CN106897962B - The disk projection of big view field space earth observation image and joining method - Google Patents
The disk projection of big view field space earth observation image and joining method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005433 ionosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 oxonium ion Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005441 aurora Substances 0.000 description 2
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- G06T3/4038—Scaling the whole image or part thereof for image mosaicing, i.e. plane images composed of plane sub-images
Abstract
The disk projection of big view field space earth observation image and joining method, belong to space remote sensing detection technology field.This method specifically includes that the transition matrix calculated between geocentric coordinate system GEO and projection disk coordinate system OPC；Disk projection grid is established on the reference spherical surface in OPC coordinate system；The longitude and latitude of mesh point, grid element center point is calculated, and is converted simultaneously to GEO coordinate system；Establish two-dimensional array NpStorage lattice point is actually projected number of dots and two-dimensional array RpStore the total intensity value for being actually projected picture point of lattice point；The visual direction amount under each picture point co-ordinates of satellite system is calculated, and is gradually converted into OPC coordinate system, projecting image data matrix, mesh point geographic latitude and longitude data matrix and mesh point center geographic latitude and longitude data matrix are finally obtained.For this method by the observed image projection splicing of time series into the same grid with reference to spherical surface, resulting projected image truely and accurately describes the space distribution situation of observation object.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to space remote sensing detection technology fields, and in particular to a kind of circle of big view field space earth observation image
Disk projection and joining method.
Background technique
Ionosphere refers to the atmosphere of the earth surface above 60km to 1000km, and main component includes electronics, oxonium ion
(accounting for 80% or more), hydrogen ion, helium ion and other micro heavy ions, ion component are mainly penetrated by the ultraviolet and X in the sun
The control of photochemistry caused by beta radiation, is presented electroneutral on the whole.The key property in ionosphere is to across ionosphere
Radio wave generates the effects such as reflection, scattering, absorption and refraction.The variation in ionosphere will affect propagated in ionosphere it is wireless
Electric wave, and then influence ground communication, satellite communication, satellite navigation etc..Oxonium ion meeting under solar radiation effect in ionosphere
The radiation for generating extreme ultraviolet region, by carrying out remotely sensed image, available ionization layer state to the radiation.Aurora mainly by
High energy charged particles in solar wind and earth magnetosphere inject high latitude area along earth magnetic field line, by upper atmosphere molecule or original
The luminescence phenomenon that son ionization excitation generates, aurora result from north and south the two poles of the earth region of the i.e. earth in high magnetic latitude area overhead of the earth,
Typically greater than 60 ° of magnetic latitude of region.The shape of auroral oval and position are for explaining that it is non-that terrestrial space environmental activity state has
Often important meaning.
American-European countries has transmitted a large amount of ionosphere remote sensing satellites, such as the optical spectrum imagers on U.S.'s DMSP satellite
GUVI etc. on SSUSI, TIMED satellite, these instruments all use across the rail scanning mode of small field of view.For research and analysis side
Just, observed image will be projected to the coordinate grid for referring to spherical surface.For the disk of big visual field, different observation mode images
Projection and joining method, there is presently no solutions.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of projection of the disk of big view field space earth observation image and joining method.
The disk projection of big view field space earth observation image and joining method, steps are as follows:
Step 1: the orbit parameter of the observed image of extraction time sequence calculates geocentric coordinate system GEO and projection disk is sat
Transition matrix between mark system OPC；
Step 2: according to projection spherical space resolution ratio, across rail direction field angle F1With along rail direction field angle F2, throwing
Disk projection grid is established on the reference spherical surface of shadow disk coordinate system OPC, obtains the lattice point number N along rail direction, across rail direction
Lattice point number M；
Step 3: calculating the longitude and latitude of the mesh point longitude and latitude matrix and grid element center point under projection disk coordinate system OPC
Matrix, and according to the transition matrix between step 1 obtained geocentric coordinate system GEO and projection disk coordinate system OPC, it will project
The mesh point longitude and latitude matrix and grid element center point longitude and latitude matrix of disk coordinate system OPC are converted into the net of geocentric coordinate system GEO
The longitude and latitude matrix of lattice point longitude and latitude matrix and grid element center point；
Step 4: establishing the two-dimensional array N for being actually projected number of dots of storage lattice pointp, size is [M × N], and is built
The two-dimensional array R of the total intensity value for being actually projected picture point of vertical storage lattice pointp, size is [M × N]；
Step 5: according to observation instrument master away from, pixel dimension and instrument coordinates system to co-ordinates of satellite system transform matrix calculations
Visual direction amount of each picture point of image under co-ordinates of satellite system；
Step 6: calculating the transition matrix of co-ordinates of satellite system to orbital coordinate system according to the attitude of satellite, and each picture point is existed
Visual direction amount under co-ordinates of satellite system converts the visual direction amount to each picture point under orbital coordinate system；
Step 7: calculating the transition matrix of orbital coordinate system to geocentric coordinate system GEO according to orbit parameter, and by each picture point
The visual direction amount to each picture point at geocentric coordinate system GEO is converted in the visual direction amount under orbital coordinate system；
Step 8: according to geocentric coordinate system GEO to the transformed matrix for projecting disk coordinate system OPC, by each picture point in the earth's core
Visual direction amount under coordinate system GEO is converted into visual direction amount of each picture point in projection disk coordinate system OPC；
Step 9: calculating subpoint of visual direction amount of each picture point in projection disk coordinate system OPC on reference spherical surface
Mesh point coordinate i and j, enable Np[i, j]=Np[i, j]+1, Rp[i, j]=Rp[i, j]+I, I are currently to be projected the strong of picture point
Degree；
Step 10: the average strength of all subpoints in each lattice point is calculated after the completion of all picture point projections of image,
Obtain mesh point geographic latitude and longitude data matrix, mesh point center geographic latitude and longitude data matrix and projecting image data matrix.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The disk of big view field space earth observation image of the invention projects and joining method, by the observation chart of time series
In the same grid for extremely referring to spherical surface as projection splicing, resulting projected image truely and accurately describes the space point of observation object
Cloth situation provides a solution for Chinese Space environment detection data processing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the disk projection of big view field space earth observation image of the invention and the coordinate system setting of joining method are shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is across rail the earth's core subtended angle of the disk projection and joining method of big view field space earth observation image of the invention
Calculate schematic diagram, wherein (a) is field range without departing from side is faced, and (b) exceeds for field range and faces side；
Fig. 3 is that the disk of big view field space earth observation image of the invention is projected with joining method along rail the earth's core subtended angle
Calculate schematic diagram, wherein (a) is staring imaging mode, is (b) positive scanning imagery mode, mould (c) is imaged for reverse scan
Formula；
Fig. 4 is that the disk projection of big view field space earth observation image of the invention and the mesh coordinate of joining method are illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the disk projection and joining method of big view field space earth observation image of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described further with reference to the accompanying drawing, but protection of the invention should not be limited with this
Range.
By taking the big visual field far ultraviolet imager on SSO (Sun Synchronous Orbit) sun-synchronous orbit as an example: sun-synchronous orbit height H=
830km, reference projection spherical radius Rr=6485.0km, earth mean radius RE=6375.0km projects spherical space resolution ratio
Δ=10km, across the rail field angle F of instrument1=130 °, instrument is along rail field angle F2=10 °, main away from f=18.18mm, detector is empty
Quasi- pixel dimension Δd=0.035mm.Instrument operating mode includes: the staring imaging mode between magnetic latitude ± 60 °, instrument light
Axis is directed toward the earth's core；North and south the two poles of the earth magnetic latitude is greater than 60 ° or the region less than -60 ° be imaged along track scanning, optical axis scanning model
It encloses for ω1=60 °, ω2=60 °.
As shown in figure 5, the reality of the disk projection and joining method of a kind of big view field space earth observation image of the invention
Apply that steps are as follows:
Step 1: as shown in Figure 1, the orbit parameter starting point of time series isTerminating point isIt is respectively positioned on geocentric coordinate system GEO, is calculated by the orbit parameter of the observed image of extraction time sequence
Transition matrix between geocentric coordinate system GEO and projection disk coordinate system OPC, wherein the track vector of time series starting point is to throw
The X-axis of shadow disk coordinate system OPC projects unit vector of the X-axis of disk coordinate system OPC in geocentric coordinate system GEO and is expressed asThe normal for the big disc that the track vector of the beginning and end of time series determines
For the Z axis for projecting disk coordinate system OPC, unit vector table of the Z axis of disk coordinate system OPC in geocentric coordinate system GEO is projected
It is shown asThe Y-axis for projecting disk coordinate system OPC is determined according to the right-hand rule, is thrown
Unit vector of the Y-axis of shadow disk coordinate system OPC in geocentric coordinate system GEO is expressed asIt obtains:
The transition matrix of geocentric coordinate system GEO to projection disk coordinate system OPC are as follows:
Project the transition matrix of disk coordinate system OPC to geocentric coordinate system GEO are as follows:
Angle change is longitude in X/Y plane in present invention definition projection disk coordinate system OPC, and+X-axis represents 0 °, relative to
The angle change in the face XY is latitude, and the face XY represents 0 °, is positive latitude to+Z-direction.
Step 2: as shown in Fig. 2, according to projection spherical space resolution ax (unit: km), across rail field angle F1With along rail
Direction field angle F2, disk projection grid is established on the reference spherical surface in projection disk coordinate system OPC, is obtained along Y-direction (edge
Rail direction) lattice point number N, along the lattice point number M of Z-direction (across rail direction)；
Lattice point number across rail direction isLattice point number along rail direction is N=N1+
N2+ 1,
In formula, [] represents round；
Projecting spherical space resolution ax to correspond to reference to the earth's core subtended angle on spherical surface is δ=Δ/Rr；
On reference spherical surface, when field range is without departing from facing side (Fig. 2 (a)), the earth's core subtended angle of across rail field range covering
Half beWhen field range is more than to face side (Fig. 2 (b)), across rail field range is covered
The half of the earth's core subtended angle beIn view of orbital plane is not generally strictly in one big disc, it is
Guarantee that the image of different orbital positions in time series can be projected to grid, should suitably increase Φcr, incrementss ΔΦcr
Depending on apparent orbit drift condition, for SSO (Sun Synchronous Orbit) sun-synchronous orbit, ΔΦcrGenerally take Φcr10%；
As shown in figure 3, the earth's core subtended angle of the image coverage area of all time serieses is by two parts group along rail direction
At:
For staring imaging mode (Fig. 3 (a)):
For forward scan mode (scanning direction is consistent with satellite direction of advance, such as Fig. 3 (b)):
For reverse scan mode (scanning direction and satellite direction of advance are on the contrary, such as Fig. 3 (c)):
Step 3: calculating in the mesh point longitude matrix, mesh point latitude matrix, grid projected in disk coordinate system OPC
The longitude matrix of heart point and the latitude matrix of grid element center point, and according to the projection disk coordinate system OPC of step 1 foundation to ground
The transition matrix of heart coordinate system GEO is converted, and the mesh point longitude matrix in disk coordinate system OPC, mesh point latitude square will be projected
The latitude matrix of battle array, the longitude matrix of grid element center point and grid element center point is respectively converted into the grid in geocentric coordinate system GEO
Put the latitude matrix of longitude matrix, mesh point latitude matrix, the longitude matrix of grid element center point and grid element center point；
Wherein, projection disk coordinate system OPC internal net point latitude matrix is Λ, and size is [(M+1) × (N+1)], grid
Point longitude matrix is Σ, and size is [(M+1) × (N+1)], and is had I=0,1 ..., M, j=0,1 ..., N.Grid element center latitude matrix is ΛC, size be [M ×
N], grid element center longitude matrix is ΣC, size is [M × N], and is hadΣ [i, j]=- N2δ+j
δ, i=0,1 ..., M-1, j=0,1 ..., N-1.
Step 4: establishing the two-dimensional array N that size is [M × N]pFor store lattice point be actually projected number of dots and
Size is the two-dimensional array R of [M × N]pFor storing the total intensity value for being actually projected picture point of lattice point；
Step 5: the coordinate of a certain picture point P is [p in imagex, py], visual direction amount of the picture point P in instrument coordinates system is
Wherein,xc、ycRespectively image X-direction and
The centre coordinate of Y-direction；
According to the transition matrix T of instrument coordinates system and co-ordinates of satellite system1Calculate visual direction amount of the picture point under co-ordinates of satellite system
T1The angle calcu-lation between the benchmark prism square on satellite benchmark prism square and instrument is demarcated according to ground, is calculated
Journey is the prior art.
Step 6: calculating visual direction amount of the picture point under orbital coordinate system
Co-ordinates of satellite system to orbital coordinate system transition matrix T2For the transition matrix of co-ordinates of satellite system to orbital coordinate system,
It is calculated according to the attitude of satellite, T2It indicates are as follows:
cy=cos θy,sy=sin θy,
cr=cos θr,sr=sin θr,
cp=cos θp,sp=sin θp
In formula, θpFor satellite pitch angle, θrFor satellite roll angle and θyFor satellite yaw angle.
Step 7: the X-axis of orbital coordinate system ORB is satellite flight directional velocity, the Z axis of orbital coordinate system ORB is from satellite
It is directed toward the earth's core, the Y-axis of orbital coordinate system ORB is determined according to the right-hand rule；
The corresponding orbit parameter of present image is extracted, enables the geocentric coordinate system GEO Satellite orbital position beSatellite velocity vector isThen the Z axis of orbital coordinate system ORB is in geocentric coordinates
It is that unit vector in GEO isThe X-axis of orbital coordinate system ORB is in geocentric coordinates
It is that unit vector in GEO isThe Y-axis of orbital coordinate system ORB is sat in the earth's core
Unit vector in mark system GEO isOrbital coordinate system ORB is obtained to ground
The transition matrix T of heart coordinate system GEO3, T3It indicates are as follows:
Then visual direction amount of the picture point at geocentric coordinate system GEO is calculated
Step 8: calculating visual direction amount of the picture point in the case where projecting disk coordinate system OPC
Step 9: as shown in figure 4, calculating visual direction amount of the picture point in the case where projecting disk coordinate system OPCIt is sat in projection disk
Mark system OPC enables N with reference to mesh point the coordinate i and j of the subpoint on spherical surfacep[i, j]=Np[i, j]+1, Rp[i, j]=Rp[i,
J]+I, I is the intensity for being currently projected picture point；
Step 10: after the completion of all picture point projections of image, it is each to being obtained in each lattice point using the method averaged
Intensity in lattice point finally obtains projecting image data matrix, mesh point geographic latitude and longitude data matrix, mesh point center geography
Longitude and latitude data matrix.
Claims (9)
1. the disk of big view field space earth observation image projects and joining method, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
Step 1: the orbit parameter of the observed image of extraction time sequence calculates geocentric coordinate system GEO and projection disk coordinate system
Transition matrix between OPC；
Step 2: according to projection spherical space resolution ratio, across rail direction field angle F1With along rail direction field angle F2, justify in projection
Disk projection grid is established on the reference spherical surface of disk coordinate system OPC, obtains the lattice point number N along rail direction, the lattice across rail direction
Point number M；
Step 3: the longitude and latitude matrix of the mesh point longitude and latitude matrix and grid element center point under projection disk coordinate system OPC is calculated,
And according to the transition matrix between step 1 obtained geocentric coordinate system GEO and projection disk coordinate system OPC, projection disk is sat
The mesh point longitude and latitude matrix and grid element center point longitude and latitude matrix of mark system OPC is converted into the mesh point warp of geocentric coordinate system GEO
The longitude and latitude matrix of latitude matrix and grid element center point；
Step 4: establishing the two-dimensional array N for being actually projected number of dots of storage lattice pointp, size is [M × N], and establishes and deposit
Store up the two-dimensional array R of the total intensity value for being actually projected picture point of lattice pointp, size is [M × N]；
Step 5: according to observation instrument master away from, pixel dimension and instrument coordinates system to co-ordinates of satellite system transform matrix calculations image
Visual direction amount of each picture point under co-ordinates of satellite system；
Step 6: calculating the transition matrix of co-ordinates of satellite system to orbital coordinate system according to the attitude of satellite, and by each picture point in satellite
Visual direction amount under coordinate system converts the visual direction amount to each picture point under orbital coordinate system；
Step 7: calculating the transition matrix of orbital coordinate system to geocentric coordinate system GEO according to orbit parameter, and each picture point is in-orbit
Visual direction amount under road coordinate system converts the visual direction amount to each picture point at geocentric coordinate system GEO；
Step 8: according to geocentric coordinate system GEO to the transformed matrix for projecting disk coordinate system OPC, by each picture point in geocentric coordinates
It is that visual direction amount under GEO is converted into visual direction amount of each picture point in projection disk coordinate system OPC；
Step 9: calculating the grid of subpoint of visual direction amount of each picture point in projection disk coordinate system OPC on reference spherical surface
Point coordinate i and j, enable Np[i, j]=Np[i, j]+1, Rp[i, j]=Rp[i, j]+I, I are the intensity for being currently projected picture point；
Step 10: calculating the average strength of all subpoints in each lattice point after the completion of all picture point projections of image, obtaining
Mesh point geographic latitude and longitude data matrix, mesh point center geographic latitude and longitude data matrix and projecting image data matrix.
2. the disk of big view field space earth observation image according to claim 1 projects and joining method, feature exist
In in the step 1, the track vector of time series starting point is the X-axis for projecting disk coordinate system OPC, the starting point of time series
The normal of the big disc determined with the track vector of terminal is the Z axis for projecting disk coordinate system OPC, projects disk coordinate system OPC
Y-axis according to the right-hand rule determine.
3. the disk of big view field space earth observation image according to claim 2 projects and joining method, feature exist
In the orbit parameter starting point of time series isTerminating point isProjection circle
Unit vector of the X-axis of disk coordinate system OPC in geocentric coordinate system GEO is expressed as
Unit vector of the Z axis of disk coordinate system OPC in geocentric coordinate system GEO is projected to be expressed asProject unit of the Y-axis of disk coordinate system OPC in geocentric coordinate system GEO
Vector is expressed asIt obtains:
The transition matrix of geocentric coordinate system GEO to projection disk coordinate system OPC are as follows:
Project the transition matrix of disk coordinate system OPC to geocentric coordinate system GEO are as follows:
4. the disk of big view field space earth observation image according to claim 1 projects and joining method, feature exist
In, in the step 2, the lattice point number across rail directionLattice point number along rail direction is N
=N1+N2+ 1,
In formula, [] represents round；
With reference to the earth's core subtended angle δ=Δ/R on spherical surfacer；
When field range is without departing from facing side,
When field range be more than face side,
For staring imaging mode:
For forward scan mode:
For reverse scan mode:
In formula, Δ is projection spherical space resolution ratio, RrFor with reference to spherical radius, H is orbit altitude, REFor earth mean radius,
F1For across rail field angle, F2For along rail direction field angle, ω1For initial sweep angle, ω2To terminate scan angle,For the orbit parameter starting point of time series,For the orbit parameter of time series
Terminating point.
5. the disk of big view field space earth observation image according to claim 4 projects and joining method, feature exist
In ΦcrTake the 110% of practical calculated value.
6. the disk of big view field space earth observation image according to claim 1 projects and joining method, feature exist
In, in the step 3,
Projection disk coordinate system OPC internal net point latitude matrix is Λ, and size is [(M+1) × (N+1)], mesh point longitude matrix
For Σ, size is [(M+1) × (N+1)], and is had I=
0,1 ..., M, j=0,1 ..., N；
Projecting grid central point latitude matrix in disk coordinate system OPC is ΛC, size is [M × N], grid element center point longitude matrix
For ΣC, size is [M × N], and is hadΣ [i, j]=- N2δ+j δ, i=0,1 ..., M-1, j=
0,1,…,N-1；
It is δ=Δ/R with reference to the earth's core subtended angle on spherical surface in formular, RrFor with reference to spherical radius, Δ is that projection spherical space is differentiated
Rate.
7. the disk of big view field space earth observation image according to claim 1 projects and joining method, feature exist
In visual direction amount in the step 5, under each picture point co-ordinates of satellite systemT1For instrument coordinates system and co-ordinates of satellite
The transition matrix of system,For view of the picture point P a certain in image in instrument coordinates system
Vector, the coordinate [p of Px, py], Wherein xc、ycRespectively
The centre coordinate of image X-direction and Y-direction, f are observation instrument master away from ΔdFor pixel dimension.
8. the disk of big view field space earth observation image according to claim 1 projects and joining method, feature exist
In visual direction amount in the step 6, under each picture point orbital coordinate system For under each picture point co-ordinates of satellite system
Visual direction amount, T2For the transition matrix of co-ordinates of satellite system to orbital coordinate system, T2It indicates are as follows:
cy=cos θy,sy=sin θy,
cr=cos θr,sr=sin θr,
cp=cos θp,sp=sin θp
In formula, θpFor satellite pitch angle, θrFor satellite roll angle and θyFor satellite yaw angle.
9. the disk of big view field space earth observation image according to claim 1 projects and joining method, feature exist
In, in the step 7, visual direction amount of each picture point at geocentric coordinate system GEO It is sat for each picture point in track
Mark the visual direction amount of system, T3For orbital coordinate system ORB to the transition matrix of geocentric coordinate system GEO, T3It indicates are as follows:
Unit vector of the X-axis of orbital coordinate system ORB in geocentric coordinate system GEO be
Unit vector of the Y-axis of orbital coordinate system ORB in geocentric coordinate system GEO be
Unit vector of the Z axis of orbital coordinate system ORB in geocentric coordinate system GEO be
The position of geocentric coordinate system GEO Satellite trackSatellite velocity vector
All determined by orbit parameter.
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| CN105550995A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-05-04 | 武汉武大卓越科技有限责任公司 | Tunnel image splicing method and system |
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