CN106855725B - Submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device - Google Patents
Submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106855725B CN106855725B CN201510896175.XA CN201510896175A CN106855725B CN 106855725 B CN106855725 B CN 106855725B CN 201510896175 A CN201510896175 A CN 201510896175A CN 106855725 B CN106855725 B CN 106855725B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
Abstract
The invention provides a submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device, which comprises a soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor, a soil moisture content sensor, an on-site measurement and control unit, a remote monitoring host and a soil parameter adjusting device, wherein the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor is connected with the soil moisture content sensor; the soil thermal resistivity sensor and the soil moisture content sensor are respectively connected with the field measurement and control unit, and the field measurement and control unit and the soil parameter adjusting device are respectively connected with the remote monitoring host. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the soil thermal resistance coefficient can be adjusted or the soil temperature can be directly adjusted by monitoring the temperature, the thermal resistance coefficient and the water content of the soil and adjusting the water content of the soil according to the monitoring result, so that the purposes of improving the heat dissipation capacity of the line of the submarine cable landing section and improving the current-carrying capacity of the submarine cable landing section are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measurement and control device, in particular to a measurement and control device for adjusting soil temperature and thermal resistance coefficient of a submarine cable landing section to improve current-carrying capacity of the submarine cable landing section.
Background
According to the difference of cable laying positions, the submarine cable can be divided into a submarine section, a landing section and an empty section. At the submarine cable landing section, the cable is typically laid directly in the soil (including sand or other special backfill material). The environmental temperature and the thermal resistivity of the soil near the cable line are important parameters for determining the current-carrying capacity of the cable line. Because the environmental temperature of the landing section is high, the thermal resistance coefficient of soil is high, and the current-carrying capacity of the landing section cable is usually greatly lower than that of the seabed section and the empty middle section, which is the bottleneck of the transmission capacity of the submarine cable line.
In the existing submarine cable engineering, the current-carrying capacity of the landing section is improved by stripping armor of the landing section of the submarine cable, laying a cooling water pipe near the landing section of the submarine cable, replacing original soil with special backfill soil and the like. Among them, the method of stripping the armor involves the design and construction of the line, which is difficult to implement on the existing line. The method of laying the cooling water pipe and backfilling can improve the heat dissipation capacity of the submarine line to a certain extent, but the requirement of the cooling water pipe on equipment is higher; the special backfill is only used in a local area around the cable, and the properties of the backfill may still change under the action of a long-term high-temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the submarine cable landing section operation environment measurement and control device, which achieves the purposes of improving the heat dissipation capacity of a submarine cable landing section line and increasing the current-carrying capacity of the submarine cable landing section by monitoring the temperature, the thermal resistance coefficient and the water content of soil and adjusting the soil water content according to the monitoring result so as to adjust the thermal resistance coefficient of the soil or directly adjust the soil temperature.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a submarine cable landing zone operational environment measurement and control device which improves characterized in that: the measuring and controlling device comprises a soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor, a soil moisture content sensor, a field measuring and controlling unit, a remote monitoring host and a soil parameter adjusting device; the soil thermal resistivity sensor and the soil moisture content sensor are respectively connected with the field measurement and control unit, and the field measurement and control unit and the soil parameter adjusting device are respectively connected with the remote monitoring host.
Preferably, the soil thermal resistivity sensor is embedded in soil near the submarine cable at the landing section, is connected with the field measurement and control unit, and is used for acquiring the thermal resistivity of the soil.
Further, the soil thermal resistivity sensor comprises a hollow stainless steel cylinder with one end open and the other end sealed, an electric heating wire arranged at the axis position inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder, a thermocouple arranged inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder and a waterproof plug arranged at the opening end of the hollow stainless steel cylinder; the temperature measuring point of the thermocouple is welded on the pipe wall of the hollow stainless steel cylinder;
the electric heating wire and the thermocouple are respectively connected with the waterproof plug inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder, and the outer side of the waterproof plug is connected with one end of a power supply and one end of a signal wire; and the other ends of the power supply and the signal wire are connected with a field measurement and control unit and are used for providing a constant direct current power supply for the heating wire and transmitting a measurement signal of the thermocouple to the field measurement and control unit.
Further, the sealed end of the hollow stainless steel cylinder is a solid cone coaxial with the hollow stainless steel cylinder; the ratio of the axial length to the radial diameter of the hollow stainless steel cylinder is greater than 20;
and the hollow stainless steel cylinder is filled with heat conduction materials, and the hollow stainless steel cylinder, the heating wire and the thermocouple are insulated from each other.
Furthermore, the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat conduction material is larger than 5W/m.K, and the heat capacity ratio of the heat conduction material to the soil to be measured is within the range of 0.5-2.
Preferably, the soil moisture content sensor is buried in soil near the landing zone submarine cable, is connected with the on-site measurement and control unit, and is used for acquiring the moisture content of the soil.
Further, the soil moisture content sensor comprises a detection circuit, and a power line, a data line and a probe which are respectively connected with the detection circuit; the power line is connected with the field measurement and control unit and used for providing a working power supply for the detection circuit; the data line is connected with the field measurement and control unit and is used for transmitting the measurement signal of the detection circuit to the field measurement and control unit; the probes are a pair of strip-shaped metal electrodes which are distributed in parallel.
Preferably, the on-site measurement and control unit is arranged near the submarine cable line of the landing section, and comprises:
a communication input module: the remote monitoring host is connected and used for receiving the instruction sent by the remote monitoring host and setting the measurement parameters according to the instruction;
a direct current power supply module: the communication input module and the signal processing module are respectively connected and used for generating a constant direct current power supply according to the measurement parameters set by the communication input module so as to provide a working power supply for the signal processing module;
a power output module: the direct-current power supply module is connected with the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor and the soil moisture content sensor respectively, and is used for supplying direct-current power generated by the direct-current power supply module to the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor and the soil moisture content sensor;
a signal input module: the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor is connected with the soil moisture content sensor and is used for receiving measurement signals of the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor and the soil moisture content sensor;
the signal processing module: the signal input module is connected and used for calculating the soil temperature, the thermal resistance coefficient and the water content in the test area according to the measurement signals received by the signal input module;
a communication output module: the signal processing module and the remote monitoring host are respectively connected; and the remote monitoring host is used for transmitting the soil temperature, the thermal resistance coefficient and the water content which are calculated by the signal processing module to the remote monitoring host.
Preferably, the soil parameter adjusting device is a cooling water pipe or a water spraying device which is arranged in parallel to the landing section submarine cable line, is connected with the remote monitoring host through a signal cable, and is used for adjusting the temperature and the water content of the soil near the landing section submarine cable according to an adjusting instruction of the remote monitoring host.
Preferably, the remote monitoring host is used for receiving the measurement data of the on-site measurement and control unit, calculating the change trend of the current-carrying capacity of the submarine cable at the landing section, and sending an adjusting instruction to the soil parameter adjusting device.
Compared with the closest technical scheme, the invention has the following remarkable improvements:
1. according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the temperature, the thermal resistance coefficient and the water content of the soil near the submarine cable line are used as monitoring quantities, and the variation trend of soil thermophysical property and line current-carrying capacity can be sensitively and intuitively reflected.
2. The soil thermal resistivity sensor provided by the invention has smaller system error and wider measurable soil thermal resistivity range.
3. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the area needing important improvement in the landing section line can be determined according to the monitoring result, different soil parameter adjusting measures are made, and the adjusting cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil thermal resistivity sensor;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the hardware configuration of a soil moisture content sensor;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a hardware structure of the on-site measurement and control unit;
wherein: 1-a soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor, 2-a soil moisture content sensor, 3-a field measurement and control unit, 4-a remote monitoring host and 5-a soil parameter adjusting device; 6-hollow stainless steel cylinder; 7-electric heating wire; 8-a thermocouple; 9-a thermally conductive material; 10-waterproof plug; 11-power and signal lines.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following description, a detailed structure will be presented for a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. It is apparent that the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art. The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the invention is capable of other embodiments in addition to those detailed.
The embodiment provides a submarine cable landing section operation environment measurement and control device, and the device adjusts soil moisture content according to the monitoring result through monitoring soil temperature, thermal resistivity and moisture content, and then adjusts soil thermal resistivity or directly adjusts soil temperature to reach the purpose of improving submarine cable landing section line heat-sinking capability, increase submarine cable landing section current-carrying capacity.
The overall structure of the submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device provided by this embodiment is shown in fig. 1: the system comprises a soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor 1, a soil moisture content sensor 2, a field measurement and control unit 3, a remote monitoring host 4 and a soil parameter adjusting device 5; the soil thermal resistivity sensor 1 and the soil moisture content sensor 2 are respectively connected with the on-site measurement and control unit 3, and the on-site measurement and control unit 3 and the soil parameter adjusting device 5 are respectively connected with the remote monitoring host 4.
The soil thermal resistivity sensor 1 is embedded in soil near the submarine cable of the landing section, and one end of the soil thermal resistivity sensor is connected with the field measurement and control unit 3 and used for acquiring the thermal resistivity of the soil. The structure of the device is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a hollow stainless steel cylinder 6, a heating wire 7, a thermocouple 8, a heat conduction material 9, a waterproof plug 10 and a power supply and signal wire 11.
The soil thermal resistivity sensor 1 is based on a hot wire method, and the working principle is as follows: the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6 is a hollow stainless steel pipe with one end being a solid cone, the electric heating wire 7 is positioned at the axis position inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6, the temperature measuring point of the thermocouple 8 is welded on the pipe wall of the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6, and the axis of the thermocouple 8 is positioned inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6. The electric heating wire 7 and the thermocouple 8 are connected with a waterproof plug 10 inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6. The heat conductive material 9 is filled inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6, and functions to conduct heat and electrically insulate the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6, the heating wire 7, and the thermocouple 8 wire of the thermocouple 8 from each other. The waterproof plug 10 is installed at the end part of the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6, one end of a power supply and signal wire 11 is connected with the waterproof plug 10, and the other end of the power supply and signal wire is connected with the field measurement and control unit 3, so that a constant direct-current power supply is provided for the electric heating wire 7, and a measurement signal of the thermocouple 8 is transmitted.
The soil thermal resistivity sensor 1 is characterized in that the length-diameter ratio of the hollow stainless steel cylinder 6 is more than 20.
The soil thermal resistivity sensor 1 is in a form of a probe based on a hot wire method, a heat conduction material 9 is filled in the probe, the heat conduction coefficient of the heat conduction material 9 is larger than 5W/m.K, and the heat capacity ratio of the heat conduction material to soil to be measured is in a range of 0.5-2.
The soil moisture content sensor 2 is buried in soil near the landing zone submarine cable, and one end of the soil moisture content sensor is connected with the field measurement and control unit 3 and used for acquiring the moisture content of the soil. The structure of the device is shown in fig. 3 and comprises a power line, a data line, a detection circuit and a probe. The power line is respectively connected with the field measurement and control unit 3 and the detection circuit, the data line is respectively connected with the field measurement and control unit 3 and the detection circuit, the detection circuit is connected with the probe, and the probe is a pair of strip-shaped metal electrodes which are distributed in parallel.
The soil moisture content sensor 2 is based on a frequency domain reflection technology, and the working principle is as follows: a pair of strip-shaped metal electrodes distributed in parallel of the probe and soil between the electrodes form a capacitor, a voltage signal with frequency change is generated in the detection circuit, the detection circuit and the probe form an oscillation circuit under specific frequency, a power line provides power for the detection circuit, and a data line transmits a measurement signal in the detection circuit.
The on-site measurement and control unit 3 is arranged near a landing submarine cable line and used for supplying power to the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor 1 and the soil moisture sensor and receiving measurement data of the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor 1 and the soil moisture sensor 2.
The overall hardware structure block diagram of the field measurement and control unit 3 is shown in fig. 4, and comprises a communication input module, a direct-current power supply module, a power supply output module, a signal input module, a signal processing module and a communication output module. The communication input module is connected with the direct current power supply module, the direct current power supply module is connected with the power supply output module and the signal processing module, the power supply output module is connected with the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor 1 and the soil moisture content sensor 2, the direct current power supply module is used for providing constant direct current power supply for the sensors, the signal input module is connected with the signal processing module and used for receiving measurement signals of the sensors, the signal processing module is connected with the direct current power supply module, the signal input module and the communication output module and used for calculating signal values such as soil temperature, thermal resistance coefficient, moisture content and the like of soil in a test area according to the measurement signals received by the signal input module, and the communication output module is connected with the signal processing module, the function of which is to transmit the signal values generated by the signal processing module to the remote monitoring host 4.
The soil parameter adjusting device 5 is arranged along the line of the submarine cable of the landing section, is connected with the remote monitoring host 4 through a signal cable, and is used for adjusting the temperature and the water content of the soil near the submarine cable of the landing section according to an adjusting instruction of the remote monitoring host 4.
The soil parameter adjusting device 5 is a cooling water pipe or a water spraying device which is arranged in parallel to the landing section submarine cable line.
The remote monitoring host 4 is used for receiving the measurement data of the on-site measurement and control unit 3, calculating the change trend of the current-carrying capacity of the submarine cable at the landing section, and sending an adjusting instruction to the soil parameter adjusting device 5.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is set forth in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a submarine cable landing zone operational environment measurement and control device which characterized in that: the measuring and controlling device comprises a soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor, a soil moisture content sensor, a field measuring and controlling unit, a remote monitoring host and a soil parameter adjusting device; the soil thermal resistivity sensor and the soil moisture content sensor are respectively connected with a field measurement and control unit, and the field measurement and control unit and the soil parameter adjusting device are respectively connected with the remote monitoring host;
the soil thermal resistivity sensor is embedded in soil near the submarine cable of the landing section, is connected with the field measurement and control unit and is used for acquiring the thermal resistivity of the soil;
the soil thermal resistivity sensor comprises a hollow stainless steel cylinder with one end open and the other end sealed, an electric heating wire arranged at the axis position inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder, a thermocouple arranged inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder and a waterproof plug arranged at the opening end of the hollow stainless steel cylinder; the temperature measuring point of the thermocouple is welded on the pipe wall of the hollow stainless steel cylinder;
the electric heating wire and the thermocouple are respectively connected with the waterproof plug inside the hollow stainless steel cylinder, and the outer side of the waterproof plug is connected with one end of a power supply and one end of a signal wire; the other end of the power supply and signal wire is connected with a field measurement and control unit and is used for providing a constant direct current power supply for the electric heating wire and transmitting a measurement signal of the thermocouple to the field measurement and control unit; the sealed end of the hollow stainless steel cylinder is a solid cone coaxial with the hollow stainless steel cylinder; the ratio of the axial length to the radial diameter of the hollow stainless steel cylinder is greater than 20;
the hollow stainless steel cylinder is filled with heat conducting materials, and the hollow stainless steel cylinder, the heating wire and the thermocouple are insulated from each other;
the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat conduction material is more than 5W/m.K, and the heat capacity ratio of the heat conduction material to the soil to be measured is within the range of 0.5-2;
the on-site measurement and control unit is arranged near a submarine cable line of a landing section and comprises:
a communication input module: the remote monitoring host is connected and used for receiving the instruction sent by the remote monitoring host and setting the measurement parameters according to the instruction;
a direct current power supply module: the communication input module and the signal processing module are respectively connected and used for generating a constant direct current power supply according to the measurement parameters set by the communication input module so as to provide a working power supply for the signal processing module;
a power output module: the direct-current power supply module is connected with the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor and the soil moisture content sensor respectively, and is used for supplying direct-current power generated by the direct-current power supply module to the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor and the soil moisture content sensor;
a signal input module: the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor is connected with the soil moisture content sensor and is used for receiving measurement signals of the soil thermal resistance coefficient sensor and the soil moisture content sensor;
the signal processing module: the signal input module is connected and used for calculating the soil temperature, the thermal resistance coefficient and the water content in the test area according to the measurement signals received by the signal input module;
a communication output module: the signal processing module and the remote monitoring host are respectively connected; and the remote monitoring host is used for transmitting the soil temperature, the thermal resistance coefficient and the water content which are calculated by the signal processing module to the remote monitoring host.
2. The submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device according to claim 1, wherein:
the soil moisture content sensor is buried in soil near the submarine cable of the landing section, is connected with the field measurement and control unit, and is used for acquiring the moisture content of the soil.
3. The submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device according to claim 2, wherein:
the soil moisture content sensor comprises a detection circuit, and a power line, a data line and a probe which are respectively connected with the detection circuit; the power line is connected with the field measurement and control unit and used for providing a working power supply for the detection circuit; the data line is connected with the field measurement and control unit and is used for transmitting the measurement signal of the detection circuit to the field measurement and control unit; the probes are a pair of strip-shaped metal electrodes which are distributed in parallel.
4. The submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device according to claim 1, wherein:
the soil parameter adjusting device is a cooling water pipe or a water spraying device which is arranged in parallel to the submarine cable line of the landing section, is connected with the remote monitoring host through a signal cable, and is used for adjusting the temperature and the water content of soil near the submarine cable of the landing section according to an adjusting instruction of the remote monitoring host.
5. The submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device according to claim 1, wherein:
the remote monitoring host is used for receiving the measurement data of the on-site measurement and control unit, calculating the change trend of the current-carrying capacity of the submarine cable at the landing section, and sending an adjusting instruction to the soil parameter adjusting device.
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| CN201510896175.XA CN106855725B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device |
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| CN201510896175.XA CN106855725B (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | Submarine cable landing section operating environment measurement and control device |
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| CN110208618B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-07-31 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司 | Multi-working-condition direct-current cable water circulation forced cooling test platform under direct-current heat source |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101487810A (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2009-07-22 | 北京市农林科学院 | Soil three-parameter measuring method and system |
| CN201594082U (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2010-09-29 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Portable soil thermal resistivity measuring device |
| CN102997964A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil multiparameter sensing measurement system |
| CN104237483A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-24 | 上海大学 | Soil body temperature gradient and moisture movement test device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB2401183B (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2006-10-18 | Terence Mcburney | Probe |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101487810A (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2009-07-22 | 北京市农林科学院 | Soil three-parameter measuring method and system |
| CN201594082U (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2010-09-29 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Portable soil thermal resistivity measuring device |
| CN102997964A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil multiparameter sensing measurement system |
| CN104237483A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-24 | 上海大学 | Soil body temperature gradient and moisture movement test device |
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| Title |
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| 500kV海底电缆损耗分析与节能措施;刘磊 等;《南方电网技术》;20150930;第9卷(第9期);第72页、第74页 * |
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