CN106880354A - A kind of inflatable multi-electrode brain electricity cap - Google Patents
A kind of inflatable multi-electrode brain electricity cap Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106880354A CN106880354A CN201710099082.3A CN201710099082A CN106880354A CN 106880354 A CN106880354 A CN 106880354A CN 201710099082 A CN201710099082 A CN 201710099082A CN 106880354 A CN106880354 A CN 106880354A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- capsula interna
- acusector
- brain
- inflatable
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/6803—Head-worn items, e.g. helmets, masks, headphones or goggles
Abstract
A kind of inflatable multi-electrode brain electricity cap, is related to brain electric equipment and EEG signal treatment association area.Brain electricity cap includes a shell for helmet-type, and its inner side has type inflatable capsula interna.Capsula interna can manually or automatically inflation.The capsula interna can built-in a large amount of electrodes, and electrode there is retractable can preferably touch need to measure the skin of part, and electrode can either be laid according to international standard collocation method and can also be adjusted according to special test.Each electrode by it is multiple can the acusector of directly contact scalp constitute.Each electrode or each acusector can be carried out selective monitoring.Brain electricity cap also includes being connected on connection cable on shell, collects single electrode cable again.
Description
Technical field
It is a kind of multi-electrode brain for having and inflating capsula interna the present invention relates to brain electric equipment and EEG signal treatment association area
Electric cap.
Background technology
Brain electricity (Electroencephalographs, EEG) is recorded and examined on scalp by by a series of electrode pastes
The brain waveform for measuring.Eeg recording and analysis system have many remarkable break-throughs, and fast-developing central, letter at present
Singly it is listed below：Digital multi-channel conductance, while suitable for adult and child emergency monitoring eeg monitoring system, brain electricity analytical
Distribution of amplitudes, the electrical measurement of computer brain draw (Computer EEG Topography, CET) and brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM).
These advanced brain electric systems and technology, are required for that electrode is arranged on subject's scalp manually, therefore expend
Many times, for example, in traditional eeg monitoring, placing 20 normal electrodes then needs to spend a veteran brain electricity specially
Family 20 minutes；When brain electrical activity mapping is made, it usually needs cost 4 technical staff can put 128 electrodes for 45 minutes
Put on subject's scalp, this is not included in preparation also or test phase adjustment does not fit to the time of the electrode on scalp.
Therefore, scalable brain electricity cap is arisen at the historic moment, and electrode is arranged on into precalculated position on brain electricity cap.Although can stretch
Contracting brain electricity cap saves the time for the placement of electrode, but still has many obvious limitations.Such as, the scalable spy of brain electricity cap
Property causes the interelectrode relative position to change, and electrode has been placed in proportion before the use, but according to quilt
The difference of examination person's head dummy, the position of brain electricity cap electrode there occurs respective change, including change of the electrode with scalp location and electrode
Relative position change between electrode.
Someone elaborates this shortcoming of scalable brain electricity cap in the patent.Brain electricity cap in have a signal amplifier and
The finger electrode of some metals or plastics.In order that obtaining electrode can carry out good contact with scalp, electrode is arranged to flexible
's.But when cap is worn on the head, these flexible electrodes will bend so that produce relative movement between electrode, therefore
Interelectrode distance will change so that record result is inaccurate.
Second of scalable brain electricity cap has the disadvantage：In some cases, such as head has wound, and especially skull is damaged
In the case of wound, brain electricity cap is inapplicable.Bad its pressure to subject's skull of regulation and control of brain electricity cap, because it is to subject's head
The pressure of bone is relevant with the elasticity of its material.The pressure that the pressure that one big people of skull is subject to people certainly smaller than skull is subject to
It is big.Although designing different size of brain electricity cap can alleviate this problem, scalable brain electricity cap to skull pressure can
Modulability or limited, this problem is still present, without solving.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to brain electricity cap disclosure satisfy that it is claimed below：Head to any size is all suitable for, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide accurate
True electrode position, it is easy to use, and need not manually place electrode.Being also required to brain electricity cap simultaneously can accommodate more electricity
Pole, to carry out finer brain electricity analytical.
The content of the invention
The present invention is an inflatable multi-electrode brain electricity cap, can effectively overcome limitation and the defect of prior art.
1. a kind of inflatable multi-electrode brain electricity cap, including helmet shell, it is characterised in that：Also include inflatable capsula interna and one
Individual capsula interna aerating device, inflatable capsula interna hereinafter referred to as capsula interna, capsula interna pastes a large amount of multistylus electrodes, and can be entered by aerating device
Row inflation, so as to be attached to helmet shell inner side；Capsula interna is the balloon-like structure that an entirety covers head, or by multiple
Tubular inflatable part is constituted；Each many acusector electrode has an output, each acusector of each many acusector electrode
There are the wire of oneself, all outputs to be exported after being pooled to a cable；This cable has many acusector connectors of standard, with
Standard brain electro-detection and analyzer are coupled together.
2. further, capsula interna or shell are made up of latex, plastics, rubber or glass fibre.
3. further, each multistylus electrode is equipped with multiple smooth round ends and with scalable acusector for contact head
Skin, can be flexible according to the curved surface adjust automatically of contact site.
4. further, manual aerating device or self-filler that capsula interna aerating device includes.5. further, also wrap
Including the copper mesh screen set outside helmet shell is used to be electromagnetically shielded.
The present invention with a transparent and very light helmet-type shell and one covering head inflatable capsula interna or can
Inflation external capsule bar (figure) being made up of a plurality of tubular portion of electrode setting unit is covered, capsula interna or external capsule bar can be accommodated largely
(such as 24,32,64,128, even more many) preset electrode.
Use of the invention is very simple.The helmet is placed on subject's head, it is internal using air pump or similar device
(or outer) capsule is inflated, until electrode can contact subject's head.Then eeg data is carried out using standard brain electric equipment
Read.
Each electrode includes multiple acusectors, and multiple acusectors constitute comb shape, can separate hair directly contact scalp.It is many
The base of acusector electrode has similar size and shape with disc electrode.Each many acusector electrode has an output, institute
There is output to be exported after a cable is pooled to after neck.This cable has many acusector connectors of standard, can will input with
Standard brain electro-detection and analyzer are coupled together.Each acusector of many acusector electrodes has the wire of oneself, can obtain more
Plus the brain electricity analytical of complexity.
The present invention has the unexistent advantage of many prior arts：
First, time saving.Inflatable brain electricity cap eliminates the artificial time that electrode is placed on subject's scalp, also eliminates
Preparatory stage and test phase adjust the time of electrode；
Second, flexibly.Can select to monitor each many acusector electrode, or even each electricity in particular case bottom electrode
The brain wave patterns of pin obtain more accurate detailed brain electricity analytical.
Third, the information content being collected into can adjust.Inflatable capsula interna can using any amount of preset electrode (128, very
It is extremely more), all of electrode signal feeds back to a cable on helmet pedestal, and effect is far better than used 20 electrodes.
Fourth, acusector has Telescopic, for constituting the acusector of electrode using scalability acusector, stretched because acusector has
Contracting function pass through in (outward) capsule gas loaded electrode can more preferable contrectation measuring point scalp, to ensure the matter of EEG signals
Amount.
Fifth, can be used under traumatic event.The degree of inflation of interior (outward) capsule can be with precise control, so as to ensure that cap is correct
Bone produces suitable pressure without because pressure has influence on greatly very much injury, to obtain accurate eeg data.Sixth, this
Invention is made with water-resistant material, is easily carried out disinfection and sterilized.For disposable application, it is possible to use plastics acusector copper facing
Or it is silver-plated come reduces cost inexpensively produce.
In order to realize above-mentioned effect and function, the embodiment brain electricity cap that this patent is provided, including shell, one
Individual inflatable capsula interna (capsula interna can be attached on shell) or one pair of external capsule (energy being made up of a plurality of inflatable tubular portion
It is enough that external capsule is fixed on shell), a kind of instrument of (outward) capsule inflation in, the multi-electrode that is attached on inflation capsula interna.
Above-mentioned general description and following detailed descriptions are implementation example of the invention, it is intended to enter traveling one to the present invention
Step explanation.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1A, is the side view of inflatable brain electricity cap shell；
Figure 1B, is the side view of inflatable brain electricity cap capsula interna
Fig. 1 C, are side view that inflatable brain electricity cap capsula interna is attached to shell；
Fig. 1 D, are side view that inflatable brain electricity cap external capsule is fixed on shell；
Fig. 2A, is standard electrode for encephalograms position top view；
Fig. 2 B, 2C, to make electrode position top view during multichannel brain electrical activity mapping (2C is inflation tube designs)；
(2E sets electrode position top view when Fig. 2 D, 2E are based on 10% system making brain electrical activity mapping for inflation tubular type
Meter)
Fig. 2 F, are standard electrode for encephalograms position side view；
Fig. 3 A, are the top view of inflatable brain electricity cap multistylus electrode；
Fig. 3 B, are the side view of inflatable brain electricity cap multistylus electrode；
Fig. 4, is perspective view that multistylus electrode is connected on a wire；
Fig. 5 A, the top view (left side) of the first acusector arrangement and side view (right side) during to make brain electrical activity mapping；
Fig. 5 B, second top view of acusector arrangement (left side) and side view (right side) during to make brain electrical activity mapping；
Fig. 5 C, the third kind of top view of acusector arrangement (left side) and side view (right side) during to make brain electrical activity mapping.
Fig. 5 D are the side view of Fig. 5 C
The form of Fig. 5 E electrode needles packet
Fig. 5 F are the side view of Fig. 5 E
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment in the present invention.
Figure 1A is the side view of inflatable brain electricity cap shell, and wherein shell (10) shows whole helmet profile, aobvious and easy
See, be a general example of helmet profile of the present invention shown in 10, the skull of subject is any as long as the helmet can fit
The change of other helmet profiles can be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention shells (10) can be by being permitted multiple material structure
Into, but lightweight durable material is preferably, such as polystyrene plastics, hard rubber or glass fibre.According to cost and availability
This area other staff can make shell using the durable material of other lightweights, but belong to protection scope of the present invention；Outward
Shell (10) can be transparent (for example, transparent polystyrene), be certainly not required to.Transparent shell is conducive to brain power technology people
Member sees capsula interna and electrode, so that the more easily position of the adjustment helmet and capsula interna.
Selectable unit (SU) copper mesh screen (13) (for clarity, only depicting a portion in Figure 1A) can be used for electromagnetic screen
Cover, so that EEG checking device can realize that ultra-low noise electrode signal is exported.
In Figure 1A, safety binding (11) is selectable unit (SU), and brain electricity cap and quilt can be adjusted according to the nasion and occipital protuberance
Examination person's fit heads.Rear portion of the connection cable (12) in shell (10).The function of connection cable is by the wire of each electrode
Flock together, deliver a signal to brain electrical detection device.All electrode cables are flocked together and enables to the pendant of brain electricity cap
Wear easily, eliminate the problem that electrode cable confusion is tangled, it is often more important that can so reduce the generation of electrical noise.
It can be seen that inflatable capsula interna (14A) in Figure 1B.This capsula interna (14A) is one and is preset at the similar of inner helmet
Ballooning device, it has a pipe for being connected to inflatable tool (16), capsula interna can be filled by the inflatable tool
Gas allows it to meet head shape to be worn for subject.
Tubular inflating capsula interna (Figure 1B is right) in Figure 1B is an air bag being arranged on outside the helmet, different from balloon sample
Capsule (Figure 1B left) is that tubular inflating external capsule does not cover whole head, but the part of covering institute setting electrode in need.Pipe
Shape inflation capsula interna also has a pipe for being connected to inflatable tool (16), and capsula interna can be inflated by the inflatable tool is made
It can meet head shape and be worn for subject.Electrode (15) will be discussed later in more detail, and these electrodes are placed in advance
Inflate the inner side of capsula interna.
Capsula interna and tubulose external capsule (Figure 1B) can be made up of expandable material, such as preferable resilient TR thin rubber film
Or plastic film.Inflatable tool (16) described in Figure 1B is similar with the balloon of manual sphygmomanometer.Any suitable or similar fills
Device of air can be applied to this invention.Additionally, aerating device can be made up of self-fillers such as inflator pumps.Hand gear
Stress control when can more effectively be expanded.
Fig. 1 C illustrate attachment point of the capsula interna (14) on the helmet (10) inner surface.Attachment point (17) can be completely solid
Fixed can also be alternative fixed.For example, capsula interna can be fully adhered on helmet inner side, it is possible to use dismountable
Capsula interna is fixed on helmet inner side by the instrument of (such as VELCRO).The movement for being easy to capsula interna is advantageous in that with the instrument of being detachably fixed
Cleaning and replacing.
Fig. 1 D illustrate attachment point of the tubulose external capsule (14) on the helmet (10) outer surface.Attachment point (17) can be
Fixed can also be alternative fixed entirely.For example, tubulose external capsule can be completely fixed on helmet outside, it is possible to use
Removably tubulose external capsule is fixed on helmet outside by the instrument of (such as VELCRO).It is advantageous in that just with the instrument of being detachably fixed
In the mobile cleaning and replacing of tubulose external capsule.
When using, interior (outward) capsule can intactly cover test zone the need for the head of subject by aerating device.
Because electrode is preset in interior (outward) capsule (14), inflated interior (outward) capsule can ensure electricity in the case of without manual measurement
The accuracy of pole position.
Fig. 2 shows standard configuration mode of various electrodes in interior (outward) capsule (14).Fig. 2A shows traditional brain electricity point
The electrode configuration mode of 20 recording channels of analysis.This configuration mode by widely cognitive, referred to as " 10-20 systems ", this
System be with four different privileged sites of head be mark, measured (reference picture 2D) with 10% and 20%.
Fig. 2 B, 2C are the electrode position figure of multichannel brain electric.Here more additional electrode is available for extracting more letters
Breath.Dark electrode ' a ' is identical with the electrode position of standard configuration in Fig. 2A in Fig. 2 B, 2C.Light color
Electrode ' b ' represents increased electrode.
Fig. 2 D, 2E show position relationship of more electrodes in 10% system of brain electricity configuration.So-called 10% system
Describe in detail as follows：The front and rear relative distance of head the distance between (from the nasion to occipital protuberance) is considered as 100%, 10%
In system, between electrode at intervals of 10% the distance between from the nasion to occipital protuberance.Actually appropriate increase electrode
Quantity can increase the resolution ratio of signal detection.Black circles ' a ' in Fig. 2 D, 2E are represented and Fig. 2A identical normal electrodes
Configuration figure, white circle ' b ' then represents increase electrode.
Any amount of electrode can be placed on the inside of capsula interna (such as 24 36 64 128 is more).And both can be by
Electrode is installed according to standard mode, it is also possible to according to user's request it is mounted in place on.Number of electrodes can be placed
Only depend on the size of electrode and the size of interior (outward) capsule area, in the case of ensuring that electrode can sample accurately, electrode
The increase and decrease of quantity is all free.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are respectively the front elevation and side view of multistylus electrode (15).As illustrated, electrode (15) has multiple
It is separated by the acusector composition of 2mm, acusector is fixed on one piece of small basal disc, and the area shared by 12 acusectors is 1 square centimeter.Electricity
Pole can also be applicable single acusector.Electrode needs to be constituted with gold-plated copper, rubber or plastics.Sky can be used to reduce cost
Heart pin or thin copper pin.Electrode needle can be automatically adjusted per se with telescopicing performance according to the skull shape of subject.On
State acusector arrangement and simply one of the invention general example is set, other kinds of acusector arrangement and gap setting are accordingly to be regarded as
Belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 3, each many acusector electrode only has an output lead (32), and all of output lead is in the helmet (12)
Rear is converged to a connecting line and is connected in the connection cable being connected with multi-pin connector (pin end or hole section) (reference picture 1A),
Or directly by 2 millimeters of pin electrode plug wire boxes.This design as described above can save the time of many measurement brain electricity,
Signal interference can be reduced and suppress the generation of noise.
Subject is not allowed to produce uncomfortable or pain in order to be able to directly contact scalp, acusector (31) syringe needle on electrode will
It is made into smooth shape.The direction of electrode needle as shown in Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, smooth electrode syringe needle, as comb separating hair connects
Contact part.This design can not only reduce the conductive strength for avoiding pain simultaneously to the compressing of scalp but also can increasing electrode needle.
Because electrode needle can directly with scalp joint, brain electricity cream is not needed simultaneously, and sweat can strengthen conductive strength.When
So, brain electricity cream or spraying can be used for improving recording quality.
Fig. 4 shows the stereogram of many acusector electrodes (15), and 12 acusectors (31) are fixed in template (33) and output
(output ratio is 12 for line (32) connection：1).
Fig. 5 A-5C show other several many acusector electrode designs.In order to speculate the generation of bioelectrical activity
Source is, it is necessary to 122 or more passages.As shown in Figure 5A, the gold-plated acusector (51) for being separated by 3 millimeters is covered with air bag inner side.Each
Electrode needle (51) has exclusive output lead (52) (output ratio 1：1).As described before is as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
Multiple electrodes pin finally converges into an output lead.The black circles part of Fig. 5 A, 5B, 5C represents recordable flexible lamp polar region
Domain.
So electrode configuration can provide valuable help for the cerebration mapping of high-res.This electrode configuration will
Level than 10% described before system is taller.In fact, according to the need for researcher and amplifier quantity, brain ground
The precision of figure can reach 5% or 3%.May naturally be used for amplify certain specific scalp region careful analysis are carried out to it.
In operation, we can choose single electrode needle or several electrode needle groups to be thought by computation
The number of channels wanted and position, instead of the traditional quantity that eeg recording passage is manually actually adjusted on subject's head or
The position of movable passageway.These electrode needle groups can also be by that will restrain connector (such as 2：1 or 4：1) it is inserted in regular 1：1 connects
Connect between cable to realize.
In figure 5b, the configuration of electrode every one configuration density of float electrode of a pin compared to will have given by Fig. 5 A
Reduced.Fig. 5 E give the form of electrode needle packet, and related electrode can link together (by software as needed
The mode of control).
The data that type inflatable brain electricity hat cone formula is collected in actual test experiment and the electric number of the brain of conventional method record
According to very consistent.
The test experiments of type inflatable brain electricity cap are not use brain electricity cream and do not doing in the case that scalp anticipates, using
Routine is arranged to what 20 electrodes were carried out.Wear and interior (outward) capsule gas replenishment process is only needed to 15 to 20 seconds, you can recorded, and
The set-up procedure that conventional brain electricity cap then needs 20 minutes.It is basic such as Fig. 3 A and 3B (output ratio 12 using many acusector electrodes：1)
It is gold plated copper acusector as shown.
Above-mentioned device has many benefits, has some to be discussed before.Substantial amounts of electrode can be carried to ensure that
Enough output datas are provided to be input in eeg recording and analysis system to carry out quantitative analysis, high-resolution cerebration
The time and space analysis of topographic map drawing or brain electricity.Additionally, by appropriate existing detection device, can adjust and choose
Required output is without manually adjusting position or increasing and decreasing the high resolution space distribution that electrode has reached brain electricity manually.
The present invention can design three kinds of different models with correspondence adult (20 centimetres of diameter), children's (16 centimetres of diameter) and
The different needs of baby's (12 centimetres of diameter).Capsule can ensure to be in close contact with head and electrode position is correct (outward) in inflatable
Property.
Another important advantage is that inflatable electrode cap can be the mobile provides convenient of subject, and subject is by lying
The state is transformed into the state being seated, and brain electricity cap position can also keep constant, and the electrode cap also allows subject to move
It is dynamic, the only limitation is that the length of connection cable.
The present invention has very many potential applications, it is adaptable to intensive care, first aid, the spy such as state of an illness monitoring in ambulance
Different occasion；Can be also used for the related multiple association areas of sleep, including awakening, egersis, sleep pattern and stage；The present invention is also
Can be used for studying, diagnose and monitoring the symptoms such as epilepsy and stupor.May additionally serve for intellectual development assessment, also brain of detecting a lie
Wave analysis.
Present invention is particularly suitable for the EEG measuring of children, because this brain electricity cap can overcome children to be difficult to match somebody with somebody for a long time
Close the weakness of traditional EEG measuring preparation.
The present invention has very many benefits.Can for patient provide it is comfortable wear sensation and low consumption when；Can be doctor
The accuracy and accurate brain wave data of high level are provided；Can be that hospital is saved for the artificial of brain electrical testing preparation
Expense.
It is above some embodiments of this invention, to those skilled in the art, is not paying any creation
Property work on the premise of, other embodiment can also be obtained, but all fall in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of inflatable multi-electrode brain electricity cap, including helmet shell, it is characterised in that：Also include in inflatable capsula interna and one
Capsule aerating device, inflatable capsula interna hereinafter referred to as capsula interna, capsula interna pastes a large amount of multistylus electrodes, and can be filled by aerating device
Gas, so as to be attached to helmet shell inner side；Capsula interna is the balloon-like structure that an entirety covers head, or by multiple tubuloses
Inflatable part is constituted；Each many acusector electrode has an output, and each acusector of each many acusector electrode has
The wire of oneself, all outputs are exported after being pooled to a cable；This cable has many acusector connectors of standard, with standard
Brain electro-detection and analyzer are coupled together.
2. the electric cap of brain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Capsula interna or shell be latex, plastics, rubber or
Glass fibre is made.
3. the electric cap of brain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Each multistylus electrode is equipped with multiple smooth round ends
And be used for contacting scalp with scalable acusector, can be flexible according to the curved surface adjust automatically of contact site.
4. the electric cap of brain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Capsula interna aerating device is for manual aerating device or certainly
Dynamic aerating device.
5. the electric cap of brain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also include that the copper mesh screen set outside helmet shell is used for
Electromagnetic shielding.
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| CN201710099082.3A CN106880354A (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2017-02-23 | A kind of inflatable multi-electrode brain electricity cap |
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| CN201710099082.3A CN106880354A (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2017-02-23 | A kind of inflatable multi-electrode brain electricity cap |
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| CN110755050A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-07 | 遂宁市中心医院 | Cognitive dysfunction evaluation device |
| CN110801224A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-18 | 张旦 | Electroencephalogram detection cap |
| CN111436930A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-07-24 | 开封市学国生物科技有限公司 | Noise-proof multi-point contact elastic electrode cap |
| WO2021140441A1 (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-07-15 | Magstim Group, Incorporated | Head size adaptation mechanism for an eeg net |
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