CN106885944A - A kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method and device for droop control - Google Patents
A kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method and device for droop control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method and device for droop control, the method is comprised the following steps：S1：Some groups of disturbance voltage signals are set, and using disturbance voltage signal as vertical controller reference voltage；S2：Measurement obtains the output voltage and output current of DC DC converters output；S3：The multigroup output voltage and output current obtained according to current-voltage correlation equation and step S2 measurements, obtain each distributed energy storage unit to the line impedance between dc bus；The line impedance negative sense that step S3 is obtained is compensated into the sagging resistance of correspondence droop control device.Compared with prior art, the present invention is on the basis of traditional droop control, any extra measurement apparatus need not be added, realize the accurate measurement of line impedance, and then sagging coefficient is modified, reduce influence of the line impedance to droop control, it is ensured that the reasonability of sharing of load, busbar voltage quality is improved simultaneously, improves the stability of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distributed generation technology field, more particularly, to a kind of direct-current micro-grid circuit for droop control
Impedance detection method and device.
Background technology
With the development of new energy, large-scale photovoltaic blower fan accesses power network into inexorable trend, but thus to conventional electric power
The influence that system is caused is very important, and micro-capacitance sensor can be reduced effectively as a kind of efficient form for coordinating control distributed power source
Influence of the distributed power source to power system.Micro-capacitance sensor can be divided into exchange micro-capacitance sensor and DC micro-electric according to busbar voltage difference
Net.Relative to exchange micro-capacitance sensor, direct-current grid has efficient, economy, the characteristics of simple, has therefore suffered from extensive concern.
Micro-capacitance sensor includes net, source, lotus, four parts of storage, and major control aims at common coordinated operation, maintains busbar voltage
Stabilization, that is, maintain system internal power balance.Wherein distributed power source is connected to dc bus parallel by converters,
Therefore how to realize that load reasonable distribution between distributed power source is the key point of micro-capacitance sensor control.Traditional load distribution method bag
Include centralized and distributed two kinds.Wherein, each unit information is uploaded to central controller by centralization by interconnection line, by center
Control command to each unit is assigned after controller analyzing and processing, being uniformly controlled for each parallel units is realized；Distribution only needs to use
Local information is to be capable of achieving the autonomous distribution of load, therefore is easier to realize dilatation, and wherein droop control is a kind of widely used
Method.
But in droop control, sharing of load and voltage control tend not to take into account, and, existing control method is mostly ignored
The influence that line impedance is brought, but in systems in practice, line impedance simultaneously can non-fully be ignored, system neutral roadlock is anti-
In the presence of can not only influence sharing of load, busbar voltage quality can be also influenceed, use low-speed communication line or dilute more existing solution
The information between order wire exchange each unit is dredged, and then realizes accurate sharing of load.
1. in direct-current micro-grid, sharing of load and quality of voltage are influenceed larger by line impedance during using droop control.
2. centerized fusion is used, it is higher to central controller requirement, if central controller goes wrong, own in system
The equal cisco unity malfunction of unit, therefore the reliability of system is poor.
3. high-speed communication line is either used in centralized Control, or improves the low-speed communication line used in droop control,
The addition of order wire can increase system cost, while being unfavorable for System Expansion.
For these reasons, the use of order wire is only prevented completely, truly distributed power source could be realized
Plug and play, truly realize N+1 redundant backup functions, improve the reliability of system.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of for droop control for the defect for overcoming above-mentioned prior art to exist
Direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method and device, on the basis of traditional droop control, without adding any extra measurement dress
Put, realize the accurate measurement of line impedance, and then sagging coefficient is modified, reduce shadow of the line impedance to droop control
Ring, it is ensured that the reasonability of sharing of load, while improving busbar voltage quality, improve the stability of system.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method for droop control, several distributed energy storages in direct-current micro-grid
Unit is connected to dc bus through DC-DC converter, and the DC-DC converter is included using droop control device control, the method
Following steps：
S1：Some groups of disturbance voltage signals are set, and some groups of disturbance voltage signals are added sequentially to distributed energy storage
In the reference voltage of unit output；
S2：Measurement obtain the corresponding distributed energy storage unit of every group of disturbance voltage signal through DC-DC converter export it is defeated
Go out voltage VoWith output current io；
S3：The multigroup output voltage and output current obtained according to current-voltage correlation equation and step S2 measurements, obtain
Each distributed energy storage unit to the line impedance r between dc bus, the voltage-current relationship equation meets below equation：
rn*io,n-Vo,n+Vpcc=0
In formula, subscript n represents the numbering of distributed energy storage unit, rnRepresent that n-th distributed energy storage unit is female to direct current
Line impedance between line, io,nRepresent the output current that n-th distributed energy storage unit is exported through DC-DC converter, Vo,nRepresent
The output voltage that n-th distributed energy storage unit is exported through DC-DC converter, VpccRepresent point of common coupling electricity at dc bus
Pressure；
The line impedance negative sense that step S3 is obtained is compensated to the DC-DC converter of correspondence distributed energy storage unit connection
In the sagging resistance of vertical controller.
The sagging coefficients R ' of the droop control device after negative sense compensationdMeet below equation：
R′d=Rd-r
In formula, RdRepresent the initial sagging coefficient of droop control device.
The initial sagging coefficients R of the droop control devicedMeet below equation：
In formula, Δ VmaxRepresent the maximum permissible voltage landing of dc bus, INRepresent the specified electricity of distributed energy storage unit
Stream.
The distributed energy storage unit number of the direct-current micro-grid of the method application is more than 5.
A kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection means for droop control includes：
Disturbance injection unit, for setting some groups of disturbance voltage signals, and some groups of disturbance voltage signals is added successively
Enter in the reference voltage of distributed energy storage unit output；
Voltage and current measurement unit, the corresponding distributed energy storage unit warp of every group of disturbance voltage signal is obtained for measuring
The output voltage V of DC-DC converter outputoWith output current io；
Line impedance computing unit, for what is obtained according to current-voltage correlation equation and voltage and current measurement unit measurement
Multigroup output voltage and output current, obtain each distributed energy storage unit to the line impedance r between dc bus, the voltage
Current relationship equation meets below equation：
rn*io,n-Vo,n+Vpcc=0
In formula, subscript n represents the numbering of distributed energy storage unit, rnRepresent that n-th distributed energy storage unit is female to direct current
Line impedance between line, io,nRepresent the output current that n-th distributed energy storage unit is exported through DC-DC converter, Vo,nRepresent
The output voltage that n-th distributed energy storage unit is exported through DC-DC converter, VpccRepresent point of common coupling electricity at dc bus
Pressure；
Compensating unit, the line impedance negative sense for being obtained according to line impedance computing unit measurement is compensated to correspondence and is distributed
In the sagging resistance of the droop control device of the DC-DC converter of formula energy-storage units connection.
The sagging coefficients R ' of the droop control device after negative sense compensationdMeet below equation：
R′d=Rd-r
In formula, RdRepresent the initial sagging coefficient of droop control device.
The initial sagging coefficients R of the droop control devicedMeet below equation：
In formula, Δ VmaxRepresent the maximum permissible voltage landing of dc bus, INRepresent the specified electricity of distributed energy storage unit
Stream.
The distributed energy storage unit number of the direct-current micro-grid of the device application is more than 5.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
1) direct-current grid operation characteristic is made full use of, measuring method is simple, only need to be using existing in droop control
Voltage sensor, current sensor, without adding additional sensors, low cost；
2) without interconnected communication line, further reduces cost, while improve system reliability；
3) line impedance being calculated using route survey device, in negative sense compensation to sagging resistance, so as to eliminate line
The anti-influence to system of roadlock, tests prove that, current capacity assignment accuracy can be effectively improved, improve quality of voltage；
4) distributed energy storage unit uses this device, can real meaning Shangdi realize the plug and play of distributed power source；
5) can arbitrarily increase the power output of distributed power source, realize N+1 redundant backup functions, improve micro-grid system can
By property.
6) the distributed energy storage unit number of the direct-current micro-grid of the method application is more than 5, as therefore system unit is got over
Many, equivalent capacity is bigger, measures more accurate.
7) the droop control coefficient of the method application is inversely proportional with distributed energy storage cell capability, and its value is by distributed power source
Output rated current and the landing of bus maximum permissible voltage determine, take into account busbar voltage pressure drop and flow effect...
8) the method belongs to active mensuration, that is, be actively added disturbance, and realizes measurement compensation, and advantage is without addition
Any additional hardware measurement apparatus, such as voltage-current sensor, merely with hard ware measure device in droop control method
Realize.
9) conventional line impedance detection method, the detection for having electric network impedance in light current net direction at present, substantially namely
Using the method for harmonic electric current, also have a little it should be noted that light current net electric network impedance hinders with circuit mentioned herein in addition
Anti- to have essential difference, line impedance is actual physical impedance herein, and in light current net, electric network impedance not only includes transmission line
Impedance, also including power network internal driving, transformer impedance.And the direct-current micro-grid of the method application is straight-flow system, and light current net
It is AC system.I.e. this method is only applicable to direct current micro-grid system, while the method for light current net detection electric network impedance is not suitable for
The measurement of line impedance herein.
10) line impedance that measurement is obtained carries out negative sense compensation in being added directly to control system, and measured value is got over and connect
Nearly actual value, distributes more favourable to system loading.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is direct-current grid exemplary block diagram；
Fig. 2 is the inventive method control flow chart；
Fig. 3 is two DG parallel equivalent circuit diagrams；
Fig. 4 is two DG parallel equivalent circuit diagrams using measurement process of the present invention and compensation principle；
Wherein, figure (4a) is two DG parallel equivalent circuit diagrams after injection disturbance, and figure (4b) is detection Current Voltage, meter
Calculation obtains line impedance and carries out two DG parallel equivalent circuit diagrams of negative sense compensation, and figure (4c) is two after compensated line impedance
Platform DG parallel equivalent circuit diagrams；
Fig. 5 is the busbar voltage curve map of traditional droop control in l-G simulation test；
Fig. 6 is the busbar voltage curve map after adding measurement to compensate in l-G simulation test；
Fig. 7 is two DC-DC converter output current curve maps of traditional droop control in l-G simulation test；
Fig. 8 is two DC-DC converter output current curve maps after adding measurement to compensate in l-G simulation test.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, give detailed implementation method and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
Fig. 1 show direct-current grid exemplary block diagram, and dc bus (DC BUS) passes through circuit by net, source, lotus, Chu Si
It is attached partially to together.Net, i.e. system bulk power grid, are connected by two-way DC-AC converters, breaker with microgrid, microgrid work
It is related to this in grid-connected or off-network；Source, i.e. distributed power generation (DG, distributed generator), including photovoltaic, wind
The green energy resources such as machine, are connected by booster converter etc. with dc bus, there is MPPT (MPPT maximum power point tracking) and constant pressure source two
Plant operation mode；Lotus (Load), including two parts, sensitive load and non-sensitive load, wherein non-sensitive load is supplied not in system
The effect of reliable excision maintenance system stabilization should be played when should ask, the electric automobile that energy in bidirectional flow is capable of achieving in addition is also attributed to
Load；Storage, i.e. distributed power source (DER, distrituted energy resource), i.e. battery and super capacitor, pass through
Bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected to dc bus, there is constant pressure source and limit two kinds of mode of operations of Power operation, plays and calms down direct current mother
The effect of line voltage fluctuation.To ensure system power balance, maintain busbar voltage in normal range (NR), four parts should coordinate fortune
OK.The present invention in the case of off-network, exert oneself more than load, and simultaneity factor energy storage is each filled with state by distributed power source, distributed
Sharing of load problem between power supply.The presence of line impedance can influence sharing of load between each unit and bus in Fig. 3, enter below
Row is discussed in detail.
Be illustrated in figure 3 two DG parallel equivalent circuit diagrams, the implication that each variable is represented in figure as：
Vref1：The voltage set-point of the first DC-DC converter；
Vref2：The voltage set-point of the second DC-DC converter；
Vo1：The output voltage of the first DC-DC converter；
Vo2：The output voltage of the second DC-DC converter；
Vpcc：The magnitude of voltage of point of common coupling in direct-current micro-grid；
io1：The output current of the first DC-DC converter；
io2：The output current of the second DC-DC converter；
Rd1：The sagging coefficient of the first DC-DC converter；
Rd2：The sagging coefficient of the second DC-DC converter；
r1：First DC-DC converter is to PCC point (point of common coupling) line impedance, line impedance to be measured；
r2：Second DC-DC converter is to PCC point line impedances, line impedance to be measured；
RL：Micro-grid system equivalent load resistance.
Wherein, general Vref1With Vref2Equal, sagging coefficient is inversely proportional with distributed power source capacity, and its value is by distributed electrical
Source exports rated current and the landing of bus maximum permissible voltage is determined, is shown below：
Wherein, RdIt is sagging coefficient；INIt is distributed power source rated current；ΔVmaxFor maximum permissible voltage lands.
According to Kirchoff s voltage current law, following relational expression can be obtained：
Various simultaneous solution can be obtained more than：
From above formula, due to the presence of line impedance, each converter output current can not be fully according to given sagging
Resistance carries out sharing of load, and it is seen that the presence of line impedance can equally cause the further decline of busbar voltage.
Line impedance detection method of the present invention, the line impedance being calculated using line impedance detection means, negative sense is mended
In repaying sagging resistance, so as to eliminate influence of the line impedance to system.Several distributed energy storage units warp in direct-current micro-grid
DC-DC converter is connected to dc bus, DC-DC converter using droop control device control, distributed energy storage unit be DG or
DER etc., as shown in Fig. 2 the line impedance detection method is comprised the following steps：
S1：Some groups of disturbance voltage signals are set, and some groups of disturbance voltage signals are added sequentially to distributed energy storage
In the reference voltage of unit output；
S2：Measurement obtain the corresponding distributed energy storage unit of every group of disturbance voltage signal through DC-DC converter export it is defeated
Go out voltage VoWith output current io；
S3：The multigroup output voltage and output current obtained according to current-voltage correlation equation and step S2 measurements, obtain
Each distributed energy storage unit to the line impedance r between dc bus, voltage-current relationship equation meets below equation：
rn*io,n-Vo,n+Vpcc=0
In formula, subscript n represents the numbering of distributed energy storage unit, rnRepresent that n-th distributed energy storage unit is female to direct current
Line impedance between line, io,nRepresent the output current that n-th distributed energy storage unit is exported through DC-DC converter, Vo,nRepresent
The output voltage that n-th distributed energy storage unit is exported through DC-DC converter, VpccRepresent point of common coupling electricity at dc bus
Pressure；
The line impedance negative sense that step S3 is obtained is compensated to the DC-DC converter of correspondence distributed energy storage unit connection
In the sagging resistance of vertical controller.
The sagging coefficients R ' of the droop control device after negative sense compensationdMeet below equation：
R′d=Rd-r
In formula, RdRepresent the initial sagging coefficient of droop control device.
The initial sagging coefficients R of droop control devicedMeet below equation：
In formula, Δ VmaxRepresent the maximum permissible voltage landing of dc bus, INRepresent the specified electricity of distributed energy storage unit
Stream.
The line impedance measuring method for herein proposing, each unit operation characteristic when making full use of direct-current micro-grid off-grid operation,
The line impedance detection means that the above method is used, except including voltage x current controller, the droop control in traditional droop control
Outside device, also including disturbance injection unit, voltage and current measurement unit, line impedance computing unit, the part of compensating unit four, its
In,
Disturbance injection unit is for producing some groups of disturbance voltage signals necessary to measurement and some groups of disturbances are electric
Pressure signal is added sequentially in the control system reference voltage of distributed energy storage unit output；
Voltage and current measurement unit, after producing disturbance voltage signal, measurement obtains every group of disturbance voltage signal correspondence
The output voltage V that is exported through DC-DC converter of distributed energy storage unitoWith output current io；
Line impedance computing unit, for what is obtained according to current-voltage correlation equation and voltage and current measurement unit measurement
Multigroup output voltage and output current, obtain each distributed energy storage unit to the line impedance r between dc bus；
Compensating unit, the line impedance negative sense for being obtained according to line impedance computing unit measurement is compensated to correspondence and is distributed
In the sagging resistance of the droop control device of the DC-DC converter of formula energy-storage units connection, so as to eliminate line impedance to system
Influence.
Each distributed power source maintains busbar voltage in micro-capacitance sensor, and now energy-storage units work in current source mode, energy storage list
Unit connects the constant power load input lateral capacitance in DC/DC converters output lateral capacitance, and system loading, can ensure mother
Line voltage is constant within the ms times, and equivalent capacity is bigger, and the time is more long, therefore system unit is more, and equivalent capacity is bigger,
Measurement is more accurate, and the distributed energy storage unit number of the direct-current micro-grid of the device application, can more than 5, such as 7 in the present invention
To reach the line impedance of higher precision so that control effect is more preferably.
As shown in (4a) in Fig. 4, by taking the first DC-DC converter as an example, make converter output voltage that momentary fluctuation to occur
Vdisturb, it is assumed that VpccBecause postponing to fluctuate, output voltage, the output current of converter are detected.
Assuming that the output voltage before the injection of the first DC-DC converter disturbance voltage and after injection is respectively Vo1And Vo1', it is defeated
Go out electric current respectively io1And io1', meet following equation：
r1·io1-Vo1+Vpcc=0
r1·io1′-Vo1′+Vpcc=0
Two formula simultaneous can be obtained,
Try to achieve line impedance r1Afterwards, compensation-r in circuit1, as shown in Figure 4 b.Addition-r1Afterwards, line impedance can be eliminated
The influence caused to stream, two DG parallel equivalent circuit diagrams after being compensated, as illustrated in fig. 4 c.
Emulation of the invention is illustrated below：
To check effect of the invention, two are built in matlab/simulink with capacity distributed power source electricity in parallel
Road simulation model.Wherein busbar voltage 400V, rated capacity 8kW, maximum permissible voltage deviation takes 5%, then two distributed electricals
The sagging coefficient in source is 1, and the first distributed power source to line impedance between bus is 2.9 Ω, the second distributed power source to bus electricity
Line impedance is 1.5 Ω between pressure, and load resistance is 20 Ω.Result using measurement circuitry impedance of the present invention is as shown in the table：
As can be known from the above table, relative error all very littles of the measured value of two line impedances and actual value, illustrate of the invention
Measurement result is accurately and reliably.
Fig. 5 show traditional droop control busbar voltage simulation curve, it can be seen that traditional droop control method is because of line
The anti-influence of roadlock and cause busbar voltage to decline.Fig. 6 show the busbar voltage simulation curve after adding negative sense compensation, from figure
In it can be seen that add negative sense compensation after, busbar voltage is significantly raised, smaller with voltage reference value deviation, and quality of voltage is obtained
Improve.
Fig. 7 show two output current simulation curves of traditional droop control of DC-DC converter, and two DC-DC become
The output current numerical difference of parallel operation is not big, it is impossible to realize the droop control effect of current balance, and Fig. 8 show two DC-DC and becomes
Parallel operation adds output current curve after negative sense compensation, and the output current value of two DC-DC converters is of substantially equal as we know from the figure,
Illustrate that the present invention makes bearing power obtain accurate distribution, and effectively inhibit the circulation between converter.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method for droop control, several distributed energy storage lists in direct-current micro-grid
Unit is connected to dc bus through DC-DC converter, and the DC-DC converter is using droop control device control, it is characterised in that should
Method is comprised the following steps：
S1：Some groups of disturbance voltage signals are set, and some groups of disturbance voltage signals are added sequentially to distributed energy storage unit
In the reference voltage of output；
S2：It is electric through output that DC-DC converter export that measurement obtains the corresponding distributed energy storage unit of every group of disturbance voltage signal
Pressure VoWith output current io；
S3：The multigroup output voltage and output current obtained according to current-voltage correlation equation and step S2 measurements, obtain each
Distributed energy storage unit to the line impedance r between dc bus, the voltage-current relationship equation meets below equation：
rn*io,n-Vo,n+Vpcc=0
In formula, subscript n represents the numbering of distributed energy storage unit, rnRepresent n-th distributed energy storage unit between dc bus
Line impedance, io,nRepresent the output current that n-th distributed energy storage unit is exported through DC-DC converter, Vo,nRepresent n-th point
The output voltage that cloth energy-storage units are exported through DC-DC converter, VpccRepresent point of common coupling voltage at dc bus；
The line impedance negative sense that step S3 is obtained compensates the sagging control of the DC-DC converter to the unit connection of correspondence distributed energy storage
In the sagging resistance of device processed.
2. a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method for droop control according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the sagging coefficients R ' of the droop control device after negative sense compensationdMeet below equation：
R′d=Rd-r
In formula, RdRepresent the initial sagging coefficient of droop control device.
3. a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method for droop control according to claim 2, its feature exists
In the initial sagging coefficients R of the droop control devicedMeet below equation：
In formula, Δ VmaxRepresent the maximum permissible voltage landing of dc bus, INRepresent the rated current of distributed energy storage unit.
4. a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection method for droop control according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the distributed energy storage unit number of the direct-current micro-grid of the method application is more than 5.
5. a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection means for droop control, it is characterised in that the device includes：
Disturbance injection unit, for setting some groups of disturbance voltage signals, and some groups of disturbance voltage signals is added sequentially to
In the reference voltage of distributed energy storage unit output；
Voltage and current measurement unit, the corresponding distributed energy storage unit of every group of disturbance voltage signal is obtained through DC-DC for measuring
The output voltage V of converter outputoWith output current io；
Line impedance computing unit, it is multigroup for what is obtained according to current-voltage correlation equation and voltage and current measurement unit measurement
Output voltage and output current, obtain each distributed energy storage unit to the line impedance r between dc bus, the voltage x current
Relational equation meets below equation：
rn*io,n-Vo,n+Vpcc=0
In formula, subscript n represents the numbering of distributed energy storage unit, rnRepresent n-th distributed energy storage unit between dc bus
Line impedance, io,nRepresent the output current that n-th distributed energy storage unit is exported through DC-DC converter, Vo,nRepresent n-th point
The output voltage that cloth energy-storage units are exported through DC-DC converter, VpccRepresent point of common coupling voltage at dc bus；
Compensating unit, the line impedance negative sense for being obtained according to line impedance computing unit measurement is compensated to the distributed storage of correspondence
In the sagging resistance of the droop control device of the DC-DC converter of energy unit connection.
6. a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection means for droop control according to claim 5, its feature exists
In the sagging coefficients R ' of the droop control device after negative sense compensationdMeet below equation：
R′d=Rd-r
In formula, RdRepresent the initial sagging coefficient of droop control device.
7. a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection means for droop control according to claim 6, its feature exists
In the initial sagging coefficients R of the droop control devicedMeet below equation：
In formula, Δ VmaxRepresent the maximum permissible voltage landing of dc bus, INRepresent the rated current of distributed energy storage unit.
8. a kind of direct-current micro-grid line impedance detection means for droop control according to claim 5, its feature exists
In the distributed energy storage unit number of the direct-current micro-grid of the device application is more than 5.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108599213A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-28 | 上海电力学院 | Consider the improvement control method of more energy storage independent direct current micro-capacitance sensors of mismatch line resistance |
| CN109586304A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-04-05 | 上海电力学院 | Line inductance detection method and device based on ripple characteristics |
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| CN111999563A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-27 | 浙江大学 | Multi-cascade direct current converter impedance online measurement method |
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| WO2024189167A1 (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2024-09-19 | Hitachi Energy Ltd | Secondary control of energy supplies in dc and hybrid microgrids |
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