CN106900995A - It is a kind of to regulate and control method for Yan-Bian yellow cattle - Google Patents
It is a kind of to regulate and control method for Yan-Bian yellow cattle Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900995A CN106900995A CN201710068736.6A CN201710068736A CN106900995A CN 106900995 A CN106900995 A CN 106900995A CN 201710068736 A CN201710068736 A CN 201710068736A CN 106900995 A CN106900995 A CN 106900995A
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- yellow cattle
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The present invention relates to method stress be regulated and controled before a kind of government official of Yan-Bian yellow cattle.The method that fasting and feeding and management improve beef quality before more particularly to killing.What the present invention provided a kind of Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress regulate and control method, and the method includes：Its fasting water supply is processed before Yan-Bian yellow cattle is butchered, the water contains composite phosphate, the composite phosphate is sodium pyrophosphate:Sodium tripolyphosphate:Sodium hexametaphosphate=1:5:14.By the present invention, when the compound phosphoric acid brine strength that Yan-Bian yellow cattle is drunk before government official is suitable, calcium phosphorus content is unbalance during Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood is not caused.Drunk before government official compound phosphoric acid salt solution can alleviate to a certain extent before the butchering of Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress, maintain the stable state of organismic internal environment.Compound phosphoric acid salt solution is drunk before government official can improve the pH value and water-retaining property of Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat, improve beef color and luster and tenderness, and Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat is improved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to method stress be regulated and controled before a kind of government official of Yan-Bian yellow cattle.Fasting and feeding and management before more particularly to killing
The method for improving beef quality.
Background technology
With Chinese society expanding economy and the raising of Living consumption, requirement of the people to beef quality is also more next
It is higher.It is beef cattle from live body by the first step as trunk after a series for the treatment of such as bloodletting, disintegration to butcher, therefore, butcher pipe
Reason is just particularly important.
Animal can all be subjected to a series of stimulation before butchering, for example：Weather conditions, carcass, environment change
The different degrees of stimulation such as change, the change of group structure, fasting, starvation, contact, the fear excessive with the mankind tired out can all make
Into animal bodies and psychological injury.Except extraneous stimulation, the kind and gene of animal itself can also influence
To animal stress degree.Stress degree cross conference and cause endocrine and the change of blood index of correlation, cause animal body
Get muddled, death can be caused when serious.Stress the bigger physical consumption of degree it is more, stress during oxidized form muscle fibre generation
Thank to the big energy of consumption, cause blood sugar largely to consume, while muscle anuerobic respiration is strengthened causing lactic acid to increase.There is data report
Road, milk cow is in the case of heat stress, it will its metabolism is got muddled, now the feed intake of milk cow, Reproduction performance
Decline with immunity, and easily catch, when serious, milk cow heatstroke can be also resulted in, in addition it is dead.
Particularly, the fasting behavior of manual control during being rested before fracture and government official of the animal in handling and transportation
It is referred to as killing preceding fasting.Fasting includes two kinds of situations before the government official of animal：Passive fasting and active fasting, that is, loading and unloading, transporting
In journey unavoidable fracture cut off the water supply situation and livestock and poultry manual control in the rest period before government official fasting supply water.Fasting is waited to kill
Can alleviate animal transport etc. during uneasy mood and stress so as to a certain extent recover animal body in glycogen
Consumption and trunk loss.In addition, adequate water being provided during fasting can effectively reduce the haemoconcentration of animal, it is to avoid
Generation bloodletting is bad, the low a series of problems of bloodletting qualification rate.Fasting water supply is critically important before the government official of animal, and if properly handled,
Then can both reduce stress can make beef cattle meat producing plant reduce some economic losses again so as to improve beef quality.
It has been investigated that, ruminant can reduce the general of trunk faecal contamination when butchering through the abundant fasting before government official
Rate；If fasting process duration is long, harmful microbe content in ruminant tumor gastric can be increased, so as to increase knurl
Possibility of the gastric content to pollution trunk.Management is the important ring for improving quality of mutton before killing, and sheep is real before butchering
Apply fasting management before the government official of a period of time.Generally require fasting 21 hours, but must assure that water supply is abundant during this, until before killing
Stop within 2-3 hours supplying water.
A kind of Chinese medicine composition for ox emergency reaction is pointed out in Chinese patent CN106138961, said composition includes
Hawthorn, apple, snow amber, Ligusticum wallichii, the bark of official magnolia, dried orange peel, Radix Glycyrrhizae, rhizoma atractylodis, Chinese yam, Poria cocos, fructus amomi, malt, wrinkled giant hyssop, granatum, purple
Bandit, cinnabar, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, gelsemium elegan, ginseng, oil Piao, while disclosed comprising the ginger as efficacy-enhancing ingredient and carp, in specification for
Ox indigestion, weakness of the spleen and the stomach etc. under transport stress state.
Pointed out in Chinese patent CN106071191, slow down physiological responses to heat stress pig feed, including be with weight portion, by flour
50-60, sugarcane top 60-70, rice bran 30-40, grape pip 3-4, beet 13-17, aloe 9-13, white popinac 20-25, banana skin
25-30, blackstrap 7-9, butter 7-8, urea, NaOH, urea phosphate, Trichoderma viride, product gastral cavity Candida, grape juice ferment
Female, appropriate amount of water, it is possible thereby to slow down physiological responses to heat stress.
At present, for before the government official for how preventing and improving animal stress, temporarily lack certain uniformity and has in the world
Effect property.Although explore reduce kill before stress mode above there is the difficulty of the aspect such as economic and artificial, this problem
Still should widely be paid close attention to.
The content of the invention
Method stress be regulated and controled it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Yan-Bian yellow cattle, the method includes：In Yan-Bian yellow cattle
Its fasting water supply is processed before butchering, the water contains composite phosphate, the composite phosphate is sodium pyrophosphate:Tripolyphosphate
Sodium:Sodium hexametaphosphate=1:5:14.
Stress regulate and control method described in second technical scheme of the invention, wherein, the concentration of the composite phosphate is 0.5
The scope of weight %~1.5 weight %.
Stress regulate and control method described in 3rd technical scheme of the invention, wherein, the concentration of the composite phosphate is 1.0
Weight %.
Stress regulate and control method described in 4th technical scheme of the invention, wherein, 12~24h before Yan-Bian yellow cattle is butchered
When, its fasting water supply is processed.
Stress regulate and control method described in 5th technical scheme of the invention, wherein, Yan-Bian yellow cattle uses the side of free water
Formula, and stop supplying water in 3h before government official.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for breeding of Yan-Bian yellow cattle, it is characterised in that during Yan-Bian yellow cattle is raised,
Stress regulate and control method raising using of the present invention.
The present invention further provides a kind of Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat, it is characterised in that obtained according to method for breeding of the invention
High-quality beef.
By the present invention, when the compound phosphoric acid brine strength that Yan-Bian yellow cattle is drunk before government official is suitable, do not cause to prolong side
Calcium phosphorus content is unbalance in yellow cattle blood.Compound phosphoric acid salt solution is drunk before government official can to a certain extent alleviate butchering for Yan-Bian yellow cattle
Before stress, maintain organismic internal environment stable state.Compound phosphoric acid salt solution is drunk before government official can improve pH value and the guarantor of Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat
It is aqueous, improve beef color and luster and tenderness, Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat is improved to a certain extent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 represents influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle Blood cortisol content；
Fig. 2 represents influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to ACTH in Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood；
Fig. 3 shows storage initial stage Fiber structure observation figure (100 times).
Specific embodiment
Below, the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention will be combined, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out detailed
Description, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this hair
Embodiment in bright, the every other reality that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained on the premise of creative work is not made
Example is applied, the scope of protection of the invention is belonged to.
It should be noted that herein, term " including ", "comprising" or its any other variant be intended to non-row
His property is included, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of key elements not only include those key elements, and
And also include other key elements being not expressly set out, or also include for this process, method, article or equipment institute are intrinsic
Key element.
Fig. 1 represents influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle Blood cortisol content；Fig. 2 represents compound phosphoric acid
Influence of the salt treatment to ACTH in Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood；Fig. 3 shows that storage initial stage Fiber structure is seen
Examine figure (100 times).
Yan-Bian yellow cattle of the invention stress regulate and control method, and the method includes：Drinking drinking containing composite phosphate
The step of water.It is of the present invention to regulate and control method, wherein, the composite phosphate is sodium pyrophosphate:Sodium tripolyphosphate:Six
Metaphosphoric acid receives=1:5:14.It is of the present invention to regulate and control method, wherein, the concentration of the composite phosphate is 0.5 weight
The scope of amount %~1.5 weight %.
In the present invention, effect of the phosphate in food processing mainly has two aspects, and one can serve as food
Quality improver, plays the effects such as bacteriostasis, preservation, buffering resistive connection, emulsion dispersion；Two is the nutrition fortifier of food, and phosphate can
As the nutrient source of calcium iron.There are numerous studies to show at present, phosphate can be applied to meat products as quality improver
It is central.Main Function of the phosphate in the middle of meat packing has：Water retention, osmosis and bactericidal action etc. are helped, wherein
Topmost effect is water retention, all can substitute phosphate without more preferable water-loss reducer so far.
The present inventor has carried out more in-depth study to phosphatic water retention, and its water conservation mechanism is embodied in：
The pH value of meat can be improved.Phosphate can rise the pH value of meat, higher than the isoelectric point of meat albumen, so that the water retention property of meat
Power is improved, it is ensured that the fresh and tender degree of meat albumen；Metal ion in chelating meat.At the same time, phosphate energy chelated metal ions, make
Fiber structure tends to loosely can also dissolving in more moisture in muscle；Increase the ionic strength of meat.Phosphate have multivalence cloudy from
The compound of son, can have ionic strength higher under relatively low concentration, and the ionic strength for increasing muscle is conducive to flesh ball
Albumen is changed into collosol state, thus improves the water holding capacity of meat；Dissociation actomyosin.Phosphate can be by myoglobulin solution
From being actomyosin and myosin, the water holding capacity of myosin is strong, thus improves the water-retaining property of meat.The water conservation of muscle
Property has a direct impact to the edible quality of the meat such as tenderness, succulence, fragrance, color and luster, the nutritive loss of meat, with important economy
Meaning.
Embodiment 1~3, comparative example 1
In the present invention, according to the Yan-Bian yellow cattle (bull) 36 that the 30 monthly ages health of feeding standard to 600 ± 50kg is disease-free
Head, is provided by prolonging side state Dragon Well tea Changbai Mountain rush Fuqing Zhen Rouye Co., Ltds；Food-grade sodium pyrophosphate, food grade sodium tripolyphosphate
With food-grade sodium hexametaphosphate, it is purchased in market；Ox cortisol (COR) enzyme-linked immunologic detecting kit and ox corticotropin
(ACTH) enzyme-linked immunologic detecting kit is purchased from Nanjing and builds up Bioengineering Research Institute.
36 Yan-Bian yellow cattles are randomly divided into 4 groups, every group of 3 repetitions, each 3 ox of repetition.With reference to national standard《GB/T
19477-2004 oxen butcher code》Carry out previous experiments.In 24h before Yan-Bian yellow cattle is butchered, its individuality is numbered and prohibited
Food water supply treatment.The normal drinking public water supply of comparative example, embodiment drinks composite phosphate (sodium pyrophosphate：Sodium tripolyphosphate：Six is inclined
Phosphoric acid receives=1:5:14) concentration is respectively the Yan-Bian yellow cattle of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% water, each embodiment and comparative example
By the way of free water, and stop supplying water in 3h before government official.Shown in following 1 table of packet situation：
Table 1
The period fasting for solids and liquids before Yan-Bian yellow cattle government official, it is utilized respectively anticoagulant blood-collecting pipe (EDTA) and promotees solidifying heparin tube (separation
Glue+coagulant) collection Yan-Bian yellow cattle jugular vein new blood is appropriate, and enter line label in heparin tube blank space.Anticoagulant blood-collecting pipe
At the uniform velocity to rock, blood is fully contacted with the anti-coagulants in heparin tube；Promote solidifying heparin tube and want held stationary, treat that serum is analysed
After going out, for subsequent measurements blood index of correlation.
After kit is taken out from refrigerator first, balance 30min or so at room temperature is placed on.Then kit operation is pressed to say
It is bright to carry out standard items dilution and be subsequently loaded process.In 10min after terminate liquid is added, the survey of each hole absorbance is carried out
Fixed (condition determination：Blank well is returned to zero, and OD values are determined at 450nm).Concentration and corresponding OD values meter finally according to standard items
The regression equation of standard curve is calculated, the OD values further according to sample calculate the concentration of correspondence blood serum sample on regression equation.
By the blood sample after collection, the measure of normal blood index and blood parameters is carried out respectively.The blood of measure
Liquid conventional index includes：Leucocyte (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), lymphocyte (LYM), neutrophil leucocyte (NEUT), blood platelet
(PLT) quantity, hemoglobin (HGB) content and hematocrit value (HCT).The blood parameters of measure include：Glucose
(GLU), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and blood calcium (Ca), serium inorganic phosphorus (P) content.
One-way analysis of variance and conspicuousness are carried out to experimental result using the statistical softwares of SPSS Statistics 17.0
Inspection, analysis result " mean+SD " expression, P<0.05 is that result difference is notable.
As shown in figure 1, the COR contents in embodiment Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood are substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05), and
The COR contents of 1.0% embodiment are substantially less than 0.5%, 1.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).
As shown in Fig. 2 the ACTH contents in embodiment Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood are below comparative example, but simultaneously there was no significant difference
(P ＞ 0.05).
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment of table 2 to Yan-Bian yellow cattle normal blood index
Note：Going together, right shoulder letter is different to represent significant difference (P ＜ 0.05)；The identical expression difference of right shoulder letter of going together does not show
Write (P ＞ 0.05)；Similarly hereinafter.
Table 2 reflects influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle normal blood index, as seen from table, comparative example
WBC numbers are significantly higher than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05), and the WBC numbers of 0.5% embodiment are substantially less than 1.0,1.5% embodiment (P
＜ 0.05).Comparative example RBC numbers are higher than embodiment, wherein 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05) is significantly higher than, but between embodiment
And there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Comparative example LYM numbers are substantially less than 0.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).Comparative example NEUT numbers
It is significantly higher than 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05), but between 1.5% embodiment and there was no significant difference (P ＞
0.05).Comparative example PLT numbers are higher than between embodiment, but comparative example and treatment group each group and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).It is right
Ratio HGB contents are higher than embodiment, wherein being significantly higher than 1.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).Comparative example HCT is higher than embodiment, its
In be significantly higher than 1.0,1.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment of table 3 to Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood parameters
Table 3 reflects influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood parameters, as seen from table, embodiment
GLU contents are above comparative example, wherein the GLU contents of 1.0% embodiment are significantly higher than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05).Embodiment
ALT contents are substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05), but difference is not notable (P ＞ 0.05) between embodiment.The CK of comparative example contains
Amount is significantly higher than 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05), but CK contents with 1.5% embodiment and there was no significant difference (P
＞ 0.05).Simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) for the LDH contents of comparative example and embodiment.Comparative example and embodiment Yan-Bian yellow cattle
Simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) for Ca, P content in serum.
Animal can strengthen Hypothalamus-pituitary frontal lobe-hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activity when by environmental stimuli, trigger answering for animal
Swash.When the ACTH releasing factor of hypothalamus secretion enters into anterior pituitary by hypophyseal portal circulation, can promote ACTH's
Release, meanwhile, ACTH can act on adrenal cortex again, so that the synthesis of COR and secretory volume increase, ultimately result in
The concentration of COR and ACTH is accordingly raised.Therefore, hormonal readiness in animal blood and relation that stress be between degree are extremely close
Cut.
In the present invention, two kinds of hormonal readinesses of comparative example are above embodiment, and on COR hormonal readinesses, comparative example
There is significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) between treatment group each group, this explanation comparative example Yan-Bian yellow cattle receives environment, temperature, fasting
Larger with the influence for killing the factors such as preceding pressure, the interior environment and immunity function of body also there occurs larger change, ultimately result in
COR and ACTH hormone-contents have been raised.Experimental result is drunk composite phosphate water energy and is enough alleviated before can further illustrating government official
Before the government official of Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress, and when composite phosphate addition be 1.0% when, the hormonal readiness of COR and ACTH is minimum.
Normal blood index is generally possible to reflect the health condition of body.WBC primarily serves immunization in body,
And the immunologic function of RBC also it is verified that.Research has shown that, WBC numbers can be higher than after shipping the normal value of animal, Er Qie
Can not recover during rest.It has been investigated that, transport can cause body to be dehydrated, and haemoconcentration is accordingly raised, so that
Cause RBC and HGB to increase, but can gradually recover normal after a period of time, and with the rising of haemoconcentration,
PLT quantity can also be raised.Comparative example WBC numbers of the present invention are significantly higher than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).Comparative example RBC numbers are higher than implementation
Example, wherein being significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The HGB contents of comparative example are higher than embodiment, wherein implementing with 1.5%
Example has significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).It is possible thereby to illustrate comparative example Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress degree it is larger, embodiment prolongs side
After drinking compound phosphoric acid salt solution, RBC and HGB's ox are gradually restored.Although the PLT numbers of comparative example are higher than embodiment,
Simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) for the PLT quantity of each group.
Main feature when lymphocyte is reduced and neutrophil leucocyte increase is Animal stress.In the present invention, comparative example LYM
Number is substantially less than 0.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The NEUT numbers of comparative example are significantly higher than 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment (P ＜
0.05).This can further illustrate comparative example Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress degree be more than embodiment.
On HCT, He Sitan and Jersey HCT can be raised under the conditions of heat stress is pointed out under study for action.HCT raises usual
It is considered as body to improve a kind of compensatory regulation and adaptation of blood oxygen carrying capacity.The HCT of comparative example is significantly higher than 1.0,
1.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05), illustrates that comparative example Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress not yet be eased, it is necessary to pass through body itself regulation
Every immunity function, so as to reach reduce stress purpose.
Blood parameters are the important indicators that can reflect animal body energetic supersession.Animal stress degree get over
Greatly, physical consumption is more, stress during oxidized form muscle fibre metabolism will consume big energy, so as to cause GLU to contain
Amount is reduced.GLU is higher, and the power consumption of explanation body is lower, conversely, body power consumption is then higher, therefore, GLU contents can reflect body
Stress degree.The GLU contents of embodiment are above comparative example, wherein the GLU contents of 1.0% embodiment are significantly higher than comparative example
(P ＜ 0.05), illustrate 1.0% embodiment Yan-Bian yellow cattle body power consumption it is low compared with comparative example, stress degree it is relatively small.
ALT is an important indicator for reflecting animal's liver function, ALT in serum the height of content and liver health with
It is no closely related.When liver damage, ALT is to be released in serum, raises its activity.In general, LDH and CK in blood
Source be mainly cardiac muscle and the important body tissue such as skeletal muscle, so both enzymes are for judging the myocardial damage journey of animal
Degree is with certain diagnostic.In the present invention, the ALT contents of embodiment are substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05).Comparative example
CK contents are significantly higher than 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).Illustrate the muscular fatigue and tissue of comparative example Yan-Bian yellow cattle
Cellular damage is bigger for embodiment, and can further prove to drink compound phosphoric acid salt solution and can reduce before killing to prolong
What side ox histocyte was subjected to damages, so as to suppress desmoenzyme largely be flowed into the middle of blood.But the LDH contents of comparative example
Simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) between embodiment.
Inorganic salts in blood are more with ionic condition presence, and these ions are able to maintain that colloidal osmotic pressure, blood plasma soda acid are put down
Weighing apparatus and body normal activities, therefore, inorganic salts also play critical effect in body blood.Due to embodiment
Yan-Bian yellow cattle the compound phosphoric acid salt solution of various concentrations has been drunk before government official, so the serium inorganic phosphorus content for measuring compared with comparative example slightly
Have higher, but calcium phosphorus content in there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05), and each group Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood is in the domestic animal that grows up
Normal level in the range of, therefore, it can be stated that the compound phosphoric acid brine strength that bright Yan-Bian yellow cattle is drunk before government official is more suitable, and
It is unbalance without result in the calcium phosphorus content in blood.
The present invention determines each group respectively by drinking influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt solution to Yan-Bian yellow cattle physiochemical indice before government official
Two kinds of hormone-contents, normal blood index and blood parameters of COR, ACTH in Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood.Measurement result is as follows：
1. the COR contents in the Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood of embodiment are substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05), and 1.0%
The COR contents of embodiment are minimum.There was no significant difference on ACTH hormonal readinesses with embodiment (P ＞ 0.05) for comparative example.
2. the WBC quantity in embodiment Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood is substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05).1.0% embodiment
RBC quantity be substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05).The LYM quantity of 0.5% embodiment is significantly higher than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05).
0.5%th, the NEUT quantity of 1.0% embodiment is substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05), but comparative example and treatment group each group PLT
Simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) for quantity.The HGB contents of 1.5% embodiment are substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05),
1.0%th, the HCT of 1.5% compound phosphoric acid treatment group is substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05).
3.1.0% the GLU contents of embodiment are significantly higher than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05), and the ALT contents of embodiment are substantially less than
Comparative example (P ＜ 0.05), the CK contents of 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment are substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05), but comparative example and place
Simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) for the LDH contents of reason group.
From beef cattle of the invention, every group randomly selects 3, and totally 12 are standardized and butcher, and are then placed in trunk
Acid discharge is interior to carry out acid discharge treatment.Between entering acid discharge in 45min and 24h after Yan-Bian yellow cattle government official respectively, left-half trunk is determined
The longissimus dorsi muscle correlation of attributes index of body.After through acid discharge 48h, the longissimus dorsi muscle for taking left-half trunk is appropriate, carries out vacuum packet
Dress.Then the meat sample after packaging is placed in cryogenic box to transport to livestock products laboratory freezer (0-4 DEG C) and continues ripe, and
In the measure for every other day carrying out storage initial stage meat index of correlation.
Carry out the measure of pH value and trunk temperature to beef respectively using pH value direct tester and thermometer.When determining every time,
2cm in probe insertion muscle will be determined, is repeated 5 times, as a result take its average value.
CIE L are carried out to beef using portable colorimeter*、CIE a*、CIE b*Measure.When determining every time, ox is chosen
5 sites of meat, as a result take its average value.
During sampling, cut certain mass cube meat and weigh (W1) be vacuum-packed afterwards and mark, opened when Initial Experimental Stage is preserved
Cube meat is taken out in packaging bag, and the juice on cube meat surface is blotted with filter paper, and weigh (W2).Calculated by following equation (1)：
Juice loss (%)=(W1-W2)/W1×
100.............................................(1)
Cube meat is weighed (W3) after, it is placed in 80 DEG C of water-baths and is heated to central temperature and reaches 75 DEG C, keep 20min, room temperature
After cooling, blot the prior cube meat surface juice handled well with filter paper and weigh, be denoted as (W4).Calculated by following equation (2)：
Cooking loss (%)=(W3–W4)/W3×
100.................................................(2)
3cm thickness meat samples are rejected into fat and manadesma, valve bag is put into, heated in 80 DEG C of water-baths, treat meat sample center temperature
Degree takes out after reaching 70 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature.Meat sample is trimmed to 1cm × 1cm × 3cm sizes, the special shearing force of tenderness is chosen
Cutter head, with the shear force value of physical properties of food analysis-e/or determining meat sample, each sample carries out 3 parallel determinations, as a result takes its average
Value.
According to beef prepared by the method for the present invention, the measure of Fiber structure is carried out, i.e. cut length, width and height about 2cm
The cube meat of × 1cm × 1cm, makes its major axis be consistent with the direction of muscle fibre, is placed on 10% neutral formalin water-soluble
It is fixed in liquid, and shake frequently, musculature is fully fixed, meat sample is then accomplished into cross section for 1cm × 1cm, thickness is about
It is the thin slice of 0.2-0.3cm.After musculature is fixed, dewater treatment is carried out using the ethanol and dimethylbenzene of various concentrations,
Then soft wax and hard wax embedding are carried out.After wax is solidified completely, sample is taken out from embedded box, repaiied using freezing-microtome
Type, then adjusts thickness and starts section, obtains continuous whole wax band.The suitable wax section of picking is placed on the water surface of stand piece machine,
In the middle of clean slide, last layer glycerine albumen alite paste is smeared, when wax disk(-sc) is heated to be fully deployed, gone to fish for wax with slide
Piece, is fixed in the correct position of slide, and slide is dried, and then carries out follow-up HE dyeing procedures, finally carries out cover plate.Will
Section be placed under 100 times of Olympus microscope take pictures it is shown in Figure 3, it is soft using micro-image under being then adjusted to 400 times
Part cellSens Entry, select polygon option, carry out the measurement of single muscle fibre cross-sectional area, girth and minimum diameter.
In the present invention, the influence of 45min meats after different composite phosphate treated is killed to Yan-Bian yellow cattle, such as table are inquired into
4：
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment of table 4 to 45min meats after Yan-Bian yellow cattle government official
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to 45min meats after Yan-Bian yellow cattle government official as shown in table 4, as seen from table, is contrasted
Example pH45minValue is less than embodiment, wherein having significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) between 0.5%, 1.5% embodiment.Comparative example
T45minValue is significantly higher than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The CIE L of comparative example* 45minValue is significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜
0.05), but between 0.5%, 1.5% embodiment simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The CIE a of comparative example* 45minValue is low
In embodiment, wherein substantially less than 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The CIE b of comparative example and embodiment* 45minValue is simultaneously
There was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).
In the present invention, the influence of 24h meats after compound phosphoric acid salt treatment is killed to Yan-Bian yellow cattle is inquired into：
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment of table 5 to 24h meats after Yan-Bian yellow cattle government official
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to 24h meats after Yan-Bian yellow cattle government official is as shown in table 5, as seen from table, comparative example
pH24hValue is less than embodiment, wherein having significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) with 1.5% embodiment.The T of comparative example24hValue is significantly low
In embodiment (P ＜ 0.05), and 1.0% embodiment T24hValue is significantly higher than 0.5%, 1.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).It is right
The CIE L of ratio* 24hValue is higher than embodiment, wherein being significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The CIE a of comparative example* 24hValue
Less than embodiment, wherein substantially less than 0.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The CIE b of comparative example* 24hHad no between value and embodiment
Significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).
In the present invention, compound phosphoric acid salt treatment is inquired into preserving the influence of initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat：
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment of table 6 to storage initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to preserving initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat is as shown in table 6, as seen from table, comparative example
PH value is substantially less than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The CIE L of comparative example*Value is higher than embodiment, wherein being significantly higher than 1.0% implementation
Example (P ＜ 0.05).The CIE a of comparative example*Value is less than embodiment, wherein substantially less than 1.0%, 1.5% embodiment (P ＜
0.05).The CIE b of comparative example and embodiment*It is worth and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The juice loss rate of comparative example is higher than
Embodiment, wherein being significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The cooking loss rate of comparative example is higher than embodiment, but comparative example
Simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) between treatment group.The shear force value of comparative example is significantly higher than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05),
But simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) between embodiment, wherein the shear force value of 1.0% embodiment is minimum.
In the present invention, compound phosphoric acid salt treatment is inquired into preserving the influence of initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle Fiber structure：
Influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment of table 7 to storage initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle Fiber structure
Table 7 is compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to preserving the influence of initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle Fiber structure, as seen from table, comparative example
Area of muscle fiber be significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05), but the area of muscle fiber between 0.5%, 1.5% embodiment
And there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The muscle fibre girth of comparative example is significantly higher than 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05),
But simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) between 1.5% embodiment.The diameter of muscle fiber of comparative example is significantly higher than 0.5%,
1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05), but simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) between 1.5% embodiment.Storage initial stage flesh is fine
Dimension structure observation figure (100 times) See Figure 3.
In the present invention, inquire into influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat pH value, i.e. beef cattle after butchering,
The pH value of trunk can directly influence the quality of meat by a series of changes.Have been reported that and show, trunk after beef cattle government official
The pH value of 45min and 24h can be determined that the quality of beef quality, i.e. pH45minWhen≤6.0, PSE meat can be produced, now color and luster is grey
In vain, surface succulence；pH24h>=6.0, DFD meat can be now produced, its meat is harder, color is deeper, and easily corrupt.Each group of the present invention
Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat does not occur PSE, DFD meat.
Domestic animal is interrupted due to oxygen supply after slaughter, and internal muscle glycogen carries out anaerobic glycolysis reaction and produces lactic acid, three
AMP can generate phosphoric acid after decomposing, and lactic acid and phosphoric acid can decline pH value.The pH of trunk 45min and 24h after beef cattle government official
Value can reflect the speed that its pH declines.The present invention from Yan-Bian yellow cattle government official after 45min to 24h, comparative example, 0.5%, 1.0%,
The pH value decrease speed of 1.5% embodiment is respectively 11.41%, 13.69%, 12.04%, 13.10%, illustrates the pH of embodiment
Value decrease speed be more than comparative example, this be probably due to embodiment when butchering stress be smaller than comparative example, glycogen contains in muscle
Amount is higher, and the lactic acid for reacting generation is more, so pH value decrease speed is very fast.And each group pH value decrease speed is above
10%.And comparative example pH45min、pH24hValue is less than embodiment, this be probably due to composite phosphate in muscle in alkaline reaction,
So as to improve the pH value of beef.
When pH drops to trunk cadaveric rigidity, pH value is reduced to minimum, and subsequent pH value can be with the extension bottom out of time.This with
Result of the present invention is consistent, after acid discharge, preserves the pH value of initial stage each group beef compared with pH24Rise.Further, since phosphate
Effect, the pH value of embodiment deviates isoelectric point, so that the pH value of storage initial stage treatment group is significantly higher than comparative example (P ＜
0.05)。
In the present invention, influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle trunk temperature is inquired into, i.e. there are some researches show,
45min trunks temperature is in relatively low level after government official has the trunk of 45min after positive effect, therefore government official for improving water-retaining property
Temperature can accurately predict the water-retaining property of muscle.In the present invention, the T of comparative example45minValue is significantly higher than embodiment (P ＜
0.05).This is to be struggled when butchering due to the Yan-Bian yellow cattle of comparative example, revolted relatively acutely, beef cattle stress degree it is big so as to draw
Hair body heat production is high, and trunk temperature is higher after ultimately resulting in government official.And the T of comparative example24hValue is substantially less than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).
This is probably that when butchering, body power consumption is big due to comparative example beef cattle, for keeping the energy of body temperature less, so as to cause during 24h
Trunk temperature is relatively low.
In the present invention, influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat surface color is inquired into, i.e. in daily life
In, during consumer's purchase beef and its product, what is be initially observed must be the color of meat, therefore, muscle surface color is to comment
Determine one of important indicator of meat organoleptic quality.CIE L*Value is bigger, and yellowish pink is brighter, CIE a*More big then redder, the CIE of yellowish pink of value
b*The more big then yellow chromaticity of value is bigger.Some scholars think the ripe and CIE L of meat*Value correlation highest, and think CIE a*Value
Than CIE b*Value more directiveness, because the color of beef is the change from red to green.CIE a*Value is higher, and explanation meat is fresher,
Because having hemoglobin in muscle, it can react generation oxymyoglobin with oxygen, and oxymyoglobin is higher,
Redness is higher, but oxymyoglobin can occur back reaction, i.e. muscle again, and standing time is long in atmosphere, can cause oxygen
Close myoglobins and decompose excessive, so that the reduction of red degree.
In the present invention, the CIE L of comparative example* 45min、CIE L* 24h、CIE L*Value is significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜
0.05).The trend of rising is presented with the extension of time after government official for the brightness of each group Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat, mainly due to body after government official
Retention ability declines, and causes the infiltration of muscle inside, accumulates in trunk surface, enhances the albedo of light.The red of beef each group
Degree first raise, decreased at the storage initial stage, this be probably due to beef through vacuum packaging after, be in extruding environment under, it is interior
Portion's moisture accumulates in beef surface, makes CIE L*Value is further raised, and causes storage initial stage CIE a*Value declines, the CIE of embodiment
a*Value is significantly higher than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05), and this can further illustrate compound phosphoric acid salt treatment and can improve the red of beef
Degree, makes its color be in fresh state.Simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) between the yellow chromaticity and embodiment of comparative example, and this says
Bright compound phosphoric acid salt treatment is to CIE b*Value influence is smaller.
In the present invention, influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat water-retaining property is inquired into, i.e. water-retaining property is to weigh
The change of the aspects such as the good and bad important indicator of meat quality, its color and luster, structural state to muscle plays an important roll.Muscle
Water-retaining property is on the one hand closely related with the integrality of myocyte and protein steric structure, when the energy contained by muscle myocyte is got over
Many, muscle inside protein steric structure is more complete, and the water that can be accommodated inside muscle is consequently increased, so that muscle
It is that waterpower rises；Conversely, can then cause muscle is that waterpower declines, on the other hand, it is big that Animal stress can trigger myocyte to produce
The free radical of amount aggravates lipid oxidation, and then damages the functional structure of muscle cell membrane, causes the moisture inside myocyte a large amount of
Ooze out.The method for weighing muscle water-retaining property has a lot, and wherein juice loss and cooking loss are the more commonly used researchers
Method, the two can indirectly reflect the water-retaining property of muscle, and cooking loss can reflect the yield rate of beef with side, from
And differentiate the edible and processing quality of muscle.
The juice loss rate of comparative example is higher than embodiment, wherein having significant difference (P ＜ with 1.0% embodiment
0.05).Test result indicate that, compound phosphoric acid salt treatment can improve the water-retaining property of beef, reduce the juice loss of beef, and
1.0% embodiment effect is most obvious.The cooking loss rate of comparative example is above between embodiment, but each group that there was no significant difference (P
＞ 0.05).Because comparative example beef is at the storage initial stage, ATP contents are not enough in meat, muscle is in contraction state, are water
Power reduction, causes cooking loss to raise[7], it is consistent substantially with juice loss rate result.
In the present invention, influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat shearing force is inquired into, i.e. tenderness is to weigh meat
One of important indicator of quality, and the size of shearing force can intuitively reflect the tenderness of muscle.Stress be to muscle shear force value
With certain influence, when stress degree it is smaller when, muscle inside glycogen content is higher, musculature can be made to degrade complete, because
This, shear force value is than relatively low, and the tenderness of muscle is good[30].During maturation, the quality of meat constantly improves beef, due to
The collective effect of enzyme and other factors, the muscle fibril of muscle is destructurized, causes muscle fibril snip to change exponent to increase, right
The increase of tenderness serves advantageous effect, have impact on the shear force value of muscle.
In the present invention, the shearing force of comparative example is significantly higher than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05), but it is poor that conspicuousness is had no between embodiment
Different (P ＞ 0.05).Result of the present invention can further illustrate compound phosphoric acid salt treatment can slow down before the government official of Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress,
And then improve tenderness of beef utilizing, improve meat.
In the present invention, compound phosphoric acid salt treatment is inquired into preserving the influence of initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat muscle fiber structure, i.e.
Muscle fibre is the base unit of musculature, and muscle fibre constitutes muscle bundle, and muscle bundle size embodies muscle fibre thickness.Numerous studies are sent out
There is relevance with tenderness in the muscle fibre of existing muscle, and it was found that animal due to kind, the monthly age, sex, position, maturation condition with
The difference of time etc., the muscle fibre characteristic of its muscle there is also difference, so as to certain influence can be had on the tenderness of beef.Flesh is fine
Dimension diameter and size are the key factors for influenceing tenderness of beef utilizing, and the size of diameter of muscle fiber directly affects its area, and flesh is fine
The larger meat of dimension area has shearing force higher.Have many scholars research has shown that, muscle fibre is thinner, and meat is tenderer；Otherwise
Then meat is harder.
Result shows that the area of muscle fiber of comparative example is significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The flesh of comparative example is fine
Dimension girth is significantly higher than 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The muscle fibre minimum diameter of comparative example is significantly higher than 0.5%,
1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).Illustrate that 0.5%, 1.0% compound phosphoric acid salt treatment is fine to preserving the flesh of initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat
Dimension structure tool has a significant impact (P ＜ 0.05).Muscle bundle size is proportionate with shearing force, negatively correlated with tenderness, with flesh
The increase of beam, the acceptable degree of beef declines.Fiber structure Changing Pattern of the present invention is mutually fitted substantially with shearing force Changing Pattern
Should.This can further illustrate 1.0% compound phosphoric acid salt treatment can reduce the flesh that Yan-Bian yellow cattle preserves initial stage Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat
Fiber area, girth and minimum diameter, improve tenderness of beef utilizing, so as to improve meat.
By the present invention, influence of the compound phosphoric acid salt treatment to Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat determines 45min and 24h after government official
When left-half trunk longissimus dorsi muscle pH value, temperature, surface color, and storage initial stage longissimus dorsi muscle pH value, surface face
Color, water-retaining property, shearing force, Fiber structure.
1. comparative example pH45minValue is substantially less than 0.5%, 1.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).Comparative example pH24hValue is significantly low
In 1.5% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).In 45min to the 24h times after Yan-Bian yellow cattle government official, the pH value of embodiment compares comparative example
Decrease speed is fast.After acid discharge, the pH value for preserving initial stage each group has risen, and the pH value of comparative example is substantially less than embodiment
(P ＜ 0.05).
2. the T of comparative example Yan-Bian yellow cattle trunk45minValue is significantly higher than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The T of comparative example24hValue is notable
Less than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).
3. the extension of time after being killed with Yan-Bian yellow cattle, each group brightness value is presented the trend of rising.1.0% embodiment
CIE L* 45min、CIE L* 24h、CIE L*Value is substantially less than comparative example (P ＜ 0.05)；Compound phosphoric acid salt treatment is to CIE a* 45min、
CIE a* 24h、CIE a*Value influence is significantly (P ＜ 0.05)；Compound phosphoric acid salt treatment is to CIE b*Value does not make significant difference (P ＞
0.05)。
4. the initial stage is preserved, and the juice loss rate of comparative example Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat is significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05),
But simultaneously there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) for the cooking loss rate of comparative example and treatment group each group.
5. the initial stage is preserved, and the shear force value of comparative example Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat is significantly higher than embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).
Storage initial stage, the area of muscle fiber of comparative example is significantly higher than 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).The flesh of comparative example is fine
Dimension girth and minimum diameter are all remarkably higher than 0.5%, 1.0% embodiment (P ＜ 0.05).
The compound phosphoric acid brine strength that Yan-Bian yellow cattle is drunk before government official is suitable, and calcium phosphorus in Yan-Bian yellow cattle blood is not caused
Content is unbalance.Drunk before government official compound phosphoric acid salt solution can alleviate to a certain extent before the butchering of Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress, maintain machine
The stable state of vivo environment.Compound phosphoric acid salt solution is drunk before government official can improve the pH value and water-retaining property of Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat, improve beef
Color and luster and tenderness, improve Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat to a certain extent.Comprehensive analysis items experimental result, 1.0% embodiment
Best results.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Yan-Bian yellow cattle stress regulate and control method, and the method includes：Its fasting water supply is processed before Yan-Bian yellow cattle is butchered,
The water contains composite phosphate, and the composite phosphate is sodium pyrophosphate:Sodium tripolyphosphate:Sodium hexametaphosphate=1:5:14.
2. it is according to claim 1 stress to regulate and control method, wherein, the concentration of the composite phosphate for 0.5 weight %~
The scope of 1.5 weight %.
3. it is according to claim 2 stress to regulate and control method, wherein, the concentration of the composite phosphate is 1.0 weight %.
4. it is according to any one of claim 1 to 3 stress to regulate and control method, wherein, 12~24h before Yan-Bian yellow cattle is butchered
When, its fasting water supply is processed.
5. it is according to claim 4 stress to regulate and control method, wherein, Yan-Bian yellow cattle is being killed by the way of free water
Stop supplying water during preceding 3h.
6. a kind of method for breeding of Yan-Bian yellow cattle, it is characterised in that during Yan-Bian yellow cattle is raised, using claim 1-
Stress regulate and control method raising any one of 5.
7. a kind of Yan-Bian yellow cattle meat, it is characterised in that the high-quality beef that the method for breeding according to claim 6 is obtained.
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