CN106883445B - Preparation method of wave-absorbing composite material based on modified graphene - Google Patents

Preparation method of wave-absorbing composite material based on modified graphene Download PDF

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CN106883445B
CN106883445B CN201710232878.1A CN201710232878A CN106883445B CN 106883445 B CN106883445 B CN 106883445B CN 201710232878 A CN201710232878 A CN 201710232878A CN 106883445 B CN106883445 B CN 106883445B
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modified graphene
fiber cloth
composite material
wave
graphene
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CN106883445A (en
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尹正帅
吴广力
王芬
郭培江
佘平江
张志斌
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Hubei Sanjiang Space Jiangbei Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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Hubei Sanjiang Space Jiangbei Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material, which comprises the following steps of 1) preparing a foam flat plate of modified graphene, 2) uniformly dispersing the modified graphene in a liquid resin matrix, 3) preparing a preformed body with foam wrapped by reinforced fiber cloth, 4) filling the preformed body into a cavity of a forming mold, 5) injecting the liquid resin matrix containing the modified graphene into the upper surface and the lower surface of the preformed body in the forming mold in a vacuum pressurization glue injection mode, and then curing and demolding to obtain the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material with a three-layer structure. The modified graphene is used as a novel wave absorbing agent, the original limitation is broken through, the wave absorbing principle of the three-layer composite material structure is combined, the requirements of light weight, broadband wave absorption and good strength of the wave absorbing composite material are met, the defects that the traditional wave absorbing material such as ferrite, manganese dioxide, graphite and the like has high density, narrow wave absorbing frequency band and the like are overcome, and the wave absorbing composite material has a good application prospect.

Description

Preparation method of wave-absorbing composite material based on modified graphene
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a wave-absorbing composite material based on modified graphene.
Background
With the rapid development of modern military detection technology and guidance technology, the radar, millimeter wave, infrared, laser, multispectral, sound wave and other modern detection and guidance technologies are widely applied to weapon systems, and great threat is brought to the defense penetration and survival capability of missiles, airplanes, naval vessels and the like. The wave-absorbing stealth material technology is taken as an effective means for improving the survival and defense capability of a weapon system, improving the stealth capability of weapon equipment and improving the overall operational efficiency, and is highly valued by military and major countries in the world. The ideal wave-absorbing material is required to have the characteristics of thinness, lightness, width and strength. The traditional single wave-absorbing coating has the limitations of limited wave-absorbing frequency band, low efficiency, heavy weight, poor temperature resistance and the like, and cannot meet the requirements of wave-absorbing and stealth integration of modern weapon structures. Therefore, the wave-absorbing composite material with light weight, wide frequency band, high efficiency and good strength has become a hot spot of worldwide research.
The structural wave-absorbing composite material is a structural/functional integrated composite material with both bearing capacity and wave-absorbing performance, and foreign advanced stealth airplanes begin to apply the structural wave-absorbing composite material in a large quantity. It can be said that the development of structural wave-absorbing materials influences the future of stealth materials and even the whole stealth technology to a great extent. The light foam sandwich type wave-absorbing composite material has the characteristics of high strength, good toughness, light weight and the like, so that the weapon system can obviously reduce weight and enhance the maneuvering performance, and is increasingly applied to stealth aircraft structural members.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material with low density, light weight and good mechanical property aiming at the defects of the traditional processing method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the preparation method of the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the modified graphene, a foaming material monomer, an initiator, a foaming agent and a cross-linking agent according to a preset proportion to form a mixed solution; then injecting the mixed solution into a die cavity for reaction to obtain a copolymer plate; foaming the copolymer plate and cooling to room temperature to form a foamed plate; finally, carrying out heat treatment on the foaming plate to obtain a modified graphene foaming flat plate;
2) weighing a resin matrix according to a preset proportion, heating the resin matrix to a melting point of the resin matrix to form a liquid resin matrix, and then uniformly dispersing the modified graphene in the liquid resin matrix;
3) attaching reinforcing fiber cloth to the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam flat plate in the step 1) layer by layer until the thickness of the reinforcing fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam flat plate reaches a preset thickness, then rolling the reinforcing fiber cloth by using an iron to avoid the wrinkle or texture distortion of the reinforcing fiber cloth, and preparing a preformed body of the reinforcing fiber cloth wrapped with foam;
4) putting the preformed body in the step 3) into a cavity of a forming die, avoiding wrinkles or extrusion on the surface of the preformed body when the preformed body is put into the cavity of the forming die, closing the die, checking the air tightness, maintaining the pressure at 0.4-0.6 MPa for 4-6 min, and then vacuumizing for 10-20 min under the pressure of not less than 0.3 MPa;
5) injecting the liquid resin matrix containing the modified graphene prepared in the step 2) into the upper surface and the lower surface of the preformed body in the forming mold in the step 4) by adopting a vacuum pressurization glue injection mode, and then curing and demolding to obtain the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material with the three-layer structure.
Further, in the step 1) and the step 2), the modification process of the modified graphene is as follows: adding graphene into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic dispersion, then adding a treating agent, carrying out magnetic stirring, carrying out centrifugal separation, washing with water, and drying to obtain modified graphene; the mass volume ratio of the graphene to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 20-30 g: 15ml, and the volume ratio of the treating agent to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2: 5. The purpose after modification is to realize amination grafting modification on the surface of graphene, so that the affinity between the graphene and a resin matrix is improved.
Further, the graphene is graphene oxide; the treating agent is poly (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate or polymethyl methacrylate.
Further, in the step 1), the weight percentage of the modified graphene, the foaming material monomer, the initiator, the foaming agent and the crosslinking agent is 10-30%: 65-83%: 0.1-2%: 2-5%: 2-5%.
Further, in the step 1), the foam material monomer includes one or more of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, azobisisobutyronitrile, isopropanol, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyetherimide and polymethacrylimide.
Further, the resin matrix in the step 2) is epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin or polyetherimide resin; the weight ratio of the modified graphene to the resin matrix in the step 2) is (1-4): 10.
further, during vacuum pressurization glue injection in the step 5): and gradually increasing the pressure of the vacuum glue injection from 0-0.1 MPa to 0.7-0.8 MPa, closing the glue outlet after the glue outlet uniformly discharges glue, and maintaining the pressure at 0.7-0.8 MPa for 5-15 min.
Further, the curing system in the step 5) is as follows: curing for 1-3 h at 150-180 ℃, and then heating to 240-300 ℃ for curing for 2-4 h.
Further, in the step 3), the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface of the foam flat plate is 1-8 mm, and the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface of the foam flat plate is 1-13 mm.
Further, in the step 5), the weight percentage of the resin matrix on the upper surface of the preform to the reinforcing fiber cloth on the upper surface is 65-75%: 25-35%, wherein the weight percentage of the resin matrix on the lower surface of the preformed body to the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface is 55-65%: 35-45%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the modified graphene is used as a novel wave absorbing agent, the original limitation is broken through, the wave absorbing principle of the three-layer composite material structure is combined, the requirements of light weight, broadband wave absorption and good strength of the wave absorbing composite material are met, the defects that the traditional wave absorbing material such as ferrite, manganese dioxide, graphite and the like has high density, narrow wave absorbing frequency band and the like are overcome, and the wave absorbing composite material has a good application prospect;
2. the graphene is grafted and modified, then is dispersed in liquid resin, and then is foamed, cured and molded for curing, so that the modified graphene is uniformly dispersed in the sandwich foam and the upper and lower surface layer composite materials.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples to facilitate the clear understanding of the invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The following examples all adopt modified graphene, and the modification process of graphene is as follows: according to the mass volume ratio of 20-30 g: adding 15ml (preferably 25 g: 15ml) of graphene into absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-40 min (preferably 25-30 min), then adding a treating agent, wherein the volume ratio of the treating agent to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2: 5 (preferably 1.5:5), performing magnetic stirring for 4-6 h, performing centrifugal separation and water washing, and drying at 50-80 ℃ (preferably 70-75 ℃) for 20-30 h to obtain modified graphene; the amination grafting modification of the surface of the graphene is realized, so that the affinity of the graphene and a resin matrix is improved. The graphene in the modified graphene is graphene oxide, and the treating agent is poly (2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) or polymethyl methacrylate.
Example 1
1) According to the weight percentage of 10%: 83%: 0.1%: 4%: 2.9 percent of modified graphene, a foaming material monomer, an initiator, a foaming agent and a cross-linking agent are mixed, and are uniformly mixed by adopting ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring to form a mixed solution; then injecting the mixed solution into a mold cavity made of a glass plate for reaction, and reacting in a water bath at 70 ℃ for 30 hours to obtain a copolymer plate; foaming the copolymer plate at 150 ℃ for 60min, and cooling to room temperature to form a foamed plate; finally, carrying out heat treatment on the foaming plate at 0.1Mpa and 160 ℃ for 2h to obtain a modified graphene foam flat plate; wherein, the foam material monomer comprises one or more of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, azodiisobutyronitrile, isopropanol, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyetherimide and polymethacrylimide;
2) according to the weight ratio of 1: 10 weighing bismaleimide resin, heating the bismaleimide resin to the melting point of the bismaleimide resin to form liquid bismaleimide resin, and then uniformly dispersing the modified graphene into the liquid bismaleimide resin;
3) uniformly coating a sizing agent on the reinforced fiber cloth, pasting the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam flat plate in the step 1) layer by layer until the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface of the foam flat plate reaches 5mm and the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface of the foam flat plate reaches 8mm, rolling the reinforced fiber cloth by using an iron to avoid the wrinkle or texture distortion of the carbon fiber cloth, and preparing a preformed body of the reinforced fiber cloth wrapped with foam; wherein the reinforced fiber cloth is carbon fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth or glass fiber cloth;
4) putting the preformed body in the step 3) into a cavity of a forming die, wherein the surface of the preformed body is prevented from being wrinkled or extruded when the preformed body is put into the cavity of the forming die, closing the die, checking the air tightness, maintaining the pressure at 0.5MPa for 5min, and then vacuumizing for 10-20 min at the pressure of not less than 0.3 MPa;
5) injecting the bismaleimide resin containing the modified graphene prepared in the step 2) into the upper surface and the lower surface of the preformed body in the forming mold in the step 4) by adopting a vacuum pressurization glue injection mode, gradually increasing the pressure of the vacuum glue injection from 0MPa to 0.8MPa during the vacuum pressurization glue injection, closing the glue outlet after the glue outlet uniformly discharges glue, and maintaining the pressure at 0.8MPa for 5-15 min until the weight percentage of the bismaleimide resin on the upper surface of the preformed body to the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface is 65%: 35%, the weight percentage of bismaleimide resin on the lower surface of the preform to the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface is 65%: 35 percent; and then curing and demolding to obtain the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material with a three-layer structure, wherein the curing system is as follows: curing for 2h at 160 ℃, and then heating to 280 ℃ for curing for 3 h.
Density of foam flat plate of modified graphene is 0.124g/cm3Tensile strength of 3MPa and bending strength of 4.2 MPa; the density of the modified graphene bismaleimide resin casting body is 1.263g/cm3A flexural strength of 172MPa and an impact strength of 9.12KJ/m2(ii) a The effective wave-absorbing frequency band of the prepared wave-absorbing composite material based on the modified graphene covers 4.61-14.8 GHz, wherein the maximum absorption peak value can reach-34.18 d.
Example 2
1) According to the weight percentage of 15%: 75%: 1%: 4%: 5% of modified graphene, a foaming material monomer, an initiator, a foaming agent and a crosslinking agent are mixed, and uniformly mixed by adopting ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring to form a mixed solution; then injecting the mixed solution into a mold cavity made of a glass plate for reaction, and reacting in a water bath at 75 ℃ for 28 hours to obtain a copolymer plate; foaming the copolymer plate at 140 ℃ for 70min, and cooling to room temperature to form a foamed plate; finally, carrying out heat treatment on the foaming plate at 0.1Mpa and 180 ℃ for 2h to obtain a modified graphene foam flat plate; wherein, the foam material monomer comprises one or more of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, azodiisobutyronitrile, isopropanol, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyetherimide and polymethacrylimide;
2) according to the weight ratio of 2: 10 weighing phenolic resin, heating the phenolic resin to the melting point of the phenolic resin to form liquid phenolic resin, and then uniformly dispersing the modified graphene in the liquid phenolic resin;
3) uniformly coating a sizing agent on the reinforced fiber cloth, pasting the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam flat plate in the step 1) layer by layer until the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface of the foam flat plate reaches 8mm and the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface of the foam flat plate reaches 12mm, rolling the reinforced fiber cloth by using an iron to avoid the wrinkle or texture distortion of the carbon fiber cloth, and preparing a preformed body of the reinforced fiber cloth wrapped with foam; wherein the reinforced fiber cloth is carbon fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth or glass fiber cloth;
4) putting the preformed body in the step 3) into a cavity of a forming die, wherein the surface of the preformed body is prevented from being wrinkled or extruded when the preformed body is put into the cavity of the forming die, closing the die, checking the air tightness, maintaining the pressure at 0.4MPa for 6min, and then vacuumizing for 15min under the pressure of not less than 0.4 MPa;
5) injecting the bismaleimide resin containing the modified graphene prepared in the step 2) into the upper surface and the lower surface of the preformed body in the forming mold in the step 4) by adopting a vacuum pressurization glue injection mode, gradually increasing the pressure of the vacuum glue injection from 0MPa to 0.8MPa during the vacuum pressurization glue injection, closing the glue outlet after the glue outlet uniformly discharges glue, and maintaining the pressure at 0.8MPa for 5-15 min until the weight percentage of the bismaleimide resin on the upper surface of the preformed body to the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface is 70%: 30%, the weight percentage of bismaleimide resin on the lower surface of the preform to the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface is 70%: 30 percent; and then curing and demolding to obtain the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material with a three-layer structure, wherein the curing system is as follows: curing at 180 ℃ for 1h, and then heating to 240 ℃ for curing for 4 h.
Density of foam flat plate of modified graphene is 0.135g/cm3Tensile strength of 3.9MPa and bending strength of 4.9 MPa; the density of the graphene modified phenolic resin casting body is 1.271g/cm3A flexural strength of 183MPa and an impact strength of 9.65KJ/m2(ii) a The effective frequency band of the prepared wave-absorbing composite material based on the modified graphene covers 2.61-17.8 GHz, wherein the maximum absorption peak value can reach-39.86 dB.
Example 3
1) According to the weight percentage of 27%: 65%: 1%: 4%: 3% of modified graphene, a foaming material monomer, an initiator, a foaming agent and a crosslinking agent are mixed, and uniformly mixed by adopting ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring to form a mixed solution; then injecting the mixed solution into a mold cavity made of a glass plate for reaction, and reacting in a water bath at 90 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain a copolymer plate; foaming the copolymer plate at 140 ℃ for 50min, and cooling to room temperature to form a foamed plate; finally, carrying out heat treatment on the foaming plate at 0.1Mpa and 170 ℃ for 2h to obtain a modified graphene foam flat plate; wherein, the foam material monomer comprises one or more of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, azodiisobutyronitrile, isopropanol, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyetherimide and polymethacrylimide;
2) according to the weight ratio of 3: 10 weighing bismaleimide resin, heating the bismaleimide resin to the melting point of the bismaleimide resin to form liquid bismaleimide resin, and then uniformly dispersing the modified graphene into the liquid bismaleimide resin;
3) uniformly coating a sizing agent on the reinforced fiber cloth, pasting the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam flat plate in the step 1) layer by layer until the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface of the foam flat plate reaches 8mm and the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface of the foam flat plate reaches 13mm, rolling the reinforced fiber cloth by using an iron to avoid the wrinkle or texture distortion of the carbon fiber cloth, and preparing a preformed body of the reinforced fiber cloth wrapped with foam; wherein the reinforced fiber cloth is carbon fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth or glass fiber cloth;
4) putting the preformed body in the step 3) into a cavity of a forming die, wherein the surface of the preformed body is prevented from being wrinkled or extruded when the preformed body is put into the cavity of the forming die, closing the die, checking the air tightness, maintaining the pressure at 0.6MPa for 4min, and then vacuumizing for 10-20 min at the pressure of not less than 0.3 MPa;
5) injecting the bismaleimide resin containing the modified graphene prepared in the step 2) into the upper surface and the lower surface of the preformed body in the forming mold in the step 4) by adopting a vacuum pressurization glue injection mode, gradually increasing the pressure of the vacuum glue injection from 0MPa to 0.8MPa during the vacuum pressurization glue injection, closing the glue outlet after the glue outlet uniformly discharges glue, and maintaining the pressure at 0.8MPa for 5-15 min until the weight percentage of the bismaleimide resin on the upper surface of the preformed body to the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface is 75%: 25%, the weight percentage of bismaleimide resin on the lower surface of the preform to the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface is 60%: 40 percent; and then curing and demolding to obtain the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material with a three-layer structure, wherein the curing system is as follows: curing at 170 ℃ for 1.5h, and then heating to 300 ℃ for curing for 2 h.
Density of foam flat plate of modified graphene is 0.128g/cm3Tensile strength of 3.7MPa and bending strength of 4.0 MPa; the density of the graphene modified bismaleimide resin casting body is 1.257g/cm3A flexural strength of 176MPa and an impact strength of 8.96KJ/m2(ii) a The effective frequency band of the prepared wave-absorbing composite material based on the modified graphene covers 3.52-15.8 GHz, wherein the maximum absorption peak value can reach-36.58 dB.
Example 4
1) According to the weight percentage of 20%: 70%: 1.5%: 4.5%: 4% of modified graphene, a foaming material monomer, an initiator, a foaming agent and a crosslinking agent are mixed, and uniformly mixed by adopting ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring to form a mixed solution; then injecting the mixed solution into a mold cavity made of a glass plate for reaction, and reacting in a water bath at 100 ℃ for 18 hours to obtain a copolymer plate; foaming the copolymer plate at 145 ℃ for 45min, and cooling to room temperature to form a foamed plate; finally, carrying out heat treatment on the foaming plate at 0.1Mpa and 160 ℃ for 2h to obtain a modified graphene foam flat plate; wherein, the foam material monomer comprises one or more of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, azodiisobutyronitrile, isopropanol, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyetherimide and polymethacrylimide;
2) according to the weight ratio of 4: 10 weighing epoxy resin, heating the epoxy resin to the melting point of the epoxy resin to form liquid epoxy resin, and then uniformly dispersing the modified graphene in the liquid epoxy resin;
3) uniformly coating a sizing agent on the reinforced fiber cloth, pasting the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam flat plate in the step 1) layer by layer until the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface of the foam flat plate reaches 2mm and the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface of the foam flat plate reaches 5mm, rolling the reinforced fiber cloth by using an iron to avoid the wrinkle or texture distortion of the carbon fiber cloth, and preparing a preformed body of the reinforced fiber cloth wrapped with foam; wherein the reinforced fiber cloth is carbon fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth or glass fiber cloth;
4) putting the preformed body in the step 3) into a cavity of a forming die, wherein the surface of the preformed body is prevented from being wrinkled or extruded when the preformed body is put into the cavity of the forming die, closing the die, checking the air tightness, maintaining the pressure at 0.6MPa for 4min, and then vacuumizing for 10-20 min at the pressure of not less than 0.3 MPa;
5) injecting the bismaleimide resin containing the modified graphene prepared in the step 2) into the upper surface and the lower surface of the preformed body in the forming mold in the step 4) by adopting a vacuum pressurization glue injection mode, gradually increasing the pressure of the vacuum glue injection from 0MPa to 0.8MPa during the vacuum pressurization glue injection, closing the glue outlet after the glue outlet uniformly discharges glue, and maintaining the pressure at 0.8MPa for 5-15 min until the weight percentage of the epoxy resin on the upper surface of the preformed body to the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface is 75%: 25%, and the weight percentage of the epoxy resin on the lower surface of the pre-forming body to the reinforcing fiber cloth on the lower surface is 57%: 43 percent; and then curing and demolding to obtain the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material with a three-layer structure, wherein the curing system is as follows: curing for 3h at 150 ℃, and then heating to 260 ℃ for curing for 3.5 h.
Density of foam flat plate of modified graphene is 0.121g/cm3Tensile strength of 3.6MPa and bending strength of 4.1 MPa; the density of the graphene modified epoxy resin casting body is 1.249g/cm3Bending strength of 190MPa and impact strength of 7.92KJ/m2. The effective frequency band of the prepared wave-absorbing composite material based on the modified graphene covers 2.82-14.96 GHz, wherein the maximum absorption peak can reach-32.57 dB.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of a wave-absorbing composite material based on modified graphene is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the modified graphene, a foaming material monomer, an initiator, a foaming agent and a cross-linking agent according to a preset proportion to form a mixed solution; then injecting the mixed solution into a die cavity for reaction to obtain a copolymer plate; foaming the copolymer plate and cooling to room temperature to form a foamed plate; finally, carrying out heat treatment on the foaming plate to obtain a modified graphene foaming flat plate; the weight percentage of the modified graphene, the foaming material monomer, the initiator, the foaming agent and the crosslinking agent is 10-30%: 65-83%: 0.1-2%: 2-5%: 2-5%;
2) weighing a resin matrix according to a preset proportion, heating the resin matrix to a melting point of the resin matrix to form a liquid resin matrix, and then uniformly dispersing the modified graphene in the liquid resin matrix; the resin matrix is epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin or polyetherimide resin; the weight ratio of the modified graphene to the resin matrix is (1-4): 10;
3) attaching reinforcing fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam flat plate in the step 1) layer by layer until the thickness of the reinforcing fiber cloth on the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam flat plate reaches a preset thickness, and preparing a preformed body of the foam wrapped by the reinforcing fiber cloth;
4) filling the preformed body in the step 3) into a cavity of a forming die, maintaining the pressure at 0.4-0.6 MPa for 4-6 min, and then vacuumizing at the pressure of not less than 0.3MPa for 10-20 min;
5) injecting the liquid resin matrix containing the modified graphene prepared in the step 2) into the upper surface and the lower surface of the preformed body in the forming mold in the step 4) by adopting a vacuum pressurization glue injection mode, and then curing and demolding to prepare the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material with a three-layer structure; and (3) during vacuum pressurization glue injection: gradually increasing the pressure of the vacuum glue injection from 0-0.1 MPa to 0.7-0.8 MPa, closing the glue outlet after the glue outlet uniformly discharges glue, and maintaining the pressure at 0.7-0.8 MPa for 5-15 min; the curing system is as follows: curing for 1-3 h at 150-180 ℃, and then heating to 240-300 ℃ for curing for 2-4 h;
the modification process of the modified graphene comprises the following steps: adding graphene into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic dispersion, then adding a treating agent, carrying out magnetic stirring, carrying out centrifugal separation, washing with water, and drying to obtain modified graphene; the mass volume ratio of the graphene to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 20-30 g: 15ml, wherein the volume ratio of the treating agent to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2: 5; the graphene is graphene oxide; the treating agent is poly (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate or polymethyl methacrylate.
2. The preparation method of the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1), the foam material monomer comprises methacrylic acid and/or methacrylonitrile.
3. The preparation method of the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 3), the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface of the foam flat plate is 1-8 mm, and the thickness of the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface of the foam flat plate is 1-13 mm.
4. The preparation method of the modified graphene-based wave-absorbing composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 5), the weight percentage of the resin matrix on the upper surface of the preformed body to the reinforced fiber cloth on the upper surface is 65-75%: 25-35%, wherein the weight percentage of the resin matrix on the lower surface of the preformed body to the reinforced fiber cloth on the lower surface is 55-65%: 35-45%.
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