CN106876158B - A kind of material and preparation method thereof preparing ultracapacitor - Google Patents
A kind of material and preparation method thereof preparing ultracapacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106876158B CN106876158B CN201710156409.6A CN201710156409A CN106876158B CN 106876158 B CN106876158 B CN 106876158B CN 201710156409 A CN201710156409 A CN 201710156409A CN 106876158 B CN106876158 B CN 106876158B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of material preparing ultracapacitor, the material is to mix Ni nano Co O, wherein the mass percents of the Ni in the material are 3% ~ 10%.The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned material comprising following step:S100:Autoclave is added in nickel salt, cobalt salt, polyvinylpyrrolidone and solvent and is uniformly mixed;S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 4 ~ 48 h at 100 ~ 300 DEG C;S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, supernatant liquor is discarded after being centrifuged;S400:Lower part sediment is dried and can be obtained the material for preparing ultracapacitor.Specific capacitance using the ultracapacitor of the material preparation is efficient, conducts electricity very well, and stability is high, and price is relatively cheap.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical preparation field more particularly to a kind of material that can be used in preparing ultracapacitor and its systems
Preparation Method.
Background technology
With the development of society, energy crisis has caused the mankind to following worry, new energy is as a kind of environmentally protective
Sustainable development pattern has caused the sympathetic response of society, has obtained a large amount of research and development.Ultracapacitor is as a kind of new
The energy storage device of type, specific power is big, charge/discharge rates are fast, has extended cycle life, stability height, can be widely used in the energy, electricity
The fields such as son, wireless communication, aerospace are a kind of potential storing up electricity tools.Electrode active material is as super capacitor
The most critical component part of device, performance quality directly decide every chemical property index of ultracapacitor.
Current ultracapacitor active material is broadly divided into carbon material, metal oxide and conducting polymer.Carbon material
Generally possessing bigger specific surface area, electric conductivity is also relatively good, and cyclical stability is higher, but due to being electric double layer capacitance
Device, specific capacitance are relatively low.Metal oxide and conducting polymer are the electrode material for super capacitor based on Faraday pseudo-capacitance.It leads
Although electric polymer specific capacitance is higher, its stability difference cycle life is short, and application also receives larger limitation.Metal oxygen
Compound is a kind of excellent ultracapacitor active material, and specific capacitance is higher.Wherein RuO2Specific capacitance is high, good conductivity, stablizes
Property it is high, obtained certain commercial development and application.But ruthenium is as noble metal higher price, and it is toxic, greatly
Limit its commercialized application.
Invention content
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of materials being used to prepare ultracapacitor.Through experiment, use
The specific capacitance of the ultracapacitor of the material preparation is efficient, conducts electricity very well, and stability is high, and price compare it is relatively low
It is honest and clean.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of material preparing ultracapacitor, the material is to mix Ni nano Co O, wherein the Ni is in the material
Mass percent be 3% ~ 10 %.
Preferably, the mass percents of the Ni in the material are 5% ~ 7 %.
Wherein, described to mix Ni nano Cos O be size is 10 ~ 100 nm, and the rocksalt types with octahedral shape are received
Rice CoO.Ni elements are uniformly incorporated into nano Co O lattices.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned material for preparing ultracapacitor, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
S100:Autoclave is added in nickel salt, cobalt salt, polyvinylpyrrolidone and solvent and is uniformly mixed;It is wherein described
The weight part ratio of nickel salt, cobalt salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.1 ~ 400:0.3~300:0.1 ~ 300, the nickel salt with it is described
The solid-to-liquid ratio of solvent is 0.1 ~ 400:10~1000(g/ml);
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 4 ~ 48 h at 100 ~ 300 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried and can be obtained the material for preparing ultracapacitor.
Wherein, the cobalt salt is one or more mixtures of cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate or cobaltous sulfate.
Wherein, the nickel salt is one or more mixtures of nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate or nickel sulfate.
Wherein, the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol or nonpolar solvent.Nonpolar solvent can be chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride
Deng.
Wherein, the drying in step S400 carries out under vacuum.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1)The material for being used to prepare ultracapacitor of the present invention is to mix Ni nano Co O, using the super of this material preparation
The specific capacitance of grade capacitor is efficient, conducts electricity very well, and stability is high, and less expensive.
(2)The preparation method of the material of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, is highly suitable for commercial Application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the perseverance electricity for mixing Ni nano Cos O and pure nano Co O as ultracapacitor active material that embodiment one obtains
Flow charging and discharging curve(Current density is 2 A/g).
Specific implementation mode
Inventor has found transition metal oxides and the RuO such as Co, Ni, Mn, V2Also there is similar performance, and resource is opposite
It is abundant, it is cheap, become and gets a good chance of replacing RuO2Ultracapacitor active material.
CoO is a kind of common transition metal oxide, is up to as ultracapacitor active material theoretical capacity
3000 F/g, but nano Co O is also seldom in ultracapacitor chemical property research field, the CoO of only report is than electricity
Also there is a big difference with its theoretical specific capacitance for appearance, and improving its specific capacitance becomes a urgent task.The present invention is by simply changing
The specific capacitance of CoO can effectively be improved by learning doping, easy to operate, practical, there is the wider scope of application.
Embodiment one
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:By 0.2 g nickel chlorides, the absolute ethyl alcohol of 0.6 g cobalt chlorides, 0.2 g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 60 ml
Autoclave is added and is uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 6.5 h at 165 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Co O samples 1.
Comparative example one
The pure nano Co O of this comparative example.Preparation method includes the following steps:
S100:Autoclave is added simultaneously in the absolute ethyl alcohol of 0.6 g cobalt chlorides, 0.2 g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 60 ml
It is uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 6.5 h at 165 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried and can be obtained the pure nano Co O of contrast sample.
Comparative example two
The nano Co O of this comparative example agraphitic carbon package.Preparation method includes the following steps:
S100:Autoclave is added in the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 g glucose, 0.375 g cobalt acetates and 30 ml and is mixed equal
It is even;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 4 h at 180 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried.
S500:30 min are heated under 450 DEG C of nitrogen protections to the powder after drying, you can obtain contrast sample without fixed
The nano Co O of shape carbon package.
Comparative example three
The nanometer Mn of this comparative example agraphitic carbon package3O4.Preparation method includes the following steps:
S100:Autoclave is added in the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 g glucose, 0.368 g manganese acetates and 30 ml and is mixed equal
It is even;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 4 h at 180 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried.
S500:30 min are heated under 450 DEG C of nitrogen protections to the powder after drying, you can obtain contrast sample without fixed
The Mn of shape carbon package3O4。
The sample that embodiment one is obtained carries out contrast experiment with comparative example.
One, specific capacitance evaluation of the sample as ultracapacitor active material under different current densities.
(1)Pure phase nanometer CoO, the conductive agent for mixing nickel nano Co O and comparative example obtains that embodiment one is obtained(Acetylene
It is black), binder(Polyvinylidene fluoride)By 8:1:1 mass ratio is added after ethyl alcohol is sufficiently mixed and is coated to foam nickel surface,
Under 10 MPa ultracapacitor working electrode is may act as after pressure-like.Again using Pt electrodes as comparison electrode, calomel electrode is reference
Electrode surveys its constant current charge-discharge curve, then by its turn using the NaOH of 3 mol/L as electrolyte under different current densities
It is changed to specific capacitance.
(2)Pure phase nanometer CoO, the conductive agent that comparative example one is obtained(Acetylene black), binder(Polyvinylidene fluoride)It presses
8:1:1 mass ratio is added after ethyl alcohol is sufficiently mixed and is coated to foam nickel surface, may act as after pressure-like at 10 MPa super
Capacitor working pole.Again using Pt electrodes as comparison electrode, calomel electrode is reference electrode, is electrolysis with the NaOH of 3 mol/L
Liquid surveys its constant current charge-discharge curve under different current densities, is then converted into specific capacitance.
(3)Nano Co O, the conductive agent for the amorphous carbon package that comparative example two is obtained(Acetylene black), binder(Poly- inclined two
Vinyl fluoride)By 8:1:1 mass ratio is added after ethyl alcohol is sufficiently mixed and is coated to foam nickel surface, at 10 MPa after pressure-like
Serve as ultracapacitor working electrode.Again using Pt electrodes as comparison electrode, calomel electrode is reference electrode, with mass fraction for 3%
NaOH solution be electrolyte, its constant current charge-discharge curve is surveyed under different current densities, is then converted into specific capacitance.
(4)The Mn for the amorphous carbon package that comparative example two is obtained3O4, conductive agent(Acetylene black), binder(Gather inclined difluoro
Ethylene)By 8:1:1 mass ratio is added after ethyl alcohol is sufficiently mixed and is coated to foam nickel surface, can be filled after pressure-like at 10 MPa
When ultracapacitor working electrode.Again using Pt electrodes as comparison electrode, calomel electrode is reference electrode, with 0.5mol/LNa2SO4
For electrolyte, its constant current charge-discharge curve is surveyed under different current densities, is then converted into specific capacitance.
Four comparing result is as shown in table 1:
Specific capacitance under the different current densities of table 1
From the specific capacitance under different current densities in Fig. 1 and table 1 it is found that the nanometer wrapped up with pure nano Co O, amorphous carbon
The Mn of CoO and amorphous carbon package3O4It compares, mixing specific capacitances of the Ni nano Cos O as ultracapacitor active material when has
It is apparent to improve, 100 F/g or more are increased, and also have very high cycle steady using the electrode that Ni nano Cos O makes is mixed
It is qualitative.Under 2 A/g current densities, Ni nano Cos O is mixed as ultracapacitor active material after 500 charge and discharge cycles
Specific capacitance becomes 293 F/g, and specific capacitance efficiency is up to 108%.
Two, specific capacitance evaluation of the sample as ultracapacitor active material under different scanning speed.
Electrode preparation is same as above, and potential window is selected to survey its cyclic voltammetry curve i.e. under different scanning speed for 0-0.4 V
Can, being converted to specific capacitance, the results are shown in Table 2.
Specific capacitance after 2 CoO of table mixes Ni before modified under different scanning speed
By the specific capacitance under 2 different scanning speed of table it is found that by the specific capacitance for mixing Ni nano Cos O and pure nano Co O phases
Than have be obviously improved and constant current charge-discharge under specific capacitance there is the proximity of height, performance of the supercapacitor to obtain
Apparent optimization.
Embodiment two
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:By 0.2 g nickel chlorides, the absolute ethyl alcohol of 0.6 g cobalt chlorides, 0.2g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 60 ml
Autoclave is added and is uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 24 h at 300 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Co O samples 1.
Through experiment, the specific capacitance for mixing Ni nano Cos O of embodiment two improves 53% or more.
Embodiment three
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:By 0.2 g nickel chlorides, the absolute ethyl alcohol of 0.6 g cobalt chlorides, 0.2 g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 60 ml
Autoclave is added and is uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 24 h at 100 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Co O samples 1.
Through experiment, the specific capacitance for mixing Ni nano Cos O of embodiment two improves 70% or more.
Example IV
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:By 0.2 g nickel chlorides, the absolute ethyl alcohol of 0.6 g cobalt chlorides, 0.2g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 60 ml
Autoclave is added and is uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 48 h at 100 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Co O samples 1.
Through experiment, the specific capacitance for mixing Ni nano Cos O of embodiment two improves 60% or more.
Embodiment five
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:By the anhydrous second of 0.1 g nickel chlorides, 0.3 g cobalt chlorides, 0.3 g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 100 ml
Alcohol is added autoclave and is uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 4 h at 100 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Cos O.
Embodiment six
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:The chloroform of 10 g nickel sulfates, 20 g cobalt nitrates, 100 g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 300 ml are added
Autoclave is simultaneously uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 10 h at 150 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Cos O.
Embodiment seven
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:By 100 g nickel nitrates, the carbon tetrachloride of 100 g cobalt acetates, 10 g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 500 ml
Autoclave is added and is uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 20 h at 200 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Cos O.
Embodiment eight
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:The benzene of 200 g nickel acetates, 150 g cobaltous sulfates, 200 g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 700 ml are added
Autoclave is simultaneously uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 20 h at 300 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Cos O.
Embodiment nine
The material-for preparing ultracapacitor is mixed the preparation method of Ni nano Cos O and is included the following steps:
S100:The benzene of 400 g nickel acetates, 300 g cobaltous sulfates, 300 g polyvinylpyrrolidones and 1000 ml are added
Autoclave is simultaneously uniformly mixed;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 48 h at 300 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling, it is separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water is washed, into
Row discards supernatant liquor after centrifuging;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried to can be obtained and mixes Ni nano Cos O.
Several embodiments of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Cannot the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention therefore be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be subject to claim.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of material preparing ultracapacitor, which is characterized in that the material is to mix Ni nano Co O, wherein the Ni exists
Mass percent in the material is 3% ~ 10 %;The Ni nano Cos O that mixes has the rocksalt type nanometers of octahedral shape
CoO。
2. material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the size for mixing Ni nano Cos O is 10 ~ 100 nm.
3. the preparation method of the material for preparing ultracapacitor described in claim 1 and 2 any one, which is characterized in that packet
Include following step:
S100:Autoclave is added in nickel salt, cobalt salt, polyvinylpyrrolidone and solvent and is uniformly mixed;The wherein described nickel salt,
The weight part ratio of cobalt salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.1 ~ 400:0.3~300:0.1 ~ 300, the nickel salt and the solvent
Solid-to-liquid ratio be 0.1 ~ 400:10~1000;
S200:Reactant in autoclave is heated into 4 ~ 48 h at 100 ~ 300 DEG C;
S300:After the completion of heating, after autoclave cooling after, be separately added into absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water washed, carry out from
Supernatant liquor is discarded after heart separation;
S400:Lower part sediment is dried and can be obtained the material for preparing ultracapacitor.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the cobalt salt is cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate or sulfuric acid
One or more mixtures of cobalt.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the nickel salt is nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate or sulphur
One or more mixtures of sour nickel.
6. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol or nonpolar solvent.
7. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the drying in step S400 carries out under vacuum.
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CN102509628A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 南开大学 | Nanometre Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 composite material for super-capacitor and preparation method of nanometre Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 composite material |
CN103359796A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-10-23 | 上海大学 | Preparation method of supercapacitor cobaltous oxide electrode material |
CN103578772A (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-02-12 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Active material used for capacitor electrode and preparation method of active material |
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CN102509628A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 南开大学 | Nanometre Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 composite material for super-capacitor and preparation method of nanometre Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 composite material |
CN103578772A (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-02-12 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Active material used for capacitor electrode and preparation method of active material |
CN103359796A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-10-23 | 上海大学 | Preparation method of supercapacitor cobaltous oxide electrode material |
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