CN106867499B - Fracturing fluid composition for delaying crosslinking in ultrahigh-temperature environment - Google Patents
Fracturing fluid composition for delaying crosslinking in ultrahigh-temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracturing fluid composition for delaying crosslinking in an ultrahigh-temperature environment, which comprises a vegetable gum thickening agent, a delaying crosslinking agent, a fracturing auxiliary agent and water, wherein the delaying crosslinking agent is prepared by reacting raw materials comprising trivalent and above metal ester, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine. The fracturing fluid composition can form stable, uniform and suspensible fracturing fluid gel, the time for forming the gel by crosslinking the fracturing fluid can be delayed, and the delay time can be controlled within the range of 3-10 minutes. The jelly viscosity obtained by delaying the crosslinking system is kept above 100mPas at the temperature of 180 ℃ and above. The polymer dosage and the cross-linking agent dosage of the fracturing fluid composition are obviously lower than those of a conventional high-temperature fracturing fluid system, so that the stratum damage of the fracturing fluid is greatly reduced, and the construction cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fracturing fluid composition, in particular to a fracturing fluid composition capable of delaying crosslinking in an ultrahigh-temperature environment.
Background
With the increasing demand of energy in the world and the progress of exploration technology, the exploration and development of oil and gas resources are continuously developed in depth, and more main exploration target layers show a comprehensive sinking trend. The number of abnormal high-temperature deep wells with the well depth of more than 4500m and the temperature of more than 170 ℃ is increasing day by day, and the high temperature and high pressure of a deep layer system bring a plurality of difficulties for the reconstruction of an oil-gas layer.
The method is suitable for a series of problems that the high-temperature resistant fracturing fluid is lack at the temperature of more than 180 ℃, the fracturing design theory and technology of an ultrahigh-temperature reservoir are not matched and the like, and has become a bottleneck for restricting the realization benefit of the exploration and development of the abnormal high-temperature deep well oil and gas field. The existing fracturing fluid under a high-temperature environment forms a crosslinked fracturing fluid gel system by using organic acid ester of high-valence metal ions as a crosslinking agent. Although the organic acid ester of high-valence metal ions as a cross-linking agent can theoretically meet the requirement of thermal stability of a formation environment at a temperature of 180 ℃ or above, the existing high-temperature fracturing fluid has the problems of insufficient temperature resistance, no delayed gelling, large chemical agent dosage and the like, so that the fracturing fluid has poor sand carrying capacity, poor operation safety, complex equipment and high construction cost. Particularly, due to the structural defects of the existing crosslinking agent, metal ions in the crosslinking agent are released intensively in the early stage, and cannot be released synchronously along with the change of the well entering environment, so that the fracturing fluid is crosslinked before being delivered to a bottom-hole stratum, and the pumping pressure is increased.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a fracturing fluid composition. The time for the fracturing fluid composition to crosslink to form a gel may be delayed such that the pumping pressure of the fracturing fluid composition during delivery to the bottom of the well is reduced; and the polymer dosage and the cross-linking agent dosage in the fracturing fluid composition are obviously lower than the corresponding dosage in a conventional high-temperature fracturing fluid system, so that the damage of the fracturing fluid to the stratum is greatly reduced, and the construction cost is greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a fracturing fluid composition comprises a vegetable gum thickener, a delayed crosslinking agent, a fracturing auxiliary agent and water, wherein the delayed crosslinking agent is prepared by reacting raw materials comprising trivalent or more metal ester, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine.
In another possible implementation, the fracturing fluid composition comprises: 0.2-0.8 parts by weight, optionally 0.3-0.6 parts by weight of said vegetable gum thickener; 0.1 to 0.6 parts by weight, optionally 0.2 to 0.4 parts by weight, of said delayed crosslinking agent; 0.2-8 parts by weight, optionally 0.5-3.8 parts by weight of the fracturing additive and 100 parts by weight of the water.
In another possible implementation manner of the fracturing fluid composition, the vegetable gum thickener is a modified vegetable gum thickener which comprises one or more of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG), carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum (CMHPG), sesbania gum, hydroxypropyl sesbania gum and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl sesbania gum; optionally, the vegetable gum thickener is carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar.
In another possible implementation manner of the fracturing fluid composition, the delayed crosslinking agent is formed by mixing trivalent or more metal ester, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine with water to form a uniform phase, and then heating and reacting. Optionally, the weight ratio of the trivalent or more than trivalent metal ester to the glyoxal to the glycerol to the polyethylene polyamine is 1: 1-4: 1-4: 1-4, optionally 1: 2-4: 2-4: 2-4, further optionally 1: 3: 2.5: 3.5.
in another possible implementation manner of the fracturing fluid composition, the water added during the reaction of the delayed crosslinking agent can be deionized water, and the purpose of adding the water is only to uniformly mix the trivalent and above-trivalent metal ester, the glyoxal, the glycerol and the polyethylene polyamine to form a uniform phase, so that the water is in an amount capable of forming the uniform phase.
In another possible implementation manner of the fracturing fluid composition, the delayed crosslinking agent is prepared by mixing trivalent or more metal ester, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine with water to form a uniform phase, and then sealing and heating for reaction at 80-150 ℃ for 2-7 hours; optionally, the heating temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 6 hours; optionally, the reaction temperature is 140 ℃ and 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 hours.
In another possible implementation manner of the fracturing fluid composition, the metal ester includes one or more of chromium ester, zirconium ester and titanium ester, and may be selected from zirconium ester or titanium ester; the esterified chromium may be triisopropyl chromium (III) acid ester; the esterified zirconium can be one or more of tetraisopropyl zirconate, tetra-n-propyl zirconate and tetra-n-butyl zirconate; the esterified titanium may be one or more of tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, and diacetone titanate.
In another possible implementation manner of the fracturing fluid composition, the polyethylene polyamine comprises one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine and pentaethylenehexamine; can be selected from the mixture of ethylenediamine, triethylene tetramine and pentaethylene hexamine, and the mixing ratio is 1:0.01-5:0.01-3.5, and can be selected as 1:2: 1.5.
In another possible implementation manner, the fracturing fluid composition comprises one or more of a bactericide, a gel breaker, a clay stabilizer, a pH regulator and a cleanup additive.
In another possible implementation manner, the fracturing fluid composition comprises, relative to 100 parts by weight of water in the fracturing fluid composition:
the content of the bactericide can be 0 to 0.7 weight part, optionally 0.05 to 0.7 weight part, and further optionally 0.1 to 0.3 weight part;
the content of the gel breaker can be 0-0.3, optionally 0.01-0.3, further optionally 0.1-0.2;
the content of the clay stabilizer can be 0-4, optionally 0.04-4 parts by weight, and further optionally 0.1-2 parts by weight;
the content of the pH regulator can be 0-1 part by weight, optionally 0.05-1 part by weight, and further optionally 0.1-0.3 part by weight;
the content of the cleanup additive can be 0 to 2 parts by weight, optionally 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, and further optionally 0.1 to 1 part by weight.
In another possible implementation manner of the fracturing fluid composition, the optional bactericide is one or more of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium salt; the optional gel breaker is one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and capsule gel breakers, wherein the capsule gel breakers are well known to persons skilled in the art, namely the capsule gel breaker is prepared by taking potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate as an inner core and coating an organic compound membrane such as paraffin and the like on the outer layer to realize delayed release; the clay stabilizer can be one or more of potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and quaternary ammonium salt type clay stabilizers, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt type clay stabilizer can be one or more of choline chloride (2-hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride), tetramethylammonium chloride and polyquaternary ammonium salt (such as ClayMaster-5C); the optional pH regulator can be sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide; optionally, the cleanup additive may be a fatty alcohol polyether compound and/or a fatty alcohol polyether cation compound, wherein the fatty alcohol polyether compound may be NE-940 or FlowGas-M, and the fatty alcohol polyether cation compound may be CNE-202.
In another possible implementation manner of the fracturing fluid composition, the water in the fracturing fluid composition is not particularly limited, and may be natural water and artificial water, for example, the natural water may be a river, a lake, atmospheric water, seawater, underground water, or the like, and the artificial water may be water obtained by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms through a chemical reaction, for example, the artificial water may be distilled water, deionized water, or heavy water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the defects of the traditional organic acid ester chelated metal ion crosslinked fracturing fluid, the invention focuses on the release behavior of metal ions and the control principle thereof, and according to the change of temperature rise and continuous shearing in the process of fracturing fluid entering a well, chelate structure chelated metal ions obtained by aldehyde, alcohol and polyethylene polyamine reaction are designed to form a metal ion chelated system which realizes controllable release along with system temperature rise and continuous shearing, thereby realizing the viscosity stability of the fracturing fluid in a large-span temperature interval in the whole process of entering the well and carrying sand in operation.
The fracturing fluid composition can form stable, uniform and suspensible fracturing fluid gel, the time for forming the gel by crosslinking the fracturing fluid can be delayed, and the delay time can be controlled within the range of 3-10 minutes. At the temperature of 160-. The polymer dosage and the cross-linking agent dosage of the fracturing fluid composition are obviously lower than the corresponding dosage in a conventional high-temperature fracturing fluid system, so that the damage of the fracturing fluid to the stratum is greatly reduced, and the construction cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Figures 1-5 show the gel formed by the fracturing fluid compositions of examples 1-5 of the present invention, using biaxial coordinates with test time on the horizontal axis X, apparent viscosity eta on the left vertical axis, and shear rate and temperature on the right vertical axis, respectively. The lines of apparent viscosity, temperature and shear rate are labeled in fig. 1, and so on for fig. 2-4.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
In the following examples of the present invention, modified vegetable gum thickener carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum WGA-5, modified vegetable gum thickener carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl sesbania gum CGA-7, and bactericide BioClear-1000 were from Wilford International.
In the following examples of the present invention, the polyquaternium type clay stabilizer ClayMaster-5C, the quaternary ammonium type clay stabilizer ClayTreat-3C, the cleanup additive fatty alcohol polyether complex (FlowGas), the cleanup additive fatty alcohol polyether cation complex NE-118, and the cleanup additive fatty alcohol polyether complex NE-940 were from Beckhols corporation.
In the following examples of the invention, the delayed crosslinking modifier CTD (50% sorbitol in water), the delayed crosslinking agent ZXL-LTD, the delayed crosslinking agent TXL-LTD were from Beijing clear water Lande oil field technical service, Inc.
Example 1
3.6 g of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum WGA-5 is dissolved in 1000ml of water, and a bactericide BioClear-10000.002 g is added to the solution to be placed for 2 hours to form a base solution; adding 1g of ClayTreat-3C as a quaternary ammonium salt type clay stabilizer, 1g of 50% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, 0.5g of sodium carbonate and 1g of NE-940 at room temperature, stirring and dissolving, then putting 400ml of base solution into a blender with the trademark of Warring, starting stirring, adding 0.4g of a delayed crosslinking agent ZXL-LTD (tetra-n-butyl zirconate, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine in a weight ratio of 1: 3: 2.5: 3.5, adding water to form a uniform phase, heating and reacting at the reaction temperature of 85 ℃ for 6 hours, wherein the polyethylene polyamine mixture is a mixture of ethylenediamine, triethylene tetramine and pentaethylene hexamine in a mixing ratio of 1:2:1.5 in parts by mass, recording the vortex closure time of 125 seconds, uniformly gelling, and hanging after the vortex closure is carried out for 10 minutes. 45 g of the obtained jelly is taken and subjected to a high-temperature shear viscosity test at 180 ℃, and the test adopts the oil and gas industry standard SY/T6376-2008 of the people's republic of China. The test results are shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
4.2 g of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum WGA-5 is dissolved in 1000ml of water, and a bactericide BioClear-10000.002 g is added to the solution for standing for 2 hours to form a base solution; adding 1g of ClayMaster-5C of quaternary ammonium salt type clay stabilizer, 0.5g of 25% potassium hydroxide solution and 1g of FlowGas at room temperature, stirring and dissolving, putting 400ml of base solution into a Warring blender, starting stirring, adding 2.0g of delayed crosslinking agent (the weight ratio of triisopropyl chromium (III) acid ester, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine is 1:2: 4: 2.5), adding water to form a homogeneous phase, heating and reacting at the reaction temperature of 140 ℃ for 3 hours, wherein the polyethylene polyamine mixture is a mixture of ethylenediamine and tetraethylenepentamine, the mixing ratio is 1:2 by mass, recording the vortex closing time of 267 seconds, uniformly gelling, and hanging after vortex closing for 11 minutes. 45 g of the obtained jelly is taken and subjected to a high-temperature shear viscosity test at 180 ℃, and the test adopts the oil and gas industry standard SY/T6376-2008 of the people's republic of China. The test results are shown in FIG. 2.
Example 3
Dissolving 4.8 g of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl sesbania gum CGA-7 in 1000ml of water, adding bactericide BioClear-10000.002 g, and standing for 2 hours to form base solution; at room temperature, 0.5g of tetramethylammonium chloride, 1g of a 50% aqueous glutaraldehyde solution, 0.5g of a 25% potassium hydroxide solution, 1g of NE-118 and 2g of a delayed crosslinking modifier CTD (i.e., a 50% aqueous sorbitol solution) were added. After stirring and dissolving, 400ml of base liquid is put into a Warring blender, stirring is started, 0.8g of delayed cross-linking agent TXL-LTD (tetra-n-butyl titanate, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine in a weight ratio of 1: 4: 3: 2 is added, water is added to form a homogeneous phase, heating and reacting are carried out, the reaction temperature is 85 ℃, the reaction time is 6 hours, wherein the polyethylene polyamine is pentaethylene hexamine), the vortex closing time is 573 seconds, the gelling is uniform, and the vortex can be hung after 12 minutes of vortex closing. 45 g of the obtained jelly is taken and subjected to a high-temperature shear viscosity test at 180 ℃, and the test adopts the oil and gas industry standard SY/T6376-2008 of the people's republic of China. The test results are shown in FIG. 3.
Example 4
5.4 g of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar WGA-5 is dissolved in 1000ml of water, and then bactericide BioClear-10000.002 g is added to the solution and the solution is placed for 2 hours to form base solution; at room temperature, 1g of ClayTreat-3C, 1g of a 50% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, 0.5g of sodium carbonate, 1g of NE-940 and 1g of a delayed crosslinking modifier CTD (i.e., a 50% sorbitol aqueous solution) were added. After stirring and dissolving, 400ml of the base solution is put into a blender with the brand number of Warring, stirring is started, 1.6g of a delayed crosslinking agent ZXL-LTD (the preparation method is the same as that in example 1) is added, the vortex closing time is recorded as 225 seconds, the gelling is uniform, and the base solution can be hung after 15 minutes of vortex closing. 45 g of the obtained jelly is taken for high-temperature shear viscosity test at 190 ℃, and the test adopts the oil and gas industry standard SY/T6376-2008 of the people's republic of China. The test results are shown in FIG. 4.
Example 5
The same procedure as in example 4 was followed, except that 6.0 grams of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar WGA-5 was dissolved in 1000ml of water. Recording the vortex closing time as 205 seconds, uniformly gelatinizing, and hanging after the vortex is closed for 12 minutes. 45 g of the obtained jelly is taken and subjected to a high-temperature shear viscosity test at the temperature of 200 ℃, and the test adopts the oil and gas industry standard SY/T6376-2008 of the people's republic of China. The test results are shown in FIG. 5.
From the results of examples 1-5 above, it can be seen that: the delayed crosslinking fracturing fluid composition can realize delayed crosslinking, can form a stable, uniform and hanging delayed crosslinking fluid composition, can control the delay time within the range of 3-10 minutes, and meets the construction requirements of a fracturing site. The test results of the examples 1 to 5 show that the obtained delayed crosslinking gel has extremely strong temperature resistance and shear resistance, and meets the oil and gas industry standard of the people's republic of China.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (32)
1. The fracturing fluid composition is characterized by comprising a vegetable gum thickener, a delayed crosslinking agent, a fracturing auxiliary agent and water, wherein the delayed crosslinking agent is prepared by reacting raw materials comprising trivalent and above metal ester, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the polyethylene polyamine is one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine and pentaethylene hexamine;
the vegetable gum thickener is a modified vegetable gum thickener which is one or more of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG), carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum (CMHPG), sesbania gum, hydroxypropyl sesbania gum and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl sesbania gum;
the metal ester is one or more of chromium ester, zirconium ester and titanium ester; the esterified product of chromium is triisopropyl chromium (III) acid ester; the esterified zirconium is tetraisopropyl zirconate, tetra-n-propyl zirconate and tetra-n-butyl zirconate; the esterified titanium is tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate or diacetyl acetonyl titanate.
2. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1, comprising: 0.2-0.8 parts by weight of said vegetable gum thickener; 0.1 to 0.6 parts by weight of the delayed crosslinking agent; 0.2-8 parts by weight of the fracturing additive and 100 parts by weight of the water.
3. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 2, wherein the vegetable gum thickener is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6 parts by weight.
4. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 2, wherein the delayed crosslinker is present in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4 parts by weight.
5. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 2, wherein the fracturing additive is 0.5 to 3.8 parts by weight.
6. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the vegetable gum thickener is carboxymethylhydroxypropylguar.
7. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the delayed crosslinking agent is prepared by mixing trivalent or higher metal ester, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine with water to form a homogeneous phase, and heating to react.
8. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the trivalent or higher metal ester to the glyoxal to the glycerol to the polyethylene polyamine is 1: 2-4: 2-4: 2-4.
9. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the trivalent or higher metal ester to the glyoxal to the glycerol to the polyethylene polyamine is 1: 3: 2.5: 3.5.
10. the fracturing fluid composition of claim 7, wherein the delayed crosslinking agent is prepared by mixing trivalent or higher metal ester, glyoxal, glycerol and polyethylene polyamine with water to form a homogeneous phase, and then sealing and heating to react at 80-150 ℃ for 2-7 hours.
11. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 10, wherein the heating temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the reaction time is 6 hours.
12. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 10, wherein the reaction temperature is 140 ℃ and 150 ℃ and the reaction time is 3 hours.
13. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene polyamine is a mixture of ethylenediamine, triethylene tetramine and pentaethylene hexamine, and the mixing ratio is 1:0-5:0-3.5 by mass.
14. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 13, wherein the polyethylene polyamine is a mixture of ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine and pentaethylenehexamine at a mass ratio of 1:2: 1.5.
15. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the fracturing aid comprises one or more of a biocide, a gel breaker, a clay stabilizer, a pH adjuster, and a cleanup additive.
16. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 15, wherein the weight ratio of water to 100 parts by weight of water in the fracturing fluid composition:
the content of the bactericide is 0-0.7 weight part;
the content of the gel breaker is 0-0.3 weight part;
the content of the clay stabilizer is 0-4 parts by weight;
the content of the pH regulator is 0-1 part by weight;
the content of the cleanup additive is 0-2 parts by weight.
17. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the biocide is present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.7 parts by weight.
18. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 17, wherein the biocide is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight.
19. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the breaker is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.3 parts by weight.
20. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 19, wherein the breaker is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.2 parts by weight.
21. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the clay stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.04 to 4 parts by weight.
22. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 21, wherein the clay stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1 to 2 parts by weight.
23. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the pH modifier is present in an amount of 0.05 to 1 part by weight.
24. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 23, wherein the pH modifier is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight.
25. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the cleanup additive is present in an amount of 0.05 to 2 parts by weight.
26. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 25, wherein the cleanup additive is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1 part by weight.
27. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the biocide is one or more of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and quaternary ammonium salts.
28. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the breaker is one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and an encapsulated breaker prepared by using potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate as an inner core and coating a paraffin organic compound membrane on the outer layer to realize delayed release.
29. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the clay stabilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, and a quaternary ammonium salt type clay stabilizer, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt type clay stabilizer is one or more of choline chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, and polyquaterniums.
30. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 29, wherein the polyquaternium is ClayMaster-5C.
31. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the pH modifier is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide.
32. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 16, wherein the cleanup additive is a fatty alcohol polyether compound and/or a fatty alcohol polyether cation compound, wherein the fatty alcohol polyether compound is NE-940 or FlowGas-M and the fatty alcohol polyether cation compound is CNE-202.
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