CN106900848A - Probiotic gel particle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Probiotic gel particle and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900848A CN106900848A CN201510978097.8A CN201510978097A CN106900848A CN 106900848 A CN106900848 A CN 106900848A CN 201510978097 A CN201510978097 A CN 201510978097A CN 106900848 A CN106900848 A CN 106900848A
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- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 241000206575 Chondrus crispus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 235000006481 Colocasia esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 45
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013406 prebiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000186605 Lactobacillus paracasei Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
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- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 235000020167 acidified milk Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000020124 milk-based beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 4
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical group [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- 208000035404 Autolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010057248 Cell death Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001879 Curdlan Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 206010063560 Excessive granulation tissue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010021703 Indifference Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940078035 curdlan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C9/127—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using microorganisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae and other microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. kefir, koumiss
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/21—Streptococcus, lactococcus
- A23V2400/249—Thermophilus
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of probiotic gel particle and preparation method thereof, its raw material includes：The carragheen of 0.5 weight %~2.5 weight %, the taro glue that rubs of 0.1 weight %~2 weight %, the edible oil and fat of 2.1 weight %~7 weight %, the liquid spawn culture medium of 0.5 weight %~5 weight %, the probiotics of 0.2 weight %~0.8 weight %；And the water of surplus.Probiotic gel particle proposed by the invention has high-activity probiotics, and the Viable detection of probiotics is high, and the mouthfeel of the probiotic gel particle for being proposed more lubricates totally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of food, specifically, the present invention relates to probiotic gel particle and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With China's fermented dairy product industrial expansion, short shelf-life acidified milk (refrigeration acidified milk) due to transport, storage and
Sale is both needed to cold chain tracking so that a series of quality problems such as acidifying after market terminal often appearance, short shelf-life acidified milk is
The market demand can not be fully met.Therefore, shelf-life fermented dairy product long just comes into existence as the situation requires.
Shelf-life fermented dairy product long with it is nutritious, be easy to digestion, special taste many advantages, such as it is favored by consumers,
But need to extend shelf life of products by re-pasteurization in shelf-life fermented dairy product (normal temperature fermentation dairy products) production process long,
I.e. after acidified milk fermenting-ripening, second sterilization processing is carried out, usually pasteurize or ultra high temperature sterilization, so just may be used
To control the microbiological indicator of product, the generation of acidifying problem after product is prevented, but re-pasteurization not only kills acidified milk
In pollution microbes, while also inactivating lactic acid bacteria.
Lactic acid bacteria is active probiotic, can make the composition of gut flora that beneficial change occurs, and improves human gastrointestinal tract function,
Recover colony balance in human body intestinal canal, form antibacterial biological barrier, the effect beneficial with health etc. is safeguarded.And due to
Re-pasteurization inactivates lactic acid bacteria, and when shelf-life acidified milk long is eaten, consumer cannot obtain active benefit to consumer
Raw bacterium.
Therefore, exploitation can be added in shelf-life dairy products long, the gel particle containing profitable probliotics is particularly important and urgently.
The content of the invention
It is contemplated that at least solving one of technical problem in correlation technique to a certain extent.
The application is that discovery and the understanding of following facts and problem are made based on inventor：
Carragheen solution temperature is low, if as the raw material for preparing probiotic gel particle, sol solutionses in preparation process
Temperature can add probiotics in the case where relatively low temperature is kept (such as 38~45 degrees Celsius), such that it is able to preferably guarantor
Hold probiotic active.
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of gel particle with high-activity probiotics and preparation method thereof.
In the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of probiotic gel particle.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, it is former
Material includes：The carragheen of 0.5 weight %~2.5 weight %, the taro glue that rubs of 0.1 weight %~2 weight %, 2.1 weight %~7 weight %
Edible oil and fat, the liquid spawn culture medium of 0.5 weight %~5 weight %, the probiotics of 0.2 weight %~0.8 weight %；And
The water of surplus.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, probiotic gel particle proposed by the present invention has the probiotics of high activity, base
In the raw material of 1000g, the viable bacteria content of initial probiotics raw material is 4 × 1011~1.6 × 1012,CFU, products obtained therefrom after processing
Prebiotic bacterial content is 6.5 × 1010~1.5 × 1012CFU, the Viable detection of probiotics up to more than 90%, meanwhile, according to this
Inventive embodiment, the probiotic gel particle of the embodiment of the present invention is stored under normal temperature condition, the average viability of probiotics
Also it is higher, if the embodiment of the present invention is up to more than 90%.Probiotic gel particle proposed by the invention is adapted to be added into length
In shelf-life dairy products and other food, the probiotics of high activity is both provided for human body, turn avoid the rear acidifying of dairy products
Problem.Meanwhile, probiotic gel particle proposed by the invention enters mouth totally, and taste lubrication is adapted to popular taste.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, above-mentioned probiotic gel particle further can also have following additional technical feature at least
One of：
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, the edible oil and fat be selected from sunflower oil, the probiotics include selected from Bifidobacterium,
At least one of streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus paracasei.The heat transfer effect of sunflower oil is good, and unrighted acid contains
Amount is high, not only improves the embedding of gel particle, and health is conducive to again；Bifidobacterium, streptococcus thermophilus, secondary cheese breast
Bacillus is three major types probiotics, and any one is respectively provided with improvement human gastrointestinal tract function, recovers colony balance in human body intestinal canal,
Antibacterial biological barrier is formed, the beneficial effect such as health is safeguarded.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, above-mentioned edible oil and fat and
The addition of probiotics so that probiotic gel particle proposed by the invention has the probiotics of more high viability, nutritive value
It is higher, advantageously in health.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, the probiotic gel particle is obtained as follows：(1) by water, institute
Carragheen, the konjac glucomannan mixed dissolution and sterilization are stated, sol solutionses are obtained；(2) by the probiotics and the liquid spawn
Culture medium is mixed, and obtains probiotics base-material；(3) step (2) gained probiotics base-material is mixed with the edible oil and fat
Stirring, obtains containing oil-based material；(4) to addition step (3) gained is containing oil-based material and stirs in step (1) gained sol solutionses,
Obtain probiotics colloidal sol；(5) by step (4) gained probiotics colloidal sol instillation sterilized water, condensation cured globulate is obtained
The probiotic gel particle.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, the probiotic gel particle prepared by above-mentioned steps
Probiotics survival rate is higher, active higher, and the compact structure of gained probiotic gel particle, size and hardness are uniform, elasticity
Higher and bright in color.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, in step (4), the temperature of the sol solutionses is 38~45 degrees Celsius.Block in raw material
Draw the solution temperature of glue low, the temperature of required sol solutionses is 38~45 degrees Celsius, you can dissolves carragheen, is taken the photograph 38~45
Under family name's degree, probiotics can keep survival rate and activity higher, so that the probiotics viable bacteria of gained probiotic gel particle
Survival rate and activity are significantly improved.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, based on 1000 grams of the raw material, the viable bacteria content of the probiotics is 4 × 1011~1.6
×1012CFU, the temperature of sol solutionses is 38~45 degrees Celsius, and probiotics can keep high activity at this temperature, based on 1000
Gram raw material, processing products obtained therefrom in probiotics viable bacteria content up to 6.5 × 1010~1.5 × 1012CFU, the work of probiotics
Up to more than 90%, probiotic gel particle proposed by the invention contains the probiotics of high activity to bacterium survival rate, so that very
It is suitable to be added into shelf-life dairy products long or other food, both for human body provides higher active probiotics, turn avoid
The rear acidifying problem of dairy products.
In the second aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of method for preparing probiotic gel particle noted earlier.According to
Embodiments of the invention, methods described includes：(1) by water, carragheen, konjac glucomannan mixed dissolution and sterilization, colloidal sol is obtained
Liquid；(2) probiotics and liquid spawn culture medium are mixed, obtains probiotics base-material；(3) step (2) is benefited
Raw bacterium base-material is mixed with edible oil and fat, is obtained containing oil-based material；(4) to addition step (3) in step (1) gained sol solutionses
Gained is containing oil-based material and stirs, and obtains probiotics colloidal sol；And (5) are aseptic by step (4) gained probiotics colloidal sol instillation
In water, condensation cured globulate obtains the probiotic gel particle, and optionally, the consumption of the carragheen is 0.5 weight
Amount %~2.5 weight %, the consumption of the konjac glucomannan is 0.1 weight %~2 weight %, and the consumption of the edible oil and fat is 2.1 weights
Amount %~7 weight %, the consumption of the liquid spawn culture medium is 0.5 weight %~5 weight %, and the consumption of the probiotics is
0.2 weight %~0.8 weight %；Optionally, the edible oil and fat are selected from sunflower oil, and the probiotics includes being selected from bifid bar
At least one of bacterium, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus paracasei.Inventor has found that the solution temperature of carragheen is low, is conducive to
The activity of probiotics is kept, based on 1000 grams of raw material, the viable bacteria content of the probiotics in products obtained therefrom reaches 6.5 × 1010
~1.5 × 1012CFU, survival rate of the probiotics in product preparation process is up to more than 90%；Meanwhile, reality of the invention
Example is applied, the probiotic gel particle of the embodiment of the present invention is stored under normal temperature condition, and the average viability of probiotics is also higher,
If the embodiment of the present invention is up to more than 90%.And carragheen enters mouth totally, taste lubrication so that probiotic gel particle
It is more suitable for popular taste.Meanwhile, inventor has found, if the content of carragheen is less than 0.5 weight %, is unfavorable for gel
The drop chemical conversion type of grain, while the mouthfeel of gained gel particle is bad, carragheen content is higher than 2.5 weight %, and 55 degree with regard to gel
, gelling temp is too high, is not suitable for embedding, and raw material can be caused excessively to use, and causes wastage of material.Therefore inventor carries
Go out, from carragheen as the raw material for preparing probiotic gel particle, while proposing the weight of optimum dose scope 0.5 of carragheen
Amount %~2.5 weight %, can both keep the high activity of probiotics, ensure that mouthfeel is smooth, while it is excessive also not result in raw material
Use.Konjac glucomannan is of high nutritive value；The heat transfer effect of sunflower oil is good, and the content of unrighted acid is high, both favorably
In the embedding of gel particle, health is conducive to again；Bifidobacterium, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus paracasei are three major types
Probiotics, any one is respectively provided with improvement human gastrointestinal tract function, recovers colony balance in human body intestinal canal, forms antibacterial biological
Barrier, safeguards the beneficial effect such as health.Sunflower oil and Bifidobacterium, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus paracasei
At least one addition so that gained probiotic gel particle have high viability and activity probiotics, be of high nutritive value,
Be conducive to health.Meanwhile, embodiments in accordance with the present invention, the probiotic gel grain structure prepared under the above method
Densification, size and hardness are uniform, elastic higher and bright in color.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, the above-mentioned method for preparing probiotic gel particle noted earlier can further include as
At least one lower additional technical feature：
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, in step (4), the temperature of the sol solutionses is 38~45 degrees Celsius.In this temperature
Under, carragheen, konjac glucomannan can be completely dissolved without solidification, meanwhile, after adding probiotics, it is adapted to hold the height of probiotics
Activity.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, the temperature of the sol solutionses is 38~45 degrees Celsius, in gained probiotic gel particle
Probiotics survival rate and activity further improve, the structure of gained probiotic gel particle is finer and close, quality is more equal
Even, mouthfeel is more preferably.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, based on 1000 grams of raw material, the viable bacteria content of the probiotics is 4 × 1011~1.6 ×
1012CFU, probiotic gel particle is prepared by method proposed by the invention, and the temperature of sol solutionses is 38~45 degrees Celsius,
Probiotics can keep high activity at this temperature, and based on 1000 grams of raw material, the viable bacteria content of the probiotics in products obtained therefrom can
Up to 6.5 × 1010~1.5 × 1012CFU, Viable detection is up to more than 90%.So as to be prepared by method proposed by the invention
Probiotic gel particle is especially suitable for being added into shelf-life dairy products long and other food, advantageously in improvement human intestines and stomach
The function in road, it is to avoid the rear acidification phenomenon of dairy products.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, in step (5), the temperature of the sterilized water is 10 to 25 DEG C；Optionally, walk
Suddenly (5) further include：During by probiotics colloidal sol instillation sterilized water, the size of drop is 3 to 6 millimeters, dropping liquid
Syringe needle is 4 to 6 centimetres with the distance of liquid level；Optionally, in step (1), the sterilization be temperature be 120 to
Carried out under conditions of 130 DEG C 1~5 minute.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, prepare probiotic gel particle under these conditions,
Formed product effect is good, edible safety, and probiotic gel grain structure is fine and close, size and hardness is uniform, elastic higher and color
Damp light.
In another aspect of this invention, the present invention proposes the purposes of carragheen, konjac glucomannan in probiotic gel particle is prepared.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, carragheen solution temperature is low, enter mouth clean, taste lubrication, is preparing probiotic gel particle
When, using carragheen, probiotics can add in the sol solutionses containing carragheen of lower temperature and keep bioactivity higher,
There is the probiotics of high activity so as to gained probiotic gel particle, and enter that mouth is clean, taste lubrication.
In addition, embodiments in accordance with the present invention, inventor's discovery, carragheen is a kind of curdlan extracted from red algae, tool
There is excellent gel characteristic, concentration needed for formation gel is low, transparency is high, and delicate mouthfeel.Konjac glucomannan main component is sweet Portugal
Dew glycan, is the food of a kind of low calorie, low-protein, high dietary-fiber, and ten several amino rich in needed by human body
Acid and trace element, can be that a kind of natural health food is again preferable food additives as functional food.And evil spirit
Taro glue formed gel reaction speed faster, physicochemical property it is more excellent.But simple OK a karaoke club glue gel exist gel fragility it is big,
The problems such as small, the easy syneresis of elasticity, easy acidolysis, simple konjac glucomannan can form the high hydrosol of viscosity degree, and its value is even
Higher than guar gum and locust bean gum, easily lumpd when gel is formed.Carragheen has synergy well with konjac glucomannan, mutually
Effect can avoid above mentioned problem, and the hydrogel intensity for being formed is big, elasticity is good, it is few to shrink dehydrating amount, and have concurrently carragheen with
All advantages of konjac glucomannan.Though locust bean gum can also improve the gel strength and elasticity of carragheen, konjac glucomannan compares locust bean gum
Synergistic effect with carragheen is stronger.
In addition, embodiments in accordance with the present invention, inventor is had found by substantial amounts of research experiment, and carragheen is with konjac glucomannan in benefit
Effect in raw bacterium gel particle is carrageenan solutions first along with temperature reduction, and carrageenan molecule conformation is from random in solution
Transformation from a ball of string to helical structure, and then spiral assembles, and forms physical crosslinking, forms macroscopic three dimensional network structure, herein mistake
In journey that the probiotic granulate of oil bag is embedded therein, carragheen constitutes main network structure, and konjac glucomannan fills up carragheen
In formed network structure, make the network structure of mixed system more tight, strengthen the embedding effect of inner core probiotics.
Specific embodiment
The solution of the present invention is explained below in conjunction with embodiment.It will be understood to those of skill in the art that following implementation
Example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.Unreceipted particular technique or condition in embodiment,
Carried out according to the technology or condition described by document in the art or according to product description.Raw materials used or instrument is not noted
Bright production firm person, be can by city available from conventional products.
The preparation method for preparing probiotic gel particle is described in detail in example 1 below~9：
Embodiment 1
Raw material：
Carragheen：5 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：20 kilograms；
Edible oil and fat：Selected from sunflower oil, consumption is 20 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from MRS culture mediums, consumption is 25 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from Bifidobacterium, consumption is 2 kilograms；；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from streptococcus thermophilus, consumption is 5 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms (consumption of water does not comprise the steps the sterilized water of condensation in 6 herein).
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 85 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 15 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue, konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 5 minutes at 120 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 45 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 5 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, probiotics base-material is mixed with edible oil and fat is well mixed it in 15 minutes, and speed of agitator is 600rpm/min, is obtained
To containing oil-based material；
4th, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 45 DEG C, then is added to contain oil-based material and stirred at 45 DEG C make within 15 minutes its mixing equal
It is even, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
5th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 20 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 4 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 5 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
Embodiment 2
Raw material：
Carragheen：10 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：10 kilograms；
Edible oil and fat：Selected from sunflower oil, consumption is 40 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from MRS culture mediums, consumption is 10 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from lactobacillus paracasei, consumption is 3 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms.
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 95 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 10 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue and konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 3 minutes at 125 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 42 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 3 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, probiotics base-material is mixed with edible oil and fat is well mixed it in 5 minutes, and speed of agitator is 600rpm/min, is obtained
To containing oil-based material；
4th, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 42 DEG C, then is added to contain oil-based material and stirred at 42 DEG C make within 8 minutes its mixing equal
It is even, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
5th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 25 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 5 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 4 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
Embodiment 3
Raw material：
Carragheen：15 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：5 kilograms；
Edible oil and fat：Selected from sunflower oil, consumption is 21 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from TPY culture mediums, consumption is 5 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from Bifidobacterium, consumption is 2 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms.
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 90 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 5 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue and konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 1 minute at 130 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 40 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 2 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, probiotics base-material is mixed with edible oil and fat is well mixed it in 9 minutes, and speed of agitator is 600rpm/min, is obtained
To containing oil-based material；
4th, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 40 DEG C, then is added to contain oil-based material and stirred at 40 DEG C make within 5 minutes its mixing equal
It is even, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
5th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 22 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 3 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 6 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
Embodiment 4
Raw material：
Carragheen：20 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：5 kilograms；
Edible oil and fat：Selected from sunflower oil, consumption is 60 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from TPY culture mediums, consumption is 20 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from Bifidobacterium, consumption is 8 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms.
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 88 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 12 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue and konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 2 minutes at 123 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 43 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 10 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, probiotics base-material is mixed with edible oil and fat is well mixed it in 7 minutes, and speed of agitator is 600rpm/min, is obtained
To containing oil-based material；
4th, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 43 DEG C, then is added to contain oil-based material and stirred at 43 DEG C make within 8 minutes its mixing equal
It is even, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
5th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 23 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 6 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 4.5 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
Embodiment 5
Raw material：
Carragheen：15 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：10 kilograms；
Edible oil and fat：Selected from sunflower oil, consumption is 70 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from MRS culture mediums, consumption is 50 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from lactobacillus paracasei, consumption is 5 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms.
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 88 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 8 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue and konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 2 minutes at 128 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 38 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 3 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, probiotics base-material is mixed with edible oil and fat is well mixed it in 8 minutes, and speed of agitator is 600rpm/min, is obtained
To containing oil-based material；
4th, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 38 DEG C, then is added to contain oil-based material and stirred at 38 DEG C make within 4 minutes its mixing equal
It is even, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
5th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 25 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 4.5 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 5.5 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
The probiotic gel particle that embodiment 1-5 is prepared in other food are added into after filtering sterilized water, or can be stored
It is standby.
Probiotic gel granulation tissue compact structure, size and hardness that embodiment 1-5 is prepared are uniform, elasticity is higher and
Bright in color.
Embodiment 6 (comparative example 1)
Raw material：
Carragheen：5 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：20 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from MRS culture mediums, consumption is 25 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from Bifidobacterium, consumption is 2 kilograms；；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from streptococcus thermophilus, consumption is 5 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms (consumption of water does not comprise the steps the sterilized water of condensation in 6 herein).
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 85 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 15 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue, konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 5 minutes at 120 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 45 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 5 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 45 DEG C, then be added to probiotics base-material and at 45 DEG C stirring mix it within 15 minutes
Uniformly, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
4th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 20 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 4 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 5 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
Embodiment 7 (comparative example 2)
Raw material：
Carragheen：5 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：20 kilograms；
Edible oil and fat：Selected from sunflower oil, consumption is 20 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from MRS culture mediums, consumption is 25 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from Bifidobacterium, consumption is 2 kilograms；；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from streptococcus thermophilus, consumption is 5 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms (consumption of water does not comprise the steps the sterilized water of condensation in 5 herein).
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 85 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 15 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue, konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 5 minutes at 120 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 45 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 5 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 45 DEG C, then be added to probiotics base-material and at 45 DEG C stirring mix it within 15 minutes
Uniformly, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
4th, probiotics colloidal sol is mixed with edible oil and fat is well mixed it in 15 minutes, and speed of agitator is 600rpm/min, is obtained
To oil-containing probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
5th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 20 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 4 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 5 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
Embodiment 8 (comparative example 3)
Raw material：
Carragheen：4.5 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：5 kilograms；
Edible oil and fat：Selected from sunflower oil, consumption is 20 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from MRS culture mediums, consumption is 25 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from Bifidobacterium, consumption is 2 kilograms；；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from streptococcus thermophilus, consumption is 5 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms (consumption of water does not comprise the steps the sterilized water of condensation in 5 herein).
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 85 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 15 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue, konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 5 minutes at 120 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 45 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 5 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, probiotics base-material is mixed with edible oil and fat is well mixed it in 15 minutes, and speed of agitator is 600rpm/min, is obtained
To containing oil-based material；
4th, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 45 DEG C, then is added to contain oil-based material and stirred at 45 DEG C make within 15 minutes its mixing equal
It is even, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
5th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 20 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 4 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 5 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
Embodiment 9 (comparative example 4)
Raw material：
Carragheen：27 kilograms；
Konjac glucomannan：5 kilograms；
Edible oil and fat：Selected from sunflower oil, consumption is 20 kilograms；
Liquid spawn culture medium：Selected from MRS culture mediums, consumption is 25 kilograms；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from Bifidobacterium, consumption is 2 kilograms；；
Probiotics bacterium powder：Selected from streptococcus thermophilus, consumption is 5 kilograms；
Water：Complement to 1000 kilograms (consumption of water does not comprise the steps the sterilized water of condensation in 5 herein).
Preparation method：
1st, 400 kilograms of water are heated to 85 DEG C, add carragheen and konjac glucomannan mixed in advance, mixed 15 minutes, OK a karaoke club
Glue, konjac glucomannan are completely dissolved, and add remaining water, with scraper-type sterilization machine in sterilization 5 minutes at 120 DEG C after mixing,
Obtain sol solutionses (in preparation process, the temperature of sol solutionses must not be less than 38 DEG C)；
2nd, the liquid spawn culture medium by probiotics bacterium powder with 45 DEG C is mixed is well mixed it in 5 minutes, obtains probiotics base
Material；
3rd, probiotics base-material is mixed with edible oil and fat is well mixed it in 15 minutes, and speed of agitator is 600rpm/min, is obtained
To containing oil-based material；
4th, the temperature of sol solutionses is adjusted to 45 DEG C, then is added to contain oil-based material and stirred at 45 DEG C make within 15 minutes its mixing equal
It is even, obtain probiotics colloidal sol (temperature of probiotics colloidal sol must not be less than 38 DEG C in preparation process)；
5th, in probiotics colloidal sol being instilled into 20 DEG C of sterilized water with dropping liquid pin, condensation cured globulate, wherein droplet size are 4 millis
Rice, dropping liquid syringe needle is 5 centimetres with the distance of liquid level, obtains probiotic gel particle.
In following detection embodiment, inventor carries out probiotics and contains to the gained probiotic gel grain products of embodiment 1~9
Amount analysis and sensory test：
1st, product probiotics content detection
After probiotic gel particle is crushed, according to《GB4789.35》Method detect probiotics content.After testing, it is real
The content for applying active probiotic in the initial probiotic gel particles of a 1-9 is respectively：
Embodiment 1：9×108cu/g；
Embodiment 2：8×108cfu/g；
Embodiment 3：1.5×109cfu/g；
Embodiment 4：6.1×108cfu/g；
Embodiment 5：7.5×108cfu/g；
Embodiment 6：7.9×108cfu/g；
Embodiment 7：8.2×108cfu/g；
Embodiment 8：2.1×108cfu/g；
Embodiment 9：6.5×107cfu/g；
2nd, probiotic gel particle normal temperature in dairy products preserves experiment
First, probiotic gel particle obtained in embodiment 1-9 is added into dairy products (yoghourt with long shelf life, UHT purchased in market
Sterile milk and normal temperature milk beverage, itself is free of profitable probliotics in these dairy products) in, addition is 5%, is preserved at 25 DEG C
After 150 days, according to《GB4789.35》Method detection dairy products in the content of gel particle probiotics (wherein need it
In probiotic gel crush after detected again), as a result as shown in table 1：
The prebiotic bacterial content of gel particle in the dairy products of table 1
The result of table 1 illustrates probiotic gel particle during normal temperature preservation in dairy products, and its viable count meets GB to prebiotic
Requirement in bacterium product, the active probiotic survival rate of the gained probiotic gel particle of embodiment 1~5 is higher, embodiment 6-9
It is comparative example, embodiment 6-7 greases are not carried out by preparation procedure of the invention, carrageenan concentrations are less than 0.5 in embodiment 8-9
Weight % or higher than 2.5 weight %, survival rate is all relatively low.
2nd, probiotic gel particle obtained in embodiment 1-9 is added into dairy products (yoghourt with long shelf life, UHT purchased in market
Sterile milk and normal temperature milk beverage, itself is free of profitable probliotics in these dairy products) in, addition is 5%, is preserved at 25 DEG C
After 150 days, probiotic gel particle filtering therein is removed, according to《GB4789.35》Method detection remainder in
Prebiotic bacterial content, as a result as shown in table 2：
Prebiotic bacterial content in the dairy products of table 2
| Yoghourt with long shelf life | UHT sterile milks | Normal temperature milk beverage | |
| Embodiment 1 | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect |
| Embodiment 2 | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect |
| Embodiment 3 | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect |
| Embodiment 4 | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect |
| Embodiment 5 | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect |
| Embodiment 6 (comparative example 1) | |||
| Embodiment 7 (comparative example 2) | |||
| Embodiment 8 (comparative example 3) | |||
| Embodiment 9 (comparative example 4) | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect |
The explanation of the result of table 2 with the addition of the probiotic gel of embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-4 after 25 DEG C are preserved 150 days
In the dairy products of grain, probiotics, without autolysis, illustrates the probiotics in the present invention without oozing out in embodiment 1-5 gel particles
Gel particle structural integrity, and compactness and stability are all preferable.Comparative example 1-2 is due to being not added with grease or grease order of addition
It is improper, there is the phenomenon of probiotics dissolution；The gel particle of comparative example 3, probiotics dissolution phenomenon is also obvious, and its reason is
Carrageenan concentrations are too low, are such as less than 0.5 weight %, cause probiotics dissolution phenomenon also obvious,.
3rd, the sensory evaluation of probiotic gel particle
One, probiotic gel particle obtained in embodiment 1-5 still can holding structure be fine and close, size and hardness is uniform, elasticity is higher
And bright in color；And the structural integrity after preservation 150 days of probiotic gel particle obtained in comparative example 1, but lax, volume
Diminish, flexibility decrease, color and luster is unglazed；Probiotic gel particle obtained in comparative example 2 after preservation 150 days structural integrity,
It is unglazed that size is basically unchanged but hardness declines, elasticity is reduced, color and luster turns white；Probiotic gel particle exists obtained in comparative example 3
Structure is imperfect, volume diminishes, elasticity is reduced after 150 days for preservation；Probiotic gel particle is in preservation obtained in comparative example 4
Structural integrity but hardness is too high after 150 days.
2nd, probiotic gel particle obtained in embodiment 1-5 is added into dairy products (yoghourt with long shelf life, UHT purchased in market
Sterile milk and normal temperature milk beverage, itself is free of profitable probliotics in these dairy products) in, addition is 5%, is preserved at 25 DEG C
After 150 days, the prebiotic bacterial content in test dairy produce, and to be not added with probiotic gel partic milk prod as control carries out three
Angle testing experiment.Result finds not detecting viable bacteria, triangular test in yoghourt with long shelf life, UHT sterile milks and normal temperature milk beverage
Experiment indifference.Therefore with the addition of the prebiotic of the embodiment of the present invention in yoghourt with long shelf life, UHT sterile milks and normal temperature milk beverage
After bacterium gel particle and normal temperature storage, the shelf-life of normal temperature dairy products is not interfered with.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. mean to combine the specific features of the embodiment or example description, structure, material or
Feature is contained at least one embodiment of the invention or example.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term
Necessarily it is directed to identical embodiment or example.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can be with
Combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or example.Additionally, in the case of not conflicting, ability
The technical staff in domain can enter the feature of the different embodiments or example described in this specification and different embodiments or example
Row is combined and combined.
Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment be it is exemplary,
It is not considered as limiting the invention, one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-described embodiment
It is changed, changes, replacing and modification.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of probiotic gel particle, it is characterised in that raw material includes：
The carragheen of 0.5 weight %~2.5 weight %,
The taro glue that rubs of 0.1 weight %~2 weight %,
The edible oil and fat of 2.1 weight %~7 weight %,
The liquid spawn culture medium of 0.5 weight %~5 weight %,
The probiotics of 0.2 weight %~0.8 weight %；And
The water of surplus.
2. probiotic gel particle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the edible oil and fat are selected from sunflower seeds
Oil, the probiotics is included selected from least one of Bifidobacterium, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus paracasei.
3. probiotic gel particle according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the probiotic gel particle
Obtain as follows：
(1) by water, the carragheen, the konjac glucomannan mixed dissolution and sterilization, sol solutionses are obtained；
(2) probiotics is mixed with the liquid spawn culture medium, obtains probiotics base-material；
(3) step (2) gained probiotics base-material is mixed with the edible oil and fat, is obtained containing oil-based material；
(4) to adding step (3) gained containing oil-based material in step (1) gained sol solutionses and stirring, probiotics is obtained
Colloidal sol；
(5) by step (4) gained probiotics colloidal sol instillation sterilized water, condensation cured globulate obtains described prebiotic
Bacterium gel particle.
4. probiotic gel particle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described molten in step (4)
The temperature of glue is 38~45 degrees Celsius.
5. probiotic gel particle according to claim 4, it is characterised in that based on 1000 grams of the raw material,
The viable bacteria content of the probiotics is 4 × 1011~1.6 × 1012cfu。
6. a kind of method for preparing probiotic gel particle described in any one of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that including：
(1) by water, carragheen, konjac glucomannan mixed dissolution and sterilization, sol solutionses are obtained；
(2) probiotics and liquid spawn culture medium are mixed, obtains probiotics base-material；
(3) step (2) gained probiotics base-material and edible oil and fat are mixed, is obtained containing oil-based material；
(4) to adding step (3) gained containing oil-based material in step (1) gained sol solutionses and stirring, probiotics is obtained
Colloidal sol；And
(5) by step (4) gained probiotics colloidal sol instillation sterilized water, condensation cured globulate obtains described prebiotic
Bacterium gel particle,
Optionally, the consumption of the carragheen is 0.5 weight %~2.5 weight %, and the consumption of the konjac glucomannan is 0.1 weight
Amount %~2 weight %, the consumption of the edible oil and fat is 2.1 weight %~7 weight %, described
The consumption of liquid spawn culture medium is 0.5 weight %~5 weight %, and the consumption of the probiotics is 0.2 weight %~0.8 weight
Amount %；
Optionally, the edible oil and fat are selected from sunflower oil,
The probiotics is included selected from least one of Bifidobacterium, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus paracasei.
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that in step (4), the temperature of the sol solutionses is
38~45 degrees Celsius.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that based on 1000 grams of raw material, the probiotics
Viable bacteria content is 4 × 1011~1.6 × 1012cfu。
9. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
In step (5), the temperature of the sterilized water is 10 to 25 DEG C；
Optionally, step (5) is further included：During by probiotics colloidal sol instillation sterilized water, the size of drop
It it is 3 to 6 millimeters, dropping liquid syringe needle is 4 to 6 centimetres with the distance of liquid level；
Optionally, in step (1), the sterilization is to carry out 1~5 point under conditions of temperature is for 120 to 130 DEG C
Clock.
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