CN106886020B - A kind of electromagnetism vortex imaging method under the conditions of single antenna reception - Google Patents
A kind of electromagnetism vortex imaging method under the conditions of single antenna reception Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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Abstract
The present invention provides the electromagnetism vortex imaging method under the conditions of a kind of single antenna reception.The technical scheme comprises the following steps: the first step, and N number of identical antenna is evenly spaced on circumference and constitutes emission array；Second step successively emits different frequency using emission array, the electromagnetism of different orbital angular momentum mode is vortexed, each secondary target echo of single antenna reception positioned at emission array center.The amplitude and phase information of each received target echo forms frequency-orbital angular momentum mode two dimension echo data.Third step carries out phase compensation processing to the two-dimentional echo data received according to emission array parameter and the prior information at target pitch angle, obtains pretreated two-dimentional echo data.4th step carries out two-dimensional Fourier transform to pretreated two-dimentional echo data, obtains the range-azimuth angle two dimensional image of target.Receive process of the present invention are simple, it is easy to accomplish, it can offer reference for the development of target identification, new system radar imaging technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave Imaging Technique fields, especially electromagnetism vortex imaging technique, relate more particularly to utilize
Single antenna reception echo carries out electromagnetism vortex imaging.
Background technique
Radar imaging technology is not limited by natural conditions, in fields such as Space Target Surveillance, remote sensing mapping, oceanographic observations
There is very important application.Existing high-resolution imaging radar is all based on distance-Doppler principle, orientation point mostly
Resolution depends on radar observation angular field of view.In practical applications, it is sometimes desirable between carrying out long-time not to a certain key area
Disconnected static observation, it is this stare observation condition under, the imaging technique under distance-Doppler frame is difficult to obtain high orientation point
Resolution.
Orbital angular momentum is an important physical quantity of electromagnetic wave, carries the electromagnetic wave of orbital angular momentum due to the phases such as its
Plane has spatially spiral structure, and referred to as electromagnetism is vortexed.The electromagnetism that there is dimensional orientation phase to rely on is pointed out from L.Allen et al.
Since wave beam carries orbital angular momentum, electromagnetism is vortexed in particle manipulation, quantum information processing, wireless communication and radar detection
Equal fields are widely studied and applied.Radar target imaging is carried out using the helical phase wavefront properties that electromagnetism is vortexed
Electromagnetism, which is vortexed, is imaged (Kang Liu, Yongqiang Cheng, Zhaocheng Yang, Hongqiang Wang, Yuliang
Qin,and Xiang Li,“Orbital-angular-momentum-based electromagnetic vortex
imaging,”IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters,vol.14,pp.711-714,2015.)
It is a kind of new microwave staring imaging method, which has the advantage independent of radar and target relative movement.Electricity
The phase front of vortex is no longer plane, but shows the helical structure of spatial warping.Carry different orbital angular momentums
Electromagnetism, which is vortexed, has different phase twist structures, is vortexed with the electromagnetism for carrying different orbital angular momentums and irradiates target, Ke Yi
Changeable radiation pattern is formed in the air, provides physical basis for azimuth of target high-resolution.But this method is mainly in battle array
Under array antenna condition of acceptance carry out target range-azimuth angle two-dimensional imaging (Tiezhu Yuan, Hongqiang Wang,
Yuliang Qin and Yongqiang Cheng,“Electromagnetic Vortex Imaging Using Uniform
Concentric Circular Arrays,”IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters,
vol.15,pp.1024-1027,2016.).In array received, each antenna needs receives echo-signal simultaneously, each day
Timing tracking accuracy between line has a significant impact to image quality, implements complex.When target pitch angle is smaller,
Directly carrying out imaging to the echo of single antenna reception not can be carried out target bearing resolution.
Summary of the invention
How the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to returned using the target that the electromagnetism of single antenna reception is vortexed under irradiation
Wave realizes azimuth discrimination imaging when target pitch angle is smaller.
The basic idea of the invention is that: different frequency is emitted by emission array, carries different orbital angular momentum mode
Electromagnetism, which is vortexed, irradiates opposing stationary target, using single antenna reception frequency-orbital angular momentum mode two dimension echo, according to transmitting
Array parameter and target pitch angle information carry out phase compensation pretreatment to received two-dimentional echo, finally utilize two-dimentional Fourier
Transform method carries out imaging.
Technical solution of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, specifically includes the following steps:
N number of identical antenna is evenly spaced on circumference and constitutes emission array by the first step.
Second step is successively emitted the electromagnetism vortex of different frequency, different orbital angular momentum mode using emission array, is located at
Each secondary target echo of the single antenna reception at emission array center.The amplitude and phase information of each received target echo is formed
Frequency-orbital angular momentum mode two dimension echo data.
Third step, according to emission array parameter and the prior information at target pitch angle to the two-dimentional echo data received into
Row phase compensation processing obtains pretreated two-dimentional echo data.
4th step carries out two-dimensional Fourier transform to pretreated two-dimentional echo data, obtains the range-azimuth of target
Angle two dimensional image.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention utilizes the different frequency difference orbital angular momentum mode of single antenna reception
Two-dimentional echo data carries out target two-dimensional imaging, and electromagnetism vortex wave beam has spiral phase front, can carry more rich
Rich target bearing distributed intelligence.After receiving target two dimension echo data, emission array parameter and target pitch angle are utilized
Prior information to two-dimentional echo data compensate an additive phase, can be obtained using simple two-dimensional Fourier transform method
The range-azimuth angle two dimensional image of target.Compared to array receiving method, single antenna reception process is simple, does not synchronize received
It is required that, it is easy to accomplish.In addition, this method is independent of opposite between target and radar in traditional RANGE-DOPPLER IMAGING principle
Radial motion, stare/forward sight observation condition under realize the two-dimensional imaging of target, can for target identification, new system radar at
As the development of technology is offered reference.
Attached drawing (table) explanation
Fig. 1 is the electromagnetism vortex imaging method flow diagram under the conditions of single antenna reception of the present invention；
Electromagnetism vortex imaging geometry when Fig. 2 is single antenna reception of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is azimuth dimension point spread function before echo preprocessing；
Fig. 4 is echo preprocessing back side dimension point spread function；
Fig. 5 is the numerical simulation imaging results of the method for the invention；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail With reference to embodiment.
N number of identical antenna is equally spaced arranged on the circumference that a radius is R, forms emission array by the first step.
Antenna number N and array radius R are arranged according to imaging demand, in general, antenna number N is bigger, the electromagnetism whirlpool that emission array generates
The orbital angular momentum mode type for revolving carrying is more, and array radius R is smaller, and the electromagnetism vortex secondary lobe of generation is fewer.To emit battle array
Column center is coordinate origin, and emission array is placed in XOY plane, radar observation space coordinates XYZ is established, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show.In Fig. 2, each short arrow indicates an antenna, places N number of transmitting antenna on circumference shown in dotted line, puts at coordinate origin O
A receiving antenna is set, the electromagnetism wave direction Z-direction that transmitting antenna issues is propagated.If n-th of transmitting antenna azimuth is 2 π n/
N, n are transmitting antenna serial number, n=1,2 ..., N.Each satellite transmitted frequencies and the identical single frequency excitation signal of amplitude, each excitation letter
Number initial phase is the product of the orbital angular momentum mode of transmitting antenna azimuth and setting.In order to generate frequency f0, track angle
Momentum mode l0Electromagnetism be vortexed, it is desirable that each transmitting antenna exciting signal frequency be f0, n-th of transmitting antenna initial phase beThe electric field strength E of any point A in above-mentioned XYZ coordinate systemsIt can indicate are as follows:
Wherein i is imaginary unit, and r, θ, φ are respectively the distance of point A, pitching, azimuthal coordinates, k0=2 π f0/ c indicates transmitting
Simple signal wave number, c be vacuum in light spread speed,Indicate l0Rank Bessel function of the first kind.
Second step, according to array configuration described in the first step, successively tranmitting frequency is fp, orbital angular momentum mode be lq's
Electromagnetism, which is vortexed, irradiates target.Wherein p=1,2 ..., P, q=1,2 ..., Q, P, Q are respectively frequency and orbital angular momentum mode
Dimension.Assuming that target includes M ideal scattering point, the backscattering coefficient of m-th of scattering point is σm, coordinate be (rm,θm,
φm), m=1,2 ..., M.When tranmitting frequency is fp, orbital angular momentum mode be lqElectromagnetism be vortexed irradiation target when, single antenna
The secondary target echo received can indicate are as follows:
Wherein kp=2 π fp/ c,Indicate lqRank Bessel function of the first kind.Successively change tranmitting frequency and track angle
Momentum mode, the target echo received after obtained all P × Q electromagnetism vortex irradiation form two-dimentional echo data SPQ。
Third step, due to echo envelope in formula (2)Symbol with lqVariation directly carries out two
When tieing up Fourier transformation, the PSF (Point Spread Function, point spread function) of azimuth dimension does not have peak value, Bu Nengti
For azimuth discrimination.Fig. 3 gives the PSF of azimuth dimension before phase compensation, and abscissa is azimuth, and ordinate is that normalization PSF is big
Small, curve is PSF numerical value as azimuthal change curve, this curve do not have single peak value in figure, cannot provide orientation point
Distinguish ability.
For receiving data s every timepq, phase Ψ is calculated first with formula (3):
Then by echo data spqMultiplied by the phase Ψ as shown in formula (3), then the azimuth dimension PSF recalculated will be zero
Occurs single peak value at azimuth, as shown in Figure 4.Fig. 4 gives the PSF of phase compensation back side dimension, and abscissa is azimuth,
Ordinate is normalization PSF size, and curve is PSF numerical value with azimuthal change curve in figure, and the PSF of this feature can
Orientation resolution capability is provided.
Finally, being l to orbital angular momentum modeqEcho data multiplied byJust obtain pretreated two-dimentional echo
Data.
4th step carries out two-dimensional Fourier transform processing to pretreated two-dimentional echo data, target can be obtained
Range-azimuth angle two dimensional image.
Fig. 5 is the imaging results of the emulation experiment carried out using the present invention.Array radius R=0.15m, each antenna transmitting letter
Number frequency range is 9.8~10GHz, frequency interval 10MHz, emits the signal of 21 kinds of frequencies, i.e. P=21 altogether.Target is by four
A backscattering coefficient σmIt is 1 ideal scattering point composition, i.e. M=4；Distance is divided into 1m between, and azimuthal separation is 0.2 π,
Image-forming range is 1000m.Snr of received signal is set as 15dB.Abscissa indicates azimuth in Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 5 (b), single
Position is π radian, and ordinate indicates distance, and unit is rice, and bright spot indicates to reconstruct the scattering point come in figure.Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 5 (b)
Different orbital angular momentum modality ranges, orbital angular momentum mode round numbers is respectively adopted.Transmitting antenna number N=in Fig. 5 (a)
16, orbital angular momentum mode takes the integer between -7 to 7, i.e. Q=15, and target pitch angle is 11 degree,.Transmitting antenna in Fig. 5 (b)
Number N=32, orbital angular momentum mode take the integer between -15 to 15, i.e. Q=31, and target pitch angle is 16 degree.The knot of Fig. 5
Fruit shows that the two-dimensional electromagnetic under the conditions of single antenna reception may be implemented in imaging method proposed by the present invention is vortexed imaging.Comparison diagram 5
(a) it can see with the imaging results of Fig. 5 (b), scattering point is less than the width in Fig. 5 (a) in the angular width in orientation in Fig. 5 (b)
Degree illustrates that electromagnetism vortex imaging azimuth resolution can be promoted by increasing the orbital angular momentum modality range used.
Claims (1)
1. the electromagnetism vortex imaging method under the conditions of a kind of single antenna reception is connect when target pitch angle is smaller using single antenna
Receive the target echo that electromagnetism is vortexed under irradiation, which comprises the following steps:
N number of identical antenna is evenly spaced on circumference and constitutes emission array by the first step；
Second step is successively emitted the electromagnetism vortex of different frequency, different orbital angular momentum mode using emission array, is located at transmitting
Each secondary target echo of the single antenna reception of array center；The amplitude and phase information of each received target echo forms frequency-
Orbital angular momentum mode two dimension echo data；
Third step carries out phase to the two-dimentional echo data received according to emission array parameter and the prior information at target pitch angle
Position compensation deals when compensation deals, first return two dimension according to the phase that echo envelope Bessel function of the first kind is calculated
Then wave number carries out benefit related with orbital angular momentum modal parameter to compensated two-dimentional echo data again according to compensating
It repays, obtains pretreated two-dimentional echo data；
4th step carries out two-dimensional Fourier transform to pretreated two-dimentional echo data, obtains the range-azimuth angle two of target
Tie up image.
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| CN112904347B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2023-05-26 | 鹏城实验室 | Imaging system and method |
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| CN113156430B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-07-28 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Human body target gait fine recognition method based on vortex electromagnetic wave radar |
| CN114674247B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-03-15 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Target azimuth angle measurement method based on vortex beam OAM phase spectrum |
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