status in the above-mentioned analysis of appearance, vacancy or disappearance, the base of control
This process is as follows：
1) 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (c) represent initial time, pass number maximum moment and middle mistake after control respectively
Load group's running status at journey a certain moment.
2) elapsed time Δ tcFinishing control afterwards, the design temperature upper and lower limit of i-th air-conditioning is independently adjusted in load group ΔTiRepresent control finish time air-conditioning i indoor temperature change generated in case value.
For any air-conditioning, it keeps constant in new temperature space with the relative position of old temperature space, as shown in fig. 7,
That is Δ Ti,old=Δ Ti,new, hollow and filled circles are illustrated respectively in control starting and ending moment air-conditioning in temperature space
Position.New temperature space is shifted δ equivalent on the basis of old temperature space to the elevated direction of temperature, if control time
ΔtcIt is very short, ignore influence of the temperature space change to air conditioner load group's operation characteristic, the running status of load group before and after control
Keep constant, such as shown in Fig. 6 (d).
The design temperature of air conditioner load after control is recovered using method at times, operation of air conditioner n (n is random integers)
Design temperature before control is returned to after the individual cycle.The air-conditioning work cycle is mostly different, wrong equivalent within n air-conditioning work cycle
The time of design temperature readjustment is opened, it is to avoid produce obvious power to recover peak.
The dispersion self-discipline control strategy of air conditioner load cluster response frequency：Dispersion self-discipline control strategy
On the basis of above-mentioned air-conditioning self-discipline controlling mechanism, this paper presents air conditioner load under the high-power vacancy of power system
The dispersion self-discipline control strategy of cluster, basic control process is as follows：
1) when system emergent power vacancy, during frequency continuous decrease, air-conditioning is implemented linearly to be changed according to frequency departure size
Become the load formula control strategy of air-conditioning design temperature.When frequency drops to minimum, the design temperature of air-conditioning is not with frequency
Deviation reduces readjustment, and it is constant to maintain Δ T, as shown in Figure 8.
2) when control time reaches Δ tcFinishing control afterwards, every air-conditioning is adjusted according to the fundamental mechanism of control of restraining oneself herein
The running status of itself.ΔtcSet in air-conditioner controller, every air-conditioner controller is respectively provided with an equal amount of Δ tc, for example
5min。
3) when operation of air conditioner to n-th, (n is random integers, such as the random integers between 1~3, random by air-conditioner controller
Generation) the individual cycle when return to control before design temperature.
The dispersion self-discipline control of air conditioner load cluster response frequency easily carries out engineering popularization, special with good control
Property.In the control starting stage, air conditioner load clustering is closed power response frequency and reduces power demand, makes up the power shortage of system,
Reduce the amplitude that frequency declines；Control the self-discipline after terminating to control and the air-conditioning power readjustment of method can eliminate power at times
Vibration and secondary pulse, it is to avoid other harm is brought to system operation.
The control characteristic and selection of control parameter of air conditioner load group, the control characteristic of air conditioner load group：Air conditioner load group's
Aggregate power change curve is as shown in Figure 9：t∈[0,ts) it is the control last stage, load clustering is closed power swing and is ignored, and is born
It is 0 that changed power is closed in lotus clustering；t∈[ts,te) it is the control stage, it is P that quantity of power is closed in the load clustering reduced with frequencyD, control
The load clustering of finish time is closed quantity of power and is reduced to PA；t∈[te,th) stage is heightened for design temperature, load group's aggregate power
Decrement heightens the power P for reducing by air-conditioning design temperatureC；t∈[th,tr) it is design temperature Restoration stage, load clustering is closed
Power decrement is by PCGradually become 0；t≥trWhen air-conditioning design temperature recover.
Influence of the control parameter to spatial load forecasting characteristic
1)ΔtcInfluence to spatial load forecasting characteristic
ΔtcValue size influence load group diversity.Load group's diversity can be by air-conditioning in temperature bound space
Relative temperature changes speed to characterize between interior each air-conditioning of relative position and correspondence position.The knot of above-mentioned load curtailment strategy
Beam moment each air-conditioning relative position keeps constant, does not influence load diversity.Indoor temperature change generated in case speed changes, and failing load is more
Sample.When steady-state operation is not finishing control to air conditioner load group between new temperature bound, Δ tcIt is worth bigger, the system of air-conditioning
The climbing speed change of cooling rate rate and indoor temperature is bigger, and the destruction caused to load diversity is bigger.Conversely, various to load
The destruction that property is caused is smaller.In addition, influenceed by factors such as clock jitters, although the response time setting of each air-conditioning is identical,
Deviation is certainly existed, the cycle of operation due to clock jitter much smaller than air-conditioning, its influence to load diversity can be ignored.
ΔtcValue size determine that power reduction values P is closed in air conditioner load clusteringC.Air-conditioning indoor temperature rises after control, empty
The dutycycle of work is adjusted to reduce, load group's aggregate power is reduced, and reduced value is P in Fig. 9C.When air-conditioning design temperature is not up to
Limit temperature (air-conditioning is for a long time in stable state indoor temperature when closing) and air conditioner load group is not between new temperature bound
When steady-state operation is finishing control, Δ tcValue is bigger, and air-conditioning indoor temperature rising value is bigger, and the dutycycle in air-conditioning work cycle subtracts
Small value is bigger, and power reduction values P is closed in air conditioner load clusteringCIt is bigger.
2) influence of the frequency dropping characteristic to spatial load forecasting characteristic
When system occurs high-power vacancy accident, frequency drops to maximum within the very short time (usually more than ten seconds)
Value, this time equally ignores its influence to load diversity herein much smaller than the cycle of operation of air-conditioning.
3) influence of the load restoration control parameter to spatial load forecasting characteristic
In the recovery policy of readjustment air-conditioning design temperature at times, operation of air conditioner returns to control after n cycle before
Design temperature, the distribution character of the value of n, the distribution character in load group's air-conditioning work cycle, air-conditioning in temperature bound space
Changed power characteristic is closed in the load clustering for having together decided on design temperature Restoration stage.N values are bigger, equivalent in the longer time
Stagger readjustment time of air-conditioning design temperature, power can be prevented effectively from and recover peak.The value of n needs to consider spatial load forecasting
Requirement to recovery time and load power peak size high.
Simulation analysis：The mechanism emulation of air-conditioning self-discipline control：
Assuming that load group is made up of 10000 air-conditionings, using the operation of Monte-Carlo Simulation load group, single air conditioner
Simulation model use three rank physical models, influence the parameters such as the thermal resistance in air-conditioning work cycle, thermal capacitance and ambient temperature
The probability distribution of value is shown in that " Liu Meng, Chu Xiaodong, Zhang Wen wait to be based on air conditioner load group's scheduling controlling plan that diversity keeps to document
Omit [J] Proceedings of the CSEEs, 2014,34 (22)：3674-3682. ", the parameter of single air conditioner presses general in interval
Rate distribution sampling is obtained, and polymerization obtains air conditioner load group's power.
If occurring high-power vacancy when system operation is to 0.5h, distributing control is implemented to air conditioner load group, ignore setting
The process that temperature is adjusted with frequency dynamic, the different control strategies of 3 kinds of comparative analysis and load group's dispersion self-discipline control strategy exist
Control effect during different parameters value.
1) each air-conditioning design temperature heightens 0.2 DEG C in load group, and initial value is recalled to when running to 1.6h, and control effect is such as
Shown in load group's changed power of Figure 10 curves 1, the vacancy of running status and transfer cause load group's oscillation of power, load restoration
When can produce obvious power secondary pulse.
2) air-conditioning is controlled according to dispersion self-discipline control strategy, each air-conditioning design temperature heightens 0.2 DEG C, during control
Between be 5min, all air-conditioning design temperatures directly recall to initial value when running to 1h, the load group of control effect such as Figure 10 curves 2
Shown in changed power, design temperature heightens stage load group's power will not be vibrated, but design temperature Restoration stage emergent power two
Secondary Shocks and oscillation of power.
3) air-conditioning is controlled according to dispersion self-discipline control strategy, each air-conditioning design temperature heightens 0.2 DEG C, during control
Between be 5min, the design temperature of air-conditioning, the load of control effect such as Figure 10 curves 3 group changed power institute are recovered according to method at times
Show, be not in oscillation of power and power secondary pulse during spatial load forecasting.
4) air-conditioning is controlled according to dispersion self-discipline control strategy, each air-conditioning design temperature heightens 0.2 DEG C, during control
Between be 5min, 10min and 15min, do not recover the design temperature of air-conditioning, the load group work(of control effect such as Figure 11 curves 1,2 and 3
Shown in rate change.Control time is shorter, and the temperature space change of load group's operation is smaller, and oscillation of power amplitude is closed in load clustering
Influence is smaller, i.e., load group diversity distress severity is smaller.
The dispersion self-discipline control strategy emulation of air conditioner load cluster response frequency：Saved with the machine 9 of IEEE examples 3 shown in Figure 12
As a example by dot system, the dispersion self-discipline control strategy of air conditioner load cluster response frequency is verified.Generator, load and network parameter ginseng
See document " ANDERSON P M, FOUAD A A.Power system control and stability [M] .New York:
IEEE Press,1993:38-39. ", air-conditioning model parameter value is sampled in document [15] interval by probability distribution
Arrive, KACIt is 3.0 DEG C/Hz to be worth.
Assuming that when system failure runs to 10.0s, No. 3 bus unit trippings lose the generating of 85MW, account for system total
26.6% for generating electricity.When air conditioner load is not involved in control, after failure, 1, No. 3 governing system actions of bus generating set increase
Plus exert oneself with compensation system power shortage, prevent frequency departure rated value.The dynamic response of frequency as shown in Figure 13 chain lines,
The 4.30s after high-power vacancy occurs in system, frequency drops to minimum 58.38Hz.Assuming that No. 5 bus load nodes contain
The controllable air conditioner load of 60% ratio participates in control, investigates implement distributing control and dispersion self-discipline control to air conditioner load respectively
Frequency change during system strategy, such as Figure 13 dotted lines and shown in solid, after air conditioner load participates in frequency response, after system is disturbed
Frequency fluctuation reduces, and minimum is 59.32Hz.
When implementing distributing control and dispersion self-discipline control strategy to air conditioner load respectively, after air conditioner load participates in control
Power reduce curve as shown in Figure 14 dotted lines and chain-dotted line.On primary and secondary frequency modulated time yardstick, two kinds of control plans
Slightly middle air conditioner load can provide standby for system, reduce Generation Side standby.On longer time yardstick, the control of air-conditioning distributing
It is larger that the oscillating characteristic of cluster response makes Generation Side stand-by requirement fluctuate, and Generation Side standby need are substantially increased during oscillation peak
Ask, and air-conditioning dispersion self-discipline control will not make Generation Side stand-by requirement fluctuate.Air-conditioning design temperature in dispersion self-discipline control
Change as shown in figure 15, control process can improve air conditioner user for system provides thing to the comfort degree very little of user
Therefore the enthusiasm of standby resources.
Example of the application using air-conditioning as hot storage characteristics load, it is proposed that air conditioner load cluster under high-power vacancy
Dispersion self-discipline control strategy.Analyze the vacancy of load group running status in load control, transfer or convergent cause to bear
The mechanism of oscillation of power is closed in lotus clustering, and load restoration process produces the mechanism of power secondary pulse.On this basis, propose
The dispersion self-discipline control strategy of air conditioner load cluster, disperses independently to adjust design temperature bound by each air-conditioning, it is to avoid
The running status of load group changes before and after control, eliminates the aggregate power vibration of load group, is set by air-conditioning at times
Temperature readjustment method avoids the power secondary pulse during load restoration.The control characteristic and ginseng of designed strategy are analysed in depth
Number value principle.Control strategy in text is verified by Simulation Example.
Although above-mentioned be described with reference to accompanying drawing to specific embodiment of the invention, not to present invention protection model
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need the various modifications made by paying creative work or deformation still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
When network system emergent power vacancy, during frequency continuous decrease, air-conditioning is implemented linearly to be changed according to frequency departure size
The load formula control strategy of air-conditioning design temperature, when frequency drops to minimum, the design temperature of air-conditioning is not inclined with frequency
The small readjustment of subtractive, it is constant that actual temperature and the design temperature of air-conditioning maintain Δ T；
When control time reaches Δ tcFinishing control afterwards, every air-conditioning adjusts the operation of itself according to the fundamental mechanism of self-discipline control
State, Δ tcSet in air-conditioner controller, every air-conditioner controller is respectively provided with an equal amount of Δ tc；
Returned to when operation of air conditioner is to n-th cycle control before design temperature, n is random integers, by air-conditioner controller with
Machine is generated.
2. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, every air-conditioning
The corresponding fundamental mechanism that controls of restraining oneself is：Each air-conditioning independently adjusts design temperature bound in control finish time dispersion,
Ensure that the relative position that control starts with finish time air-conditioning in temperature space is consistent, that is, the running status of air-conditioning before and after controlling
It is constant.
3. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, for any
Air-conditioning, it keeps constant in new temperature space with the relative position of old temperature space, and new temperature space is empty equivalent in old temperature
Between on the basis of be shifted δ to the elevated direction of temperature, if control time Δ tcIt is very short, ignore temperature space change to air-conditioning
The influence of load group's operation characteristic, the running status of load group keeps constant before and after control.
4. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, using timesharing
Section method is recovered to the design temperature of air conditioner load after control, and operation of air conditioner returns to design temperature before control after n cycle,
The air-conditioning work cycle is mostly different, equivalent to the time of the design temperature readjustment that staggered within n air-conditioning work cycle, it is to avoid produce
The obvious power of life recovers peak.
5. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, to air-conditioning reality
The load formula control strategy for linearly changing air-conditioning design temperature according to frequency departure size is applied, specially：It is initial in control
Stage, air conditioner load clustering is closed power response frequency and reduces power demand, makes up the power shortage of network system, is reduced under frequency
The amplitude of drop；Self-discipline after control terminates is controlled and air-conditioning power readjustment elimination oscillation of power and the secondary punching of method at times
Hit.
6. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, according to air-conditioning
Load group aggregate power change curve control process be：t∈[0,ts) it is the control last stage, load clustering is closed power swing and is neglected
Slightly disregard, it is 0 that changed power is closed in load clustering；t∈[ts,te) it is the control stage, quantity of power is closed in the load clustering reduced with frequency
It is PD, control the load clustering of finish time to close quantity of power and be reduced to PA；t∈[te,th) stage, load are heightened for design temperature
Group's aggregate power decrement heightens the power P for reducing by air-conditioning design temperatureC；t∈[th,tr) it is design temperature Restoration stage,
Load group's aggregate power decrement is by PCGradually become 0；t≥trWhen air-conditioning design temperature recover, ts<te<th<tr。
7. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, Δ tcTo negative
The influence of lotus control characteristic：ΔtcValue size influence load group diversity, load group diversity can be by air-conditioning in temperature
Relative temperature changes speed to characterize between each air-conditioning of relative position and correspondence position in bound space；
When steady-state operation is not finishing control to air conditioner load group between new temperature bound, Δ tcIt is worth bigger, the refrigeration of air-conditioning
The climbing speed change of speed and indoor temperature is bigger, and the destruction caused to load diversity is bigger；Conversely, to load diversity
The destruction for causing is smaller；In addition, influenceed by clock jitter factor, it is inevitable although the response time setting of each air-conditioning is identical
There is deviation, the cycle of operation due to clock jitter much smaller than air-conditioning, its influence to load diversity can be ignored.
8. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, Δ tcTake
Value size determines that power reduction values P is closed in air conditioner load clusteringC, air-conditioning indoor temperature rises after control, the dutycycle of air-conditioning work
Reduce, load group's aggregate power is reduced, and reduced value is PC；When air-conditioning design temperature is not up to ceiling temperature and air conditioner load group
When steady-state operation is not finishing control between new temperature bound, Δ tcValue is bigger, and air-conditioning indoor temperature rising value is bigger, empty
Adjust the dutycycle decreasing value of work period bigger, power reduction values P is closed in air conditioner load clusteringCIt is bigger.
9. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when power network system
When system occurs high-power vacancy accident, frequency drops to maximum, operation week of this time much smaller than air-conditioning in a short period of time
Phase, equally ignore its influence to load diversity.
10. the dispersion modulator approach of a kind of air conditioner load group response frequency as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, in timesharing
In the recovery policy of section readjustment air-conditioning design temperature, operation of air conditioner returns to the design temperature before control after n cycle, n's takes
The distribution character of value, the distribution character, air-conditioning in load group's air-conditioning work cycle in temperature bound space has together decided on setting
Changed power characteristic is closed in the load clustering of temperature Restoration stage.
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