CN106895985A - The fault-signal noise reduction reconstruct characteristic recognition method of high-speed rod-rolling mill - Google Patents

The fault-signal noise reduction reconstruct characteristic recognition method of high-speed rod-rolling mill Download PDF

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CN106895985A
CN106895985A CN201710141369.8A CN201710141369A CN106895985A CN 106895985 A CN106895985 A CN 106895985A CN 201710141369 A CN201710141369 A CN 201710141369A CN 106895985 A CN106895985 A CN 106895985A
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CN106895985B (en
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孙建桥
李伟光
成西平
张晓涛
赵学智
赵果
谭仲毅
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HANWEIGUANGYUAN (GUANGZHOU) MACHINERY CO Ltd
South China University of Technology SCUT
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HANWEIGUANGYUAN (GUANGZHOU) MACHINERY CO Ltd
South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

A kind of fault-signal noise reduction the embodiment of the invention discloses high-speed rod-rolling mill reconstructs characteristic recognition method.Methods described includes:Vibration signal matrix to gathering carries out singular value decomposition, to generate corresponding singular value vector;Singular value Difference Spectrum is constructed according to the singular value vector, and effective singular value order is determined according to the singular value Difference Spectrum;In the range of effective singular value order, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT is carried out to the singular value vector;There is the amplitude of power frequency and its frequency multiplication feature, to obtain corresponding noise singular in search FFT result sequence;Time-domain signal is reconstructed with the singular value vector for rejecting the noise singular, to obtain fault characteristic signals.The fault recognition method of high-speed rod-rolling mill provided in an embodiment of the present invention can improve the signal to noise ratio of fault characteristic signals, realize the Accurate Diagnosis of high-speed rod-rolling mill failure.

Description

The fault-signal noise reduction reconstruct characteristic recognition method of high-speed rod-rolling mill
Technical field
A kind of failure the present embodiments relate to Research on failure diagnosis of rolling mill technical field, more particularly to high-speed rod-rolling mill is known Other method.
Background technology
With the continuous progress of science and technology, the direction hair of the positive high speed of metallurgical equipment, high capacity and automaticity high Exhibition, but the order of severity of accident is also significantly increased caused by equipment fault.How to ensure the safe operation of equipment, find in time Hidden danger, eliminates and avoids failure, it has also become unusual urgent problems.Common high-speed rod-rolling mill failure includes:Milling train Roll mandrel axial float, bevel gear beat disconnected tooth, roll mandrel, shaft coupling disengagement and bevel gear and disengage.
The diagnosis of high-speed rod-rolling mill status fault is the running state information in monitoring device and carries out Fault Identification, it is to avoid The huge economic losses that failure propagation brings.Sensitivity and the reliability of detection means need to be thus improved, and in existing detection On device basic, by the digitized processing to institute's detection signal, low cost, the high-speed rod-rolling mill shape of high reliability are capable of achieving State fault diagnosis.
Often there is random noise disturbance and power supply Hz noise simultaneously in the high-speed rod-rolling mill vibration signal of collection, often There is the erroneous judgement to true running status in judgement of the rule method to signal.Therefore eliminate or reduce the random noise in vibration signal With the important content that industrial frequency noise interference is high-speed rod-rolling mill whirling vibration signal transacting.
In the prior art, can be using the mode of singular value decomposition (Singular value decomposition, SVD) Complete the above-mentioned elimination to random noise and industrial frequency noise.Stress below using the noise canceling procedures of SVD technique.
, it is necessary to the discrete signal of collection is configured into matrix form, such as Hankel matrixes before signal transacting being carried out with SVD Deng.
Assuming that the discrete signal of collection has following form:
X=[x (1), x (2) ..., x (N)] (1)
The Hankel matrix As of following form can be configured to:
Parameter in formula (2) meets:1<n<N.M=N-n+1 is made, then there are A ∈ Rm×n
Vectorial uiAnd viMeet following relation:
In formula (3), ui∈Rm×1, vi∈Rn×1, i=1,2,3 ..., q, q=min (m, n).
If signal x (i) to be expressed as the combination of DC component, AC compounent and noise component(s), have:
X (j)=z (j)+s (j)+ξ (j) (4)
In formula (4), j=1,2,3 ..., N, z (j) represents the corresponding DC component signals of x (j), and s (j) represents x (j) correspondences AC compounent signal, ξ (j) represents x (j) corresponding AC compounent signal.Thus, the Hankel matrix As constructed by x (j) can To be expressed as:
A=Az+As+Aξ (5)
Wherein, AzIt is the Hankel matrixes constructed according to DC component signal z (j), AsIt is according to AC compounent signal s (j) The Hankel matrixes of construction, AξIt is the Hankel matrixes constructed according to noise component(s) ξ (j), and above three matrix is satisfied by Az、As、Aξ∈Rm×n
All it is a section intercepted from original signal per a line in Hankel matrixes, and adjacent vector is only delayed one Point, therefore, the adjacent rows information of the Hankel matrixes being made up of cyclic component is closely related, and its order is much smaller than q=min (m,n).Then coherence is weak for two row informations of the Hankel matrixes constructed by random noise sequences.
In restructuring matrix A, the selection of reconstruct order k is most important, and the too small meeting of order value causes that distorted signals is serious, its value It is excessive, cause more noise.It is y that the signal for being formed is superimposed by the sinusoidal signal x and small noise w of standard, is constructed by y The singular value σ of Hankel matrixes Yi(Y), the singular value σ of matrix Xi(X), the singular value σ of matrix Wi(W) meet as follows between three Relation:
σi(X)≤σi(Y)≤σi(X)+σi(W) (6)
Formula (6) shows, in the singular value generated by signals and associated noises y, preceding r value will be far longer than m-r value below, R is reconstruct order k values.
Thus the concept of singular value Difference Spectrum is drawn.Assuming that the unusual value sequence of matrix Y is, definition:
biii+1
Wherein, i=1,2,3 ..., m-1.Due to the definition in above formula, then by biThe sequence b of composition is referred to as singular value difference Spectrum.Sequence number according to corresponding to maximum in singular value Difference Spectrum determines reconstruct order k, and k component carries out signal weight before choosing Structure.That is, reconstruction signalWith following form:
The conventional method for carrying out signal de-noising treatment using SVD methods is that the singular value obtained by singular value decomposition is divided into two Part a, part is the smaller singular value for reflecting noise, and another part is the larger singular value for reflecting useful feature signal, then Will smaller unusual value part zero setting, the larger unusual value part of reservation, so as to reach the purpose of noise reduction and feature extraction.
But, inventor has found above-mentioned existing in the research process of the existing characteristic extraction procedure based on SVD The noise reduction of mode is not fine, is mainly manifested in the frequency domain character not in view of noise, thus can not be accurate Completion fault characteristic signals extraction.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of fault-signal noise reduction reconstruct of high-speed rod-rolling mill is the embodiment of the invention provides Characteristic recognition method, to improve the signal to noise ratio of fault characteristic signals, realizes the Accurate Diagnosis of high-speed rod-rolling mill failure.
A kind of fault-signal noise reduction reconstruct characteristic recognition method of high-speed rod-rolling mill is the embodiment of the invention provides, it is described Method includes:
Vibration signal matrix to gathering carries out singular value decomposition, to generate corresponding singular value vector;
Singular value Difference Spectrum is constructed according to the singular value vector, and is determined according to the singular value Difference Spectrum effectively unusual Value order, to reduce random noise;
In the range of effective singular value order, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT is carried out to the singular value vector;
There is the amplitude of power frequency and its frequency multiplication feature, to obtain corresponding noise singular in search FFT result sequence;
Time-domain signal is reconstructed with the singular value vector for rejecting the noise singular, to obtain fault characteristic signals.
The fault-signal noise reduction reconstruct characteristic recognition method of high-speed rod-rolling mill provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by adopting The vibration signal matrix of collection carries out singular value decomposition, to generate corresponding singular value vector, is constructed according to the singular value vector Singular value Difference Spectrum, and effective singular value order is determined according to the singular value Difference Spectrum, in the scope of effective singular value order It is interior, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT is carried out to the singular value vector, have power frequency and its frequency multiplication special in search FFT result sequence The amplitude levied, to obtain corresponding noise singular, time-domain signal is reconstructed with the singular value vector for rejecting the noise singular, So as to realize the extraction of fault characteristic signals by way of singular value and singular value vector are combined, fault signature is improve The signal to noise ratio of signal, realizes the Accurate Diagnosis of high-speed rod-rolling mill failure.
Brief description of the drawings
By the detailed description made to non-limiting example made with reference to the following drawings of reading, it is of the invention other Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Figure 1A is the oscillogram of primary signal;
Figure 1B is the spectrogram of primary signal;
Fig. 2 is preceding 30 singular values of signal;
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of singular value and amplitude;
Fig. 4 is the graph of a relation of singular value and frequency;
Fig. 5 is the graph of a relation of singular value and phase;
Fig. 6 is the graph of a relation of component singular value and amplitude;
Fig. 7 is the graph of a relation of signal singular values and matrix columns;
Fig. 8 is the stream of the fault-signal noise reduction reconstruct characteristic recognition method of high-speed rod-rolling mill provided in an embodiment of the present invention Cheng Tu;
Fig. 9 A are the signal waveforms that engineering provided in an embodiment of the present invention gathers signal;
Fig. 9 B are the signal spectrum figures that engineering provided in an embodiment of the present invention gathers signal;
Figure 10 is the singular value spectrogram that engineering provided in an embodiment of the present invention gathers signal;
Figure 11 is the singular value Difference Spectrum that engineering provided in an embodiment of the present invention gathers signal;
Figure 12 A are the oscillograms of reconstruction signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 12 B are the spectrograms of reconstruction signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the left singular vector frequency spectrum of signal section after engineering collection signal reconstruction provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 14 A are the signal waveforms after engineering collection signal reconstruction noise reduction provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 14 B are the spectrograms after engineering collection signal reconstruction noise reduction provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that this place is retouched The specific embodiment stated is used only for explaining the present invention, rather than limitation of the invention.It also should be noted that, in order to just Part rather than entire infrastructure related to the present invention is illustrate only in description, accompanying drawing.
The fault-signal noise reduction reconstruct characteristic recognition method of high-speed rod-rolling mill provided in an embodiment of the present invention is introduced first General principle.
In formula (3), orderIf AiFirst row vector be Pi,1, Vi,nIt is AiLast column vector is gone Fall the sub- column vector after its first element, by Pi,1And Vi,nTransposition end to end form component signal Pi, i.e.,:
In formula (8), Pi,n∈R1×n, Vi,n∈R(m-1)×1.An important decomposition for constituting primary signal X.
AiUse row vector Pi,1,Pi,2,…,Pi,mRepresent, Pi,m∈R(m-1)×1;Matrix A row vector represents X1,X2,…,Xm, Xm∈R1×n, then the row vector of A is equal to all AiCorresponding row vector superposition, i.e.,:
X1=P1,1+P2,1+…+Pr,1 (9)
If column vector V in AnRepresent, Vn∈R(m-1)×1, VnEqual to all AiIn corresponding column vector Vi,nSuperposition, its turn Put and similarly set up, i.e.,:
Signal X vector formsRepresent, and component signal PiUse vector formTable Show, then all component signals and be:
Also just have:
P1+P2+…+Pr=X (11)
Primary signal is configured to Hankel matrixes and singular value decomposition is carried out, primary signal component signal can be decomposed into Linear superposition form.Phase invariant of each component signal separated from original signal in original signal, i.e., with zero Phase offset characteristic.The several components for choosing detection frequency carry out simple linear superposition, such that it is able to realize to signal characteristic The extraction of information.
According to formula (8), the energy that can calculate component signal Pi is:
In formula (12), ui1It is vectorial ui1st coordinate, u of uii1<1;vi,nIt is vector viN-th coordinate, vi,n<1.By Formula (12) understands:I.e.:
|Pi|∝σi (13)
If signal X is made up of DC component, AC compounent and noise, AC compounent is expressed as Pi=asin (2 π ft+ φ), Then:
Due to PiIt is periodic signal, the cycle is T (data points), and the signal period number included in hits N is N0(it is whole Number), if N=TN0, then ε is 0;If N ≠ TN0, then | ε |<N-TN0<T/2, when hits N includes multiple signal periods, then T/2<<N, can obtain:
Namely:
Can be obtained by formula (13) and formula (16):
σi∝a (17)
σi∝N (18)
It follows that:The singular value of cyclical component signal is directly proportional with its amplitude, and with signal frequency and phase It is unrelated;When cyclical component signal is constant, singular value is directly proportional to signal sampling number.
For further instruction problem, also by simulating, verifying singular value and signal amplitude, frequency and phase it Between relation.
Take emulation signal s=s0+ ξ (n), s0=a1sin(2πf1t+φ1)+a2sin(2πf2t+φ2) it is test signal;Ginseng Number is a1=3, f1=50, φ1=0.2 π, a2=2, f2=115, φ2=1.3 π;Sample rate fs=1024, hits fN= 1024.ξ (n) is white Gaussian noise that intensity is 1.Emulation signal waveform and frequency spectrum are as illustrated in figures 1A and ib.
(1) relation between singular value and signal
Construction Hankel matrixes, line number m=512, columns n=N-m+1=513.SVD decomposition is carried out to Hankel matrixes, The singular value of generation is as shown in Fig. 2 the singular value totally 512 of SVD treatment generations, gives preceding 30 singular values in figure.1st, 2 It is the component of 50Hz that individual singular value represents frequency, and it is the component of 115Hz that the 3rd, 4 singular values represent frequency, remaining singular value generation Table noise.
In the case where there is noise conditions, preceding 8 singular values are followed successively by:759.74,758.00,511.88,510.74,47.59, 47.57,46.02,45.97.1st and the 2nd singular value size is approached, and the 3rd and the 4th singular value size is approached, and the 5th~8 is strange Different value size is approached.It is easy analysis, previous singular value is only taken in the close singular value of two sizes.
In order to more accurately observe the same amplitude of singular value, frequency and the Changing Pattern of phase, erased noise component ξ (n) divides Analysis s0Changing Pattern.
Singular value is with the Changing Pattern between amplitude:Only change signal s0Middle parameter a1, remaining parameter constant, singular value with Amplitude a1Relation as shown in figure 3, wherein singular value is with amplitude a1It is directly proportional.
The relation of singular value same frequency:Only change signal s0Middle parameter f1, remaining parameter constant, f1In the analysis of signal highest Uniform value, obtains Fig. 4 in frequency.As can be seen from Fig., singular value does not change substantially and changes with frequency.
Influence of the phase place change to singular value:Only change phase1, other parameters are constant, between singular value same-phase Relation is as shown in Figure 5.Phase place change, singular value keeps constant, illustrates that singular value is unrelated with phase.
a1=3, f1=50, φ1=0.2 π keeps constant, changes a2, f2Or φ2Identical conclusion can be drawn.
When two components of research take identical amplitude, singular value is with amplitude variation relation.That is a1=a2, signal s0In other ginseng Number is constant:f1=50, φ1=0.2 π;f2=115, φ2=1.3 π.Variation relation such as Fig. 6 of two component amplitudes and singular value Shown, singular value is identical when component amplitude is identical, and both linearly change.
The above results show that the singular value of cyclical signal is directly proportional to its amplitude, and unrelated with signal frequency and phase.
Therefore, the size according to component amplitude can determine its position of the corresponding singular value in unusual value sequence, enter And can extract the elimination that the singular value realizes corresponding interference components.
(2) relation of singular value and matrix structure
Signal s0Middle parameter sets as follows:a1=3, f1=50, φ1=0.2 π;a2=2, f2=115, φ2=1.3 π.
By hits N set gradually for:500,760,1000,1500,1800,2000, then construct Hankel matrixes:Row It is n=N/2, behavior m=N-n+1.SVD decomposition is carried out, matrix columns is obtained with the relation between singular value, as shown in Figure 7.Figure In two singular values of component all with the change of Hankel matrix columns linear change, keep constant in each component of signal When, singular value is directly proportional to signal sampling number.
According to conclusion above, the present invention combines both singular values and singular vectors, the general theory based on SVD Framework, while eliminating random noise and industrial frequency noise in vibration signal.After signal is through SVD, advised according to unusual Distribution value first Rule determines effective singular value order, to reduce the random noise in signal, then the singular vector in the order scale is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), search has the amplitude spectrum of power frequency and its frequency multiplication feature to obtain corresponding singular vector, because unusual Value and singular vector are one-to-one, and then obtain singular value, and time-domain signal is reconstructed with remaining singular values and singular vectors, So as to further remove industrial frequency noise.This inventive method can eliminate power frequency and other noises in the detection signal for obtaining, just In dominant extraction fault characteristic signals.
The fault-signal noise reduction that the embodiment of the invention provides high-speed rod-rolling mill reconstructs a kind of skill of characteristic recognition method Art scheme.Referring to Fig. 1, the fault recognition method of the high-speed rod-rolling mill includes:
S81, the analog vibration signal to gathering is digitized.
In a testing experiment, the rotating speed for testing axle is 3500 revs/min, with 1000Hz sample rates continuous acquisition 60 seconds, 1000 signals are analyzed in the middle of interception, and the signal of collection is as shown in Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B.
S82, the vibration signal matrix is constructed according to the vibration signal that digitlization is obtained.
In the present embodiment, by constructing construction of the Hankel matrixes completion to vibration signal matrix.
S83, the vibration signal matrix to gathering carries out singular value decomposition, to generate corresponding singular value vector.
The signal construction that will be collected and carries out singular values and singular vectors Combined Processing at Hankel matrixes, generation it is unusual Value spectrum is as shown in Figure 10, and preceding 50 singular values are listed in figure.
S84, singular value Difference Spectrum is constructed according to the singular value vector, and is determined according to the singular value Difference Spectrum effective Singular value order, to reduce random noise.
In the present embodiment, singular value Difference Spectrum is constructed according to equation below:
biii+1 (19)
In formula (19), biIt is i-th difference value in the singular value Difference Spectrum, σiIt is i-th in the singular value vector Individual singular value, σi+1It is the i+1 singular value in the singular value vector.
Singular value Difference Spectrum, namely in Figure 11, first maximum turned left from the right side is 21, it is thus determined that effectively singular value Order is 21.According to this effective singular value order reconstruction signal, signal waveform and frequency spectrum such as Figure 12 A of reconstruct and Figure 12 B institutes Show.Compare Fig. 9 and Figure 12 it can be found that random noise has very big reduction.
S85, in the range of effective singular value order, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT is carried out to the singular value vector.
To left singular vector U1―U21Make FFT treatment, preceding 6 amplitude spectrums and U are shown in Figure 1312And U13Frequency spectrum.
S86, the amplitude in search FFT result sequence with power frequency and its frequency multiplication feature is unusual to obtain corresponding noise Value.
In fig. 13, U1Frequency be zero, represent DC component;U2And U3Frequency be 64Hz, this is the fundamental frequency point of main shaft Amount;And U4And U5Frequency be 50Hz, this is power frequency component, and U12And U13Frequency be 150Hz, show the power frequency in the presence of 3 times Component;U6And other vectors represent other spectrum components of main shaft.
According to analysis above, it should by U4、U5、U12、U13Singular value after corresponding FFT by converting after it is unusual Rejected in value vector.
S87, reconstructs time-domain signal, to obtain fault characteristic signals with the singular value vector for rejecting the noise singular.
The reconstruct of time-domain signal is the inverse process digitized by collection signal to FFT.And, the reconstruct of above-mentioned time-domain signal Process includes IFFT map functions.
Use singular value σi(i=1,2,3,6 ..., 11,14 ..., 21) and singular vector reconstruct time-domain signal, waveform and frequency Spectrum is as shown in Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B.Compare Figure 12 and Figure 14 it can be found that not only the random noise in the signal after noise reduction is able to Removal, Hz noise is also eliminated, and obtains clean rotor fundamental frequency and its frequency-doubled signal, follow-up to rotor fortune so as to be conducive to The analysis and diagnosis of row state.
The embodiment of the present invention combines singular value and singular value vector, and using the singular value vector after FFT Determine the corresponding noise singular of industrial frequency noise, and noise singular is rejected from the singular value vector after FFT, according to Singular value vector reconstruct time-domain signal after rejecting, improves the signal to noise ratio of fault characteristic signals, realizes high-speed rod-rolling mill The Accurate Diagnosis of failure.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, for those skilled in the art For, the present invention can have various changes and change.It is all any modifications made within spirit and principles of the present invention, equivalent Replace, improve etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of fault-signal noise reduction of high-speed rod-rolling mill reconstructs characteristic recognition method, it is characterised in that including:
Vibration signal matrix to gathering carries out singular value decomposition, to generate corresponding singular value vector;
Singular value Difference Spectrum is constructed according to the singular value vector, and effective singular value rank is determined according to the singular value Difference Spectrum It is secondary, to reduce random noise;
In the range of effective singular value order, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT is carried out to the singular value vector;
There is the amplitude of power frequency and its frequency multiplication feature, to obtain corresponding noise singular in search FFT result sequence;
Time-domain signal is reconstructed with the singular value vector for rejecting the noise singular, to obtain fault characteristic signals.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include:
Before singular value decomposition is carried out to the vibration signal for gathering, the analog vibration signal to gathering is digitized;And
The vibration signal matrix is constructed according to the vibration signal that digitlization is obtained.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the vibration is constructed according to the vibration signal that digitlization is obtained Signal matrix includes:
By constructing Hankel matrixes, the vibration signal matrix is constructed.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that singular value Difference Spectrum bag is constructed according to the singular value vector Include:
The singular value Difference Spectrum is constructed according to equation below:
biii+1
Wherein, biIt is i-th difference value in the singular value Difference Spectrum, σiFor i-th in the singular value vector is unusual Value, σi+1It is the i+1 singular value in the singular value vector.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that reconstructed with the singular value vector for rejecting the noise singular Time-domain signal, is included with obtaining fault characteristic signals:
Time-domain signal is reconstructed by carrying out Fast Fourier Transform Inverse IFFT to the singular value vector for rejecting the noise singular, To obtain fault characteristic signals.
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