CN106863848B - The forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine - Google Patents

The forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106863848B
CN106863848B CN201710085405.3A CN201710085405A CN106863848B CN 106863848 B CN106863848 B CN 106863848B CN 201710085405 A CN201710085405 A CN 201710085405A CN 106863848 B CN106863848 B CN 106863848B
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China
Prior art keywords
blade
tow
carbon fibre
composite material
rtm
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CN201710085405.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106863848A (en
Inventor
还大军
李勇
褚奇奕
肖军
齐俊伟
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/14Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length of filaments or wires
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of forming methods of the composite material blade of aero-engine, comprising the following steps: carbon fibre tow is unfolded, using the carbon fibre tow after the dipping expansion of thermoplastic resin mud, obtains intermediate tow;Dry intermediate tow;Intermediate tow is heated by the way of ultrasonic vibration heating, the intermediate tow after heating is carried out by layer-by-layer laying using the method for dry-laid silk, forms blade precast body after laying;The carbon fibre fabric set in the outer cover of blade precast body carries out edge suture with internal blade precast body to carbon fibre fabric set using the method for three-dimensional suture;Blade precast body after suture is put into RTM mold with carbon fibre fabric set, using RTM technology by blade precast body and carbon fibre fabric set die closing and curing molding, obtains composite material blade;This invention ensures that the ratio and precise positioning of axis fiber, to improve the globality and impact resistance of composite material blade.

Description

The forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine
Technical field
The invention belongs to composite material automatic forming field more particularly to a kind of composite material blades of aero-engine Forming method.
Background technique
Polymer matrix composites heat-resisting ability is lower, but its light-weight, specific strength and specific modulus height, endurance and corrosion resistant Corrosion is good, damping characteristic is good, and designability is strong in addition and moulding process comparative maturity, in aero-engine cold end component (mainly there are the outer culvert casing, stator blade, rotor blade of engine to contain casing and engine nacelle, thrust reverser etc. Component) widely applied, can substantially reduced engine weight, reduce the development cost of engine, greatly increase hair The performance of motivation.
It experienced the development of many decades, the manufacturing process of forth generation aero-engine composite material blade is mainly three at present Dimension braiding and RTM technology, wherein RTM forming technology has the advantages that good surface quality;Can prepare it is complex-shaped, Accurate in size product;It can be with strict control fiber volume fraction;Structure, function integration can be achieved, be therefore particularly suited for The manufacture of engine composite material rotor blade, can be significantly reduced manufacturing cost.
The molding of the precast body of the blade of random appearance may be implemented using three dimensional weaving technique, but in order to improve big fly The bypass ratio and efficiency of the engine of machine, it is necessary to use larger sized fan, its centrifugal load is far longer than small size at this time Aero-engine composite material fan blade, therefore axial rigidity to composite material blade and intensity propose higher want It asks.The ratio of its axial direction fibre can not be further increased using three dimensional weaving technique, and is unavoidably being saved in 3 D weaving The reduction that fibre property is caused at point, is easy to happen damage.Therefore, for the RTM of large-scale composite material engine blower blade Moulding process, the moulding process of prefabricated component it is necessary to ensure that axis fiber ratio and precise positioning, and keep overall structure Damage tolerance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of aero-engine in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art The forming method of composite material blade, the forming method of the composite material blade of this aero-engine ensure that the ratio of axis fiber Example and precise positioning, improve the globality and impact resistance of molding composite material blade.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine, comprising the following steps:
(1) carbon fibre tow is unfolded, using the carbon fibre tow after the dipping expansion of thermoplastic resin mud, obtains centre Body tow;
(2) intermediate tow is dried;
(3) intermediate tow is heated by the way of ultrasonic vibration heating, will be heated using the method for dry-laid silk Intermediate tow afterwards carries out layer-by-layer laying, forms blade precast body after laying;
(4) the carbon fibre fabric set in the outer cover of blade precast body, using the method for three-dimensional suture to carbon fibre fabric Set carries out edge suture with internal blade precast body;
(5) by after suture blade precast body and carbon fibre fabric set be put into RTM mold, using RTM technology by blade Precast body and carbon fibre fabric set die closing and curing molding, obtain composite material blade.
Technical solution as a further improvement of that present invention, it is described to be unfolded to include leading to carbon fibre tow by carbon fibre tow Carbon fibre tow after crossing the expansion of exhibition yarn roller and being unfolded has certain width.
Technical solution as a further improvement of that present invention, the drying intermediate tow include using drying tunnel by intermediate Tow is dried.
Technical solution as a further improvement of that present invention, the step (3) include:
Intermediate tow is heated using ultrasonic vibration heating head, using laying pressure roller according to preset track will in Mesosome tow is laid in the surface of laying mold and layer-by-layer laying, blade precast body is formed after laying, from the surface of laying mold Remove blade precast body.
Technical solution as a further improvement of that present invention, the ultrasonic vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration heating head when heated Rate is 20kHz, and amplitude 0.15, the laying rate of the laying pressure roller is 15m/min.
Technical solution as a further improvement of that present invention, the RTM mold include RTM formpiston and RTM former.
Technical solution as a further improvement of that present invention, the step (5) include:
Blade precast body after suture and carbon fibre fabric set are put between RTM formpiston and RTM former;
RTM formpiston and RTM former are molded, injection epoxy resin and curing molding obtain composite material after demoulding Blade.
The present invention carries out heating to intermediate tow by the way of ultrasonic vibration heating to reduce intermediate tow Intermediate tow is laid in the surface of laying mold using laying pressure roller by the viscosity of middle thermoplastic resin according to preset track The ratio for realizing accurate positioning and axis fiber of the intermediate tow on laying mold, in upper one layer of intermediate tow Layer-by-layer laying intermediate tow also achieves accurate positioning and forms very big interface bond strength again on surface;It is prefabricated in blade Carbon fibre fabric set in the outer cover of body improves the globality and impact resistance of composite material blade after molding, anti-to stop loss Wound;The molding that composite material blade is realized using RTM technology, ensure that the shape geometric dimension and precision of composite material blade; Compared with blade in the prior art, the present invention molding composite wood in such a way that the method and RTM technology of dry-laid silk combine Expect blade, 1 times of axial strength can be improved under the premise of identical weight, 1.5 times of modulus is improved, so as to prepare bigger ruler Very little composite material blade, to meet the requirement of higher bypass ratio.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow structural schematic diagram of intermediate tow of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the preparation flow structural schematic diagram of composite material blade of the invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further illustrated below according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2:
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine, comprising the following steps:
(1) carbon fibre tow is unfolded, using the carbon fibre tow after the dipping expansion of thermoplastic resin mud 4, is obtained Mesosome tow 9;
(2) intermediate tow 9 is dried;
(3) intermediate tow 9 is heated by the way of ultrasonic vibration heating, will be heated using the method for dry-laid silk Intermediate tow 9 afterwards carries out layer-by-layer laying, forms blade precast body 13 after laying;
(4) the carbon fibre fabric set 14 in the outer cover of blade precast body 13, using the method for three-dimensional suture to carbon fiber Fabric sleeve 14 and internal blade precast body 13 carry out edge suture;
(5) the blade precast body 13 after suture is put into RTM mold with carbon fibre fabric set 14, it will using RTM technology Blade precast body 13 and carbon fibre fabric cover 14 die closings and curing molding, obtain composite material blade.
Further, the forming method of the composite material blade of this aero-engine is included the steps that in detail below:
(1) referring to Fig. 1, carbon fibre tow is pulled out under the action of feeding roller 2 from the first closed reel 1, is used Opening up the carbon fibre tow after carbon fibre tow is unfolded and is unfolded by yarn roller 3 has certain width, after making expansion by feeding roller 2 Carbon fibre tow by filling the glue groove 5 of thermoplastic resin mud 4, wherein thermoplastic resin mud 4 is powder mud, thermoplastic The diameter control of property toner is 10µM is obtained after dipping hereinafter, thermoplastic resin mud 4 impregnates carbon fibre tow Intermediate tow 9 containing lower resin content;
(2) intermediate tow 9 passes through drying tunnel 6 under the action of feeding roller 2, and drying tunnel 6 dries intermediate tow 9, Intermediate tow 9 after drying is got up under the action of feeding roller 2 by the winding of the second closed reel 7;
(3) referring to fig. 2, after the winding for completing intermediate tow 9, to intermediate tow by the way of ultrasonic vibration heating 9 are heated, and ultrasonic vibration heating head 11 can be used and heat to intermediate tow 9, in ultrasonic vibration heating head 11 The viscosity of thermoplastic resin in intermediate tow 9 is reduced under heat effect, wherein ultrasonic vibration heating head 11 is when heated Ultrasonic vibration frequency is 20kHz, then amplitude 0.15 is carried out the intermediate tow 9 after heating using the method for dry-laid silk Layer-by-layer laying forms blade precast body after laying;Wherein use the method for dry-laid silk are as follows: using laying pressure roller 8 according to preset By 9 automatic placement of intermediate tow after heating on the surface of laying mold 10, the laying rate of laying pressure roller 8 is 15m/ for track Min, and in the surface of upper one layer of intermediate tow layer-by-layer laying intermediate tow again, the prepegged strands 12 in laying are formed, when After the completion of laying, blade precast body 13 is formed, blade precast body 13 is removed from the surface of laying mold 10;It is shaken using ultrasound The mode of dynamic heating and the method for dry-laid silk can carry out intermediate tow 9 to be accurately positioned to carry out accurate layer-by-layer laying, and The intermediate tow 9 of layer-by-layer laying has certain interface bond strength, wherein if the material of blade precast body 13 is different, by The number of plies of the intermediate tow 9 of layer laying is different;
(4) carbon fibre fabric set 14, carbon fiber in the outer cover for the blade precast body 13 that the method using dry-laid silk is formed Dimension fabric sleeve 14 improves the globality and shock resistance of blade precast body 13, then using the three-dimensional method sutured and utilizes edge sealing Kevlar suture 15 carries out edge sealing suture, suture ginseng to the edge of carbon fibre fabric set 14 and internal blade precast body 13 Number is Kevlar29(1500 denier), sewing density is 3 × 3;
(5) the blade precast body 13 after suture is put into RTM mold with carbon fibre fabric set 14, RTM mold includes RTM Formpiston 17 and RTM former 16, blade precast body 13 and carbon fibre fabric set 14 are adopted between RTM formpiston 17 and RTM former 16 With RTM technology by blade precast body and carbon fibre fabric set die closing and curing molding, composite material blade is obtained, wherein RTM skill Art are as follows: RTM formpiston 17 and RTM former 16 are molded, epoxy resin is injected from the injection orifice of RTM formpiston 17, has injected RTM mold is put into baking oven afterwards and carries out curing molding operation, after be down to room temperature with baking oven and demoulded, take out and obtain composite wood Expect blade;Obtaining composite material blade using RTM technology ensure that the shape geometric dimension and precision of composite material blade;Wherein It is 180 DEG C that baking oven, which carries out cured temperature, and TDE-85 bisphenol f type epoxy resin can be used by solidifying the epoxy resin used.
Protection scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to embodiment of above, and protection scope of the present invention is with claims Subject to, replacement, deformation, the improvement that those skilled in the art that any pair of this technology is made is readily apparent that each fall within of the invention Protection scope.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carbon fibre tow is unfolded, using the carbon fibre tow after the dipping expansion of thermoplastic resin mud, obtains intermediate silk Beam;
(2) intermediate tow is dried;
(3) intermediate tow is heated by the way of ultrasonic vibration heating, it will be after heating using the method for dry-laid silk Intermediate tow carries out layer-by-layer laying, forms blade precast body after laying;
(4) the carbon fibre fabric set in the outer cover of blade precast body, using three-dimensional suture method to carbon fibre fabric set with Internal blade precast body carries out edge suture;
(5) the blade precast body after suture is put into RTM mold with carbon fibre fabric set, it is using RTM technology that blade is prefabricated Body and carbon fibre fabric set die closing and curing molding, obtain composite material blade;
The step (3) includes: to be heated using ultrasonic vibration heating head to intermediate tow, using laying pressure roller according to pre- If track by intermediate tow be laid in laying mold surface and layer-by-layer laying, blade precast body is formed after laying, from paving Remove blade precast body in the surface for putting mold;
The step (5) include: by after suture blade precast body and carbon fibre fabric set be put into RTM formpiston and RTM former it Between;
RTM formpiston and RTM former are molded, injection epoxy resin and curing molding obtain composite material blade after demoulding.
2. the forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to incite somebody to action Carbon fibre tow expansion includes that the carbon fibre tow after carbon fibre tow to be passed through to the expansion of exhibition yarn roller and is unfolded has fixed width Degree.
3. the forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the baking Dry intermediate tow includes being dried intermediate tow using drying tunnel.
4. the forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described super The ultrasonic vibration frequency of acoustic vibration heating head when heated is 20kHz, and the laying rate of amplitude 0.15, the laying pressure roller is 15m/min。
5. the forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described RTM mold includes RTM formpiston and RTM former.
CN201710085405.3A 2017-02-17 2017-02-17 The forming method of the composite material blade of aero-engine Active CN106863848B (en)

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CN107521116A (en) * 2017-08-30 2017-12-29 航天长征睿特科技有限公司 A kind of leading edge bonding angle sewing method
WO2019110939A1 (en) * 2017-12-06 2019-06-13 Safran Aircraft Engines Method for manufacturing an ordered network of acoustic channels made of abradable material
CN108099317A (en) * 2017-12-15 2018-06-01 武汉理工大学 A kind of high endurance composite material automobile leaf spring and preparation method thereof
GB201803802D0 (en) * 2018-03-09 2018-04-25 Rolls Royce Plc Composite fan blade and manufacturing method thereof
CN110315775B (en) * 2019-07-05 2020-06-23 常州市宏发纵横新材料科技股份有限公司 Wind power blade girder laying system and control method thereof
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