CN106872585B - A kind of wheel blank axial ultrasonic wave inspection method - Google Patents
A kind of wheel blank axial ultrasonic wave inspection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106872585B CN106872585B CN201710190531.5A CN201710190531A CN106872585B CN 106872585 B CN106872585 B CN 106872585B CN 201710190531 A CN201710190531 A CN 201710190531A CN 106872585 B CN106872585 B CN 106872585B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000272 proprioceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to wheel blank axial ultrasonic wave inspection surface compensation methodes, belong to technical field of nondestructive testing.After this method makes test block, the back wave of each test block ontology and the back wave of flat-bottom hole are detected with normal probe, one by one the described point in coordinate diagram, obtain ontology distance-amplitude curve and initial flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve with smooth curve connection each point；When practical flaw detection, by the reflection wave amplitude ratio of respective thickness on workpiece bottom reflection wave amplitude and test block ontology distance-amplitude curve compared with obtaining surface offset；Flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve after being compensated with surface offset to initial flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve, after being calibrated；It treats and visits workpiece and detected, after finding defect, defect sound path distance and reflection wave amplitude on the flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve after calibrating at respective distances compared with flat-bottom hole wave amplitude, are obtained defect flat-bottomed hole equivalent.Multi items, each specification wheel blank axial ultrasonic wave inspection can be readily achieved without carrying test block using the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supersonic testing method, especially a kind of wheel blank axial ultrasonic wave inspection method belongs to
Technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technique
Reference block method is that wheel blank axial ultrasonic wave inspection determines flaw detection sensitivity and evaluation defect flat-bottomed hole equivalent
One of method.11259 standard of GB/T provides that reference block must be using the material same or similar with gear blank to be checked, identical
The production of condition of heat treatment material.In order to facilitate checked operation, each is checked and accepted flat-bottomed hole equivalent and makes a set of reference block.When
Gear kind, specification be more or flaw detection place is more and not at areal or everywhere all must fixation the whole series test block,
The personnel of flaw detection, which need to accompany, carries a whole set of test block, as a result considerably increases testing and management cost.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, proposing a kind of without carrying test block
The defect detection on ultrasonic basis of multi items, the flaw detection of each specification is completed, so that greatly convenience for ultrasonic wave inspection operates.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for the present invention includes following steps: the first step, production at least four materials and heat
Processing status and workpiece to be visited be consistent, thickness is by the thin examination for being formed with aperture and the identical flat-bottom hole of depth to thick gradually incremental and bottom surface
Block, wherein most thin test block thickness is equal to normal probe near field length, the buried depth in secondary thin test block flat-bottom hole distance measurement face is straight
The thickness of probe near field length, most thick test block is 20mm at least bigger than the thickness for most treating somebody kindly spy workpiece；Second step, by ultrasonic wave
Defectoscope detects the back wave of each test block ontology and the back wave of flat-bottom hole, obtains detection result data；Third step will be visited
Surveying result data one by one is being described point in horizontal, ordinate coordinate diagram with ultrasonic reflections distance and reflection wave amplitude, and with smooth
Curve is separately connected the data point of each test block proprioceptive reflex wave and each test block flat-bottom hole reflected waveform data point in coordinate diagram, obtains this
Body distance-amplitude curve and initial flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve；
4th step detects workpiece to be visited by supersonic detector, and by workpiece bottom reflection wave amplitude and test block ontology away from
Reflection wave amplitude ratio from respective thickness on-amplitude curve is compared with obtaining surface offset；5th step, with surface offset to first
Flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve after beginning flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve compensates, after being calibrated；It is 6th step, right
Workpiece to be visited is detected, when finding defect, by the flat-bottom hole distance-after defect sound path distance and reflection wave amplitude and calibration
Flat-bottom hole wave amplitude on amplitude curve at respective distances compares, and obtains defect flat-bottomed hole equivalent.
It can be seen that after applying the present invention, multi items, each specification wheel blank axis can be readily achieved without carrying test block
It is operated to ultrasonic examination.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is the detection test block schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is that the back wave of each test block ontology of the embodiment of the present invention one detects schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the ontology distance-amplitude curve schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 4 is that the back wave of each test block flat-bottom hole of the embodiment of the present invention one detects schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 6 is that the surface offset △ dB of the embodiment of the present invention one obtains schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
Test and research show workpiece surface roughness be influence reference block method defect quantitative precision it is main because
Element.The present embodiment is used for the axial ultrasonic wave inspection of wheel blank, detects all materials with a set of flat-bottom hole test block in order to realize
Matter and the consistent wheel blank of condition of heat treatment, and test block is not needed with flaw detection flow of personnel, and basic opening one's minds is to adopt
With distance-amplitude curve method of production test block itself bottom wave, this curve is stored into digital ultrasonic flaw detector
In one channel (analog supersonic detector can use graph paper Freehandhand-drawing), while making distance-wave of flat-bottom hole in test block
Width curve, be also stored into the different channel of digital ultrasonic flaw detector (analog supersonic detector can with sit
Millimeter paper Freehandhand-drawing).When practical flaw detection, it is only necessary to by practical gear blank Bottom echo height with the wave of test block itself bottom at a distance from-wave amplitude song
The echo height of line same depth point compares, and obtains surface offset, then by surface offset be included in initial flat-bottom hole away from
From in-amplitude curve, i.e., implementable ultrasonic examination.
Specific step is as follows for the present embodiment: the first step, as shown in Figure 1, production four materials and condition of heat treatment with to
Visit wheel blank is consistent, thickness by it is thin to thick gradually incremental and bottom surface be formed with No. 1 to No. 4 of aperture identical flat-bottom hole with depth it is rectangular
Body test block.In view of in normal probe ultrasonic acoustic field characteristic, (according to the definition of textbook: near field length is straight visits near field length
Head diameter square is divided by four times of ultrasonic wavelength d2/4 λ --- d is ultrasonic probe diameter, and λ is ultrasonic wavelength) at sound field sound
Axis acoustic pressure is maximum, exponentially declines later, the test block bottom pitch of waves from-amplitude curve and test block flat-bottom hole away from
If made from-amplitude curve not near field length, it is impossible to which the sound pressure variations rule of true reflection reflector gives defect
Quantitatively bring error.Therefore, No. 1 most thin test block thickness H1 be equal to normal probe near field length, secondary No. 2 thin test block flat-bottom holes away from
It is also normal probe near field length H1 from test surface buried depth.
The thickness of No. 3 test blocks and No. 4 test blocks of the present embodiment presses No. 1 test block respectively and the thickness difference of No. 2 test blocks is incremented by.It is real
As long as the thickness of most thick test block at least visits the big 20mm or more (the present embodiment 25mm) of thickness of workpiece than most treating somebody kindly on border,
The thickness of each test block is not necessarily forming arithmetic series.
3.2 μm of surface smoothness of each test block are not less than the surface smoothness of practical wheel blank workpiece to be visited, because digital
Formula supersonic detector is typically only capable to the offset that input numerical value is positive.
Second step, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, the reflection of each test block ontology is separately detected by digital ultrasonic flaw detector
The back wave of wave and flat-bottom hole.
Detection result data are being one by one horizontal, ordinate with ultrasonic reflections distance mm and reflection wave amplitude dB by third step
Coordinate diagram in described point, it is flat to be separately connected the data point of each test block proprioceptive reflex wave and each test block in coordinate diagram with smooth curve
Hole reflected waveform data point obtains the initial flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve B of ontology distance-the amplitude curve A and Fig. 5 of Fig. 3.
4th step, by supersonic detector axial detection wheel blank to be visited, by workpiece bottom reflection wave amplitude and test block sheet
The reflection wave amplitude ratio of respective thickness is compared with obtaining surface offset △ dB, as shown in Figure 6 on body distance-amplitude curve A.
5th step, by surface offset △ dB input supersonic detector, generate with offset to initial flat-bottom hole away from
From-amplitude curve compensate after calibration flat-bottom hole with a distance from-amplitude curve.
6th step, treat visit wheel blank workpiece axially detected, find defect when, the defect sound path distance detected
With reflection wave amplitude compared with the flat-bottom hole wave amplitude on the flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve after calibration at respective distances, institute is obtained
The defect flat-bottomed hole equivalent needed.
Practical material when detection is identical with condition of heat treatment, the identical product of examination flat-bottomed hole equivalent of the present embodiment is classified as
One kind, unified to make a set of reference block, flaw detection personnel only need in the lab with defined probe in digital type ultrasound wave
Distance-wave amplitude of distance-amplitude curve and flat-bottom hole that this group of flat-bottom hole reference block Bottom echo is made on defectoscope is bent
Line, scene are only needed when detecting a flaw test block bottom at workpiece bottom echo and test block Bottom echo distance-amplitude curve same depth
The wave amplitude of face echo compares, and obtains surface offset, surface offset input digital ultrasonic flaw detector, that is, implementable
Ultrasonic examination, it is practical.It was verified that using completely can be to avoid the prior art after the method for the present embodiment the drawbacks of,
Greatly enhancing flaw detection flexibility and raising detection efficiency.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.For example, the thickness of each test block presses geometric progression
Other way etc. non-arithmetic series gradually increases；For another example each test block can also be in cylindrical body；Etc..It is all using equivalent replacement or
The technical solution that equivalent transformation is formed, falls within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of wheel blank axial ultrasonic wave inspection method, includes the following steps:
The first step, production at least four materials and condition of heat treatment is consistent with workpiece to be visited, thickness by thin gradually incremental to thickness and
Bottom surface is formed with the test block of aperture identical flat-bottom hole with depth, wherein most thin test block thickness is equal to normal probe near field length, secondary thin examination
The buried depth in block flat-bottom hole distance measurement face is normal probe near field length, and the thickness of most thick test block visits the thick of workpiece than most treating somebody kindly
Spend at least big 20mm；
The back wave of second step, the back wave that each test block ontology is detected by supersonic detector and flat-bottom hole, is detected
Result data；
Detection result data are being one by one horizontal, ordinate coordinate diagram with ultrasonic reflections distance and reflection wave amplitude by third step
Middle described point, and be separately connected the data point of each test block proprioceptive reflex wave and each test block flat-bottom hole in coordinate diagram with smooth curve and reflect
Wave number strong point obtains ontology distance-amplitude curve and initial flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve；
4th step detects workpiece to be visited by supersonic detector, and workpiece bottom is reflected wave amplitude and test block ontology distance-
The reflection wave amplitude ratio of respective thickness is compared with obtaining surface offset on amplitude curve；
5th step, after being compensated with surface offset to initial flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve, it is flat after being calibrated
Hole distance-amplitude curve；
6th step, treat visit workpiece detected, when find defect, by defect sound path distance and reflection wave amplitude and calibrate after
Flat-bottom hole wave amplitude on flat-bottom hole distance-amplitude curve at respective distances compares, and obtains defect flat-bottomed hole equivalent.
2. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the thickness of each test block is passed by arithmetic series
Increase.
3. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the thickness of each test block is passed by geometric progression
Increase.
4. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: the surface smoothness of each test block is not low
In the surface smoothness of reality workpiece to be visited.
5. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: each test block is in cuboid.
6. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: each test block is in cylindrical body.
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| CN108287195B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-10-09 | 郭京洋 | Device and method for ultrasonically detecting grain size of high-temperature fastener of thermal power plant |
| CN109507296A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-22 | 中广核工程有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic detection method of command bundle rods for nuclear reactors driving mechanism seal-weld |
| CN109541574A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-29 | 核动力运行研究所 | A kind of ultrasound examination distance gain size curve automatic calibration device and method |
| CN111521690B (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2023-01-24 | 中冶陕压重工设备有限公司 | Curve quantification method for airborne total-acoustic-path workpiece body calibration |
| CN113686961A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Curved surface part ultrasonic full-focusing defect quantitative detection method and system |
| CN115144472B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-05-28 | 东莞灵虎智能科技有限公司 | Optimization calculation method for ultrasonic sensor compensation curve |
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| CN202814935U (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-03-20 | 北京新联铁科技股份有限公司 | Hollow-axis internal flaw distance depth compensation quantitative detection test block |
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| CN1603813A (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-06 | 北京时代之峰科技有限公司 | Digital ultrasonic flaw detector and method for DAC curve making and inward gate stretching |
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Address after: 213011 258 Wuyi Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Patentee after: CRRC Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 213011 258 Wuyi Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Patentee before: CRRC QISHUYAN INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |