CN106903315B - A kind of 3D printing equipment and Method of printing - Google Patents

A kind of 3D printing equipment and Method of printing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106903315B
CN106903315B CN201710316420.4A CN201710316420A CN106903315B CN 106903315 B CN106903315 B CN 106903315B CN 201710316420 A CN201710316420 A CN 201710316420A CN 106903315 B CN106903315 B CN 106903315B
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printing
powdering
characterization parameter
data
measuring device
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CN201710316420.4A
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CN106903315A (en
Inventor
李晓庚
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Aerospace Science and Industry Changsha New Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
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Changsha New Material Industry Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/38Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of 3D printing equipment and Method of printings.The 3D printing equipment includes the shell of sealing, is provided with power spreading device in the shell, is provided with surface figure measuring device around the power spreading device;Further include data processing equipment, for handling the data that surface figure measuring device obtains, obtains the characterization parameter of powder bed surface irregularity degree, and compared with setting value;Further include data feedback device, the data processed result of processing unit and data processed result is fed back into operator for receiving data;The feedback device is electrically connected with data processing equipment.The real-time monitoring to the flatness of powdering layer during printing may be implemented in 3D printing equipment of the invention and Method of printing, operator is facilitated to reasonably adjust printing technological parameter, the uneven caused product defects of powdering are avoided, and then increase substantially the performance of product.

Description

A kind of 3D printing equipment and Method of printing
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D printing technique fields, and in particular to a kind of 3D printing equipment and Method of printing.
Background technique
3D printing technique is one kind of rapid shaping technique, it is one kind based on threedimensional model, with metal powder Or the adhesive materials such as plastics, by successively scanning, the mode of stacking constructs the technology of stereoscopic three-dimensional part layer by layer.It should Technology combines all kinds of subjects such as CAD/CAM, optics, numerical control and material science, wide range of applications, jewelry, medical treatment, Footwear, industrial design, building, aerospace, automobile, education etc. have application prospect.
It is directed to metal material 3D printing technique at present, SLM is prevailing technology, and SLM technology is grown up on the basis of SLS , the basic principle of the two is similar.SLM technology needs to be completely melt metal powder, straight forming metalwork, it is therefore desirable to high Before power density laser device laser beam starts scanning, horizontal powder-laying roller first tiles metal powder onto the substrate of Processing Room, so The powder that laser beam will selectively be melted on substrate by the profile information of current layer afterwards, processes the profile of current layer, then Liftable system declines the distance of a figure layer thickness, rolls powder-laying roller again in manufactured current layer upper berth metal powder, Equipment is called in next figure layer and is processed, and so processes layer by layer, until entire part completion of processing.
During SLM increasing material manufacturing, powdering process is the critical process of increasing material manufacturing technique.Metal powder material can Spreading property is to printing technology and its important.But tradition is remained in the performance detection of increasing material manufacturing metal powder at present Parameter detecting it is horizontal, characterized using the detection means of conventional powder material, accuracy is not high, often results in and actually prints The quality of product anticipation standard is not achieved.
Applicant has found in the course of the research, and in the print procedure of product, the surface topography of each layer of powder is to printing The performance of product influence it is huge, when a certain layer powdering caused by uneven, defect will cause a product defects, and defect can be into One step causes stress collection medium influence, and then the performance of product is greatly lowered.And when the operation of existing 3D printing equipment, when certain When defect occurs in one layer of powdering, due to that can not judge powdering layer quality condition, it generally will continue to print, influence the property of product Energy.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide one kind, can to monitor print procedure middle berth bisque smooth The 3D printing equipment and Method of printing of situation are spent, to improve printing quality of item, realizes the printing more refined.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of 3D printing equipment Method of printing, includes the following steps:
(1) one layer of powder is spread, powder bed is obtained;
(2) powder bed in step (1) is characterized with surface figure measuring device, obtains powder bed surface irregularity The characterization parameter H of degree;
(3) characterization parameter H is compared with setting range value;
(4) it when characterization parameter H, which meets setting range value, to be required, is printed;When parameter H exceeds setting range value, Stop printing, and feedback information.
Further, feedback information can feed back to operator, and operator takes as needed further to be remedied Measure or adjusting parameter print again.Operating system can also be fed back to, operating system can be according to scheduled processing Mode is continued with.
Further, the characterization parameter H of the surface irregularity degree is the parameter that can characterize out-of-flatness degree size, Height, depth, the parameter of volume are preferably characterized, such as its maximum value, mean value, variance.
Further, the characterization parameter H is the highest point height H at powder bed surface irregularitymaxWith lowest part depth Spend HminAbsolute value, alternatively, the characterization parameter H be powder bed surface irregularity at total volume, alternatively, the table Levy the volume that parameter H is maximum single convex/concave.
Wherein, the first scheme of the characterization parameter H of the irregularity degree are as follows:
Pass through conventional high-resolution ratio range finding device (such as laser ranging system, optical fiber distance measuring device), laser measuring device for measuring Positioned at the surface of measurement point position, the N number of site in powdering storehouse surface after powdering is measured, its crossed face of the knife edge relative to scraper is measured Relative altitude absolute value.Wherein, the absolute value of relative altitude, that is, surface irregularity degree characterization parameter H.Correspondingly, operation Personnel can set suitable setting range value according to actual needs, it is considered that, the absolute value of relative altitude is excessively high, corresponding position Defect volume it is bigger, if continue printing if can leave defect here, influence quality.Operator can be according to practical need It wants, sets a suitable value range, such as 0~H0(including endpoint), when H is less than H0When, then show that the size of defect herein is Acceptable, causing the defects of product size is also acceptable, continues to print.Conversely, stopping printing, and feed back.
Wherein, the second scheme of the characterization parameter H of the irregularity degree are as follows:
It is filled by conventional high-resolution ratio range finding device (such as laser ranging system, optical fiber distance measuring device), such as laser measurement Setting in the surface of measurement point position, the N number of site in powdering storehouse surface after powdering is measured, measures N number of point relative to Laser emission The height H of plane1, H2...HN, H is calculated1, H2...HNAverage value HA, calculate | H1-HA| ..., | HN-HA|, and obtain The maximum value of calculated volume of data is set to characterization parameter H.Equally, operator can set one according to actual needs A suitable value range, such as 0~H0(including endpoint), when H is less than H0When, then show that the size of defect herein is can to receive , causing the defects of product size is also acceptable, continues to print.Conversely, stopping printing, and feed back.
Wherein, the third scheme of the characterization parameter H of the irregularity degree are as follows:
It is filled by conventional high-resolution ratio range finding device (such as laser ranging system, optical fiber distance measuring device), such as laser measurement Setting in the surface of measurement point position, the N number of site in powdering storehouse surface after powdering is measured, measures N number of point relative to Laser emission The height H of plane1, H2...HN, H is calculated1, H2...HNAverage value HA, calculate | H1-HA| ..., | HN-HA|, then count It counts stating the average value of absolute value in, and it is set to characterization parameter H.Equally, operator can set one according to actual needs A suitable value range, such as 0~H0(including endpoint), when H is less than H0When, then show that the size of defect herein is can to receive , causing the defects of product size is also acceptable, continues to print.Conversely, stopping printing, and feed back.
Wherein, the 4th kind of scheme of the characterization parameter H of the irregularity degree are as follows:
The surface figure measuring device is optical imaging device, laser image forming apparatus or electronic imaging apparatus and matched Processing software, the imaging device can form 3-D image.And three can be calculated by corresponding matched processing software The maximum perpendicular height of projection absolute value H at the out-of-flatness of plane was hung in dimension image relative to scrapermaxIt is deep with minimum recess Spend absolute value Hmin, and it is set to the characterization parameter H of surface irregularity degree.Correspondingly, operator can be according to actual needs Set suitable setting range value, it is considered that, the absolute value or recess depth absolute value of relative altitude are bigger, corresponding position Defect volume it is bigger, if continue printing if can leave defect here, influence quality.Operator can be according to practical need It wants, sets a suitable value range, such as 0~H0(including endpoint), when H is less than H0When, then show that the size of defect herein is Acceptable, causing the defects of product size is also acceptable, continues to print.Conversely, stopping printing, and feed back.
Wherein, the fifth version of the characterization parameter H of the irregularity degree are as follows:
The surface figure measuring device is optical imaging device, laser image forming apparatus or electronic imaging apparatus and matched Processing software, the imaging device can form 3-D image.And three can be calculated by corresponding matched processing software The volume V of the big recess of the protrusion of the maximum perpendicular at the out-of-flatness of plane was hung in dimension image relative to scrapermax, and determined For the characterization parameter H of surface irregularity degree.Correspondingly, operator can set suitable setting range according to actual needs Value, it is considered that, the volume of convex/concave is bigger at out-of-flatness, and the defect volume of corresponding position is bigger, can if continuing printing Defect is left here, influences quality.Operator can set a suitable value range, such as 0~H according to actual needs0 (including endpoint), when H is less than H0When, then show that the size of defect herein is acceptable, causes the defects of product big Small is also acceptable, continues to print.Conversely, stopping printing, and feed back.
Further, setting range value described in step (3) is that operator is set according to actual using needs Value, setting range value and the characterization parameter H of corresponding surface irregularity degree are corresponding, such as the characterization parameter H of surface irregularity degree When for maximum height absolute value, operator can be according to the relationship of the performance and H that obtain in practical operation, setting range value (such as 0~maximum value H0), when H is greater than H0When, then it is assumed that it goes beyond the scope.
Further, Method of printing is one of SLS, SLM in step (4).
Further, the information fed back in step (4) shows in the operation interface of 3D printing equipment, or for sound and/ Or visual alarm.
Using such Method of printing, operator can set H according to actual needs0Value after, printed, pawnshop When the flatness of bisque is undesirable, stop printing, subsequent remedial measure can be carried out after stopping printing, then proceedes to beat Print or operator continue to print after can carrying out appropriate adjustment to printing technological parameter, to obtain the product haveing excellent performance.
The present invention also provides a kind of 3D printing equipment, the shell including sealing is provided with power spreading device in the shell, institute It states and is additionally provided with surface figure measuring device in shell;
Further include data processing equipment, for handling the data that surface figure measuring device obtains, obtains powder The characterization parameter H of layer surface irregularity degree, and characterization parameter H is compared with setting range value;It further include data feedback dress It sets, for receiving data the data processed result of processing unit and feedback data processing result.
Preferably, the feedback device is electrically connected with data processing equipment.
Further, the power spreading device is scraper power spreading device or roller power spreading device.
Further, the surface figure measuring device is three-dimensional image forming apparatus or range unit, and three-dimensional image forming apparatus can To obtain the height, depth, area information of 3-D image Zhong Feng, paddy.
Further, the surface figure measuring device is optical imaging device, laser image forming apparatus, electronic imaging apparatus One of.
Further, the data processing equipment is single-chip microcontroller or computer.
Further, the data feedback device is one of display device, sound and/or light warning device or a variety of.
Wherein, data processing equipment can by the hardware such as single-chip microcontroller, the computer of this field routine and the software for including, Data processing equipment handles surface topography characterize data, screens data, as the highest point at powder surface irregularity is high Spend HmaxWith lowest part depth Hmin, and data are fed back into operator by feedback device, operator is according to feedback result Printing device can be adjusted in real time, such as control opening and closing, adjustment print parameters.Operator can according to need, into The maximum high, deep value (H of the pattern on row setting surface0), when the surface of a certain layer occurs being greater than the setting value H0Out-of-flatness When ground, data processing equipment control feedback device is fed back.
3D printing equipment of the invention and Method of printing can the flatness to powdering layer during printing supervised in real time It surveys, and monitoring result Real-time Feedback is come out, facilitate operator to reasonably adjust printing technological parameter, avoid powdering not Product defects caused by uniformly, and then increase substantially the performance of product.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the top view of the 3D printing equipment of the first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of the 3D printing equipment of the first embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Come that the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to attached drawing and in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted Under condition, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention be can be combined with each other.For sake of convenience, hereinafter as occurred "upper", "lower", "left", "right" printed words only indicate consistent with the upper and lower, left and right direction of attached drawing itself, do not play limit to structure It is set for using.
The 3D printing equipment of present embodiment, the shell 1 including sealing, shell 1 is interior to be equipped with the work being parallel to the horizontal plane Platform 2 is provided with power spreading device in the shell 1, is provided with surface figure measuring device around the power spreading device;Also wrap Data processing equipment is included, for handling the data that surface figure measuring device obtains, obtains powder bed surface irregularity The highest point height H at placemaxWith lowest part depth Hmin, and with setting value H0Compare, the data processing equipment and surface topography Measuring device electrical connection;It further include data feedback device, the data processed result of processing unit and by data for receiving data Processing result feeds back to operator, and the feedback device is electrically connected with data processing equipment.
Wherein, power spreading device is scraper power spreading device, and the scraper power spreading device includes powder supply platform 301 and powdering platform 303, powder supply platform 301 and powdering platform 303 are parallel with workbench 2, the powder supply platform 301 and powdering platform 303 It has been respectively arranged below for powder cabin 304 and powdering storehouse 305, has been open for the top in powder cabin 304 and powdering storehouse 305, for powder cabin 304 It is each attached on workbench 2 with powdering storehouse 305, institute concordant with workbench 2 for the top end face in powder cabin 304 and powdering storehouse 305 Stating powder supply platform 301 can rise along for powder cabin 304, and the powdering platform 303 can rise or fall along powdering storehouse 305;The confession Powder platform 301 is equipped with and can scrape powder to the Gua Fen mechanism 302 on powdering platform 303, and the Gua Fen mechanism 302 completes once It can rise after scraper and be back to powder supply platform 301.Workbench 2 is in inert gas shielding state.
Surface figure measuring device is laser image forming apparatus, which includes laser 501 and inductor 502, the laser 501 is set to the left side of powdering platform 303, and the inductor 502 is set to the right side of powdering platform 303 Side, and between powdering platform 303 and powder supply platform 301, the imaging device further includes computer, and corresponding meter Calculate imaging software.Data processing equipment handles the 3-D image Zhong Feng of acquisition, the height of paddy, depth, area information, point Analysis obtains the highest point height H at powder surface irregularitymaxWith lowest part depth Hmin, and data are fed back by feedback device To operator.
Data processing system handles the data of acquisition, obtains the highest point height H at powder surface irregularitymax With lowest part depth Hmin, and data are fed back into operator by feedback device.
The 3D printing equipment of present embodiment further includes that the density for measuring the powder bed density of power spreading device laying is surveyed Device 4 is measured, density measuring equipment 4 includes volume measurement device and Weight-measuring device, and density measuring equipment 4 is set to powdering storehouse 305 lower section, density measuring equipment are electrically connected with data processing equipment.
The data processing equipment is single-chip microcontroller;Data feedback device is mainly by display device and acoustic-optic alarm group At, display device for showing Real-time Monitoring Data, referred to for operator, acoustic-optic alarm give operator's prompt or Warning.
The content that above-described embodiment illustrates should be understood as that these embodiments are only used for being illustrated more clearly that the present invention, without For limiting the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to various equivalent forms of the invention Modification each fall within the application range as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of 3D printing equipment Method of printing, which comprises the steps of:
(1) one layer of powder is spread, powder bed is obtained;
(2) powder bed in step (1) is characterized with surface figure measuring device, obtains powder bed surface irregularity degree Characterization parameter H;
Wherein, the surface figure measuring device is high-resolution ratio range finding device;Powdering is measured by high-resolution ratio range finding device The N number of site in powdering storehouse surface afterwards measures height H of N number of point relative to Laser emission plane1, H2...HN, H is calculated1, H2...HNAverage value HA, calculate | H1-HA| ..., | HN-HA|, and the maximum value for obtaining calculated volume of data is set to Characterization parameter H;The high-resolution ratio range finding device includes laser ranging system or optical fiber distance measuring device, high-resolution ratio range finding device Positioned at the surface of measurement point position;
(3) characterization parameter H is compared with setting range value;
(4) it when characterization parameter H, which meets setting range value, to be required, is printed;When characterization parameter H exceeds setting range value, Stop printing, and feedback information.
2. 3D printing equipment Method of printing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the information fed back in step (4) exists It is shown in the operation interface of 3D printing equipment, or is sound and/or visual alarm.
CN201710316420.4A 2017-05-08 2017-05-08 A kind of 3D printing equipment and Method of printing Active CN106903315B (en)

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CN109396430A (en) * 2017-08-16 2019-03-01 业纳工业计量德国公司 For manufacturing to production the device of metal assembly in a manner of based on powder bed
CN107839240A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-27 杭州捷诺飞生物科技股份有限公司 The 3 D-printing method and device monitored in real time
CN107498874B (en) * 2017-09-21 2023-09-12 杭州捷诺飞生物科技股份有限公司 Three-dimensional printing synchronous micro-tomography online monitoring method and system
US20190134891A1 (en) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-09 General Electric Company Dmlm build platform and surface flattening
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CN109551179B (en) * 2018-11-29 2021-04-02 南方科技大学 Method for manufacturing metal part
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CN110605854B (en) * 2019-10-28 2022-08-12 杭州捷诺飞生物科技股份有限公司 Printing control method, device and system and control equipment
CN111791495B (en) * 2020-06-18 2022-03-22 共享智能装备有限公司 Method for detecting flatness of 3D printing powder laying surface
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