CN106895991B - Ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling - Google Patents
Ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling, which comprises a test bed base, wherein a screw rod nut seat, a left screw rod support, a right screw rod support and a rock sample clamp are arranged on the test bed base; the screw-nut seat is in sliding connection with the test bed base through a dovetail guide rail, an adjustable clamping frame is fixedly connected to the screw-nut seat, and an ultrasonic drilling machine which is horizontally arranged is clamped in the adjustable clamping frame; an ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber is fixed on the rock sample clamp. The invention returns the pressure value of the computer through the pressure sensor, controls the moving speed of the driving system and reaches the constant bit pressure feeding; and through drilling test under vacuum environment, the outer space drill core (sampling) process of the ultrasonic drilling machine is simulated, and then the same lunar soil condition is researched, and the influence of different surface resistance-reducing and abrasion-preventing treatment methods on the drilling tool footage speed is given when the drilling pressure and the drilling time are set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of outer space drilling, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling.
Background
The detection of the contemporary solar system takes the moon and Mars as main lines, and the moon is the first target of human space detection since ancient times as a celestial body closest to the earth. Moon is rich in mineral deposits which are urgently needed by human beings, and especially rich helium-3 is stored in lunar soil, so that the lunar soil is important to the earth with shortage of future resources as clean energy; and through the research on lunar environment, lunar surface minerals, geological structures and other aspects, clues of the earth, the moon and even the whole universe origin can be provided, which has important strategic significance for human exploration of universe; meanwhile, the moon can be used as a relay station for exploring deep space by human beings, and the relay station is a space target which can be detected recently by Chinese; in addition, the implementation of the lunar exploration plan can bring a series of inventions and innovations of new technologies, and promote the social progress.
Currently, lunar exploration projects are listed in national schema of development of science and technology for middle and long term (2006-2020), and lunar exploration projects in China are divided into three steps of winding, falling and returning. The satellite "Chang E one" transmitted in 2007 and the "Chang E two" transmitted in 2010 and the "Chang E three" transmitted in 2013 have completed the two parts of the lunar exploration plan, namely "winding" and "falling" satisfactorily. At present, the three-stage of lunar exploration engineering is entered. The main tasks of the third period of lunar exploration project are patrol investigation and sampling return of the lunar surface. Due to the complex lunar terrain environment and a series of characteristics of microgravity, high vacuum, high temperature, high cold, high radiation and the like, the sampling process, the drilling machine and the drilling tool of the lunar terrain environment are necessarily different from those used in the earth environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study a set of drilling processes suitable for the lunar environment.
The quality and power constraint is the core of lunar soil drilling coring (sampling) tool design, and the ultrasonic drilling machine has the advantages of compact structure, low power consumption, wide application temperature range, no lubrication and sealing and the like, and has unique performance and potential when being used as a novel drilling machine for lunar exploration and development. By designing an ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed, a typical part and a typical working condition are selected for laboratory simulation evaluation, and the ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed is a basic scientific problem of a lunar soil drilling coring (sampling) machine tool in the three-stage lunar soil exploration engineering. Under the vacuum environment, as the interface between the drilling tool and the lunar soil contact surface has no isolation effect of chemical or physical dangling bonds such as gas, water molecules, surface adsorption and the like, strong adhesion effect can be generated between the interfaces, so that high friction resistance and serious abrasion are caused; meanwhile, the ultrasonic micro drilling machine applied to moon drilling has complex parameter model, the influences of parameters such as drill bit pressure, vibration frequency and the like on drilling efficiency and coring (sample) performance are still in a starting stage, and related people at home and abroad are also in fumbling research on the ultrasonic micro drilling machine. Therefore, the mechanism performance and drilling parameters of the ultrasonic drilling machine are researched and optimized under the simulated lunar vacuum environment by taking lunar drilling sampling technology as the background, so that the drilling efficiency is maximized, and the method has profound significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect of researching physical test conditions of a moon drilling coring (sampling) instrument, the invention provides an ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling, and the ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed returns a pressure value of a computer through a pressure sensor, controls the moving speed of a driving system, achieves constant bit pressure feeding, and further researches the influence of different surface treatment drilling tools on the footage speed under given bit pressure and drilling; the voltage waveform can be acquired through the current/voltage sensor, and the relation between the power and the free mass unit on the premise of maximizing the drilling efficiency is researched; through drilling test under vacuum environment, the outer space drilling process of the ultrasonic drilling machine is simulated, and technical support is provided for optimizing and designing equipment which is more suitable for outer space drilling coring (sampling).
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling comprises a test bed base, wherein a screw rod footage mechanism is arranged at the left part of the test bed base, and a right screw rod support and a rock sample clamp which are vertically and fixedly connected with the test bed base are arranged at the right part of the test bed base; the screw rod feeding mechanism comprises a screw rod nut seat and a left screw rod support, wherein the screw rod nut seat and the left screw rod support are arranged at the left part of the test bed base, the screw rod nut seat is in sliding connection with the test bed base, an adjustable clamping frame is fixedly connected to the screw rod nut seat, an ultrasonic drilling machine which is horizontally arranged is clamped in the adjustable clamping frame, and as experimental research is carried out in a laboratory environment, the drilling performance of the ultrasonic drilling machine is sensitive to drilling pressure parameters, the ultrasonic drilling machine is horizontally arranged, and the influence of ground surface gravity on the drilling pressure is avoided; the ultrasonic drilling machine is clamped by the adjustable clamping frame, so that the ultrasonic drilling machine is conveniently adjusted, detached and installed according to actual conditions in a specific experimental process, and the experimental requirements are met; the left screw rod support is supported with a screw rod, the left end of the screw rod is connected with a speed reducer, an input shaft of the speed reducer is connected with a motor, and a motor encoder is arranged on the motor; the screw thread part of the screw rod is matched and connected with the screw rod nut seat, the right end of the screw rod is connected with a gear shaft, and the right end of the gear shaft is connected with a right screw rod support; fixing the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber through a rock sample clamp; the right end of the ultrasonic drilling machine is inserted into the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber to carry out micro drilling on the rock sample, and the design of the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber can be used for researching the drilling process of the ultrasonic drilling machine on the rock sample in a simulated moon vacuum environment, so that the ultrasonic drilling machine is more suitable for outer space drilling coring equipment.
Preferably, the bottom end of the screw nut seat is connected with the test bed base through a dovetail guide rail, the dovetail guide rail is parallel to the screw rod, and the dovetail groove is a hard rail and can bear large overhang and heavy cutting, so that the long-term use precision is stable. The rope-driven type footage unit is obviously affected by vibration impact, the constant drilling pressure is difficult to control, the gravity-driven drilling footage is greatly different from the actual working condition, and engineering transplanting is inconvenient, so that the design scheme of the screw rod footage mechanism is provided. The screw rod is driven by the motor to drive the screw rod nut seat and the structure fixed by the screw rod nut seat to move back and forth, wherein the power component (such as the motor, the gear motor and the like) has accurate control on the drilling pressure, compact structure and less influence on vibration impact, and the power component control scheme (such as constant force footage and constant speed footage) has guiding significance on the drilling of the real environment. The feeding mechanism is driven relative to the gear rack, and drives the drilling machine to do linear motion along the drilling direction after secondary speed reduction through the speed reducer and the screw rod mechanism, so that the feeding precision is higher. The screw rod mechanism realizes rolling friction between the screw rod nut seat and the screw rod in a ball rolling mode, so that the transmission efficiency is high, the driving torque is reduced, and the load requirement on the motor is reduced. In the gear-rack transmission, due to the existence of a gear side gap in a gear meshing kinematic pair, interdental impact can be generated, and the stability and the transmission precision of the gear transmission are affected; in comparison, the screw mechanism does not have the problem, and can realize accurate and stable micro-feeding, so that more accurate test data can be obtained through the test. In the constant pressure drilling process, the speed fluctuation of the gear rack mechanism is easy to generate impact, and the service life of the gear transmission is influenced; for the screw rod mechanism, rolling friction is arranged between the screw rod nut seat and the screw rod, so that higher fatigue life and precision life can be realized.
Preferably, the adjustable clamping frame is a cuboid frame structure consisting of an L-shaped supporting frame, a lower adjusting screw, an upper adjusting screw and an adjusting supporting plate; the support frame is fixedly connected to the screw rod nut seat, the right end of the support frame is connected with a horizontal lower adjusting screw rod through a nut assembly, and the top of the left end of the support frame is connected with a horizontal upper adjusting screw rod through a nut assembly; the right ends of the lower adjusting screw and the upper adjusting screw are connected through an adjusting supporting plate. Through adjusting two nut assemblies, realize adjusting screw and lower adjusting screw drive the regulation backup pad and control the removal to the realization experimenter adjusts the elasticity of adjustable holder according to experimental setting condition, reaches predetermined experimental target.
Preferably, the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber comprises a shell, a vacuum chamber is arranged in the shell, an upper gland is arranged on the upper surface of the shell, and a sealing gland is fixed at the left end of the shell; the vacuum chamber is connected with the vacuum pump and the vacuum gauge through the one-way valve pipeline, the vacuum chamber is pumped by the vacuum pump to reach a vacuum state, the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is measured by the vacuum gauge, the plastic sleeve, the rock sample, the sealing piston and the pressure sensor are sequentially arranged in the vacuum chamber from left to right, the position of the rock sample is further limited by the plastic sleeve, and the sealing degree of the vacuum chamber can be further improved by the sealing piston; the top end of the clamp support is in threaded connection with a clamp screw, and the bottom end of the clamp screw is hinged with an upper gland through a hinge sleeve. Because the clamp screw rod and the clamp support are mutually matched through threads, the clamp screw rod is rotated to realize the up-and-down movement of the clamp screw rod on the clamp support, so that the pressurization of the vacuum rock sample clamping chamber is realized through the upper gland, and the situation that the vacuum rock sample clamping chamber moves in the drilling process of the ultrasonic drilling machine is avoided; because the clamp screw rod is hinged with the upper gland through the hinge sleeve, the clamp screw rod can realize the pressurizing effect without keeping a vertical relation with the upper gland.
Preferably, the ultrasonic drilling machine is sequentially provided with a bolt, an upper electrode, piezoelectric ceramics, a lower electrode, a luffing rod, a drilling tool joint, a pre-tightening positioning mechanism and a drilling tool from left to right, wherein the horizontal central axis of the bolt is on the same straight line, the right end of the luffing rod is sleeved in the drilling tool joint, a free mass unit is arranged between the luffing rod and the drilling tool joint, and the drilling tool passes through a sealing gland to reach the inside of the vacuum chamber; the bolt sequentially passes through the upper electrode, the piezoelectric ceramic and the lower electrode and then is connected to the left end of the amplitude transformer; the pre-tightening positioning mechanism comprises a connecting screw, the left end of the connecting screw is connected with a drilling tool joint, the right part of the connecting screw is sleeved on the adjusting support plate through a guide flange, and the right end of the connecting screw is connected with a drilling tool; the connecting screw rod between the drilling tool joint and the adjusting support plate is sleeved with a compressed spring. The high-frequency voltage generated by the frequency modulation power supply acts on the upper electrode and the lower electrode, so that the piezoelectric ceramic generates vibration along the thickness direction, the vibration amplitude is amplified through the free mass unit and the amplitude transformer, the high-frequency vibration of the drilling tool acts on the rock sample, the drilling tool and the rock sample generate relative sliding, and drilling is started. Through adjusting the backup pad, go up adjusting screw, lower adjusting screw and direction flange and lead the direction of positive drilling tool, make ultrasonic drilling machine and the direction of footage parallel, and drilling tool and rock specimen action face are perpendicular. Before starting the vibration, the spring of the pre-tightening positioning mechanism is in a compressed state, so that the free mass unit is ensured to be in contact with the end surface of the amplitude transformer, and the design can ensure that the free mass unit obtains the initial speed of the end surface of the amplitude transformer after starting the vibration; the free mass unit with the initial speed is separated from the end surface of the amplitude transformer to impact the drilling tool, and returns to the end surface of the amplitude transformer after releasing kinetic energy, so that the drilling of rock samples is realized.
The applicant designs an ultrasonic drilling machine without a free mass unit in the test process, which has the advantages of simple structure, low power consumption and stable performance, but small power output end face amplitude and low rock drilling efficiency. Therefore, a free mass unit is introduced between the power output end face of the amplitude transformer and the drill tool joint to secondarily amplify the amplitude of the drill tool. The vibration output by the horn of the ultrasonic transducer is ultrasonic frequency, small amplitude vibration, and the amplitude is generally in the order of micrometers (several micrometers to several tens of micrometers). Under horn excitation, the free mass element vibrates at large amplitudes (typically at frequencies of hundreds of hertz to kilohertz and amplitudes typically in millimeters) over the acoustic frequency range between the horn bottom and the tool joint. Thereby realizing the conversion from the micron-level amplitude of the amplitude transformer to the millimeter-level amplitude of the drilling tool. And the spherical free mass unit limits the movement space of the spherical free mass unit through the inner wall of the drill joint. The free mass unit and the inner wall of the drilling tool joint are in sliding friction, and the friction force is small. The impact surface is in approximate point contact, and impulse transmission is stable. The friction loss between the inner wall of the drilling tool joint and the surface of the spherical free mass unit is low, the deformation after high-frequency impact is small, and the impact of vibration impact is small. Due to the closed guide design, the vibration of the free mass unit is not easy to be influenced by the outside, the power transmission is stable, and the momentum transmission efficiency is high.
Preferably, a piston radial sealing ring is arranged between the sealing piston and the shell; a drilling tool radial sealing ring is arranged between the drilling tool and the sealing gland; the gland axial sealing ring is arranged between the sealing gland and the shell, and the good sealing of the vacuum chamber is realized through the piston radial sealing ring, the drilling tool radial sealing ring and the gland axial sealing ring, so that the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is ensured.
Preferably, the ultrasonic micro-drilling test stand further comprises a slewing mechanism, wherein the slewing mechanism comprises a rolling bearing, an inner ring of the rolling bearing is fixedly sleeved on a lower adjusting screw rod through a nut component, an outer ring of the rolling bearing is sleeved in a transmission gear, a screw and a limiting gland are arranged on the transmission gear, the screw is used for fixing the limiting gland on the side wall of the transmission gear, and the left end face of the limiting gland is fixedly positioned on the outer ring of the rolling bearing; the top end of the transmission gear is meshed with the drilling tool joint, and the bottom end of the transmission gear is meshed with the gear shaft. The gear shaft rotates under the drive of the screw rod, so that the gear shaft and the transmission gear are meshed for transmission, and the transmission gear drives the drilling tool joint to adjust the direction, so that the drilling angle is controlled. By arranging the rotary mechanism, high-frequency vibration rotary drilling is realized, the footage speed and the service life of the drilling tool can be effectively improved, the occurrence of core blocking and sticking accidents is overcome, and the drilling efficiency is improved; the drilling device can drill harder rock samples, and improves the drillable stratum range; by changing the drilling tool joint to a drilling tool joint with no gear on the outer surface, the test bed can realize single high-frequency vibration drilling, so that acquisition and test comparison of drilling parameters in two drilling modes of high-frequency vibration rotary drilling and Shan Gaopin vibration can be conveniently carried out; in a word, through setting up rotation mechanism, increased the function and the research scope of test bench to provide technical support for the moon core (appearance) rig that research design efficiency is higher, stability is better, life-span is longer.
Preferably, the ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed also comprises a data acquisition/control system, wherein the data acquisition/control system comprises an I/U sensor, a pressure sensor, a motor encoder, a data acquisition card, a PC, a motor driver and a frequency modulation power supply; the data acquisition card respectively monitors and acquires current and voltage data transmitted to the I/U sensor by the ultrasonic drilling machine, rotational speed data of the motor encoder and drilling pressure data received by the rock sample detected by the pressure sensor; the data acquisition card transmits the monitored and acquired real-time data to the PC, comprehensive analysis and integration are carried out through the PC, the PC respectively controls the frequency modulation power supply and the motor driver through control signals, the frequency modulation power supply provides high-frequency current for the ultrasonic drilling machine, and the ultrasonic drilling machine vibrates at high frequency to realize drilling of the rock sample. Acquiring motor drilling speed data through a motor encoder; controlling the excitation frequency, the excitation waveform and the excitation voltage between two electrodes of the ultrasonic drilling machine through a frequency modulation power supply; the drilling pressure value is acquired through a pressure sensor; the current and voltage data acquisition of the ultrasonic drilling machine is realized through an I/U sensor; calculating the size of the drilling machine (namely the drilling speed value) according to the angle rotated by the motor; the drilling pressure is regulated by controlling the rotating speed of the motor, so that the real-time monitoring and control of the drilling pressure, the drilling speed, the drilling depth, the input voltage, the input current and the like are realized.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, the ultrasonic drilling machine is horizontally placed, so that the influence of ground gravity on the pressure of the drill bit can be avoided, the interference of the self weight of the drilling tool on the parameters of the high-frequency vibration drilling test in the simulated lunar environment is effectively prevented, and the influence of the 'microgravity' of the lunar on the simulation experiment is solved;
(2) According to the invention, by arranging the rotary mechanism, high-frequency vibration rotary drilling is realized, the drilling efficiency and the service life of a drilling tool can be effectively improved, the occurrence of core blocking and sticking accidents is overcome, and the safety in an outer space drilling hole is ensured; the harder rock stratum can be drilled, and the drillable stratum range is improved; by replacing the drilling tool joint and replacing the drilling tool joint with the outer surface without a gear, the test bed can realize single high-frequency vibration drilling, so that acquisition and test comparison of drilling parameters in two drilling modes of high-frequency vibration rotary drilling and Shan Gaopin vibration can be conveniently carried out, the functions and the researcheable range of the test bed are increased, and technical support is provided for a moon core (sample) drilling machine with higher research design efficiency, better stability and longer service life;
(3) The adjustable clamping frame can realize that an experimenter can adjust the tightness of the adjustable clamping frame according to experimental setting conditions so as to reach a preset experimental target;
(4) The vacuum rock sample clamping chamber is arranged in the invention, so that the outer space drilling process of the ultrasonic drilling machine in the moon vacuum environment can be simulated, and technical support is provided for optimizing and designing equipment which is more suitable for outer space drilling coring (sampling);
(5) The ultrasonic drilling machine is adopted for drilling operation, so that the ultrasonic drilling machine has the advantages of compact structure, low power consumption, wide adaptive temperature range, no lubrication and sealing and the like, and has unique performance and market potential; the free mass unit is arranged in the ultrasonic drilling machine, so that the conversion from the micron-level amplitude of the amplitude transformer to the millimeter-level amplitude of the drilling tool is realized, the vibration of the free mass unit is not easily influenced by the outside, the power transmission is stable, and the momentum transmission efficiency is high;
(6) The invention adopts the screw rod feeding mechanism, drives the drilling machine to do linear motion along the drilling direction after two-stage deceleration by the speed reducer and the screw rod mechanism, has higher feeding precision, accurately controls the length of the core (sample) to be taken, and effectively judges the stratum change; the screw rod mechanism realizes rolling friction between a screw rod nut seat and a screw rod in a ball rolling mode, so that the transmission efficiency is high, the driving torque is reduced, the load requirement on a motor is reduced, and lower power consumption, higher fatigue life and higher precision life can be realized;
(7) The invention is controlled by a data acquisition/control system, returns the pressure value of a computer by a pressure sensor, controls the moving speed of a driving system, achieves constant bit pressure feeding, and further researches the same lunar soil conditions, and influences of different surface treatment methods on the drilling tool footage speed when the bit pressure and the drilling are given; the voltage waveform can be acquired through the current/voltage sensor, and the relation between the power and the free mass unit on the premise of maximizing the drilling efficiency is researched; simulating the outer space drilling process of the ultrasonic drilling machine through a drilling test in a vacuum environment; the variable-amplitude rods and the free mass units with different specifications are replaced in the test process, so that the influence of the variable-amplitude rods and the free mass units on the drilling efficiency can be researched, and technical support is provided for optimizing and designing equipment which is more suitable for outer space drilling coring (sampling).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of section I of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an acquisition/control system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling comprises a test bed base 10, wherein a screw rod footage mechanism is arranged at the left part of the test bed base 10, and a right screw rod support 13 and a rock sample clamp 28 which are vertically and fixedly connected with the test bed base 10 are arranged at the right part of the test bed base 10; the screw rod feeding mechanism comprises a screw rod nut seat 11 and a left screw rod support 12 which are arranged at the left part of the test bed base 10, the screw rod nut seat 11 is in sliding connection with the test bed base 10 through a dovetail guide rail 19, an adjustable clamping frame is fixedly connected to the screw rod nut seat 11, an ultrasonic drilling machine which is horizontally arranged is clamped in the adjustable clamping frame, and as experimental research is carried out in a laboratory environment, the drilling performance of the ultrasonic drilling machine is sensitive to drilling pressure parameters, the ultrasonic drilling machine is horizontally arranged, and the influence of the gravity of the ground surface on the drilling pressure is avoided; the ultrasonic drilling machine is clamped by the adjustable clamping frame, so that the ultrasonic drilling machine is conveniently adjusted, detached and installed according to actual conditions in a specific experimental process, and the experimental requirements are met; the left screw rod support 12 is supported with a screw rod 14, the left end of the screw rod 14 is connected with a speed reducer 15, an input shaft of the speed reducer 15 is connected with a motor 16, and a motor encoder 17 is arranged on the motor 16; the screw rod feeding mechanism realizes high feeding precision control through two-stage speed reduction of the speed reducer 15 and the screw rod 14, so that the drilling pressure is accurately controlled, the structure is compact, the influence of vibration impact is small, and test data with guiding significance on real environment drilling is obtained; the threaded part of the screw rod 14 is matched and connected with the screw rod nut seat 11, the right end of the screw rod 14 is connected with the gear shaft 18, and the right end of the gear shaft 18 is connected with the right screw rod support 13; the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber is fixed through the rock sample clamp 28, and the rock sample 33 is clamped in the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber; the right end of the ultrasonic drilling machine is inserted into the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber to micro-drill the rock sample 33, and the design of the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber can study the drilling process of the ultrasonic drilling machine on the rock sample in a simulated moon vacuum environment, so that the ultrasonic drilling machine is optimally designed to be more suitable for equipment for outer space drilling coring (sampling).
In order to realize that the screw rod feeding mechanism drives the ultrasonic drilling machine to stably feed along a straight line, the bottom end of the screw rod nut seat 11 is connected with the test bed base 10 through the dovetail guide rail 19, and the dovetail guide rail 19 is parallel to the screw rod 14.
In order to achieve the aim of achieving the preset experimental aim by adjusting the tightness of the adjustable clamping frame according to experimental setting conditions, the adjustable clamping frame is of a cuboid frame structure consisting of an L-shaped supporting frame 20, a lower adjusting screw 21, an upper adjusting screw 22 and an adjusting supporting plate 23; the support frame 20 is fixedly connected to the screw rod nut seat 11, the right end of the support frame 20 is connected with a horizontal lower adjusting screw rod 21 through a nut assembly, and the top of the left end of the support frame 20 is connected with a horizontal upper adjusting screw rod 22 through a nut assembly; the right ends of the lower adjusting screw 21 and the upper adjusting screw 22 are connected through an adjusting support plate 23.
In order to simulate the outer space drilling process of an ultrasonic drilling machine in a vacuum environment and provide technical support for optimally designing equipment which is more suitable for outer space drilling coring (sampling), the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber comprises a shell 24, a vacuum chamber 25 is arranged in the shell 24, an upper gland 26 is arranged on the upper surface of the shell 24, and a sealing gland 27 is fixedly arranged at the left end of the shell 24; the vacuum chamber 25 is connected with the vacuum pump 30 and the vacuum gauge 31 through a one-way valve 29 pipeline, a plastic sleeve 32, a rock sample 33, a sealing piston 34 and a pressure sensor 35 are sequentially arranged in the vacuum chamber 25 from left to right, the plastic sleeve 32 is used for fixing the rock sample 33 and the precompacting pressure sensor 35, and the pressure sensor 35 is still in a compression state when the vacuum chamber 25 is in a negative pressure state; the top end of the clamp support 28 is connected with a clamp screw 36 in a threaded manner, and the bottom end of the clamp screw 36 is hinged with the upper gland 26 through a hinge sleeve 37.
In order to realize better drilling work and ensure low power consumption and stable performance of the drilling machine, the ultrasonic drilling machine is sequentially provided with a bolt 38, an upper electrode 39, piezoelectric ceramics 40, a lower electrode 41, a luffing rod 42, a drilling tool joint 43, a pre-tightening positioning mechanism and a drilling tool 45, wherein the horizontal central axis of the bolt is on the same straight line from left to right, the right end of the luffing rod 42 is sleeved in the drilling tool joint 43, a free mass unit 46 is arranged between the luffing rod 42 and the drilling tool joint 43, and the drilling tool 45 passes through a sealing gland 27 to reach the inside of the vacuum chamber 25; the bolt 38 sequentially passes through the upper electrode 39, the piezoelectric ceramic 40 and the lower electrode 41 and then is connected to the left end of the amplitude transformer 42; the pre-tightening positioning mechanism comprises a connecting screw rod 47, the left end of the connecting screw rod 47 is connected with the drilling tool joint 43, the right part of the connecting screw rod 47 is sleeved on the adjusting support plate 23 through a guide flange 48, and the right end of the connecting screw rod 47 is connected with the drilling tool 45; the connecting screw rod 47 between the tool joint 43 and the adjusting support plate 23 is sleeved with a compressed spring 49, and the nut assemblies on the adjusting screw rod 21 and the upper adjusting screw rod 22 are synchronously screwed down to adjust the left and right movement of the adjusting support plate 23 relative to the tool joint 43, so that the expansion and contraction amount of the spring 49 is adjusted.
In order to ensure the vacuum degree of the sealing chamber, a piston radial sealing ring 50 is arranged between the sealing piston 34 and the shell 24; a drilling tool radial sealing ring 51 is arranged between the drilling tool 45 and the sealing gland 27; a gland axial seal 52 is disposed between the gland 27 and the housing 24.
In order to realize high-frequency vibration rotary drilling, effectively improve the feed speed and the service life of a drilling tool, overcome the occurrence of core blockage and sticking accidents and improve the drilling efficiency, the ultrasonic micro-drilling test stand also comprises a rotary mechanism, wherein the rotary mechanism comprises a rolling bearing 53, the inner ring of the rolling bearing 53 is fixedly sleeved on a lower adjusting screw 21 through a nut assembly, the outer ring of the rolling bearing 53 is sleeved in a transmission gear 54, a screw 55 and a limiting gland 56 are arranged on the transmission gear 54, the screw 55 is used for fixing the limiting gland 56 on the side wall of the transmission gear 54, and the left end surface of the limiting gland 56 is fixedly positioned on the outer ring of the rolling bearing 53; the top end of the transmission gear 54 is meshed with the drill joint 43, and the bottom end of the transmission gear 54 is meshed with the gear shaft 18. The gear shaft 18 is driven by the screw rod 14 to rotate, and is meshed with the transmission gear 54, and the transmission gear 54 is meshed with the drill joint 43, so that the rotation control of the drill 45 is realized.
In order to realize data acquisition/control of drilling parameters, the ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed also comprises a data acquisition/control system, wherein the data acquisition/control system comprises an I/U sensor, a pressure sensor, a motor encoder, a data acquisition card, a PC, a motor driver and a frequency modulation power supply; the data acquisition card respectively monitors and acquires current and voltage data transmitted to the I/U sensor by the ultrasonic drilling machine, rotational speed data of the motor encoder and drilling pressure data received by the rock sample detected by the pressure sensor; the data acquisition card transmits the real-time data which are monitored and acquired to the PC, the PC performs comprehensive analysis and integration through the PC, the PC respectively controls the frequency modulation power supply and the motor driver through the control signals, the frequency modulation power supply provides high-frequency current for the ultrasonic drilling machine, the ultrasonic drilling machine is driven to vibrate at high frequency, drilling of a rock sample is achieved, and the motor driver converts the control signals into driving electric signals to drive the motor. Collecting motor rotating speed data through a motor encoder; controlling the excitation frequency, the excitation waveform and the excitation voltage between two electrodes of the ultrasonic drilling machine through a frequency modulation power supply; the drilling pressure value is acquired through a pressure sensor; the current and voltage data acquisition of the ultrasonic drilling machine is realized through an I/U sensor; calculating the size of the drilling machine (namely the drilling speed value) according to the angle rotated by the motor; the drilling pressure is regulated by controlling the rotating speed of the motor, so that the real-time monitoring and control of the drilling pressure, the input voltage, the input current, the drilling speed, the drilling depth and the like are realized.
The specific test method comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing a rock sample 33 and a plastic sleeve 32 into a vacuum chamber 25 in sequence, enabling the rock sample 33 to be in contact with the end face of a sealing piston 34, enabling through holes on the surface of the plastic sleeve 32 to be aligned with a one-way valve 29, inserting a drilling tool 45 into a sealing gland 27, sequentially screwing a connecting screw 47 and a drilling tool joint 43, and tightly sealing the gland 27;
(2) The ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber is fixed through a rock sample clamp, the expansion and contraction amount of a spring 49 is regulated by screwing a nut component on an upper regulating screw 22 and a lower regulating screw 21, and the proper pressing force of the amplitude transformer 42 and the free mass unit 46 is set;
(3) Driving the drilling machine to move forward, and pushing the drilling tool 45 against the surface of the rock sample 33;
(4) Starting a vacuum pump 30, observing a vacuum gauge 31, and reducing the pressure in the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber to a proper pressure value;
(5) When only the high frequency vibration drilling performance process parameter study is performed, the drilling tool 45 is not rotated by using the gearless drilling tool joint 43; setting parameters such as the rotating speed of the motor 16, the ultrasonic vibration frequency and the like, starting a test, and collecting data; different drilling pressure and drilling speed can be obtained by setting different motor rotating speeds and ultrasonic vibration frequencies; the influence of the variable-amplitude rod 42 and the free mass unit 46 with different specifications on the drilling efficiency can be studied by replacing the variable-amplitude rod;
(6) When the high-frequency vibration rotary drilling performance technological parameter is studied, the drilling tool 45 synchronously rotates along with the footage by using the tool joint 43 with gear teeth; setting parameters such as the rotating speed of the motor 16, the ultrasonic vibration frequency and the like, starting a test, and collecting data; different drilling pressure and drilling speed can be obtained by setting different motor rotating speeds and ultrasonic vibration frequencies; the influence of the variable-amplitude rod 42 and the free mass unit 46 with different specifications on the drilling efficiency can be studied by replacing the variable-amplitude rod;
(7) The rock sample 33 was replaced and 1 to 6 were repeated for the next set of tests.
Finally, it should be noted that: it is apparent that the above examples are only illustrative of the present invention and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling comprises a test bed base and is characterized in that a screw rod footage mechanism is arranged at the left part of the test bed base, and a right screw rod support and a rock sample clamp which are vertically and fixedly connected with the test bed base are arranged at the right part of the test bed base; the screw rod feeding mechanism comprises a screw rod nut seat and a left screw rod support, wherein the screw rod nut seat and the left screw rod support are arranged at the left part of the test bed base, the screw rod nut seat is in sliding connection with the test bed base, an adjustable clamping frame is fixedly connected to the screw rod nut seat, and an ultrasonic drilling machine which is horizontally arranged is clamped in the adjustable clamping frame; the left screw rod support is supported with a screw rod, the left end of the screw rod is connected with a speed reducer, an input shaft of the speed reducer is connected with a motor, and a motor encoder is arranged on the motor; the screw thread part of the screw rod is matched and connected with the screw rod nut seat, the right end of the screw rod is connected with a gear shaft, and the right end of the gear shaft is connected with a right screw rod support; an ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber is fixed on the rock sample clamp, and a rock sample is clamped in the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber; the right end of the ultrasonic drilling machine is inserted into the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber to micro-drill the rock sample; the adjustable clamping frame is a cuboid frame structure consisting of an L-shaped supporting frame, a lower adjusting screw, an upper adjusting screw and an adjusting supporting plate; the support frame is fixedly connected to the screw rod nut seat, the right end of the support frame is connected with a horizontal lower adjusting screw rod through a nut assembly, and the top of the left end of the support frame is connected with a horizontal upper adjusting screw rod through a nut assembly; the right ends of the lower adjusting screw and the upper adjusting screw are connected through an adjusting supporting plate.
2. The ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling according to claim 1, wherein the ultra-vacuum rock sample clamping chamber comprises a shell, a vacuum chamber is arranged in the shell, an upper gland is arranged on the upper surface of the shell, and a sealing gland is fixedly arranged at the left end of the shell; the vacuum chamber is connected with a vacuum pump and a vacuum gauge through a one-way valve pipeline, and a plastic sleeve, a rock sample, a sealing piston and a pressure sensor are sequentially arranged in the vacuum chamber from left to right; the top end of the clamp support is in threaded connection with a clamp screw, and the bottom end of the clamp screw is hinged with an upper gland through a hinge sleeve.
3. The ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic drilling machine is sequentially provided with a bolt, an upper electrode, piezoelectric ceramics, a lower electrode, a luffing rod, a drilling tool joint, a pre-tightening positioning mechanism and a drilling tool, wherein the horizontal central axis of the bolt, the upper electrode, the piezoelectric ceramics, the lower electrode, the luffing rod, the drilling tool joint, the pre-tightening positioning mechanism and the drilling tool are arranged on the same straight line from left to right, the right end of the luffing rod is sleeved in the drilling tool joint, a free mass unit is arranged between the luffing rod and the drilling tool joint, and the drilling tool passes through a sealing gland to reach the inside of a vacuum chamber; the bolt sequentially passes through the upper electrode, the piezoelectric ceramic and the lower electrode and then is connected to the left end of the amplitude transformer; the pre-tightening positioning mechanism comprises a connecting screw, the left end of the connecting screw is connected with a drilling tool joint, the right part of the connecting screw is sleeved on the adjusting support plate through a guide flange, and the right end of the connecting screw is connected with a drilling tool; the connecting screw rod between the drilling tool joint and the adjusting support plate is sleeved with a compressed spring.
4. The ultrasonic micro-drilling test stand for simulating moon drilling according to claim 3, wherein a piston radial sealing ring is arranged between the sealing piston and the shell; a drilling tool radial sealing ring is arranged between the drilling tool and the sealing gland; a gland axial sealing ring is arranged between the sealing gland and the shell.
5. The ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling according to claim 4, further comprising a slewing mechanism, wherein the slewing mechanism comprises a rolling bearing, an inner ring of the rolling bearing is fixedly sleeved on a lower adjusting screw rod through a nut assembly, an outer ring of the rolling bearing is sleeved in a transmission gear, a screw and a limit gland are arranged on the transmission gear, the screw is used for fixing the limit gland on the side wall of the transmission gear, and the left end face of the limit gland is fixedly positioned on the outer ring of the rolling bearing; the top end of the transmission gear is meshed with the drilling tool joint, and the bottom end of the transmission gear is meshed with the gear shaft.
6. The ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed for simulating moon drilling according to claim 5, wherein the ultrasonic micro-drilling test bed further comprises a data acquisition/control system, wherein the data acquisition/control system comprises an I/U sensor, a pressure sensor, a motor encoder, a data acquisition card, a PC, a motor driver and a frequency modulation power supply; the data acquisition card respectively monitors and acquires current and voltage data transmitted to the I/U sensor by the ultrasonic drilling machine, rotational speed data of the motor encoder and drilling pressure data received by the rock sample detected by the pressure sensor; the data acquisition card transmits the monitored and acquired real-time data to the PC, the PC performs comprehensive analysis and integration, the PC respectively controls the frequency modulation power supply and the motor driver through control signals, the frequency modulation power supply supplies high-frequency current to the ultrasonic drilling machine, and the ultrasonic drilling machine vibrates at high frequency to drill the rock sample; the motor driver drives the motor.
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