CN106859632A - A kind of contactless electrocardiogram equipment of wearable real time multi-channel and its cardioelectric monitor method - Google Patents
A kind of contactless electrocardiogram equipment of wearable real time multi-channel and its cardioelectric monitor method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of contactless electrocardiogram equipment of wearable real time multi-channel and its cardioelectric monitor method, it is related to the measurement of the bioelectrical signals of human body or partes corporis humani point, more particularly to a kind of biomedicine signals measurement apparatus and its monitoring method for electrocardiography, and for the contactless EGC sensor of multichannel cardioelectric monitor, EGC sensor is included in the detecting element that pcb board is internally formed and the electrocardiosignal amplification module being mounted on pcb board；The bottom wiring layer of pcb board is divided into detecting electrode and the shading ring around detecting electrode；Along the uniform via connection shading ring of shading ring three-dimensional mask chamber is formed with screen layer；Detecting electrode obtains electrocardiosignal by Capacitance Coupled in a non contact fashion.Multiple individually contactless EGC sensors of small size, electrocardiogram equipment main frame is connected to multi-channel differential input mode, in the daily electromagnetic environment that there is wireless signal interference, the electrocardiosignal for being collected has the signal quality of the Special Medical electrocardiogram equipment traditional measurement mode that can compare.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to measurement of bioelectric signals of a human body or parts of the human body, in particular to a biomedical signal measuring device for electrocardiography, a monitoring method thereof and a non-contact electrocardio sensor for multi-channel electrocardio monitoring.
Background
The lesion of the heart is a slow process, and the normal person hardly perceives small changes in the heart. And is often sudden, transient and dangerous, the patient must be able to perform electrocardiographic monitoring in real time and conveniently. The real-time monitoring and early warning are needed for some high-risk patients, so that the danger is avoided. However, the existing consumer electrocardiograph products still cannot obtain electrocardiograph signals similar to a professional dynamic multi-channel electrocardiograph (such as a Holter), and the electrocardiograph signals similar to the Holter are medical standards for diagnosing heart diseases and heart physiological conditions. Currently, some consumer products related to electrocardiography have appeared in north america, europe and the continental china markets, such as smart watches that output real-time heart rate, i.e., heart beats per minute, chest-type or chest-belt cardiotachometers, single-finger optical cardiotachometers that estimate heart rate by pulse changes in blood, two-finger electrocardiographs that use one finger on each of the left and right to obtain electrocardiographic signals, and single-channel electrocardiographs that use a conventional wet electrode attached to the chest to obtain electrocardiographic signals. Compared with the ten thousand yuan high-cost professional medical electrocardiograph (Holter) of the RMB, the hundreds to thousands yuan consumer electrocardiograph products are undoubtedly more suitable for the general public, and the characteristics of easy wearing and real-time signal output of the consumer electrocardiograph products are superior to those of the Holter, so that the understanding of the public on the heart health can be greatly improved. In the consumer products related to the electrocardio, only the last two products can output real-time electrocardiosignals, so the products are closest to Holter. However, since the two-hand electrocardiograph requires the user to use both hands to complete recording, which affects the daily life and work of the user, only discontinuous electrocardiographic signals can be obtained, and the quality of output signals is limited due to the fact that the electrodes are located on the fingers and far away from the heart. And single channel electrocardio appearance is limited at the interference killing feature, for example can't effectively catch the heartbeat and monitor clear electrocardiosignal when the user is moving. Therefore, because the consumer products can not obtain high-quality multi-channel electrocardiosignals, the obtained information has limited medical physiological significance and is not enough for diagnosing heart diseases and monitoring the physiological condition of the heart.
The invention discloses a novel intelligent electrocardio-testing health-care device (the invention patent number is ZL201010539911.3 authorized bulletin number is CN 102462494B). The novel intelligent electrocardio-testing health-care device obtains electrocardiosignals through a biological contact electrode, and adopts a signal processing chip to carry out amplification, A/D conversion, drift suppression, alternating current filtering, electrocardio-filtering, contact detection and other processing on the electrocardiosignals to obtain a high-quality electrocardio-map. The system records and analyzes the electrocardiographic waveform for clinical examination reference by connecting the communication interface module with a computer software analysis processing device arranged on a personal computer, a notebook computer, a netbook and a mobile phone, and has the functions of testing heartbeat, detecting pressure, relieving pressure interaction, performing electrocardiographic medical monitoring, identifying, testing mood and the like. The technical scheme adopts a double variable threshold value method (namely a peak threshold value and a trough threshold value) to judge and process. However, under the condition of strong interference, for example, when the acquired signal level baseline is unstable, and contains obvious electromyographic signals, or electronic device noise caused by movement, the threshold method obviously cannot ensure the efficiency of capturing the electrocardiosignals. Furthermore, thresholding capture times are often not accurate. Because the threshold value cannot clearly reflect the position relative to the R wave under noise interference, i.e. sometimes far away from the R wave and sometimes close to the R wave, such heart rhythm estimation has a large error. Even if the threshold value can be reset, complex and harsh practical situations cannot be met.
The Chinese invention patent 'a mobile terminal for non-contact electrocardiogram monitoring and an electrocardiogram monitoring method' (patent number of the invention: ZL201110328284.3 authorization publication number: CN102512153B) discloses a mobile terminal for non-contact electrocardiogram monitoring and an electrocardiogram monitoring method, wherein the electrocardiogram monitoring method comprises the following steps: the mobile terminal acquires a signal containing electrocardio data in a non-contact mode; the mobile terminal carries out denoising and other data separation processing on the electrocardio data in the signal; the mobile terminal extracts electrocardio data from the separated data; and the mobile terminal sends the extracted electrocardio data to the appointed receiving equipment through a wireless mobile communication network. In the prior art, a wavelet transform method is adopted, noise is filtered out, and then an electrocardiosignal is reconstructed. Thereby skillfully reducing the influence of noise on capturing the heartbeat. However, since the filtering and reconstruction will bring a certain influence to the original signal, this may cause distortion of the electrocardiographic signal, so that a high quality electrocardiographic signal cannot be obtained, and it is difficult to use for diagnosing heart diseases and monitoring physiological conditions of the heart.
The invention patent of China 'a non-contact type electrocardio sensor and application thereof' (invention patent No. ZL 201210128390.1 authorized bulletin No. CN102657524B) discloses a non-contact type electrocardio sensor which adopts a circular double-sided PCB electrode, wherein one surface is provided with three areas, the three areas are electrically insulated, a central circular area is an induction sheet, an annular shielding area and an annular ground wire area are sequentially and outwards arranged, the other surface is also provided with three areas, a central circle is a copper-coated area, the center of the copper-coated area is provided with a patch welding area comprising a front operational amplifier and a front-end filter, the periphery of the copper-coated area is an annular ground wire area, the area occupied by the induction sheet and the adjacent annular shielding area is symmetrical to the copper-coated area on the other surface, the annular ground wire areas on the two surfaces are symmetrical, the output end of the front operational amplifier is respectively connected with the annular shielding area and the copper-coated area, the ground end of the front operational amplifier is respectively connected with the annular, the input of the preposed operational amplifier is connected with the output of the sensing piece. The double-sided PCB electrode is positioned at the open end of the circular metal shielding box, one side provided with the induction sheet faces the open end, and the other side provided with the copper-coated area faces the inner cavity of the shielding box. The sensing piece of the technical scheme is exposed, and the user needs to wear an underwear or a T-shirt to achieve relative insulation. Since the insulation of the clothing is greatly reduced (to the order of K ohms or even lower) under certain conditions (such as perspiration or air humidity of the user), the method of the technical solution is not strictly electrical insulation. In the electrocardiograph measurement, not only the polarization voltage is caused by the contact of the skin and the electrode, but also the polarization resistance exists in the contact between the electrode and the skin, the impedance value of the polarization resistance is changed due to the movement of the body of a measured person, the polarization resistance can be regarded as the source resistance of the whole circuit system, the voltage is divided by the source resistance of the whole circuit system and the input resistance of the pre-amplification circuit, and the changed polarization resistance can cause the voltage-divided output of the pre-amplification circuit to be in an unstable state.
The Chinese patent application for remote electrocardiogram monitoring and diagnosis (patent application No. 201510096714.1 publication No. CN104644159A) discloses a monitoring and diagnosis system, which comprises an electrocardiogram data acquisition unit, a mobile terminal and an electrocardiogram analysis platform, wherein the electrocardiogram data acquisition unit is used for acquiring and storing electrocardiogram signals and is connected with the mobile terminal which is used for receiving and displaying the electrocardiogram signals; the electrocardio analysis platform can analyze and process electrocardiosignals transmitted by the mobile terminal. In order to miniaturize the system, the above prior art schemes all adopt a data processing mode of no local storage or small-capacity local storage, or low-precision short-time recording (reducing data storage pressure), or transmit the acquired electrocardiographic data to an external receiving device for storage in a wireless mode. However, if the user is located beyond the coverage area of the wireless signal or the field interference is severe, the above prior art scheme is easy to cause permanent loss of data, and it is difficult to ensure the integrity of real-time data.
On the other hand, the traditional wet electrode adopts a passive design, the volume and the installation area of the traditional wet electrode are both small (about 1cm in diameter), while the non-contact electrode usually adopts an active design, the volume and the installation area are both large, the difficulty in placing the electrode is increased, and the comfort level of a user is reduced. In addition, the input impedance of the non-contact electrode is of a G ohm level, the non-contact electrode is very sensitive to environmental noise, and a rear-end signal conditioning circuit is very easy to saturate, so that the size and the installation area of the non-contact electrode are reduced, the shielding effect of the electrode is improved, the signal-to-noise ratio of an input electrocardiosignal is improved, the signal quality is improved, and the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph is also a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wearable real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardiograph, which can obtain high-quality multichannel electrocardiosignals which have information medical physiological significance and can be used for diagnosing heart diseases and monitoring the physiological condition of the heart at low cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardio appearance of wearable, comprises electrocardio appearance host computer and 3 at least electrocardio sensor, and each electrocardio sensor distributes in conventional electrocardiogram electrode position to acquire the multichannel electrocardiosignal of the medical electrocardio appearance of similar specialty, its characterized in that:
the electrocardio sensor is connected to the electrocardio instrument host in a multi-channel differential input mode;
each electrocardio sensor consists of an independent 4-layer circular PCB, and comprises a detection element formed in the 4-layer circular PCB, an electrocardio signal amplification module and a four-core connector, wherein the electrocardio signal amplification module is attached to a wiring layer on the top layer of the 4-layer circular PCB; the electrocardiosignal amplification module is connected to the detection element, and the four-core connector connects the electrocardio sensor to the electrocardiograph host; the second layer of the 4-layer circular PCB is completely coated with copper to form a shielding layer; the third layer of the 4-layer circular PCB is an inner wiring layer and is used for connecting a power supply and a signal in the electrocardio sensor;
the detection element is formed by adopting a multilayer PCB process and consists of a detection electrode and a three-dimensional shielding cavity surrounding the detection electrode: the bottom layer wiring layer of the 4 layers of circular PCB boards is divided into a detection electrode positioned in the center of the PCB board and a shielding ring surrounding the detection electrode; a plurality of through holes uniformly distributed along the shielding ring are connected with the shielding ring and the shielding layer to form a three-dimensional shielding cavity with a cage-shaped three-dimensional structure; the outer surface of the bottom wiring layer is entirely covered with a solder resist insulating layer to form high-impedance electrical isolation between a detection electrode and human skin, and the detection electrode acquires electrocardiosignals in a non-contact mode through capacitive coupling;
the detection electrode is connected to the non-inverting input end of the electrocardiosignal amplification module through a blocking capacitor; the three-dimensional shielding cavity is connected to the reverse input end of the electrocardiosignal amplification module through a resistor so as to eliminate the influence of external interference signals on the detection electrode.
The invention discloses a better technical scheme of a wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph, which is characterized in that a mainframe of the electrocardiograph comprises an electrocardiograph sampling unit, a signal processing unit and a wireless transmission unit; the electrocardio sampling unit is formed by connecting an operational amplifier for instruments of all electrocardio signal channels and an eight-channel analog-to-digital converter; the instrument operational amplifiers of all the electrocardiosignal channels are connected in a multi-path differential input mode, wherein the first electrocardio sensor is used as a common differential cathode and is connected in parallel with the inverting input ends of the instrument operational amplifiers of all the independent electrocardiosignal channels; the other electrocardio sensors are used as difference anodes of each path of independent electrocardiosignal channel and are respectively connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier of each electrocardiosignal channel; after being amplified by the operational amplifier high-power difference, each path of electrocardiosignal from the electrocardio sensor is respectively transmitted to a corresponding analog input channel of the eight-channel analog-to-digital converter, sampled and converted into a digital signal, and transmitted to the signal processing unit as electrocardio sampling data.
The invention discloses a better technical scheme of a wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph, which is characterized in that a signal processing unit comprises a primary data cache, a heartbeat capture module, a large-capacity memory, a secondary data cache and a Web server; the electrocardio sampling unit transmits electrocardio sampling data obtained by sampling conversion to a first-level data cache and stores the electrocardio sampling data serving as original data to a large-capacity memory; the heartbeat capturing module reads the electrocardio sampling data from the first-level data cache, calculates a heartbeat quantitative estimation value, judges and captures electrocardiosignals according to the heartbeat quantitative estimation value, and transmits the electrocardio signal data to the second-level data cache; the Web server reads electrocardiosignal data from the secondary data cache, converts the electrocardiosignal data into an HTML standard format, and provides an online electrocardiosignal display function through the wireless transmission unit; the Web server reads the electrocardiosignal data from the mass storage, converts the electrocardiosignal data into an HTML standard format, and provides functions of replaying historical heartbeat data and downloading original electrocardio sampling data through the wireless transmission unit.
The invention discloses a preferable technical scheme of a wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph, which is characterized in that a high-integration nonvolatile memory chip is adopted by a large-capacity memory, the available memory capacity of the memory chip is at least 2GB, and the requirement of long-time uninterrupted storage of high-precision high-sampling-rate multi-channel electrocardiograph signals can be met.
The invention discloses an improved technical scheme of a wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph, which is characterized in that a wireless transmission unit comprises a Bluetooth, ZigBee or WiFi special wireless network or a 2G, 3G or 4G public network; the intelligent terminal can realize cross-platform display of the electrocardiogram data only by accessing the Web server through the wireless transmission unit based on an HTML protocol without installing any special software or plug-in; the intelligent terminal is cross-platform terminal equipment configured with an HTML standard network browser, and comprises a personal computer, a notebook computer, an intelligent mobile phone, an intelligent mobile terminal or a monitoring terminal of a remote medical first-aid center based on any one operating system platform of Windows, Linux, Unix, iOS or Android; the Web browser comprises an IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari browser supporting HTML standards, or an application app based on Web services.
The invention relates to a further improved technical scheme of a wearable real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardiograph, which is characterized by further comprising an alarm unit arranged at the middle upper part of the chest of elastic clothing, wherein the alarm unit comprises a miniature microphone and an alarm button which are connected to a main machine of the electrocardiograph, and a wearer can press the alarm button to input own voice signals and send alarm information to a connected intelligent terminal in an emergency situation or automatically broadcast the alarm information to a customer service center or a medical emergency center through a public data communication network.
The heart beat capture is the key for calculating the heart rate and the heart rhythm, and the other purpose of the invention is to provide an electrocardio monitoring method for the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph, which solves the technical problem of efficiently capturing the heart beat in a complex non-steady state. The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an electrocardio monitoring method for the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10: obtaining n historical electrocardiographic sample data x from the mass storage 223 of the electrocardiograph main unit 20iWherein i is 1 … n, xi＝[xi,1xi,2... xi,m]For the ith sample vector, m is the sample vector xiN is the total number of samples and n is much greater than m;
s20: when the product is developed in the initial stage and updated in stages, the original electrocardio sampling data x is utilizediEstablishing a sample matrix in a development environment and executing a machine learning program, obtaining a target vector β with a minimum error value through finite iterations, storing the target vector β as a constant parameter in a memory of the electrocardiograph host 20, and using the weight vector for capturing heartbeats of any individual at any time;
s30: the electrocardiograph main unit 20 acquires real-time sampling data x through electrocardiographic samplingiCalculating a quantified estimate of the heartbeat using a pre-stored target vector βFor real-time sampling data xiAnd performing heartbeat estimation to realize rapid heartbeat capture, wherein T is matrix transposition operation.
A preferred technical solution of the electrocardiographic monitoring method of the present invention is characterized in that the step S20 executes a machine learning program according to the following steps:
s200: generating a random value vector with the same dimension as the target vector beta, and setting the random value vector as an initial value of beta;
s210: building a sample matrix (x) in a development environmenti,yi) i is 1 … n, wherein yiSampling data x for historical electrocardiographyiA judged value of whether or not it is a heartbeat, i.e.
S220: based on a sample matrix (x)i,yi) Establishing an error function J (β):
wherein,j is the dimension of the target vector β, and a constant λ is used to control the iteration increment size, λ ≈ 1;
s230: based on a sample matrix (x)i,yi) Establishing a gradient function dJ/d β:
when the value of j is 0, the value of j,
when j is more than or equal to 1;
s240: and taking an error function J (beta) and a gradient function dJ/d beta as input, calling a GNC fminuc function, and performing iterative operation to update a target vector beta:
s250, finding a local extreme value through a finite number of iterative algorithms, and finally obtaining a target vector β ═ b with the minimum error value1b2... bm]And transmitted as constant parameters to the electrocardiograph main unit 20 and stored in the memory thereof.
A preferred technical solution of the electrocardiographic monitoring method of the present invention is characterized in that the step S30 performs heartbeat estimation according to the following steps:
s300: caching data from the first levelAcquiring real-time sampling data x of electrocardio sensori；
S310, calculating real-time sampling data x by utilizing prestored target vectors βiQuantified estimate of heart beaty′iThe calculation result of (a) is between 0 and 1;
s320: judgment of heartbeat quantization estimation value y'iIf it is greater than 0.5, if y'iIf the value is more than 0.5, turning to the step S330, or turning to the step S340;
s330: determining sampled data xiSending the heartbeat time into a second-level data cache for the real heartbeat, and returning to the step S300 to wait for next electrocardio sampling;
s340: and judging that the sampling data does not contain effective heartbeat data, and returning to the step S300 to wait for next electrocardio sampling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph is characterized in that a plurality of independent small-size non-contact electrocardiograph sensors are adopted and connected to an electrocardiograph host through signal wires with the length of 50cm in a multi-channel differential input mode, and acquired electrocardiograph signals have signal quality which can be compared with a traditional Holter measuring mode of a professional medical electrocardiograph in a daily electromagnetic environment with interference of mobile phone signals, WiFi and other wireless signals.
2. The wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph is provided with the high-capacity memory formed by the high-integration non-volatile memory chip, so that the requirement of long-time uninterrupted storage of high-precision high-sampling-rate multi-channel electrocardiograph signals can be met, and the electrocardiograph sampling storage is independent of external wireless signal coverage; no matter whether the position of the user is covered by the wireless signal or not, the electrocardio data can be ensured not to be lost.
3. The wearable real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardiograph is internally provided with the Web server and the wireless transmission unit, and after electrocardiograph signal data are converted into an HTML standard format, an online electrocardiograph signal display function, historical heartbeat data playback and original electrocardiograph sampling data downloading function are provided through the wireless transmission unit; any cross-platform terminal equipment configured with an HTML standard Web browser can realize cross-platform display of electrocardiogram data only by accessing the Web server through the wireless transmission unit and without installing any special software or plug-in.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an electrocardiograph sensor of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the configuration of the electrocardiograph sensor of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the sensing surface of the electrocardiograph sensor of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a chest configuration scheme of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a waist configuration scheme of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a shoulder configuration scheme of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of the wearable real-time multi-channel contactless electrocardiograph of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electrocardiograph host of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of a machine learning method of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a flowchart of a heartbeat estimation method of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a top wiring layer, 2-an electrocardiosignal amplifying module, 201-a preamplifier, 202-a second-level amplifier, 3-a four-core coupler, 4-a shielding layer, 5-an internal wiring layer, 6-a detection electrode, 7-a shielding ring, 8-a via hole, 9-a solder-resistant insulating layer, 10-a detection element, 20-an electrocardiograph host, 21-an electrocardio sampling unit, 211-an operational amplifier for instrument, 212-an analog-to-digital converter, 22-a signal processing unit, 221-a first-level data cache, 222-a heartbeat capturing module, 223-a large-capacity memory, 224-a second-level data cache, 225-a Web server, 23-a wireless transmission unit, 30-an intelligent terminal, 40-elastic clothing and 50-an alarm unit, hs-electrocardio sensors H1-H6.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
One group of embodiments of the wearable real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardiograph disclosed by the invention is shown in fig. 4 to 7 and comprises an electrocardiograph host 20 and k independent small-size non-contact electrocardiograph sensors Hs, wherein s is 1-k, k is more than or equal to 9 and more than or equal to 3, and the electrocardiograph sensors Hs are connected to the electrocardiograph host 20 in a multichannel differential input mode through signal wires with the length of 50 cm; each electrocardio sensor Hs is composed of an independent 4-layer circular PCB with the diameter of 2.8 cm; in the three configuration embodiments of fig. 4 to 6, k is 6, and 6 electrocardiograph sensors H1 to H6 are disposed on the chest of the elastic clothing 40; in the three configuration embodiments of fig. 4 to 6, the electrocardiograph sensors H1-H6 are distributed at the positions of conventional electrocardiograph electrodes to acquire multi-channel electrocardiograph signals similar to a professional medical electrocardiograph (Holter).
One embodiment of an electrocardiograph sensor used in the wearable real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention is shown in fig. 1 to 3, and comprises a detection element 10 formed inside a 4-layer circular PCB, and an electrocardiograph signal amplification module 2 and a four-core coupler 3 attached to a wiring layer on the top of the 4-layer circular PCB; the electrocardiosignal amplification module 2 is connected to the detection element 10, and the four-core connector 3 connects the electrocardio sensor Hs to the electrocardiograph host 20; the electrocardiosignal amplification module 2 and the four-core connector 3 are attached to a top wiring layer 1 of a 4-layer circular PCB; the second layer of the 4-layer circular PCB is completely coated with copper to form a shielding layer 4; the third layer of the 4-layer circular PCB is an inner wiring layer 5 which is used for connecting a power supply and a signal in the electrocardio sensor;
the detection element 10 is formed by adopting a multilayer PCB process and consists of a detection electrode 6 and a three-dimensional shielding cavity surrounding the detection electrode 6: the bottom wiring layer of the 4 layers of circular PCB boards is divided into a detection electrode 6 and a shielding ring 7, the detection electrode 6 is a circular copper-clad area with the diameter of 2.5cm and is positioned in the center of the 4 layers of circular PCB boards; the shielding ring 7 is an annular copper-clad area with the width of 1.4mm and is positioned on the outer ring of the circular PCB; an insulation gap of 0.1mm is reserved between the detection electrode 6 and the shielding ring 7; 40 through holes 8 uniformly distributed along the shielding ring 7 are connected with the shielding ring 7 and the shielding layer 4 to form a three-dimensional shielding cavity with a cage-shaped three-dimensional structure; according to a preferred embodiment of the electrocardiograph sensor of the present invention, the through hole 8 is a metalized hole with a diameter of 3 mil; the outer surface of the bottom wiring layer is entirely covered with a solder resist insulating layer 9 to form high-impedance electrical isolation between the detection electrode 6 and human skin, the insulation resistance of the detection electrode is more than 1G ohm, and the detection electrode 6 acquires electrocardiosignals in a non-contact mode through capacitive coupling; the detection electrode 6 of the non-contact electrocardio sensor is not directly and electrically connected with the skin, so that the good electric conduction is ensured by smearing gel on the surface of the skin unlike the existing wet electrode, and the relative insulation is achieved by wearing underwear or T-shirts by a user unlike the existing non-contact electrocardio sensor with an exposed induction sheet.
The electrocardiosignal amplification module 2 comprises a preamplifier 201 and a secondary amplifier 202, and the detection electrode 6 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the preamplifier 201 through a blocking capacitor; the three-dimensional shielding cavity is connected to the reverse input end of the preamplifier 201 through a 10K ohm resistor so as to eliminate the influence of an external interference signal on the detection electrode 6; the preamplifier 201 is connected to a secondary amplifier 202 through an electrocardiosignal filter. In an exemplary embodiment of the ecg sensor of the present invention, the ecg signal filter is formed by a 0.5Hz high pass filter, a 100Hz low pass filter, and a 50Hz notch circuit connected together. Considering that the electrocardiographic signal is a low-frequency signal, according to the preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, the electrocardiographic sensor of the present invention uses a 3.5mm four-core audio socket as the four-core coupler 3, instead of the CN102657524B technical solution, for the miniUSB interface of electrode connection. Because the 3.5mm four-core audio socket of central symmetry class cylinder shape is non-directional, the connecting wire plug can follow 360 degrees arbitrary angles and insert the socket, and it is more convenient than the miniUSB interface use that must insert the socket from a fixed angle. The output end of the electrocardiosignal amplification module 2 is connected to the electrocardio instrument host through a four-core connection 3 through an audio signal lead with the length of 50 cm. In order to ensure the optimal wearing comfort of the user in different postures, the invention provides three sampling system distribution schemes, wherein the chest scheme shown in fig. 4 is suitable for sports, the waist scheme shown in fig. 5 is suitable for slight activities with higher comfort requirements, the shoulder scheme shown in fig. 6 is suitable for sleeping, and the user can freely select and configure the sampling system according to the preference.
Because the electrocardio-sensor adopts a three-dimensional shielding cavity structure and a multi-channel differential input mode, the electrocardio-sensor can effectively eliminate external interference and obviously improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and reduces the diameter of a circular PCB to 2.8cm, compared with a circular PCB with the diameter of 3.9cm in the CN102657524B technical scheme, the area of the electrocardio-sensor is reduced by 48.5 percent. By greatly reducing the volume and the installation area of the non-contact electrocardio sensor, the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardio meter can place and arrange more electrodes in the chest space with the same size so as to improve the spatial resolution of electrocardio signal sampling. As shown in fig. 4-6, the electrocardio-sensor of the present invention can be easily embedded in the elastic clothing fabric and distributed in the classical position to obtain the electrocardio-signal similar to Holter.
In an embodiment of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention shown in fig. 7, the electrocardiograph host 20 includes an electrocardiograph sampling unit 21, a signal processing unit 22 and a wireless transmission unit 23; the electrocardio sampling unit 21 consists of k-1 operational amplifiers 211 for instruments and an eight-channel analog-to-digital converter 212 which are connected in a multi-path differential input mode of each electrocardiosignal channel; k-1 operational amplifiers 211 for instruments are connected in a multi-path differential input mode, wherein a first electrocardio sensor H1 is used as a shared differential negative electrode and is connected in parallel with the inverted input end of the operational amplifier 211 for instruments of each path of independent electrocardiosignal channel; the other electrocardio sensors H2-Hk are used as differential anodes of k-1 paths of independent electrocardiosignal channels and are respectively connected to the non-inverting input end of the instrument operational amplifier 211 of each electrocardiosignal channel; after being differentially amplified by the operational amplifier 211 for instrument at high times (amplification factor is more than 280 times), each channel of electrocardiosignals from the electrocardio sensor Hs are respectively transmitted to a corresponding analog input channel of the eight-channel analog-to-digital converter 212, sampled and converted into 16bit digital signals, and transmitted to the signal processing unit 22 as electrocardio sampling data.
The input impedance of the non-contact electrode is very high (G ohm level), so that the non-contact electrode is very sensitive to environmental noise and easily causes the saturation of a rear-end signal conditioning circuit. The operational amplifier 211 for the instrument is a differential operational amplifier for an INA333 instrument of Texas instruments, and the INA333 has a high common mode rejection ratio and an extremely low input offset voltage, so that common mode interference mixed in electrocardiosignals from a non-contact electrode can be effectively filtered, the signal-to-noise ratio of the input electrocardiosignals is fundamentally improved, and the signal quality is improved.
According to the embodiment of the electrocardiograph host 20 of the wearable real-time multi-channel contactless electrocardiograph shown in fig. 8, the signal processing unit 22 includes a primary data cache 221, a heartbeat capture module 222, a mass storage 223, a secondary data cache 224 and a Web server 225; the electrocardio sampling unit 21 transmits the electrocardio sampling data obtained by sampling conversion to a first-level data cache 221, and stores the electrocardio sampling data as original data to a large-capacity memory 223; the heartbeat capturing module 222 reads the electrocardio sampling data from the first-level data cache 221, calculates a heartbeat quantitative estimation value, judges and captures electrocardio signals according to the heartbeat quantitative estimation value, and transmits the electrocardio signal data to the second-level data cache 224; the Web server 225 reads the electrocardiosignal data from the secondary data cache 224, converts the electrocardiosignal data into an HTML standard format, and provides an online electrocardiosignal display function through the wireless transmission unit 23; the Web server 225 reads the electrocardiographic signal data from the mass storage 223, converts the electrocardiographic signal data into an HTML standard format, and provides functions of historical heartbeat data playback and original electrocardiographic sample data downloading through the wireless transmission unit 23.
According to an embodiment of the electrocardiograph host 20 of the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph of the present invention, the mass storage 223 employs a high-integration non-volatile memory chip, and the available storage capacity of the memory chip is at least 2GB, which can meet the requirement of long-time uninterrupted storage of high-precision high-sampling-rate multi-channel electrocardiograph signals; taking a 16-bit high-precision electrocardiosignal as an example, if the sampling rate is 1KHz per channel, in order to realize uninterrupted storage of 8 channels of sampling data for 24 hours, the storage capacity needs to be at least 16 × 1000/8 × 3600 × 24 × 8 ═ 1382400000byte ≈ 1.4 GB; the technical scheme of the invention realizes that the electrocardio sampling storage does not depend on the coverage of external wireless signals; no matter whether the position of the user is covered by the wireless signal or not, the electrocardio data can not be lost.
The wireless transmission unit 23 comprises a bluetooth, ZigBee or WiFi private wireless network, or a 2G, 3G or 4G public network; the intelligent terminal 30 only needs to access the Web server 225 through the wireless transmission unit 23 based on an HTML protocol, and can realize cross-platform display of electrocardiogram data without installing any special software or plug-in; the intelligent terminal 30 is a cross-platform terminal device configured with an HTML standard web browser, and includes a personal computer, a notebook computer, an intelligent mobile phone, an intelligent mobile terminal or a monitoring terminal of a remote medical first aid center based on any one of Windows, Linux, Unix, iOS or Android operating system platforms; the Web browser comprises an IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari browser supporting HTML standards, or an application app based on Web services.
According to the embodiment of the configuration shown in fig. 4-6, the wearable real-time multichannel contactless electrocardiograph of the present invention further comprises an alarm unit 50 connected to the electrocardiograph main unit 20, wherein the alarm unit 50 is arranged at the middle upper part of the chest of the elastic dress material 40 and comprises a miniature microphone and an alarm button; in an emergency (such as feeling of palpitation, chest distress, discomfort and the like), a wearer of the electrocardiograph can input a voice signal (such as 'i feel palpitation and chest distress at the moment') by pressing an alarm button (such as pressing for more than 3 seconds) and send an alarm to a connected intelligent terminal 30 (such as a handheld device like a mobile phone), and after obtaining the alarm, the intelligent terminal 30 can timely and automatically broadcast the alarm to a customer service center or a medical emergency center through a public data communication network; according to the alarming time and the voice information of a wearer, a user or medical personnel can quickly and accurately extract an electrocardio data segment of an important time point from the massive historical electrocardio data of the wearer and correlate the electrocardio data segment with the physical feeling of the wearer, so that efficient data search is realized, and the electrocardio data of occasional and random occurrence of abnormal heartbeat, premature beat or arrhythmia is captured; in non-emergency situations (e.g., running, walking, eating, taking medicine, etc.), the wearer may also use the alarm unit 50 for voice recording of events or wearer status by clicking or short-pressing an alarm button, collecting data for later data analysis and disease diagnosis.
The electrocardio monitoring method for the wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph comprises the following steps:
s10: obtaining n historical electrocardiographic sample data x from the mass storage 223 of the electrocardiograph main unit 20iWherein i is 1 … n, xi＝[xi,1xi,2... xi,m]For the ith sample vector, m is the sample vector xiN is the total number of samples and n is much greater than m;
s20: when the product is developed in the initial stage and updated in stages, the original electrocardio sampling data x is utilizediIn the development ringIn the environment, a sample matrix is established and a machine learning program is executed, a target vector β with the minimum error value is obtained through finite iteration and is stored in a memory of the electrocardiograph host 20 as a constant parameter for a weight vector for capturing the heartbeat of any individual at any time, the operation amount of the step is large, the time consumption is long, and the step is executed on a computing platform of a development environment only during the initial development and the periodic updating of products.
S30: the electrocardiograph main unit 20 acquires real-time sampling data x through electrocardiographic samplingiCalculating a quantified estimate of the heartbeat using a pre-stored target vector βFor real-time sampling data xiAnd performing heartbeat estimation to realize rapid heartbeat capture, wherein T is matrix transposition operation. Due to f (x)iβ) mainly comprises linear operation, the calculation amount is small, so the heartbeat capture algorithm of the step has high speed, occupies small CPU, the electrocardiograph host 20 using the low-power consumption embedded CPU has sufficient capacity to complete heartbeat estimation every 50-100 milliseconds, and can capture electrocardiosignals by using simple and quick linear operation under the state of completely keeping the original signal waveform.
According to the embodiment of the heartbeat capturing method of the present invention shown in fig. 9, the step S20 executes the machine learning procedure according to the following steps:
s200: generating a random value vector with the same dimension as the target vector beta as an initial value of the beta; according to a preferred embodiment, the initial value of the target vector β is based on a random vector of values between 0 and 1 (co-dimensional with β), the value of each dimension of the random vector of values then being multiplied by 0.2 and subtracted by 0.1.
S210: building a sample matrix (x) in a development environmenti,yi) i is 1 … n, wherein yiSampling data x for historical electrocardiographyiA judged value of whether or not it is a heartbeat, i.e.
S220: based on a sample matrix (x)i,yi) Establishing an error function J (β):
wherein,j is the dimension of the target vector β, and a constant λ is used to control the iteration increment size, λ ≈ 1;
s230: based on a sample matrix (x)i,yi) Establishing a gradient function dJ/d β:
when the value of j is 0, the value of j,
when j is more than or equal to 1;
because the target vector β is multidimensional (m for total dimensions, m > 1), its corresponding gradient function is also multidimensional, i.e., each dimension (e.g., the jth dimension) of the gradient function is a first-order partial derivative of the error function J (β) based on the corresponding dimension of the target vectoriAdding a dimension with constant 1, marked as x0The corresponding increase in the target vector β by a corresponding x0Dimension b of0For the estimation of the intercept in a general linear regression. It is emphasized that b0Only in iterative calculations for the target vector β, when the calculation is finished, finding the best target vector based on all samples, b0Will be removed.
S240: and taking an error function J (beta) and a gradient function dJ/d beta as input, calling a GNC fminuc function, and performing iterative operation to update a target vector beta:
s250, finding a local extreme value through a finite number of iterative algorithms, and finally obtaining a target vector β ═ b with the minimum error value1b2... bm]And transmitted as constant parameters to the electrocardiograph main unit 20 and stored in the memory thereof.
According to the embodiment of the heartbeat capturing method of the present invention shown in fig. 10, the step S30 performs heartbeat estimation according to the following steps:
s300: obtaining real-time sampling data x of electrocardio sensor from first-level data cachei，xiThe array is hundreds of bits in length and comprises multi-channel sampling data with the length of 50-100 milliseconds;
s310, calculating real-time sampling data x by utilizing prestored target vectors βiQuantified estimate of heart beaty′iThe calculation result of (a) is between 0 and 1;
s320: judgment of heartbeat quantization estimation value y'iIf it is greater than 0.5, if y'iIf the value is more than 0.5, turning to the step S330, or turning to the step S340;
s330: determining sampled data xiSending the heartbeat time into a second-level data cache for the real heartbeat, and returning to the step S300 to wait for next electrocardio sampling;
s340: and judging that the sampling data does not contain effective heartbeat data, and returning to the step S300 to wait for next electrocardio sampling.
Although in the above embodiment the target vector β is a 1 × m array, the heartbeat capture method of the present invention is equally applicable to more complex mathematical models, for example, for multi-layer neural networks, where f (x) is calculatediβ), a matrix describing the hidden layer needs to be added, so that the number of target vectors involved may be multiple, i.e. from xiMultiple operations are required to be performed in sequence at first, each layer executes one matrix multiplication operation, and finally a sample x is obtainediAnd a heartbeat estimation result f (x) with the value between 0 and 1iβ). the specific operation steps differ from mathematical model to mathematical model, but the basic structure and concept of the heartbeat capture algorithm are the same.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the present invention, and any changes and modifications to the above embodiments based on the spirit of the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardio appearance of wearable, comprises electrocardio appearance host computer and 3 at least electrocardio sensor, and each electrocardio sensor distributes in conventional electrocardiogram electrode position to acquire the multichannel electrocardiosignal of the medical electrocardio appearance of similar specialty, its characterized in that:
the electrocardio sensor is connected to the electrocardio instrument host in a multi-channel differential input mode;
each electrocardio sensor consists of an independent 4-layer circular PCB, and comprises a detection element formed in the 4-layer circular PCB, an electrocardio signal amplification module and a four-core connector, wherein the electrocardio signal amplification module is attached to a wiring layer on the top layer of the 4-layer circular PCB; the electrocardiosignal amplification module is connected to the detection element, and the four-core connector connects the electrocardio sensor to the electrocardiograph host; the second layer of the 4-layer circular PCB is completely coated with copper to form a shielding layer; the third layer of the 4-layer circular PCB is an inner wiring layer and is used for connecting a power supply and a signal in the electrocardio sensor;
the detection element is formed by adopting a multilayer PCB process and consists of a detection electrode and a three-dimensional shielding cavity surrounding the detection electrode: the bottom layer wiring layer of the 4 layers of circular PCB boards is divided into a detection electrode positioned in the center of the PCB board and a shielding ring surrounding the detection electrode; a plurality of through holes uniformly distributed along the shielding ring are connected with the shielding ring and the shielding layer to form a three-dimensional shielding cavity with a cage-shaped three-dimensional structure; the outer surface of the bottom wiring layer is entirely covered with a solder resist insulating layer to form high-impedance electrical isolation between a detection electrode and human skin, and the detection electrode acquires electrocardiosignals in a non-contact mode through capacitive coupling;
the detection electrode is connected to the non-inverting input end of the electrocardiosignal amplification module through a blocking capacitor; the three-dimensional shielding cavity is connected to the reverse input end of the electrocardiosignal amplification module through a resistor so as to eliminate the influence of external interference signals on the detection electrode.
2. The wearable real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardiograph according to claim 1, wherein the electrocardiograph host comprises an electrocardiograph sampling unit, a signal processing unit and a wireless transmission unit; the electrocardio sampling unit is formed by connecting an operational amplifier for instruments of all electrocardio signal channels and an eight-channel analog-to-digital converter; the instrument operational amplifiers of all the electrocardiosignal channels are connected in a multi-path differential input mode, wherein the first electrocardio sensor is used as a common differential cathode and is connected in parallel with the inverting input ends of the instrument operational amplifiers of all the independent electrocardiosignal channels; the other electrocardio sensors are used as difference anodes of each path of independent electrocardiosignal channel and are respectively connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier of each electrocardiosignal channel; after being amplified by the operational amplifier high-power difference, each path of electrocardiosignal from the electrocardio sensor is respectively transmitted to a corresponding analog input channel of the eight-channel analog-to-digital converter, sampled and converted into a digital signal, and transmitted to the signal processing unit as electrocardio sampling data.
3. The wearable real-time multichannel non-contact electrocardiograph according to claim 2, wherein the signal processing unit comprises a primary data cache, a heartbeat capture module, a mass storage, a secondary data cache and a Web server; the electrocardio sampling unit transmits electrocardio sampling data obtained by sampling conversion to a first-level data cache and stores the electrocardio sampling data serving as original data to a large-capacity memory; the heartbeat capturing module reads the electrocardio sampling data from the first-level data cache, calculates a heartbeat quantitative estimation value, judges and captures electrocardiosignals according to the heartbeat quantitative estimation value, and transmits the electrocardio signal data to the second-level data cache; the Web server reads electrocardiosignal data from the secondary data cache, converts the electrocardiosignal data into an HTML standard format, and provides an online electrocardiosignal display function through the wireless transmission unit; the Web server reads the electrocardiosignal data from the mass storage, converts the electrocardiosignal data into an HTML standard format, and provides functions of replaying historical heartbeat data and downloading original electrocardio sampling data through the wireless transmission unit.
4. The wearable real-time multi-channel contactless electrocardiograph according to claim 2, wherein the wireless transmission unit comprises either a bluetooth, ZigBee or WiFi private wireless network, or a 2G, 3G or 4G public network; the intelligent terminal can realize cross-platform display of the electrocardiogram data only by accessing the Web server through the wireless transmission unit based on an HTML protocol without installing any special software or plug-in; the intelligent terminal is cross-platform terminal equipment configured with an HTML standard network browser, and comprises a personal computer, a notebook computer, an intelligent mobile phone, an intelligent mobile terminal or a monitoring terminal of a remote medical first-aid center based on any one operating system platform of Windows, Linux, Unix, iOS or Android; the Web browser comprises an IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari browser supporting HTML standards, or an application app based on Web services.
5. The wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph according to claim 3, wherein the high-capacity memory employs a high-integration nonvolatile memory chip, the available memory capacity of which is at least 2GB, and the requirement of long-time uninterrupted storage of high-precision high-sampling-rate multi-channel electrocardiograph signals can be met.
6. A wearable real-time multi-channel non-contact electrocardiograph according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising an alarm unit disposed at the upper middle part of the chest of the elastic garment, wherein the alarm unit comprises a micro microphone and an alarm button connected to the main machine of the electrocardiograph, and the wearer can press the alarm button to input his/her voice signal and send an alarm message to the connected intelligent terminal in case of emergency, or automatically broadcast the alarm message to a customer service center or a medical emergency center through a public data communication network.
7. An electrocardiographic monitoring method for the wearable real-time multichannel contactless electrocardiograph according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s10: obtaining n historical electrocardiographic sample data x from the mass storage 223 of the electrocardiograph main unit 20iWherein i is 1 … n, xi＝[xi,1xi,2… xi,m]For the ith sample vector, m is the sample vector xiN is the total number of samples and n is much greater than m;
s20: when the product is developed in the initial stage and updated in stages, the original electrocardio sampling data x is utilizediEstablishing a sample matrix in a development environment and executing a machine learning program, obtaining a target vector β with a minimum error value through finite iterations, storing the target vector β as a constant parameter in a memory of the electrocardiograph host 20, and using the weight for capturing the heartbeat of any individual at any timeVector quantity;
s30: the electrocardiograph main unit 20 acquires real-time sampling data x through electrocardiographic samplingiCalculating a quantified estimate of the heartbeat using a pre-stored target vector βFor real-time sampling data xiAnd performing heartbeat estimation to realize rapid heartbeat capture, wherein T is matrix transposition operation.
8. The electrocardiograph monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein the step S20 is performed by a machine learning program according to the following steps:
s200: generating a random value vector with the same dimension as the target vector beta as an initial value of the beta;
s210: building a sample matrix (x) in a development environmenti,yi) i is 1Ln, wherein yiSampling data x for historical electrocardiographyiA judged value of whether or not it is a heartbeat, i.e.
S220: based on a sample matrix (x)i,yi) Establishing an error function J (β):
wherein,j is the dimension of the target vector β, and a constant λ is used to control the iteration increment size, λ ≈ 1;
s230: based on a sample matrix (x)i,yi) Establishing a gradient function dJ/d β:
when the value of j is 0, the value of j,
when j is more than or equal to 1;
s240: and taking an error function J (beta) and a gradient function dJ/d beta as input, calling a GNC fminuc function, performing iterative operation, and updating a target vector beta:
s250: finding out local extreme value by finite iterative algorithm to obtain final valueTo the target vector β [ b ] that achieves the minimum error value1b2... bm]And transmitted as constant parameters to the electrocardiograph main unit 20 and stored in the memory thereof.
9. The electrocardiograph monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein the step S30 is performed by a machine learning program according to the following steps:
s300: obtaining real-time sampling data x of electrocardio sensor from first-level data cachei；
S310, calculating real-time sampling data x by utilizing prestored target vectors βiQuantified estimate of heart beaty′iThe calculation result of (a) is between 0 and 1;
s320: judgment of heartbeat quantization estimation value y'iIf it is greater than 0.5, if y'i>0.5, go to step S330, otherwise go to step S340;
s330: determining sampled data xiSending the heartbeat time into a second-level data cache for the real heartbeat, and returning to the step S300 to wait for next electrocardio sampling;
s340: and judging that the sampling data does not contain effective heartbeat data, and returning to the step S300 to wait for next electrocardio sampling.
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Application publication date: 20170620 |