CN106877397A - A kind of active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory for considering Demand Side Response - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory for considering Demand Side Response.To realize that dead electricity load restoration maximum of powering turns to target, based on demand response visual angle, collaboration recovery is carried out to active distribution network using various distributed energy DER (distributed energy resource), it is proposed that the active distribution network isolated island recovery policy based on game theory.The influence that analysis demand response recovers to distribution network failure first, the demand response model set up under tou power price stabilizes the peak value of load curve；It is target to the maximum to recover load, using different distributed power sources (DG) as game participant, sets up cooperation and noncooperation game Restoration model.Then the isolated island restoration methods based on cooperation and noncooperation game are given；Finally, according to DG utilization rate (Utilization Rate, UR) and load restoration rate (restoration rate, RR) index is finely adjusted to isolated island scope, obtains optimal recovery scheme, i.e. Nash Equilibrium Solution.

Description

A kind of active distribution network isolated island based on game theory for considering Demand Side Response recovers Method

Technical field

The present invention relates to active distribution network fault recovery field, the specific active based on game theory for considering Demand Side Response Power distribution network isolated island restoration methods.

Background technology

Active distribution network --- international conference on large HV electric systems C6.11 project team proposed active distribution network in 2008 The concept of (active distribution network, ADN).Have compared to conventional electrical distribution net bigger to regenerative resource Receiving ability, asset utilization ratio higher, it is possible to achieve electric automobile (electric vehicle, EV), distributed power source (distributed generation, DG), the active management of Demand-side.The operation of active distribution network and control mode become spirit While living complicated, the probability for breaking down also accordingly is lifted.Distribution network restoration reconstruct is to ensure power distribution network reliability, Effec-tive Function Core competence and effective means, be also the main task of active distribution network self-healing function.

Distribution network failure recovers --- distribution network failure recovered to have carried out fruitful research both at home and abroad.Recover thinking Mainly there are three major types.One is the overall recovery and rebuilding of power distribution network；Two is that distribution network failure reconstruct and isolated island are combined；Three is distribution Netcom crosses and to form multiple isolated islands and carry out fault recovery.Which kind of recovery thinking is taken, it is necessary to characteristic, position and failure according to DG are stopped The electric power system in electric region is determined.Look into the restoration methods of new problem primary study DG permeabilities power supply interrupted district higher, therefore weight Point research Third Train of Thought.IEEE1547-2003 standards encourage planned isolated island (intentional islanding) operation, To accelerate resume speed during electric network fault, the self-healing ability of power network is improved.Corresponding method for solving mainly has at present：Glug is bright Day algorithm, tree knapsack method, branch and bound method, graph theory etc..

Demand Side Response (demand response, DR) --- refer to that power consumer (including possesses EV, possesses DG, possesses The user of energy-storage system (energy storage system, ESS) etc. and domestic consumer) it is directed to market price signal or excitation Mechanism is responded and changes the market participative behavior of normal electricity consumption mode.Dsm in many countries and Carry out for many years in area, in practice it has proved that it can effectively dispatch the DER such as DG, ESS, EV and improve load curve, reduce certain period To respond supply of electric power, especially in load peak, power distribution network breaks down power load, can stabilize load peak, slows down The pressure for restoring electricity, improves the stability of a system.

Game theory --- engineering game theory has it for a long time in the application of power system, but is applied to the warp of power distribution network mostly The aspects such as Ji scheduling, planning, control, are applied to the few of distribution network failure recovery.Game theory be divided into non-cooperative game and Cooperative game.The fundamental that game theory includes has：Participant, method (strategy), income.Participant refers to being selected in game Take action to maximize the decision-maker of oneself effectiveness.Method (strategy) refers to the rule of participant's selection action.What income referred to It is utility level that participant obtains from game.The purpose of game theory analysis realizes many decision-makers by game method Revenue Reconciliation.

The content of the invention

Recover present invention aim at a kind of active distribution network isolated island based on game theory for considering Demand Side Response is provided Method.

To achieve the above object, following technical scheme is employed, the method for the invention step is as follows：

Step 1, the influence that analysis demand response recovers to distribution network failure, the demand response mould set up under tou power price Type, stabilizes the peak value of load curve；

Step 2, target is to the maximum to recover load, using different distributed power sources (DG) as game participant, is built Vertical cooperative game and non-cooperative game Restoration model；

Step 3, provides cooperation and noncooperation game method；Further improve power distribution network stabilization, continuable power supply capacity.

Step 4, utilization rate (Utilization Rate, UR) and load restoration rate (restoration according to DG Rate, RR) index is finely adjusted to isolated island scope, obtains optimal recovery scheme, i.e. Nash Equilibrium Solution；Realize dead electricity load Maximum is recovered, and reasonable disposition is carried out to the energy.

Further, the method for building up of demand response model is as follows under the influence of tou power price：

Peak-valley TOU power price implements the power consumption variation relation such as following formula of front and rear user, it can thus be concluded that user after bidding price adjustment The electricity of response；

In formula：Q₀₁、Q₀₂、Q₀₃The power consumption of user, Q under the traditional Respondence to the Price of Electric Power of expression₁、Q₂、Q₃Represent Peak-valley TOU power price The power consumption of the lower user of response, E is price elasticity matrix of demand；Δ P/P represents variable quantity before and after bidding price adjustment；

It is target making Peak-valley TOU power price with peak load shifting to reach the purpose that Demand-side optimizes load curve, ensures Load curve maximum peak minimum loads, minimum paddy load is maximized, so as to improve load curve, improves system operation sustainable Property and stability；Object function is：

In formula：L_0iT () is optimization preload；Δ t is day part duration；It is each period electricity consumption quantitative change Change sharing in the period；

Need to meet following two constraintss, ensure that user side average electricity price level does not go up after carrying out Peak-valley TOU power price Rise：Peak valley drift, the even phenomenon such as peak valley perversion will not be caused because of overreact；Formula is represented respectively

In formula：P₀Represent the average power purchase price , $/kW.h of user before carrying out time-of-use tariffs；

0.8L≤L^*≤1.2L

In formula：L is user response tou power price preload, L^*It is user response tou power price afterload.

Further, the method for building up of cooperative game and non-cooperative game Restoration model is as follows：

1 game participant and strategy

In the active distribution network containing a large amount of DG, the purpose between different DG is under whole power distribution network is nonserviceabled Self-healing can be realized, and recovers the power supply of important load to greatest extent.Although froming the perspective of from this meaning, each DG is for distribution The recovery of net integral load and show the relation of coordination, but there is the relation of competition between them again simultaneously.Because Each DG is intended to the energy of itself and is fully utilized.

May participate in the DG of fault recovery have EV formed virtual DG, containing light storage DG, without light storage DG, containing wind storage DG, Without wind storage DG, miniature gas turbine, diesel-driven generator, small-sized water power, battery etc., can substantially divide according to DG different qualities It is three classes, 1) do not possess the DG of black start-up ability；Such as be free of the solar power generation and wind power generation, small-sized water power of energy storage device Deng；2) possesses the cleaning DG of black start-up ability；Wind power generation and solar power generation, battery such as containing energy storage device；3) Possess traditional DG of black start-up ability, such as miniature gas turbine, diesel-driven generator.It is selected respectively again and again in three class DG more than Plus EV formed virtual DG as game participant, carry out the further investigation of fault recovery.Participant includes：Containing light storage DG, The DG that the virtual DG and diesel-driven generator that DG, EV without light storage are formed are formed.

(1) non-cooperative game

Assuming that there is n DG, the n set of game participant can be expressed as N={ A_j, wherein j=1,2 ..., n；Often The method of individual DG is to determine the zoning of isolated island, A_iReconstructing method be expressed as φ_i={ L_i, i.e., the load that certain DG is included Set, wherein, L_iRepresent the load bus included in i-th DG isolated islands region；

(2) cooperative game

Cooperative game is that (characteristic function) (N, P) is given in the form of characteristic function, abbreviation game Tag type, also referred to as alliance's type (coalitional form)；Wherein N still represents the set of participant, and S is the subset of N, table Show the alliance between participant,The participant of cooperative game is to participate in game weight in the form of several DG compositions alliance In structure, the collection of the reconstructing method of cooperative game is combined intoWherein, LL_iRepresent that what is included in i-th DG alliances region bears Lotus node；

2 revenue functions

The DG containing light storage represents the interests of clean energy resource photovoltaic generation, and the income with environmental protection hereinafter referred to as cleans DG；Bavin Fry dried food ingredients motor DG exerts oneself stably, with reliable income, hereinafter referred to as tradition DG；The virtual DG that EV is formed is a kind of portable Accumulation power supply, with the property of lotus source two, in failure for power network provides electric discharge service, and can both be inhaled as a kind of controllable burden Receive electric energy, it is possible to achieve the flexible dispatching of electric energy, hereinafter referred to as flexible DG；Each class DG is intended to the energy of itself by fully profit With dead electricity load is recovered as much as possible, so as to obtain larger value, therefore the utilization rate of DG is defined herein (utilization rate) is used as its revenue function；Formula is as follows：

In formula：P_jIt is j-th DG generated energy for participating in recovering, unit is kW；Institutes of the C in the power supply isolated island region where DG There is load aggregation；L_iIt is the load of the node i powered by DG, unit is kW；

3 Restoration models

3.1 object functions

Power distribution network power-off in emergency circumstances, it is necessary to form isolated island by DG, to carry out failure to dead electricity region as early as possible extensive Multiple, the calculating of network loss has not been particularly significant.Therefore, herein using the maximum amount of recovery of load as object function：

In formula：λ_iIt is the state variable of load, is 0 during load i dead electricity, is 1 when obtaining electric；L_i-getIt is bearing that node i is recovered Lotus amount, kW；

Define load restoration rate (restoration rate, RR) herein to evaluate load restoration relative prevalence, formula is such as Under：

In formula：L_iIt is the load value of node i, unit is kW；For the load that node i is recovered, unit is kW；E is all Load aggregation；

3.2 constraintss

(1) radial structure, its formula is as follows：

g_k∈G_k

In formula：g_kIt is the power supply area for having recovered；G_kTo ensure the radial all topological structure set of power distribution network；

(2) capacity-constrained of each circuit of power distribution network

I_l≤I_lmax, (l=1,2 ..., n)

In formula：I_lTo flow through the electric current of l；I_lmaxTo flow through the maximum current of circuit l；N is power distribution network branch road quantity；

(3) node voltage constraint

U_imin≤U_i≤U_imax, (i=1,2 ..., m)

In formula：U_iminIt is the lower limit of node i voltage；U_imaxIt is the upper limit of node i voltage；M is power distribution network number of nodes；

(4) DG units limits

In formula：P_DGT () is actually exerted oneself for t DG's；For the lower limit that t DG exerts oneself；During for t Carve the upper limit that DG exerts oneself；

(5) energy storage device discharge and recharge constraint

In formula：P_disT () is the actual discharge power of t energy storage device；It is upper for energy storage device discharge power Limit；It is the lower limit of energy storage device discharge power；P_chT () is the actual charge power of energy storage device；For energy storage device fills The upper limit of electrical power；It is the lower limit of energy storage device charge power；

(6) EV discharge and recharges constraint

1) EV charge-discharge batteries constraint

S_chmin≤S_ch(t)≤S_chmax

S_mastermin≤S_master(t)

In formula：S_chminAnd S_chmaxTo ensure the minimum and maximum discharge and recharge constraint of battery life, to prevent undue charge and discharge Electricity；S_masterminIt is the minimum discharge condition of car owner's acceptable；

2) EV discharge and recharges constraint

EV is in addition to meeting battery and constraining, in addition it is also necessary to meets the power constraint of itself, and is not simultaneously in discharge and recharge shape State；

0≤P_ch(t)≤P_chmax

0≤P_dis(t)≤P_dismax

P_ch(t)·P_dis(t)=0

In formula：P_chmaxAnd P_dismaxRespectively EV maximum charges and discharge power are constrained.

Further, the Non-cooperative, in non-cooperative game recovery, each DG recovers as much as possible Dead electricity load, after failure generation, the recovered part dead electricity loads alone of the DG with black start-up ability are not carried out with other DG It is any to link up and cooperate；Each DG carries out the search of isolated island tree using respective power supply as root node, until searching off-capacity then Stop, so as to form isolated island search tree；There are some loads in each downstream with the isolated island tree of the DG formation of black starting-up； In search procedure, the situation that several different loads select one can be run into, if the n importance degree grade of load is different, then selected The load of important level preferentially recovers；If the importance degree grade of n load is identical, then select the big load of load value preferentially extensive It is multiple, the utilization rate of DG can be increased；Competition between DG is a kind of disorderly competition, is followed when isolated island is divided " overlord's formula " Rule.

Further, " overlord's formula " rule that the non-cooperative game is deferred to, particular content is as follows：

Regular (one)：If running into isolated island region has the situation of overlap, then the node in overlapping region is according to apart from DG Distance random be contained in nearer isolated island and recovered；

Regular (two)：If running into the situation that some isolated island region is contained in another isolated island completely, treatment is with rule Then one；

Regular (three)：Even if thering is interconnection switch to be connected between two DG isolated islands, but do not interconnected by interconnection switch；

Do not exist any cooperation between each DG, it is impossible to coordinate recovery well, the energy wave of part DG can be caused Take, and there is sub-load not to be restored.

Further, the content of the cooperative game method is as follows：

(1) the preferential boot sequence for determining DG；

(2) the isolated island division rule based on cooperative game is formulated；

(3) DG coordinated in alliance exerts oneself.

Further, the isolated island division rule that DG starts in cooperative game, equally with DG as root node, the search of isolated island tree Method is with rule difference identical described in non-cooperative game, being followed when each DG isolated island region is divided；Particular content is as follows：

Regular (one)：If the scope for some isolated island occur is completely contained in another isolated island, then the two isolated islands are closed Make, isolated island tree range searching is carried out with common capacity；

Regular (two)：If intersecting situation occur in two scopes of isolated island, treatment is with rule ()；

Regular (three)：If containing interconnection switch between two isolated island scopes, treatment is with rule ()；

Regular (four)：If there is the situation specified in four rules as more than in isolated island alliance and another isolated island, can be right Isolated island alliance is extended；

Regular (five)：According to the revenue function of each DG, the isolated island region or isolated island alliance region formed to each DG are entered Row fine setting.

Further, the revenue function of the DG, the DG containing light storage represents the interests of clean energy resource photovoltaic generation, with environmental protection Income；Diesel-driven generator DG exerts oneself stably, with reliable income；The virtual DG that EV is formed is a kind of portable energy storage electricity Source, with the property of lotus source two, both in failure for power network provides electric discharge service, and can absorb electric energy as a kind of controllable burden； The flexible dispatching of electric energy can be realized.Each class DG be intended to the energy of itself be fully utilized as much as possible recover dead electricity bear Lotus, so as to obtain larger value, defines the utilization rate (Utilization Rate, UR) of DG as its revenue function；

In formula：P_jIt is j-th DG generated energy for participating in recovering, unit is kW；Institutes of the C in the power supply isolated island region where DG There is load aggregation；L_iIt is the load of the node i powered by DG, unit is kW.

Further, the coordination DG exerts oneself, and in an isolated island alliance, DG cooperations can recover more loads, full Sufficient superadditivity；When coordinating each DG and exerting oneself, it is considered to which the equilibrium allocation of the energy and alliance are split in Game with Coalitions, and this problem turns (N, P, v), wherein P represents that alliance is split to turn to cooperative game form；The process of segmentation is to be to solve for isolated island alliance on electric power The process of energy distribution, can be calculated by calculating the core and Charolais cattle (Sharplyvalue) of game；

The great advantage of Charolais cattle is that cost and all of contributrion margin are carried out into cost sharing, according to Charolais cattle Thought, cost that participant i should bear or the income to be obtained are equal to the participant alliance that he is participated in each Contributrion margin average value, therefore use Shapley methods, it is defined as follows：

In formula：A represents the number participated in isolated island alliance A, and P (A) is the income of alliance A, P (A/i) represent player i from The financial value of alliance after open union alliance A；

Electric energy distribution is carried out by above Shapley values, the energy source configuration between the DG of alliance can be calculated.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：

1st, from individual rationality and the angle of overall rationality, the isolated island restoration methods based on cooperative game are provided.By two The method of kind is contrasted, and the isolated island restoration methods of prominent cooperative game are more reasonable, are conducive to fault recovery.

2nd, the isolated island division methods based on cooperative game, by the cooperation between participant, can recover more dead electricity Load.

3rd, on cooperative game recovery policy, the configuration of narration alliance internal energy is solved, body by Charolais cattle The fairness of energy reversal is showed.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is improvement IEEE33 Node power distribution system figures of the invention.

Fig. 2 is the load curve under different situations of the invention.

Fig. 3 is fault recovery flow chart of the invention.

Fig. 4 is the restoration result schematic diagram of example of the invention 1, example 2.

Fig. 5 is the restoration result schematic diagram of example of the invention 3.

Specific embodiment

Be given according to embodiment and schematic diagram and consider that the active distribution network isolated island based on game theory of Demand Side Response recovers The specific embodiment of method：

It is analyzed by embodiment of improved IEEE33 nodes, such as Fig. 1；First, the demand set up under tou power price is rung Model is answered, the peak value of load curve, such as Fig. 2 is stabilized；Then, set up the isolated island based on cooperative game and non-cooperative game and recover mould Type；Finally, the isolated island restoration methods based on cooperative game and non-cooperative game are given, it is specific to recover flow chart such as Fig. 3.

1 non-cooperative game isolated island restoration methods

In non-cooperative game recovery, each DG thinks to recover dead electricity load as much as possible, therefore after failure generation, DG with black start-up ability recovered part dead electricity loads alone, do not carry out any communication and cooperate with other DG.Each DG The search of isolated island tree is carried out as root node using respective power supply, is then stopped until searching off-capacity, so as to form isolated island search Tree；It is made up of some loads in each downstream with the isolated island tree of the DG formation of black starting-up.In search procedure, can run into Several different loads select the situation of one, if the n importance degree grade of load is different, then select the load of important level preferential Recover；If the importance degree grade of n load is identical, then the load for selecting load value big preferentially recovers, and can increase the profit of DG With rate.Competition between DG is a kind of disorderly competition, and the rule of " overlord's formula " is followed when isolated island is divided.

Regular (one)：If running into isolated island region has the situation of overlap, then the node in overlapping region is according to apart from DG Distance random be contained in nearer isolated island and recovered.

Regular (two)：If running into the situation that some isolated island region is contained in another isolated island completely, treatment is with rule Then one.

Regular (three)：Even if thering is interconnection switch to be connected between two DG isolated islands, but do not interconnected by interconnection switch.

Do not exist any cooperation between each DG, it is impossible to coordinate recovery well, the energy wave of part DG can be caused Take, and there is sub-load not to be restored.

It is 2-in-1 to make game isolated island restoration methods

(1) determination of DG boot sequences

The various factors started by analyzing influence DG, defines several priority principles that DG boot sequences should be followed, from And realize orderly, the rational competition between each DG.The trend that the importance degree of following four principle tapers off.

Principle (one)：The preferential DG with black start-up ability that starts carries out fault recovery；DG with black start-up ability is adopted Use V/f controls, compared to the PQ controls for not possessing black start-up ability DG, the disturbance in recovery process can be buffered, reduce voltage, The occurrence of frequency out-of-limit.

Principle (two)：The preferential DG for starting Large Copacity.Ensure after a failure, more load is recovered in the shorter time.

Principle (three)：The DG given priority in arranging for close to important load starts, and is conducive to shortening the path that important load is powered, and subtracts The time that few important load recovers.

Principle (four)：The virtual DG that EV is formed finally recovers, because the position of charging pile is more flexible compared with other DG, and not Possesses the ability of black starting-up.

(2) division in region is recovered

It is same with DG as root node, the searching method of isolated island tree with identical described in 5.1, but in each DG isolated islands area of division The rule followed during domain is different.

Regular (one)：If the scope for some isolated island occur is completely contained in another isolated island, then the two isolated islands are closed Make, isolated island tree range searching is carried out with common capacity.

Regular (two)：If intersecting situation occur in two scopes of isolated island, treatment is with rule ().

Regular (three)：If containing interconnection switch between two isolated island scopes, treatment is with rule ().

Regular (four)：If there is the situation specified in four rules as more than in isolated island alliance and another isolated island, can be right Isolated island alliance is extended.

Regular (five)：According to the revenue function of each DG, the isolated island region or isolated island alliance region formed to each DG are entered Row fine setting.

(3) coordination exerted oneself in isolated island alliance

In an isolated island alliance, DG cooperations can recover more loads, meet superadditivity.Go out each DG is coordinated During power, it is considered to which the equilibrium allocation of the energy is split with alliance in Game with Coalitions, and this problem is converted into more complicated cooperative game shape (N, P, v), wherein P represents that alliance is split to formula.The process of segmentation is to be to solve for the process that isolated island alliance distributes on electric power energy, Can be calculated by calculating the core and Charolais cattle (Sharply value) of game.

With the development of Cooperative Game Theory, Charolais cattle (Shapley, 1953) has been obtained for extensive research.Sharp The great advantage of sharp value is that cost and all of contributrion margin are carried out into cost sharing, according to the thought of Charolais cattle, participant i The cost that should bear or the income to be obtained be equal to the participant to each the contributrion margin of the alliance that he is participated in Average value.Therefore herein using conventional Shapley methods, it is defined as follows：

In formula：A represents the number participated in isolated island alliance A, and P (A) is the income of alliance A, P (A/i) represent player i from The financial value of alliance after open union alliance A.

Electric energy distribution is carried out by above Shapley values, the energy source configuration between the DG of alliance can be calculated, on condition that Need to meet the various constraints in 4.3.2.

With reference to the above method, the following three kinds different restoration result schematic diagrames for recovering example are given.

Example 1 does not consider the isolated island recovery scheme based on non-cooperative game of Demand Side Response, such as Fig. 4.

Example 2 does not consider the isolated island recovery scheme based on cooperative game of Demand Side Response, such as Fig. 4.

Example 3 considers the isolated island recovery scheme based on cooperative game of Demand Side Response, such as Fig. 5.

The literature provides each DG distributions of interests process of Tu4Zhong alliances one, is specifically calculated as follows：

From Fig. 4 (c), 4 (d), alliance's income of DG1, DG2, DG1 and DG2 is expressed as：

P({DG₁)=265kW, P ({ DG₂)=345kW, P ({ DG₁、DG₂)=620kW.

According to formula (25), the distribution of interests for solving each DG is as follows：

It follows that reasonable distribution modes of the V=(270kW, 350kW) as alliance 1, the i.e. core of the game；Other The method of salary distribution of alliance with above-mentioned derivation, it is necessary to explanation be do not possess black start-up ability DG individually exert oneself it is not complete Zero is all, it is exerted oneself to be set to and assumes that it possesses black start-up ability DG exerts oneself 90%；During energy source configuration, may be a certain The configuration of DG is exerted oneself out-of-limit, because exerting oneself for DG has boundary in practice, not Infinite bus system, need to only make out-of-limit DG expire Carry, the core of the approximate game.

Embodiment described above is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, not to model of the invention Enclose and be defined, on the premise of design spirit of the present invention is not departed from, those of ordinary skill in the art are to technical side of the invention Various modifications and improvement that case is made, all should fall into the protection domain of claims of the present invention determination.

Claims (9)

1. it is a kind of consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, it is characterised in that it is described Method and step is as follows：

Step 1, the influence that analysis demand response recovers to distribution network failure, the demand response model set up under tou power price is put down Press down the peak value of load curve；

Step 2, target is to the maximum to recover load, using different distributed power source (DG) as game participant, is set up and is closed Make game and non-cooperative game Restoration model；

Step 3, provides cooperation and noncooperation game method；

Step 4, according to DG utilization rate (Utilization Rate, UR) and load restoration rate (restoration rate, RR) index is finely adjusted to isolated island scope, obtains optimal recovery scheme, i.e. Nash Equilibrium Solution；Realize the maximum of dead electricity load Recover, reasonable disposition is carried out to the energy.

2. it is according to claim 1 consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, Characterized in that, the method for building up of demand response model is as follows under the influence of tou power price：

Peak-valley TOU power price implements the power consumption variation relation such as following formula of front and rear user, it can thus be concluded that user response after bidding price adjustment Electricity:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{Q}_1\\ Q_2\\ Q_3\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{Q}_{01}\\ Q_{02}\\ Q_{03}\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{ccc}{Q}_{01}& 0& 0\\ 0& Q_{02}& 0\\ 0& 0& Q_{03}\end{array}\right]E\left[\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{\Δ}{P}_1/P_1\\ \mathrm{\Δ}{P}_2/P_2\\ {\mathrm{\ΔP}}_3/P_3\end{array}\right]$

In formula：Q₀₁、Q₀₂、Q₀₃The power consumption of user, Q under the traditional Respondence to the Price of Electric Power of expression₁、Q₂、Q₃Represent Peak-valley TOU power price response The power consumption of lower user, E is price elasticity matrix of demand；Δ P/P represents variable quantity before and after bidding price adjustment；

It is target making Peak-valley TOU power price with peak load shifting to reach the purpose that Demand-side optimizes load curve, ensures load Curve maximum peak minimum loads, minimum paddy load is maximized, so as to improve load curve, improve system operation sustainability and Stability；Object function is：

$\underset{{\mathrm{\φ}}_1,{\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\min }\underset{i=1,2,3}{max}\left(L_{oi}\right(t)+\frac{Q_i-Q_{0i}}{T_i\mathrm{\Δ}t})$

$\underset{{\mathrm{\φ}}_1,{\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\min }\underset{i=1,2,3}{max}\left(L_{oi}\right(t)+\frac{Q_i-Q_{0i}}{T_i\mathrm{\Δ}t})-\underset{i=1,2,3}{\min }\left(L_{oi}\right(t)+\frac{Q_i-Q_{0i}}{T_i\mathrm{\Δ}t})\]$

In formula：L_0iT () is optimization preload；Δ t is day part duration；It is that each period power consumption changes at this Period is shared；

Need to meet following two constraintss, ensure that user side average electricity price level does not go up after carrying out Peak-valley TOU power price： Peak valley drift, the even phenomenon such as peak valley perversion will not be caused because of overreact；Formula is represented respectively

$\frac{P_0\left(\right(1+{\mathrm{\φ}}_1)Q_1+Q_2+(1-{\mathrm{\φ}}_2)Q_3)}{Q_1+Q_2+Q_3}\≤P_0$

In formula：P₀Represent the average power purchase price , $/kW.h of user before carrying out time-of-use tariffs；

0.8L≤L^*≤1.2L

In formula：L is user response tou power price preload, L^*It is user response tou power price afterload.

3. it is according to claim 1 consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, Characterized in that, the method for building up of cooperative game and non-cooperative game Restoration model is as follows：

3.1 game participants and method

Can be substantially divided three classes according to DG different qualities, 1) do not possess the DG of black start-up ability；2) possesses black start-up ability Cleaning DG；3) possesses traditional DG of black start-up ability；The virtual DG for selecting one to be formed along with EV in three class DG respectively more than As game participant；Participant includes：The virtual DG and diesel-driven generator shape formed containing light storage DG, DG, EV without light storage Into DG；

(1) non-cooperative game

Assuming that there is n DG, the n set of game participant can be expressed as N={ A_j, wherein j=1,2 ..., n；Each DG's Method is to determine the zoning of isolated island, A_iReconstructing method be expressed as φ_i={ L_i, i.e., the load aggregation that certain DG is included, its In, L_iRepresent the load bus included in i-th DG isolated islands region；

(2) cooperative game

Cooperative game is that (characteristic function) (N, P) is given in the form of characteristic function, the spy of abbreviation game Levy type, also referred to as alliance's type (coalitional form)；Wherein N still represents the set of participant, and S is the subset of N, represents ginseng Alliance between people,The participant of cooperative game is to participate in game reconstruct in the form of several DG compositions alliance In, the collection of the reconstructing method of cooperative game is combined intoWherein, LL_iRepresent the load included in i-th DG alliances region Node；

3.2 revenue functions

The DG containing light storage represents the interests of clean energy resource photovoltaic generation, referred to as cleans DG；Diesel-driven generator DG exerts oneself stably, referred to as It is traditional DG；The virtual DG that EV is formed is a kind of portable accumulation power supply, both can be electricity in failure with the property of lotus source two Net provides electric discharge service, and absorbs electric energy, referred to as flexible DG as a kind of controllable burden；Define the utilization rate of DG (utilization rate) is used as its revenue function；Formula is as follows：

$UR=\frac{\underset{i\∈C}{\Σ}{L}_i}{P_j}\×100\%$

In formula：P_jIt is j-th DG generated energy for participating in recovering, unit is kW；C is all negative in power supply isolated island region where DG Lotus set；L_iIt is the load of the node i powered by DG, unit is kW；

3.3 Restoration models

3.3.1 object function

In power distribution network power-off in emergency circumstances, using the maximum amount of recovery of load as object function：

$\max F=\underset{i\∈(D_1+D_2+D_3)}{\Σ}{\mathrm{\λ}}_i{L}_{i-get}$

In formula：λ_iIt is the state variable of load, is 0 during load i dead electricity, is 1 when obtaining electric；L_i-getIt is the load that node i is recovered, kW；

Define load restoration rate (restoration rate, RR) to evaluate load restoration relative prevalence, formula is as follows：

$RR=\frac{\underset{i\∈E}{\Σ}{L^{*}}_i}{\underset{i\∈E}{\Σ}{L}_i}\×100\%$

In formula：L_iIt is the load value of node i, unit is kW；For the load that node i is recovered, unit is kW；E is all loads Set；

3.3.2 constraints

(1) radial structure, its formula is as follows：

g_k∈G_k

In formula：g_kIt is the power supply area for having recovered；G_kTo ensure the radial all topological structure set of power distribution network；

(2) capacity-constrained of each circuit of power distribution network

I_l≤I_lmax, (l=1,2 ..., n)

In formula：I_lTo flow through the electric current of l；I_lmaxTo flow through the maximum current of circuit l；N is power distribution network branch road quantity；

(3) node voltage constraint

U_imin≤U_i≤U_imax, (i=1,2 ..., m)

In formula：U_iminIt is the lower limit of node i voltage；U_imaxIt is the upper limit of node i voltage；M is power distribution network number of nodes；

(4) DG units limits

$P_{DG}^{\min }\left(t\right)\≤P_{0G}\left(t\right)\≤P_{DG}^{\max }\left(t\right)$

In formula：P_DGT () is actually exerted oneself for t DG's；For the lower limit that t DG exerts oneself；It is t DG The upper limit exerted oneself；

(5) energy storage device discharge and recharge constraint

$P_{dis}^{\min }\≤P_{dis}\left(t\right)\≤P_{dis}^{\max }$

$P_{ch}^{\min }\≤P_{ch}\left(t\right)\≤P_{ch}^{\max }$

In formula：P_disT () is the actual discharge power of t energy storage device；It is the upper limit of energy storage device discharge power； It is the lower limit of energy storage device discharge power；P_chT () is the actual charge power of energy storage device；It is energy storage device charge power The upper limit；It is the lower limit of energy storage device charge power；

(6) EV discharge and recharges constraint

1) EV charge-discharge batteries constraint

S_chmin≤S_ch(t)≤S_chmax

S_mastermin≤S_master(t)

In formula：S_chminAnd S_chmaxTo ensure the minimum and maximum discharge and recharge constraint of battery life, to prevent undue discharge and recharge； S_masterminIt is the minimum discharge condition of car owner's acceptable；

2) EV discharge and recharges constraint

EV is in addition to meeting battery and constraining, in addition it is also necessary to meets the power constraint of itself, and is not simultaneously in charging and discharging state；

0≤P_ch(t)≤P_chmax

0≤P_dis(t)≤P_dismax

P_ch(t)·P_dis(t)=0

In formula：P_chmaxAnd P_dismaxRespectively EV maximum charges and discharge power are constrained.

4. it is according to claim 1 consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, It is characterized in that：The Non-cooperative, in non-cooperative game recovery, each DG recovers dead electricity and bears as much as possible Lotus, after failure generation, the recovered part dead electricity loads alone of the DG with black start-up ability do not carry out any ditch with other DG Lead to and cooperate；Each DG carries out the search of isolated island tree using respective power supply as root node, then stops until searching off-capacity, from And form isolated island search tree；There are some loads in each downstream with the isolated island tree of the DG formation of black starting-up；Searching for Cheng Zhong, can run into the situation that several different loads select one, if the n importance degree grade of load is different, then select important etc. The load of level preferentially recovers；If the importance degree grade of n load is identical, then the load for selecting load value big preferentially recovers, can To increase the utilization rate of DG；Competition between DG is a kind of disorderly competition, and the rule of " overlord's formula " are followed when isolated island is divided Then.

5. it is according to claim 4 consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, Characterized in that, " the overlord's formula " that the non-cooperative game is deferred to is regular, particular content is as follows：

Regular (one)：If running into isolated island region has the situation of overlap, then the node in overlapping region is according to apart from the remote of DG Closely nearer isolated island is contained at random to be recovered；

Regular (two)：If running into the situation that some isolated island region is contained in another isolated island completely, treatment is with rule one；

Regular (three)：Even if thering is interconnection switch to be connected between two DG isolated islands, but do not interconnected by interconnection switch；

Do not exist any cooperation between each DG, it is impossible to coordinate recovery well, the energy dissipation of part DG can be caused, and There is sub-load not to be restored but.

6. it is according to claim 1 consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, Characterized in that, the content of the cooperative game method is as follows：

(1) the preferential boot sequence for determining DG；

(2) the isolated island division rule based on cooperative game is formulated；

(3) DG coordinated in alliance exerts oneself.

7. it is according to claim 6 consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, Characterized in that, the isolated island division rule that DG starts in cooperative game, equally with DG as root node, the searching method of isolated island tree is same Identical described in non-cooperative game, the rule followed when each DG isolated island region is divided is different；Particular content is as follows：

Regular (one)：If the scope for some isolated island occur is completely contained in another isolated island, then the two isolated island cooperations, with Common capacity carries out isolated island tree range searching；

Regular (two)：If intersecting situation occur in two scopes of isolated island, treatment is with rule ()；

Regular (three)：If containing interconnection switch between two isolated island scopes, treatment is with rule ()；

Regular (four)：If there is the situation specified in four rules as more than in isolated island alliance and another isolated island, can be to isolated island Alliance is extended；

Regular (five)：According to the revenue function of each DG, the isolated island region or isolated island alliance region formed to each DG carry out micro- Adjust.

8. it is according to claim 7 consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, Characterized in that, the revenue function of the DG, the DG containing light storage represents the interests of clean energy resource photovoltaic generation, with environmentally friendly receipts Benefit；Diesel-driven generator DG exerts oneself stably, with reliable income；The virtual DG that EV is formed is a kind of portable accumulation power supply, With the property of lotus source two, both in failure for power network provides electric discharge service, and electric energy can be absorbed as a kind of controllable burden；It is each Class DG is intended to the energy of itself and is fully utilized recover dead electricity load as much as possible, so as to obtain larger value, defines The utilization rate (Utilization Rate, UR) of DG is used as its revenue function；

$UR=\frac{\underset{i\∈C}{\Σ}{L}_i}{P_j}\×100\%$

In formula：P_jIt is j-th DG generated energy for participating in recovering, unit is kW；C is all negative in power supply isolated island region where DG Lotus set；L_iIt is the load of the node i powered by DG, unit is kW.

9. it is according to claim 6 consider Demand Side Response the active distribution network isolated island restoration methods based on game theory, Characterized in that, the coordination DG exerts oneself, in an isolated island alliance, DG cooperations can recover more loads, and satisfaction is super can Additivity；When coordinating each DG and exerting oneself, it is considered to which the equilibrium allocation of the energy and alliance are split in Game with Coalitions, and this problem is converted into conjunction (N, P, v), wherein P represents that alliance is split to make game form；The process of segmentation is to be to solve for isolated island alliance on electric power energy point The process matched somebody with somebody, can be calculated by calculating the core and Charolais cattle (Sharply value) of game；

According to the thought of Charolais cattle, cost that participant i should bear or the income to be obtained are equal to the participant to every One his average value of the contributrion margin of alliance for being participated in, therefore Shapley methods are used, it is defined as follows：

$v_i\left(P\right)=\underset{i\∈A}{\Σ}\frac{(A-1)!(n-A)!}{n!}\[P\left(A\right)-P(A/i)\]$

In formula：A represents the number participated in isolated island alliance A, and P (A) is the income of alliance A, and P (A/i) represents that player i leaves connection The financial value of alliance after alliance A；

Electric energy distribution is carried out by above Shapley values, the energy source configuration between the DG of alliance can be calculated.