CN106861756B - 一种Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种聚合物接枝的Au‑Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,纳米材料技术领域。具体步骤为,合成嵌段共聚物P4VP‑b‑PNIPAM;将嵌段共聚物P4VP‑b‑PNIPAM溶解在pH=2.0的盐酸溶液中,向聚合物溶液中加入氯金酸,搅拌吸附2‑6h后,再加入NaBH4水溶液进行还原,反应72h后,离心,透析,利用金粒子和硫醇的相互作用,得到以Au为核的聚合物胶束;将一定浓度的氯铂酸加入到聚合物胶束中,再通过加入NaBH4水溶液进行还原,反应72h后,离心、透析,得到以Au核Pt壳结构的复合胶束,该复合胶束应用于硼氢化钠还原对硝基苯酚过程中,表现出较好的催化活性。本发明方法简单、易于操作,成本低,复合胶束的粒径均一,分散性好,在催化等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种两步法化学还原制备聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束,应用于硼氢化钠还原对硝基苯酚过程中,表现出较好的催化活性。
背景技术
在过去的几十年中,贵金属纳米粒子由于具有独特的物理化学性质,而在催化、电子器件、信息存储、光学器件、生物传感、微区成像以及医药等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。与单金属纳米粒子相比,双金属纳米粒子由于其较小的粒径和比较大的比表面积表现出很多新的性能,因此受到人们广泛的关注。但是双金属纳米粒子在溶液中易发生聚集沉淀,稳定性较差,因此在溶液中如何制备粒径可控的双金属纳米粒子成为研究的热点之一。
利用嵌段共聚物作为改性金属纳米粒子的载体能够明显提升贵金属纳米粒子的稳定性,使其获得优异的催化性能。尤其是利用RAFT合成的聚合物带有的双硫酯端基能够一步法制备金纳米粒子:由于双硫酯端基能连接在金粒子表面,由此形成的复合粒子表现出很好的分散性和形态的控制性。而嵌段共聚物中另外一段聚合物还可以负载其他的贵金属纳米粒子,从而制备出负载双金属纳米粒子的复合胶束。
基于此,我们提出利用嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM来负载Au-Pt双金属纳米粒子。第一步利用RAFT合成端基为双硫的嵌段共聚物,然后利用金颗粒和硫醇相互作用制备了聚合物稳定金纳米粒子。第二步将Pt粒子引入金的表面,利用4VP中吡啶环中的N与Pt的络合作用,形成了聚合物接枝的Au-Pt为的双金属纳米复合胶束,这种复合胶束应用在还原对-硝基苯酚时表现出很高的催化活性。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种制备聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法。
具体的,本发明提供的制备聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S1:合成嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM,所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM的分子量分布在1.3以内;
S2:室温下将所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM溶解在pH=2.0的盐酸缓冲溶液中,得到聚合物溶液,向聚合物溶液中加入氯金酸,搅拌吸附2-6h后,加入NaBH4水溶液进行还原,反应72h后,离心,透析,得到以Au为核的聚合物胶束;
S3:在搅拌的作用下向所述聚合物胶束中再加入可溶性氯铂酸,搅拌吸附2-6h后,再加入NaBH4水溶液,NaBH4与所述氯铂酸的摩尔比为10:1,反应72h后,离心,透析,得到负载Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束。
优选地,所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM采用可逆加成断裂的活性自由基聚合的方法合成。
优选地,S2和S3中,所述透析过程的截留分子量均为3500。
优选地,S2中,所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM与所述氯金酸的反应摩尔比为10:1。
优选地,S3中,所述P4VP-b-PNIPAM中的4-乙烯基吡啶与所述氯铂酸的摩尔比为10-50:1。
本发明还提供了一种聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束,由上述任一方法制备得到。
优选地,本发明提供的聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束应用于硼氢化钠还原对硝基苯酚过程中,表现出较好的催化活性。
本发明提供的复合胶束由嵌段共聚物、Au、Pt双金属纳米粒子组成。其制备方法简单、易于操作,成本低,复合胶束粒径均一,分散性好,易于推广应用,特别是在催化等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米粒子的复合胶束的透射电镜照片图;
图2为实施例1制备得到的复合胶束催化还原对硝基苯酚的紫外光谱变化曲线。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案能予以实施,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
需要说明的是,以下实施例中所用到的试剂若无特别说明,均为常规试剂,可在市场上购买得到,所涉及的相关化合物的制备方法或检测方法,若无特别说明,均为常规方法。
本发明一种聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S1:合成嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM,所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM的分子量分布在1.3以内;
S2:室温下将所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM溶解在pH=2.0的盐酸缓冲溶液中,得到聚合物溶液,向聚合物溶液中加入氯金酸,搅拌吸附2-6h后,加入NaBH4水溶液进行还原,反应72h后,离心,透析,得到以Au为核的聚合物胶束;
S3:在搅拌的作用下向所述聚合物胶束中再加入可溶性氯铂酸,搅拌吸附2-6h后,再加入NaBH4水溶液,NaBH4与所述氯铂酸的摩尔比为10:1,反应72h后,离心,透析,得到负载Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束。
上述方法简单,易于操作,制备成本低,制备的复合胶束,粒径均一为纳米级,分散性好。可作为催化剂应用于硼氢化钠还原对硝基苯酚过程中,表现出较好的催化活性。
以下就具体的示例对本发明的技术方案进行具体的举例说明。
实施例1
一种聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
采用可逆加成断裂的活性自由基聚合(RAFT)方法,以2-(十二烷基三硫代碳酸酯基)-2-甲基丙酸为链引发剂,依次加入N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPMA)和4-乙烯基吡啶活性聚合得到嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM,该嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM的分子量分布在1.3以内。
室温下将嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM溶解在pH=2.0的盐酸缓冲溶液中,得到聚合物溶液,向聚合物溶液中加入氯金酸,氯金酸与嵌段共聚物的摩尔比为1:10,搅拌吸附4h后,加入NaBH4水溶液进行还原,反应72h后,离心,透析,得到以Au为核的聚合物胶束。
在搅拌的作用下向所聚合物胶束中再加入可溶性氯铂酸,嵌段共聚物中4-乙烯基吡啶与氯铂酸的摩尔比10:1,搅拌吸附4h后,再加入NaBH4水溶液,NaBH4与氯铂酸的摩尔比为10:1,反应72h后,离心,透析,得到聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束。
对实施例1所制得的复合胶束进行透射电镜测试,透射电镜样品的制备具体为:在室温条件下,用镊子夹持涂有碳膜铜网的一边,使铜网平面略与水平面倾斜。将一滴稀释过的聚合物胶束溶液滴到铜网表面,片刻后用滤纸吸去大部分溶液,待铜网自然晾干后,真空下室温干燥12h以上,保存,然后用透射电子显微镜对复合胶束的形态进行表征。其透射电镜的结果如图1所示,复合胶束的粒径为40nm。
以下通过NaBH4还原对硝基苯酚作为一个典型反应对实施例1制得的聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的催化活性进行测试,具体方法为:在标准石英比色皿中加入对硝基苯酚和NaBH4溶液(pH=10,用1mol/mL的NaOH溶液调节),恒温到25℃,然后快速加入相同温度的上述复合胶束。在25℃下,每隔一段时间记录一次紫外可见光谱,分析特征峰强度的变化和观察溶液颜色的改变,如图2所示,催化反应完成时,溶液颜色由淡黄色变为无色。
实施例2
一种聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,其具体步骤和实施例1相同,不同之处仅在于,嵌段共聚物中4-乙烯基吡啶与氯铂酸的摩尔质量比为R=25。
实施例3
一种聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,其具体步骤和实施例1相同,不同之处仅在于,嵌段共聚物中4-乙烯基吡啶与氯铂酸的摩尔质量比为R=50。
对实施例2和实施例3所制得的复合胶束同样进行透射电镜观察,发现其形态和实施例1相同,复合胶束的粒径逐渐变小,经催化活性测试发现也具有较高的催化活性。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,其保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
S1:合成嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM,所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM的分子量分布在1.3以内;
S2:室温下将所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM溶解在pH=2.0的盐酸缓冲溶液中,得到聚合物溶液,向聚合物溶液中加入氯金酸,搅拌吸附2-6h后,加入NaBH4水溶液进行还原,反应72h后,离心,透析,得到以Au为核的聚合物胶束;
所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM采用可逆加成断裂的活性自由基聚合的方法合成;
S3:在搅拌的作用下向所述聚合物胶束中再加入可溶性氯铂酸,搅拌吸附2-6h后,再加入NaBH4水溶液,NaBH4与所述氯铂酸的摩尔比为10:1,反应72h后,离心,透析,得到负载Au-Pt双金属的纳米复合胶束。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,所获得的聚合物胶束为纳米级。
3.根据权利要求1所述聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,S2和S3中,所述透析过程中的截留分子量均为3500。
4.根据权利要求1所述聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PNIPAM与所述氯金酸的反应摩尔比为10:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,所述P4VP-b-PNIPAM中的4-乙烯基吡啶与所述氯铂酸的摩尔比为10-50:1。
6.一种聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束,其特征在于,由权利要求1-5任一所述的方法制备得到。
7.根据权利要求6所述聚合物接枝的Au-Pt双金属纳米复合胶束,其特征在于,作为催化剂应用在硼氢化钠还原对-硝基苯酚中。
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