CN106892607A - 一种环保吸声建筑板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
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Abstract
一种环保吸声建筑板材,所述板材为由面材层和底材层组成的双层多孔结构,所述面材层是由建筑垃圾再生细骨料、煤矸石、水泥、石灰和污泥制备而成;所述底材层是由建筑垃圾再生细骨料、水泥和污泥制备而成。本发明提供了一种利用污泥和煤矸石等固体废弃物作为主要材料的环保吸声建筑材料,材料呈现多孔状结构,材料的表面和内部存在较均匀的孔隙,且孔隙率较高时,材料的吸声效果更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于资源循环利用领域,特别涉及一种环保吸声建筑板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代工业生产的迅速发展,环境污染问题的严重化对环境污染实施有效控制已变得越来越重要和紧迫,噪声污染、水污染和大气污染是环境问题的最主要的影响因素,被认为是当今世界的三大污染,而对于噪声污染问题,目前的主要解决办法是采用吸声材料进行吸声降噪处理。
棉、麻、毛毡等天然纤维质有机吸声材料虽然成本低、吸声频带宽,但其防腐蚀性能很差;以玻璃棉为首的无机多孔材料,虽然有良好的防腐性能和吸声性能,但其抗压性能很差,容易断裂;后来以陶粒为代表的多孔吸声材料在抗压方面表现的更好,但是其多是由粘土或者页岩等自然资源烧制而成的,容易导致自然资源过度开发而破坏环境。
授权公告号CN 104478053 A(申请号201010502464.4)的中国专利文献公开了一种粉煤灰基吸声材料的制备方法,用作高速铁路、高速公路、地铁、建筑墙体等的吸声隔音板材,此专利中公开的方法需要在1100℃的马弗炉中进行热处理和后续加工处理,制备方法复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种环保吸声建筑板材,同时提供其制备方法是本发明的另一发明目的。
基于上述目的,本发明采用以下步骤制成:
一种环保吸声建筑板材,所述板材为由面材层和底材层组成的双层多孔结构,所述面材层是由建筑垃圾再生细骨料、煤矸石、水泥、石灰和污泥制备而成;所述底材层是由建筑垃圾再生细骨料、水泥和污泥制备而成。
所述面材层中,各原料的重量份比例为:水泥25~40份、污泥20~30份、煤矸石20~30份、建筑垃圾再生细骨料10~20份和石灰5~10份;上述原料之和为100份;所述底材层中,各原料的重量份比例为:建筑垃圾再生细骨料35~45份、水泥30~40和污泥20~35份;上述原料之和为100份。
所述底材层和面材层二者的厚度比为(1.25~2.5):1,且二者的质量比为(2~4):1。
所述污泥为含水率60%的城镇污水厂。所述的环保吸声建筑板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将建筑垃圾再生细骨料和水泥按比例混合后,加入污泥和水继续混合得到底材层混合料浆;
2)将建筑垃圾再生细骨料、煤矸石、水泥和石灰按比例混合后,加入污泥与水继续混合得到面材层混合料浆;
3)将底材层混合料浆置于模具底部,面材层混合料浆置于底材层混合料浆之上,常温下压制成型,压制成型过程中采用的激振力为80~100KN,保持时间为1min;
4)成型后取出烘干并在室温下放置并24h即得。
步骤1)和2)中的添加水的量使混合料保持浆料状态即可。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术效果为:
1)针对现有吸声建筑材料中存在的缺陷,本发明提供一种利用污泥和煤矸石等固体废弃物作为主要材料的环保吸声建筑材料,材料呈现多孔状结构,材料的表面和内部存在较均匀的孔隙,且孔隙率较高时,材料的吸声效果更好。这样,当声波传至材料表面时,部分被反射,部分进入材料内部,在孔隙中与孔壁之间多次的碰撞反射,使声能耗散;
2)含水率60%左右的城市污泥可以替代粘土,并通过水泥的固定作用,形成具有一定强度的建筑材料,满足建筑需求;
3)本发明中,所述板材和面材之间结合使用,这样得到的双层结构更加结实、吸声效果更好;
4)本发明制备工艺简单,无需高温煅烧,制得的产品吸声系数达到0.80,同时亦能使固体废物回收利用。
具体实施方式
以下将通过实施例具体说明本发明,但这些具体实施方案不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种环保吸声建筑板材,所述板材为由面材层和底材层组成的双层多孔结构,所述面材层是由建筑垃圾再生细骨料、煤矸石、水泥、石灰和污泥制备而成;所述底材层是由建筑垃圾再生细骨料、水泥和污泥制备而成;底材层和面材层二者的厚度比为1.25:1,且二者的质量比为4:1。
其中,面材层各原料的重量份数为:水泥30份,污泥25份,煤矸石23份,建筑垃圾再生细骨料15份,石灰7份。所述底材层中,各原料的重量份比例为:建筑垃圾再生细骨料35份、水泥40和污泥25份。
所述建筑垃圾再生细骨料是由建筑废物和/或构筑废物中的混凝土、砂浆、石和砖瓦加工得到的粒径为2~4.5mm的颗粒。
所述煤矸石的重量百分比组成为:SiO2 52%~60%、Al2O3 15%~22%、Fe2O3 4%~12%、MgO 0.5%~1.2%、CaO 1%~2%、Na2O 0.1%~0.3%,烧失量1.5%~2.5%,其余为杂质。
所述污泥为城镇污水处理厂含水率60%的污泥。
所述石灰的重量百分比组成为:CaO 70%~92%,C≤0.5%,S≤0.06%;所述石灰的细度为180~200目。
所述水泥的重量百分比组成为:SiO2 20%~25%,Al2O3 3%~5%,Fe2O3 2.5%~3.5%,MgO 0.8%~1.2%,CaO 60%~75%;Na2O 0.1%~0.2%,烧失量1.4%~2%,其余为杂质。
其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将建筑垃圾再生细骨料和水泥按比例混合后,加入含水率60%的城镇污水厂污泥和水继续混合得到底材层混合料浆;
2)将建筑垃圾再生细骨料、煤矸石、水泥和石灰按比例混合后,加入含水率60%的城镇污水厂污泥与水继续混合得到面材层混合料浆;
3)将底材层混合料浆置于模具底部,面材层混合料浆置于底材层混合料浆上,常温下压制成型,成型过程中采用的激振力为80~100KN,保持时间为1min;
4)成型后取出105℃烘干并在室温下放置并24h即得。
实施例2
一种环保吸声建筑材料及其制备方法,同实施例1,不同之处在于,面材层各原料的重量份数为:水泥35份,污泥25份,煤矸石22份,建筑垃圾再生细骨料10份,石灰8份;所述底材层中,各原料的重量份比例为:建筑垃圾再生细骨料45份、水泥35和污泥20份。底材层和面材层的厚度比为1.7:1,底材层混合料与面材层混合料的质量比为3:1。
实施例3
一种环保吸声建筑材料及其制备方法,同实施例1,与实施例1的不同之处在于,面材层各原料的重量份数为:水泥25份,污泥28份,煤矸石24份,建筑垃圾再生细骨料18份,石灰5份;所述底材层中,各原料的重量份比例为:建筑垃圾再生细骨料35份、水泥30和污泥35份底材层和面材层的厚度比为2.5:1,底材层混合料与面材层混合料的质量比为3.5:1。
性能测试
1、吸声系数和隔声量测试
对以上各实施例制得的吸声建筑板材进行吸声系数和隔声量测试,并以专利CN01107650中公开的吸声材料作为对照。性能测试数据结果见表1所示,其中,吸声系数测试按照驻波管法(GB/T 18696.2-2002)检测,隔声量测试条件为试样厚度4cm,声源频率300Hz.。
表1性能测试数据结果
由表1的测试结果可知,采用本发明制得的吸声材料吸声、隔声效果均要好与对照例。
Claims (5)
1.一种环保吸声建筑板材,其特征在于,所述板材为由面材层和底材层组成的双层多孔结构,所述面材层是由建筑垃圾再生细骨料、煤矸石、水泥、石灰和污泥制备而成;所述底材层是由建筑垃圾再生细骨料、水泥和污泥制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保吸声建筑板材,其特征在于,所述面材层中,各原料的重量份比例为:水泥25~40份、污泥20~30份、煤矸石20~30份、建筑垃圾再生细骨料10~20份和石灰5~10份;上述原料之和为100份;所述底材层中,各原料的重量份比例为:建筑垃圾再生细骨料35~45份、水泥30~40和污泥20~35份;上述原料之和为100份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保吸声建筑板材,其特征在于,所述底材层和面材层二者的厚度比为(1.25~2.5):1,且二者的质量比为(2~4):1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保吸声建筑板材,其特征在于,所述污泥为含水率60%的城镇污水厂。
5.权利要求1或2或3或4所述的环保吸声建筑板材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将建筑垃圾再生细骨料和水泥按比例混合后,加入污泥和水继续混合得到底材层混合料浆;
2)将建筑垃圾再生细骨料、煤矸石、水泥和石灰按比例混合后,加入污泥与水继续混合得到面材层混合料浆;
3)将底材层混合料浆置于模具底部,面材层混合料浆置于底材层混合料浆之上,常温下压制成型,压制成型过程中采用的激振力为80~100KN,保持时间为1min;
4)成型后取出烘干并在室温下放置并24h即得。
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