A kind of Ti3C2Tx/ KIT-1 types are classified sulphur carbon composite
Technical field
The present invention relates to nano material synthesis, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of lithium sulfur battery anode material.
Background technology
Lithium-sulfur cell is that, with lithium metal as negative pole, elemental sulfur is the battery system of positive pole.Lithium-sulfur cell is put with two
Level platform(About 2.4 V and 2.1 V), but its electrochemical reaction mechanism is more complicated.Lithium-sulfur cell has specific energy high
(2600 Wh/kg), specific capacity it is high(1675 mAh/g), low cost and other advantages, it is considered to be very promising a new generation's electricity
Pond.But the problems such as there is low active material utilization, low cycle life and poor security at present, this seriously governs lithium
The development of sulphur battery.Causing the main cause of above mentioned problem has the following aspects:(1)Elemental sulfur is electronics and ion insulation
Body, room-temperature conductivity is low(5×10-30S·cm-1), it is because the sulphur without ionic state is present thus tired as positive electrode activation
It is difficult;(2)The many lithium sulfide Li of high poly- state produced in electrode process2Sn(8 > n >=4)It is soluble in electrolyte, positive and negative
Concentration difference is formed between pole, negative pole is moved in the presence of concentration gradient, the poly- many lithium sulfides of state high are reduced into low by lithium metal
The poly- many lithium sulfides of state.The carrying out of reaction more than, the oligomeric many lithium sulfides of state are assembled in negative pole, are finally formed between electrodes
Concentration difference, moves to positive pole and is oxidized to many lithium sulfides of poly- state high again.This phenomenon is referred to as shuttle effect, reduces sulphur activity
The utilization rate of material.While insoluble Li2S and Li2S2Cathode of lithium surface is deposited on, lithium-sulfur cell is further degrading
Performance;(3)Reaction final product Li2S is equally electronic body, can be deposited on sulfur electrode, and lithium ion vulcanizes in solid-state
Migration velocity is slow in lithium, makes electrochemical reaction kinetic rate slack-off;(4)Sulphur and final product Li2The density of S is different, works as sulphur
Rear volumetric expansion about 79% is lithiated, Li is easily caused2The efflorescence of S, causes the safety problem of lithium-sulfur cell.Above-mentioned not enough restriction
The development of lithium-sulfur cell, this is also the Important Problems that current lithium-sulfur cell research needs to solve.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Ti3C2Tx/ KIT-1 types are classified sulphur carbon composite, and this is answered
Carbon material, the Ti that is dispersed in hierarchy carbon material of the condensation material by spherical hierarchy3C2TxWith elemental sulfur composition, classification
Carbon material is in outer layer to elemental sulfur and Ti3C2TxCoated, wherein Ti3C2Tx:Carbon:The mass ratio of sulphur is 0.1-0.3:0.1-
0.3:1, classification carbon material is made up of the micro-pore carbon material of meso-porous carbon material and the organic carbon of external sheath.
The present invention provides a kind of Ti3C2TxThe preparation method of/KIT-1 types classification sulphur carbon composite is as follows:
(1)The silsesquioxane of 1.5mmol octaphenyls eight is added to 70mL 1, it is molten in 60 DEG C of mechanical agitations in 2- dichloroethanes
Solution, adds Ti3AlC2Ceramic powders and KIT-1 powder, stirring form suspension;
(2)Added to addition 2mmol anhydrous Aluminum chlorides catalyst in suspension and 40 mL carbon tetrachloride crosslinking agents, stirring crosslinking
Reaction 10h, after reaction terminates, adds ethanol/water solution, and ethanol/dilute hydrochloric acid solution is washed, washes, is vacuum dried, and obtains forerunner
Body;
(3)Presoma is placed in the Muffle furnace of nitrogen atmosphere protection, the reaction of 900 DEG C 3h2 °C/min high temperature cabonizations;
(4)Product after carbonization is placed in hydrofluoric acid and is performed etching, solution addition deionized water is carried out at centrifugation after corrosion
Reason, then dries sediment, obtains Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material;
(5)By Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material is well mixed with elemental sulfur, is positioned over 155-165 DEG C in the tube furnace of sealing
Reaction 12 hours, is heated to 200 DEG C and is passed through nitrogen reaction 30 minutes, after natural cooling, obtains Ti3C2Tx/ sulphur carbon composite wood
Material.
Step(1)The silsesquioxane of middle octaphenyl eight:The ratio of 1,2- dichloroethanes is 1g:50-100mL, stirring reaction
Temperature is 50-70 DEG C, the silsesquioxane of octaphenyl eight and Ti3AlC2The mass ratio of ceramic powders is 1:0.05-0.5, octaphenyl eight
Silsesquioxane is 1 with the mass ratio of KIT-1:0.05-0.5;
Step(2)Middle catalyst is anhydrous Aluminum chloride, and the quality of catalyst is the 5-10% of the silsesquioxane quality of octaphenyl eight,
Crosslinking agent is carbon tetrachloride, and crosslinking agent quality is 10-40 times of the silsesquioxane quality of octaphenyl eight, and the stirring reaction time is 5-10
Hour, ethanol in ethanol/water solution:The volume ratio of water is 2-4:1, watery hydrochloric acid is for mass fraction in ethanol/dilute hydrochloric acid solution
10% hydrochloric acid solution, ethanol and watery hydrochloric acid volume ratio 2-4:1;
Step(3)Reaction atmosphere in middle Muffle furnace is nitrogen, and 800-1200 DEG C of reaction temperature reaction time 1-5 hours, heats up
1-5 °C/minute of speed;
Step(4)The concentration of middle hydrofluoric acid is 20%-50%, and the time of corrosion is 4-24 hours;
Step(5)Middle Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material is 0.1-0.3 with the mass ratio of elemental sulfur:1, the initial stage is anti-in tube furnace
It is 155-165 DEG C to answer temperature, and the reaction time is 10-20 hours, the reaction temperature after nitrogen is passed through for 180-200 DEG C, during reaction
Between be 10-30 minutes.
The present invention has the advantages that:(1)Ti3C2TxThere is classification in/KIT-1 types classification sulphur carbon composite
Pore structure, by substantial amounts of micropore and it is mesoporous constitute, it is internal it is mesoporous surrounded by outside micropore, the advantage of this structure is,
Sulphur can be injected into the meso-hole structure of inside, and outside less micropore can as a physical barriers of limitation lithium polysulfide
To provide effective storage sulphur space;(2)The carbon material of the composite external sheath effectively limits the motion of sulfenyl material, makes
It is internally moved;(3)Ti in the composite3C2TxOn T be-F groups or-OH groups, with surface of graphene oxide
Oxygen be highly polar group, can in charge and discharge process formed polysulfide form strong chemisorbed, while porous
The micropore of carbon material can also carry out physical absorption to polysulfide, this while the ability with physics and chemisorbed can be effective
Prevention polysulfide motion, reduce shuttle effect generation, improve lithium-sulfur cell life-span.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation technology flow chart of composite of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the charge-discharge performance figure of composite of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, preferably embodiment of the invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
(1)The silsesquioxane of 1g octaphenyls eight is added to 50mL 1, in 2- dichloroethanes, in 50 DEG C of mechanical agitation dissolvings, then
Add 0.05gTi3AlC2Ceramic powders and 0.05g KIT-1 powder, stirring form suspension;
(2)To adding 0.05g anhydrous Aluminum chlorides catalyst and 10g carbon tetrachloride crosslinking agent to add in suspension, stirring crosslinking is anti-
Answer 5 hours, after reaction terminates, add ethanol/water solution, ethanol/dilute hydrochloric acid solution is washed, washes, is vacuum dried, and obtains forerunner
Body;
(3)Presoma is placed in the Muffle furnace of nitrogen atmosphere protection, 800 DEG C of calcinings 5h, 1 °C/min of programming rate;
(4)Product after carbonization is placed in concentration to be etched 24 hours in 20% hydrofluoric acid, solution adds deionized water after corrosion
Centrifugal treating is carried out, then sediment is dried, Ti is obtained3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material;
(5)By 0.1g Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material is well mixed with 1g elemental sulfurs, is positioned over 165 in the tube furnace of sealing
DEG C reaction 10 hours, be heated to 200 DEG C be passed through nitrogen react 10 minutes, after natural cooling, obtain Ti3C2Tx/ KIT-1 types point
Level sulphur carbon composite.
Embodiment 2
(1)The silsesquioxane of 1g octaphenyls eight is added to 100mL 1, in 2- dichloroethanes, in 70 DEG C of mechanical agitation dissolvings, then
Add 0. 5gTi3AlC2Ceramic powders and 0. 5g KIT-1 powder, stirring form suspension;
(2)To adding 0.1g anhydrous Aluminum chlorides catalyst and 40g carbon tetrachloride crosslinking agent to add in suspension, stirring crosslinking is reacted
10 hours, after reaction terminates, ethanol/water solution is added, ethanol/dilute hydrochloric acid solution is washed, washes, is vacuum dried, and obtains presoma;
(3)Presoma is placed in the Muffle furnace of nitrogen atmosphere protection, 1200 DEG C of calcinings 1h, 5 °C/min of programming rate;
(4)Product after carbonization is placed in concentration to be etched 4 hours in 50% hydrofluoric acid, solution adds deionized water to enter after corrosion
Row centrifugal treating, then dries sediment, obtains Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material;
(5)By 0.3g Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material is well mixed with 1g elemental sulfurs, is positioned in the tube furnace of sealing
155 DEG C are reacted 20 hours, are heated to 180 DEG C and are passed through nitrogen reaction 30 minutes, after natural cooling, obtain Ti3C2Tx/ KIT-1
Type is classified sulphur carbon composite.
Embodiment 3
(1)The silsesquioxane of 1g octaphenyls eight is added to 70mL 1, in 2- dichloroethanes, in 60 DEG C of mechanical agitation dissolvings, then
Add 0.1gTi3AlC2Ceramic powders and 0.2g KIT-1 powder, stirring form suspension;
(2)To adding 0.08g anhydrous Aluminum chlorides catalyst and 20g carbon tetrachloride crosslinking agent to add in suspension, stirring crosslinking is anti-
Answer 8 hours, after reaction terminates, add ethanol/water solution, ethanol/dilute hydrochloric acid solution is washed, washes, is vacuum dried, and obtains forerunner
Body;
(3)Presoma is placed in the Muffle furnace of nitrogen atmosphere protection, 1000 DEG C of calcinings 3h, 3 °C/min of programming rate;
(4)Product after carbonization is placed in concentration to be etched 16 hours in 30% hydrofluoric acid, solution adds deionized water to enter after corrosion
Row centrifugal treating, then dries sediment, obtains Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material;
(5)By 0.2g Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material is well mixed with 1g elemental sulfurs, is positioned in the tube furnace of sealing
160 DEG C are reacted 15 hours, are heated to 190 DEG C and are passed through nitrogen reaction 20 minutes, after natural cooling, obtain Ti3C2Tx/ KIT-1
Type is classified sulphur carbon composite.
Embodiment 4
(1)The silsesquioxane of 1g octaphenyls eight is added to 80mL 1, in 2- dichloroethanes, in 65 DEG C of mechanical agitation dissolvings, then
Add 0.2gTi3AlC2Ceramic powders and 0.4g KIT-1 powder, stirring form suspension;
(2)To adding 0.07g anhydrous Aluminum chlorides catalyst and 30g carbon tetrachloride crosslinking agent to add in suspension, stirring crosslinking is anti-
Answer 6 hours, after reaction terminates, add ethanol/water solution, ethanol/dilute hydrochloric acid solution is washed, washes, is vacuum dried, and obtains forerunner
Body;
(3)Presoma is placed in the Muffle furnace of nitrogen atmosphere protection, 900 DEG C of calcinings 4h, 2 °C/min of programming rate;
(4)Product after carbonization is placed in concentration to be etched 10 hours in 40% hydrofluoric acid, solution adds deionized water to enter after corrosion
Row centrifugal treating, then dries sediment, obtains Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material;
(5)By 0.15g Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material is well mixed with 1g elemental sulfurs, is positioned in the tube furnace of sealing
158 DEG C are reacted 18 hours, are heated to 185 DEG C and are passed through nitrogen reaction 25 minutes, after natural cooling, obtain Ti3C2Tx/ KIT-1
Type is classified sulphur carbon composite.
Embodiment 5
(1)The silsesquioxane of 1g octaphenyls eight is added to 60mL 1, in 2- dichloroethanes, in 55 DEG C of mechanical agitation dissolvings, then
Add 0.3gTi3AlC2Ceramic powders and 0.2g KIT-1 powder, stirring form suspension;
(2)To adding 0.09g anhydrous Aluminum chlorides catalyst and 25g carbon tetrachloride crosslinking agent to add in suspension, stirring crosslinking is anti-
Answer 7 hours, after reaction terminates, add ethanol/water solution, ethanol/dilute hydrochloric acid solution is washed, washes, is vacuum dried, and obtains forerunner
Body;
(3)Presoma is placed in the Muffle furnace of nitrogen atmosphere protection, 1100 DEG C of calcinings 2h, 4 °C/min of programming rate;
(4)Product after carbonization is placed in concentration to be etched 12 hours in 35% hydrofluoric acid, solution adds deionized water to enter after corrosion
Row centrifugal treating, then dries sediment, obtains Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material;
(5)By 0.25g Ti3C2Tx/ spherical porous carbon material is well mixed with 1g elemental sulfurs, is positioned in the tube furnace of sealing
1625 DEG C are reacted 13 hours, are heated to 195 DEG C and are passed through nitrogen reaction 20 minutes, after natural cooling, obtain Ti3C2Tx/ KIT-1
Type is classified sulphur carbon composite.
The preparation and performance test of electrode;By composite, acetylene black and PVDF in mass ratio 80:10:10 in NMP
Mixing, it is electrode film to be coated on aluminium foil, and metal lithium sheet is that, to electrode, CELGARD 2400 is barrier film, the LiTFSI/ of 1mol/L
DOL-DME (volume ratios 1:1) it is electrolyte, the LiNO3 of 1mol/L is additive, button electricity is assembled into full of Ar glove boxes
Pond, constant current charge-discharge test is carried out using Land battery test systems.Charging/discharging voltage scope is 1-3V, and current density is
0.5C, performance is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
|
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 2 |
Embodiment 3 |
Embodiment 4 |
Embodiment 5 |
First discharge specific capacity(mAh/g) |
880 |
890 |
881 |
878 |
886 |
Fig. 2 is the charge-discharge performance figure that the composite of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared into lithium-sulfur cell.As can be seen from the figure charge and discharge
Electrical efficiency can reach more than 99%, and first charge-discharge capacity is 920 mAh/g, and efficiency for charge-discharge is 99.2%, 500 discharge and recharges
After circulation, capacity still possesses 73%, illustrates the structure of the composite and can effectively suppress shuttle effect, improves the longevity of sulphur battery
Life.
Above content is to combine specific preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert
Specific implementation of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention,
On the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should be all considered as belonging to of the invention
Protection domain.