CN106902350B - metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN106902350B
CN106902350B CN201710092296.8A CN201710092296A CN106902350B CN 106902350 B CN106902350 B CN 106902350B CN 201710092296 A CN201710092296 A CN 201710092296A CN 106902350 B CN106902350 B CN 106902350B
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吴富根
鲍琰雯
华先武
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Southeast University
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Abstract

the invention discloses a metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material and a preparation method and application thereof. Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material has the following outstanding advantages: the hydrothermal synthesis raw material has low cost and wide source, and can be prepared in large scale, wherein the metal ion compound has little dosage and can be used for reaction only by the characteristic of water solubility; the preparation method is extremely simple and time-saving, and the purification is convenient; the synthesized product can be dispersed and stabilized in various aqueous solutions after simple surface modification; the prepared metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material has excellent photo-thermal property, low cytotoxicity and good photo-thermal anti-cancer effect, and has good application prospect in tumor photo-thermal treatment.

Description

metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
the invention relates to a metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material, a preparation method and biomedical application thereof, belonging to the field of nano materials and nano medicine.
Background
Photothermal therapy is an emerging highly selective and minimally invasive technique for the treatment of cancer. In photothermal therapy, photothermal materials are first delivered to the tumor site by the high permeability and retention effects of solid tumors. Then, the photothermal materials at the tumor part absorb near infrared light with strong tissue penetrating capability and effectively convert the near infrared light into heat, so that the tumor part is heated and various biological enzyme functional disorders in cancer cells are induced, and finally the cancer cells are killed. The ideal photo-thermal material not only has stronger light absorption and higher photo-thermal conversion efficiency in a near infrared region, but also needs to have the characteristics of lower biotoxicity, better light stability, higher physiological environment stability, small size and the like which are beneficial to targeted delivery. The photo-thermal materials reported at present mainly include organic compounds (such as indocyanine green ICG, IR825, Cypate and the like), polymers (such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and the like), metal nanomaterials (such as gold nanorods, palladium nanosheets, copper sulfide nanosheets, molybdenum sulfide nanosheets, tungsten oxide nanowires and the like), carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide) and the like. However, these photothermal materials often cannot be used for cancer therapy due to their high cost, complex synthesis, poor photostability, low photothermal conversion efficiency and extinction coefficient, poor water dispersibility, poor biocompatibility, and poor biodegradability. Therefore, the development of the photo-thermal nano material which has simple and universal preparation method, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency and good biocompatibility has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material and a novel preparation method thereof, and the surface of the material is modified to improve the stability and the dispersibility in water, so that a novel photo-thermal nano material with excellent photo-thermal performance, low cytotoxicity and good tumor targeting property is finally obtained for the photo-thermal treatment of tumors.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial, which is mainly prepared by synthesizing phenylenediamine or a derivative thereof and a metal ion compound, and then carrying out surface modification by using a stabilizer.
Preferably, the derivatives include p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, 4-methyl-o-phenylenediamine or N, N-diethyl-o-phenylenediamine, etc.
Preferably, the metal element contained in the metal ion compound is Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Fe, Co, Mn, or the like.
Preferably, the metal ionic compound includes nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, sodium chloropalladate, potassium chloropalladate, sodium chloroplatinate, potassium chloroplatinate, silver nitrate, chloroauric acid, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate or potassium permanganate, and the like.
preferably, the molar ratio of the phenylenediamine or the derivative thereof to the metal ion compound is 1:0.01 to 1:1, more preferably 1: 0.1.
Preferably, the stabilizer is at least one of sulfydryl-polyethylene glycol-methoxy molecule (HS-PEG-OMe), N-hydroxysuccinimide-polyethylene glycol-methoxy molecule (NHS-PEG-OMe), bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin or thioglucose, or a combination of the above molecules, and more preferably NHS-PEG5 k-OMe.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving phenylenediamine or a derivative thereof and a metal ion compound in water, mixing, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 120-200 ℃ for 0.5-24 h, and cooling at room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano-material aqueous solution with good dispersibility;
(2) Dialyzing or centrifuging the aqueous solution of the metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial to obtain a pure aqueous solution of the metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial, and determining the mass concentration of the solution by a freeze-drying method;
(3) And adding a stabilizer into the purified aqueous solution of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial to perform surface modification, and dialyzing or centrifuging to obtain the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial with biomedical application potential.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial to the stabilizer is 1: 0.1-1: 10, and more preferably 1: 5.
The invention finally provides the application of the metal-doped photothermal carbon nano material in preparing a photothermal material.
preferably, the photothermal material is a photothermal material applied to tumor photothermal therapy.
The metal ions are innovatively introduced into simple one-step hydrothermal synthesis to prepare the metal-doped carbon nanomaterial, the synthesis raw materials of the metal-doped carbon nanomaterial are cheap and easy to obtain, the synthesis is simple, the water dispersibility is good, the modification is easy, the stability of the physiological environment after the modification is good, and the metal-doped carbon nanomaterial has a large extinction coefficient (the extinction coefficient is 5-35 Lg -1 cm -1) in a near infrared region, and the extinction coefficients of other reported photothermal materials are gold nanorods 3.9Lg -1 cm -1, graphene oxide nanosheets 3.6Lg - 1 cm -1 and black phosphorus quantum dots 14.8Lg -1 cm -1) and high photothermal conversion efficiency (the photothermal conversion efficiency is 30-55%, and the photothermal conversion efficiencies of other reported photothermal materials are 13.0% of the gold nanosheets, 38.5% of the carbon dots, 21.0% of the gold nanorods and 28.4% of the black phosphorus quantum dots).
The technical effects are as follows: compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material has the following outstanding advantages: the hydrothermal synthesis raw material has low cost and wide source, and can be prepared in large scale, wherein the metal ion compound has little dosage and can be used for reaction only by the characteristic of water solubility; the preparation method is extremely simple and time-saving, and the purification is convenient; the synthesized product can be dispersed and stabilized in various aqueous solutions after simple surface modification; the prepared metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material has excellent photo-thermal property, low cytotoxicity and good photo-thermal anti-cancer effect, and has good application prospect in tumor photo-thermal treatment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the preparation of a metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial according to the present invention.
fig. 2 and 3 are a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image and a Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) particle size distribution diagram of the nickel-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial prepared by the present invention, respectively.
fig. 4 and 5 are uv-vis absorption spectra and extinction coefficient fit plots of nickel-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterials at different concentrations.
fig. 6 and 7 are fitting line graphs of temperature rise curves and temperature fall times of the nickel-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial under 808nm laser irradiation and after laser is turned off to-ln (theta).
FIG. 8 shows the temperature rise results of different concentrations of Ni-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterials under 808nm laser irradiation.
FIG. 9 shows the photo-thermal treatment results of various concentrations of Ni-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterials on breast cancer cells (MCF-7).
FIG. 10 shows the toxicity evaluation results of various concentrations of Ni-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterials on breast cancer cells (MCF-7).
Detailed Description
the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The preparation method of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial (see figure 1) comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing p-phenylenediamine and nickel chloride respectively, enabling the molar ratio of the p-phenylenediamine to the nickel chloride to be 1:0.1, and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine and the nickel chloride in ultrapure water respectively;
(2) After the two solutions are uniformly mixed, the volume is determined to be 30mL, and the mixture is transferred into a 50mL hydrothermal reaction kettle;
(3) reacting at 160 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling at room temperature after the reaction is finished, centrifuging or dialyzing and purifying to obtain an aqueous solution of the nickel-doped carbon nano material with better dispersity, and determining the mass concentration of the solution by a freeze-drying method. The synthetic materials were characterized with TEM and DLS, respectively, and the results are shown in fig. 2 and 3, respectively;
(4) Adding a stabilizer NHS-PEG5k-OMe into the aqueous solution of the nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial, carrying out surface modification by using the mass ratio of the nickel-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial to NHS-PEG5k-OMe as 1:5, and stirring at room temperature for reaction overnight;
(5) After the solution is centrifuged or dialyzed in a dialysis bag (the molecular weight cut-off is preferably 10k), pure and stable nickel-doped carbon nano-material is obtained.
Example 2
Similar to example 1, except that p-phenylenediamine in the step (1) is replaced with m-phenylenediamine; nickel chloride is replaced by nickel nitrate; in the step (4), the stabilizer NHS-PEG5k-OMe is changed into HS-PEG5 k-OMe;
The molar ratio of m-phenylenediamine to nickel nitrate is 1: 0.01; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 120 ℃ for 24 h; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 0.1.
Example 3
Similar to example 1, except that p-phenylenediamine in step (1) is replaced with o-phenylenediamine; changing nickel chloride into copper chloride; in the step (4), the stabilizer NHS-PEG5k-OMe is changed into HS-PEG2 k-OMe;
the molar ratio of o-phenylenediamine to copper chloride is 1: 1; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 0.5 h; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 10.
Example 4
Similar to example 1, except that p-phenylenediamine in step (1) is replaced with 4-methylphthalenediamine; replacing nickel chloride with sodium chloropalladate; in the step (4), the stabilizer NHS-PEG5k-OMe is changed into NHS-PEG2 k-OMe;
the molar ratio of the 4-methyl o-phenylenediamine to the sodium chloropalladate is 1: 0.1; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 160 ℃ for 12 h; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 5.
Example 5
Similar to example 1, except that p-phenylenediamine in step (1) is replaced with N, N-diethylo-phenylenediamine; replacing nickel chloride with potassium chloropalladate; in the step (4), the stabilizer NHS-PEG5k-OMe is replaced by bovine serum albumin;
the molar ratio of the N, N-diethyl o-phenylenediamine to the potassium chloropalladate is 1: 0.05; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 140 ℃ for 20 h; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 1.
Example 6
Similar to example 1, except that in step (1) nickel chloride was replaced by silver nitrate; in the step (4), the stabilizer NHS-PEG5k-OMe is replaced by human serum albumin;
the molar ratio of phenylenediamine to silver nitrate is 1: 0.5; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 2h at 180 ℃; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 8.
Example 7
similar to example 1, except that step (1) was carried out by replacing nickel chloride with chloroauric acid; in the step (4), the stabilizing agent NHS-PEG5k-OMe is changed into glucose sulfhydryl;
The molar ratio of p-phenylenediamine to chloroauric acid is 1: 0.2; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 130 ℃ for 5 h; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 2.
example 8
Similar to example 1, except that p-phenylenediamine in the step (1) is replaced with m-phenylenediamine; changing nickel chloride into ferric chloride;
the molar ratio of the m-phenylenediamine to the ferric chloride is 1: 0.5; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 10h at 150 ℃; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 3.
Example 9
Similar to example 1, except that p-phenylenediamine in step (1) is replaced with o-phenylenediamine; changing nickel chloride into cobalt chloride; in the step (4), the stabilizer NHS-PEG5k-OMe is changed into HS-PEG5k-OMe and HS-PEG2 k-OMe;
The molar ratio of o-phenylenediamine to cobalt chloride is 1: 0.1; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 15h at 170 ℃; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 7.
Example 10
Analogously to example 1, with the difference that in step (1) the nickel chloride is exchanged for potassium permanganate; in the step (4), the stabilizer NHS-PEG5k-OMe is changed into HS-PEG5k-OMe, HS-PEG2k-OMe and human serum albumin;
The molar ratio of p-phenylenediamine to potassium permanganate is 1: 0.08; in the step (3), carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 190 ℃ for 18 h; the mass ratio of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the stabilizer in the step (4) is 1: 4.
example 11
The uv-vis spectrum and extinction coefficient of the nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial of example 1 were determined by the following steps:
The nickel metal-doped carbon nanomaterial of example 1 was diluted with pure water to have mass concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μ g/mL, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra thereof were measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, respectively, and the results are shown in fig. 4. a straight line was fitted with the mass concentration of the nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial as abscissa and the absorption value of the solution at 808nm as ordinate, and the slope thereof was the extinction coefficient of the nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial, and the results are shown in fig. 5, and the extinction coefficient thereof was measured to be 32.7Lg -1 cm -1.
Example 12
The photothermal conversion efficiency of the nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial of example 1 was determined by the following steps:
and (3) recording the temperature rise of the nickel-doped carbon nano material aqueous solution with specific concentration under the laser of 808nm and the temperature drop curve after the laser is closed in real time by using a thermal imager, and making a fitting linear graph of the temperature drop time to-ln (theta) (fig. 6 and 7). According to the formula:
wherein hS is obtained by fitting a straight line, T, Q is obtained by recording the temperature rise of the photothermal material and pure water by a thermal imager, I is laser energy, A 808 is the ultraviolet absorption value of the nickel-doped carbon nano material aqueous solution at 808nm under the experimental concentration, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 30.4% by calculation according to the formula.
Example 13
The effect of temperature increase of the nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial of example 1 was determined by the following steps:
The nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial of example 1 is prepared by preparing aqueous solutions of the nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial with mass concentrations of 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 μ g/mL, respectively, irradiating the aqueous solutions with a laser at 808nm at a power intensity of 1W/cm 2, recording the temperature of the solutions every 15s, and continuously monitoring the temperature for 10min, and the result is shown in FIG. 8. As shown in the figure, under the irradiation of the 808nm laser, the aqueous solutions of the nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial can effectively absorb light energy and rapidly heat up, when the mass concentration is high (10-50 μ g/mL), the solutions can heat up to more than 25 ℃ within 10min, and even when the mass concentration is low (2 μ g/mL), the solutions can heat up to about 12 ℃, which indicates that the nanoparticle has high photothermal conversion efficiency, so that the nanoparticle is suitable for being used as a novel photothermal material.
Example 14
The nickel-doped carbon nanomaterial of example 1 was tested for photothermal effects on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in vitro, as follows:
The method comprises the steps of selecting breast cancer cells (MCF-7), incubating 5 x 10 4 cells/mL with complete culture media with nickel-doped carbon nanomaterials mass concentrations of 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mug/mL for 4 hours, irradiating the cells for 10 minutes at power intensity of 1W/cm 2 by using a laser with the wavelength of 808nm, and designing a control group without light at the same time, continuously placing the cells into an incubator for incubation for 12 hours, and determining the cell survival rate by using an enzyme labeling instrument and an MTT (maximum temperature test) detection method, wherein the results are shown in a figure 9.
example 15
The cytotoxicity of the nickel metal-doped carbon nanomaterial of example 1 is tested by selecting breast cancer cells (MCF-7) as an experimental object, incubating 5 × 10 4 cells/mL with complete culture media containing nickel-doped carbon nanomaterials with mass concentrations of 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70 and 100 μ g/mL respectively for 24h, and determining the toxicity of the nickel metal-doped carbon nanomaterials on the MCF-7 cells by using an enzyme-labeling instrument and an MTT (methanol to transfer test) detection method, wherein the results are shown in FIG. 10. the experimental results show that the nickel metal-doped carbon nanomaterials have substantially no toxicity on the cells at an incubation concentration of 0-50 μ g/mL (cell survival rate of 90% or more), and even after incubating the nickel metal-doped carbon nanomaterials with high concentrations (70-100 μ g/mL, which are far greater than the concentration during photothermal therapy) with the cells, the MCF-7 cells have a survival rate of 80%, which indicates that the nickel metal-doped carbon nanomaterials have good biocompatibility.
The materials obtained in examples 2 to 10 were tested according to the methods of examples 11 to 15 described above, and the results were substantially the same as those of the test results of the material obtained in example 1.
In conclusion, the invention develops a novel simple and universal hydrothermal preparation method for introducing metal ions into the carbon nano material. The prepared metal-doped carbon nanomaterial has excellent photo-thermal property, good water dispersibility, easy modification and good photo-thermal anticancer effect, and has important application prospect in the biomedical fields of tumor photo-thermal treatment and the like.

Claims (4)

1. A metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial is characterized in that the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial is mainly prepared by synthesizing p-phenylenediamine and nickel chloride, and then performing surface modification by using a stabilizer NHS-PEG5 k-OMe;
The preparation method of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nanomaterial comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving p-phenylenediamine and nickel chloride in water, mixing the solution and the nickel chloride at a molar ratio of 1:0.1, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 160 ℃ for 1.5h, and cooling at room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano-material aqueous solution with good dispersibility;
(2) Dialyzing or centrifuging the aqueous solution of the metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial to obtain a pure aqueous solution of the metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial, and determining the mass concentration of the solution by a freeze-drying method;
(3) Adding a stabilizing agent NHS-PEG5k-OMe into the purified aqueous solution of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material for surface modification, carrying out surface modification by using the mass ratio of the nickel-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the NHS-PEG5k-OMe as 1:5, stirring at room temperature for reaction overnight, dialyzing or centrifuging the solution after reaction, and dialyzing to obtain the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material with the molecular weight cutoff of 10 k.
2. The method of preparing a metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Dissolving p-phenylenediamine and nickel chloride in water, mixing the solution and the nickel chloride at a molar ratio of 1:0.1, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 160 ℃ for 1.5h, and cooling at room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano-material aqueous solution with good dispersibility;
(2) Dialyzing or centrifuging the aqueous solution of the metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial to obtain a pure aqueous solution of the metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial, and determining the mass concentration of the solution by a freeze-drying method;
(3) Adding a stabilizing agent NHS-PEG5k-OMe into the purified aqueous solution of the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material for surface modification, carrying out surface modification by using the mass ratio of the nickel-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material to the NHS-PEG5k-OMe as 1:5, stirring at room temperature for reaction overnight, dialyzing or centrifuging the solution after reaction, and dialyzing to obtain the metal-doped photo-thermal carbon nano material with the molecular weight cutoff of 10 k.
3. use of the metal-doped photothermal carbon nanomaterial of claim 1 in the preparation of a photothermal material.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the photothermal material is a photothermal material for the photothermal treatment of tumors.
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