CN106854746B - A kind of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel and its preparation process - Google Patents

A kind of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel and its preparation process Download PDF

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CN106854746B
CN106854746B CN201611070454.1A CN201611070454A CN106854746B CN 106854746 B CN106854746 B CN 106854746B CN 201611070454 A CN201611070454 A CN 201611070454A CN 106854746 B CN106854746 B CN 106854746B
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rare earth
steel
carbon chromium
speed rail
salt bath
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CN106854746A (en
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张毅
李丽华
国秀花
王悔改
安俊超
王智勇
孙慧丽
柴哲
宋克兴
田保红
刘勇
任凤章
贾淑果
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44—Carburising
    • C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of preparation process of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel, including GCr15 steel part being placed in the closed salt bath furnace of the neutral fused salt containing rare earth and aluminium powder, chemical reaction is generated by carbon, the nitrogen-atoms in the metallic atom and steel part matrix in fused salt, steel part matrix surface is diffused in and forms the metallic carbide layer containing rare earth element.Rare earth element of the present invention is yttrium, neodymium, can be added with single-element, can also mix two kinds while be added, and by the mass ratio of yttrium and neodymium is 1:1~1:4 when two kinds of rare earth elements are added simultaneously, introducing form is the chloride of yttrium, neodymium.The present invention provides a kind of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel and its preparation process realize that rare earth high-carbon chromium steel is high-intensitive, Proper Match of high surface hardness and high tenacity by adjusting the component, proportion and preparation process of fused salt.It is irregular to overcome high-speed rail bearing steel alloy surface carbonation thickness degree in the prior art, the technological deficiencies such as comprehensive performance difference.

Description

A kind of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel and its preparation process
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of for high-speed railway bearing the present invention relates to the surface strengthening treatment technology field of steel part Rare earth high-carbon chromium steel and its salt bath expand cementation process.
Background technique
One of the crucial walking component of high-speed rail bearing as bullet train machine driven system, performance, service life and reliable Property become vehicle stability, the restraining factors of safety.For organizing into groups quality as the CRH5 axle box bearing of 451t, with average Value estimation, every set bearing load is about 68.7kN, and maximum rolling body load is about 7.6kN, and contact of the inner ring raceway with roller is answered Power is about 810MPa.Currently, the domestic steel grade for train bearing include high-carbon-chromium bearing steel (GCr15, GCr15SiMn, GCr15SiMo, GCr18Mo etc.) and carburizing bearing steel (G20CrNiMo, G20CrNi2Mo, G20Cr2Ni4 etc.) two types.Its In, carburizing bearing steel has high hardness, fatigue strength and wearability, while core can also have high obdurability, uses extensively In manufacture railway bearing lasso.However, the price of carburizing steel is costly, and it is higher than high-carbon-chromium bearing steel by 2 ~ 4 to be heat-treated cost Times, carburization step tail gas contains the CO of a large amount of adverse conditions2And CO.Therefore, need a kind of cost rationally and hardness, wearability and Impact flexibility excellent new steel substitute carburizing steel.
Currently, salt bath infiltration method is a kind of very widely used process for treating surface.It can after salt bath infiltration processing Preferably to improve matrix strength, hardness, wear-resisting and corrosion resistance, and to penetrate into the cenotype to be formed tight in conjunction with matrix for salt bath Close, adhesive force is strong, can bear biggish load without peeling off, destroying.As Chinese patent CN1072733A discloses a kind of rare earth It urges and seeps glow discharge nitriding new technology, propose urge using the mischmetal of La and Ce the thinking of nitriding, but energizer exists and matches The problems such as side is complicated, activity is lower.A kind of high-carbon steel pin roll vanadizing combined processing work is disclosed in Chinese patent CN101033554A Skill, using solid powder method vanadinizing, 950 ~ 990 DEG C of vanadinizing temperature, the time is 6 ~ 8 hours.Salt bath equipment operation is simple and practical, adds It is hot uniform, it can direct quenching processing after infiltration.But carbon layers having thicknesses are irregular and quality is not easy to control, and working efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome high-speed rail bearing steel alloy surface carbonation thickness degree in the prior art irregular, the skills such as comprehensive performance difference Art defect, the present invention provides a kind of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel and its preparation process, by adjusting fused salt Component, proportion and preparation process realize the Proper Match of rare earth high-carbon chromium steel high intensity, high surface hardness and high tenacity.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of high-speed rail is high with surface peening rare earth Carbon chromium steel, the matrix of the rare earth high-carbon chromium steel are GCr15 steel part, are formed with a thickness in the outer surface salt bath infiltration processing of matrix The metallic carbide layer that degree is 6~11 μm, the metallic carbide layer include the following components'mass percentage: 0.01%~0.12% Al, 0.27%~0.35% rare earth element, 0.002%~0.035% Ba, 1.21%~1.32% Cr, 0.12%~0.28% Si, 0.27%~0.38% Mn, 0.97%~1.03% C, the rare earth element are one or both of yttrium and neodymium.
When the rare earth element is two kinds, the mass ratio of yttrium and neodymium is 1:1~1:4.
A kind of preparation process of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel, comprising the following steps:
(1), substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into methanol or gasoline and is cleaned, later to cleaning after GCr15 steel part carries out surface polishing, obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2), it prepares fused salt: according to mass percent, weighing 1% ~ 5% Al powder, 6% ~ 9% NaF, 3.6% ~ 9.75% respectively NaCl and 31.5% ~ 70.2% BaCl2It is placed in salt bath furnace, after being sufficiently mixed, is heated to 810 ~ 850 DEG C and is dissolved, it Afterwards, the rare earth-iron-boron that mass percent is 15% ~ 50% is added into salt bath furnace, after mixing evenly, under the conditions of 810 ~ 850 DEG C 2 ~ 3h of heating is carried out, fused salt is obtained, it is spare；
The rare earth-iron-boron is YCl3And NdCl3At least one of；
(3), chemical infiltration: temperature of molten salt made from rate-determining steps (2) is 850 ~ 900 DEG C, and step (1) is pretreated Matrix is embedded in the fused salt after 650 ~ 680 DEG C of preheatings, carries out 2 ~ 5h of heating, later, control temperature of molten salt is warming up to 950 ~ 1030 DEG C, and 3 ~ 6h of heat preservation is carried out at such a temperature；
(4), it quenches, be tempered: steel part of the step (3) after chemical infiltration being taken out, is quenched in 410 ~ 430 DEG C of thermostat Carry out 0.5 ~ 1h of heat preservation, later, the steel part transposition in thermostat is carried out at a temperature of 785 ~ 805 DEG C isothermal spheroidizing 1 ~ 2h is air-cooled to room temperature after annealing, then transposition carries out 3 ~ 4 step pulse formula circulating quenching-tempering under the conditions of 840 ~ 860 DEG C, 5 ~ 10min of heat preservation later cleans steel piece surface using 100 DEG C of industrial water, then, is placed in 150 ~ 160 DEG C of conditions Under carry out tempering 1 ~ 2h of isothermal holding, later, steel piece surface is cleaned again using 100 DEG C of cleaning solutions to get arrive at Product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel.
In step (2), salt bath furnace used is closed salt bath furnace, and fills in the salt bath furnace configured with automatic stirring It sets.
In step (4), cleaning solution used is the NaNO that mass concentration is 5%2Solution.
In step (4), it is described quench, tempering is double process for refining.
In step (4), it is described quench, tempering is using step pulse circulating-heating mode.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1), the surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel prepared by the present invention, by the adjustment of the component and proportion of fused salt, with And expand the control of numerous parameters in cementation process, enable the metallic atoms such as yttrium, neodymium, aluminium, the barium in fused salt and GCr15 steel part matrix In carbon, nitrogen-atoms generate chemical reaction, and be diffused in turn steel part matrix surface formed the metallic carbide layer containing yttrium, neodymium. The addition of yttrium, neodymium rare earth element can play the role of activating catalysis and infiltration in molten salt bath, and can effectively improve the group of workpiece surface It knits and performance.In preparation process, the use of closed salt bath furnace effectively reduces the volatilization of molten salt composition；Using salt bath furnace from Dynamic agitating device, also reduces the segregation of salt bath；The hydronic mode of step pulse is used in oil quenching step, is effectively reduced Salt bath energy consumption ensure that the carbon in metallic atom and the steel part matrix in fused salt, nitrogen-atoms are able to carry out sufficient chemical reaction, And then expands and be seeped into matrix；Steel part heat treatment after salt bath uses double-fined treatment technique, i.e., steel part is quenched short in thermostat After Shi Baowen, carbonization can be reached by carrying out short time isothermal spheroidizing using multiple step pulse circulating quenching-tempering Double thinning effects of object and crystal grain.After yttrium, neodymium atom penetrate into workpiece surface formation infiltration layer, plays the role of surface peening, change Structure of vanadinizing layer has simultaneously refined tissue, effectively increases case depth, improves wearability, microhardness and anticorrosive Property etc..Realize the Proper Match of rare earth high-carbon chromium steel high intensity, high surface hardness and high tenacity.
(2), the surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel prepared by the present invention, passes through the works such as molten salt bath, grade quench, tempering Skill operation, makes the alloying layer thickness of finished surface reinforced rare earth high-carbon chromium steel not less than 6 μm, and thickness is uniform, good combination property, warp Measurement, the infiltration layer room temperature surface hardness are not less than 59.8HRC, and tensile strength is not less than 15J/ not less than 1116MPa, impact flexibility cm2, the requirement of bearing steel part performance used for high-speed railway can be better meet.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be GCr15 steel part quench, tempering during process flow chart.
Specific embodiment
Only invention is further described in detail for following embodiments, but does not constitute any limitation of the invention.
A kind of preparation process of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel, including GCr15 steel part is placed in containing rare earth and In the closed salt bath furnace of neutral fused salt of aluminium powder, generated by carbon, the nitrogen-atoms in the metallic atom and steel part matrix in fused salt Chemical reaction is diffused in steel part matrix surface and forms the metallic carbide layer containing rare earth element.Rare earth element of the present invention It for yttrium, neodymium, can be added, two kinds can also be mixed while be added with single-element, by yttrium when two kinds of rare earth elements are added simultaneously Mass ratio with neodymium is 1:1~1:4, and introducing form is the chloride of yttrium, neodymium.
A kind of salt bath process preparing rare earth high-carbon chromium steel of the present invention, the technique include the following steps:
(1), substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into methanol or gasoline and is cleaned, later to cleaning after GCr15 steel part carries out surface polishing, obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2), it prepares fused salt: according to mass percent, weighing 1% ~ 5% Al powder, 6% ~ 9% NaF, 3.6% ~ 9.75% respectively NaCl and 31.5% ~ 70.2% BaCl2It is placed in salt bath furnace, after being sufficiently mixed, is heated to 810 ~ 850 DEG C and is dissolved, it Afterwards, the rare earth-iron-boron that mass percent is 15% ~ 50% is added into salt bath furnace, after mixing evenly, under the conditions of 810 ~ 850 DEG C 2 ~ 3h of heating is carried out, fused salt is obtained, it is spare；
The rare earth-iron-boron is YCl3And NdCl3At least one of；
(3), chemical infiltration: temperature of molten salt made from rate-determining steps (2) is 850 ~ 900 DEG C, and step (1) is pretreated Matrix is embedded in the fused salt after 650 ~ 680 DEG C of preheatings, carries out 2 ~ 5h of heating, later, control temperature of molten salt is warming up to 950 ~ 1030 DEG C, and 3 ~ 6h of heat preservation is carried out at such a temperature；
(4), it quenches, be tempered: steel part of the step (3) after chemical infiltration being taken out, is quenched in 410 ~ 430 DEG C of thermostat Carry out 0.5 ~ 1h of heat preservation；It is taken out from thermostat, 1 ~ 2h of isothermal spheroidizing is carried out at a temperature of being placed in 785 ~ 805 DEG C, is air-cooled to room Temperature；Transposition carries out 3 ~ 4 step pulse circulating quenching-tempering under the conditions of 840 ~ 860 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 5 ~ 10min, and use 100 DEG C of industrial water cleans steel piece surface；Finally, carried out under the conditions of being placed in 150 ~ 160 DEG C tempering isothermal holding 1 ~ 2h cleans steel piece surface using 100 DEG C of cleaning solutions again to get finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium is arrived Steel.
In step (2), salt bath furnace used is closed salt bath furnace, and fills in the salt bath furnace configured with automatic stirring It sets.
In step (4), cleaning solution used is the NaNO that mass concentration is 5%2Solution.
In step (4), it is described quench, tempering is double process for refining.
In step (4), it is described quench, tempering is using step pulse circulating-heating mode.
Embodiment 1
A kind of surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel described in the present embodiment, by molten salt bath, on GCr15 steel matrix surface Yttrium, neodymium metal are penetrated into, the metal carbon-coating of the neodymium containing yttrium is formed.Its salt bath process are as follows:
(1) substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into methanol and is cleaned, later to the GCr15 steel part after cleaning into Row surface polishing obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2) prepare fused salt: molten salt composition proportion is Al-BaCl2-NaCl-NaF-YCl3-NdCl3, wherein the quality of Al powder The mass fraction that the mass fraction that score is 3%, NaF is 7%, NaCl is 6.875%, BaCl2Mass fraction be 48.125%, to After 830 DEG C of fused salts dissolve, then it is separately added into the YCl that mass fraction is 15%3The NdCl for being 20% with mass fraction3, 3h is kept the temperature, is obtained It is spare to fused salt；
(3) chemical infiltration: the pretreated GCr15 steel part matrix of step (1) after 650 DEG C of preheatings, is sent into containing step Suddenly in the salt bath furnace of the fused salt of (2), charging temperature is 850 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2h；The salt temperature of heating and thermal insulation processing is 950 DEG C, is protected The warm time is 3h；
(4) quench, be tempered: after salt bath, taking-up steel part is quenched in 420 DEG C of thermostats, keeps the temperature 30min；Then at 790 DEG C Isothermal spheroidizing keeps the temperature 90min, air-cooled；4 step pulse circulations are carried out in 860 DEG C, 855 DEG C, 850 DEG C, 845 DEG C to quench-return Fire keeps the temperature 6min, oil quenching；It is cleaned with 100 DEG C of industrial waters, is tempered through 150 DEG C, keep the temperature 120min, the quality using 100 DEG C is dense The NaNO that degree is 5%2Solution cleans steel piece surface again to get the finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium arrived Steel.
After measured: the alloying layer thickness of finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel is 6 μm, and tensile strength reaches 1116MPa, room temperature surface hardness reach 59.8HRC, impact flexibility is 15 J/cm2。
Embodiment 2
A kind of surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel described in the present embodiment, by molten salt bath, on GCr15 steel matrix surface Yttrium, neodymium metal are penetrated into, the metal carbon-coating of the neodymium containing yttrium is formed.Its salt bath process are as follows:
(1) substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into gasoline and is cleaned, later to the GCr15 steel part after cleaning into Row surface polishing obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2) prepare fused salt: molten salt composition proportion is Al-BaCl2-NaCl-NaF-YCl3-NdCl3, wherein the quality of Al powder The mass fraction that the mass fraction that score is 4%, NaF is 8%, NaCl is 5.34%, BaCl2Mass fraction be 42.66%, to After 830 DEG C of fused salts dissolve, then it is separately added into the YCl that mass fraction is 17.5%3The NdCl for being 22.5% with mass fraction3, heat preservation 2h obtains fused salt, spare；
(3) chemical infiltration: the pretreated GCr15 steel part matrix of step (1) is preheated through 660 DEG C, feeding contains step (2) in the salt bath furnace of fused salt, charging temperature is 860 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h；The salt temperature of heating and thermal insulation processing is 960 DEG C, heat preservation Time is 4h；
(4) quench, be tempered: after salt bath, taking-up steel part is quenched in 420 DEG C of thermostats, keeps the temperature 40min；Then at 795 DEG C Isothermal spheroidizing keeps the temperature 100min, air-cooled；860 DEG C, 855 DEG C, 850 DEG C, 845 DEG C carry out 4 step pulses circulation quench- Tempering keeps the temperature 7min, oil quenching；It is cleaned with 100 DEG C of industrial waters, is tempered through 155 DEG C, 110min is kept the temperature, using 100 DEG C of quality The NaNO that concentration is 5%2Solution cleans steel piece surface again to get the finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon arrived Chromium steel；
After measured: the alloying layer thickness of finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel is 7 μm, and tensile strength reaches 1190MPa, room temperature surface hardness reach 60.3HRC, impact flexibility is 18 J/cm2。
Embodiment 3
A kind of surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel described in the present embodiment, by molten salt bath, on GCr15 steel matrix surface Yttrium, neodymium metal are penetrated into, the metal carbon-coating of the neodymium containing yttrium is formed.Its salt bath process are as follows:
(1) substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into gasoline and is cleaned, later to the GCr15 steel part after cleaning into Row surface polishing obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2) prepare fused salt: molten salt composition proportion is Al-BaCl2-NaCl-NaF-YCl3-NdCl3, wherein the quality of Al powder The mass fraction that the mass fraction that score is 5%, NaF is 9%, NaCl is 4.1%, BaCl2Mass fraction be 36.9%, to 830 After DEG C fused salt dissolves, then it is separately added into the YCl that mass fraction is 7.5%3The NdCl for being 37.5% with mass fraction3, 3h is kept the temperature, is obtained It is spare to fused salt；
(3) chemical infiltration: the pretreated GCr15 steel part matrix of step (1) is preheated through 670 DEG C, feeding contains step (2) in the salt bath furnace of fused salt, charging temperature is 870 DEG C, keeps the temperature 4h；The salt temperature of heating and thermal insulation processing is 970 DEG C, heat preservation Time is 5h；
(4) quench, be tempered: after salt bath, taking-up steel part is quenched in 430 DEG C of thermostats, keeps the temperature 50min；Then at 800 DEG C Isothermal spheroidizing keeps the temperature 110min, air-cooled；3 step pulse circulations are carried out in 860 DEG C, 850 DEG C, 840 DEG C to quench-be tempered, and are protected Warm 8min, oil quenching；Cleaned with 100 DEG C of industrial waters, through 160 DEG C be tempered, keep the temperature 100min, use 100 DEG C of mass concentration for 5% NaNO2Solution cleans steel piece surface again to get the finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel arrived；
After measured: the alloying layer thickness of finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel is 9 μm, and tensile strength reaches 1185MPa, room temperature surface hardness reach 60.1HRC, impact flexibility 17J/cm2。
Embodiment 4
A kind of surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel described in the present embodiment, by molten salt bath, on GCr15 steel matrix surface Yttrium, neodymium metal are penetrated into, the metal carbon-coating of the neodymium containing yttrium is formed.Its salt bath process are as follows:
(1) substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into methanol and is cleaned, later to the GCr15 steel part after cleaning into Row surface polishing obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2) prepare fused salt: molten salt composition proportion is Al-BaCl2-NaCl-NaF-YCl3-NdCl3, wherein the quality of Al powder The mass fraction that the mass fraction that score is 5%, NaF is 9%, NaCl is 3.6%, BaCl2Mass fraction be 32.4%, to 850 After DEG C fused salt dissolves, then it is separately added into the YCl that mass fraction is 20%3The NdCl for being 30% with mass fraction3, 2h is kept the temperature, is melted Salt, it is spare；
(3) chemical infiltration: the pretreated GCr15 steel part matrix of step (1) is preheated through 680 DEG C, feeding contains step (2) in the salt bath furnace of fused salt, charging temperature is 880 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5h, and the salt temperature of heating and thermal insulation processing is 980 DEG C, heat preservation Time is 6h；
(4) quench, be tempered: after salt bath, taking-up steel part is quenched in 430 DEG C of thermostats, keeps the temperature 60min；Then at 805 DEG C Isothermal spheroidizing keeps the temperature 120min, air-cooled；3 step pulse circulations are carried out in 860 DEG C, 850 DEG C, 840 DEG C to quench-be tempered, and are protected Warm 9min, oil quenching；Cleaned with 100 DEG C of industrial waters, through 160 DEG C be tempered, keep the temperature 100min, use 100 DEG C of mass concentration for 5% NaNO2Solution cleans steel piece surface again to get the finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel arrived.
After measured: the alloying layer thickness of finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel is 11 μm, and tensile strength reaches 1256MPa, room temperature surface hardness reach 62.4HRC, impact flexibility 24J/cm2。
Embodiment 5
A kind of surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel described in the present embodiment, by molten salt bath, on GCr15 steel matrix surface Yttrium, neodymium metal are penetrated into, the metal carbon-coating of the neodymium containing yttrium is formed.Its salt bath process are as follows:
(1) substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into methanol and is cleaned, later to the GCr15 steel part after cleaning into Row surface polishing obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2) prepare fused salt: molten salt composition proportion is Al-BaCl2-NaCl-NaF-YCl3, wherein the mass fraction of Al powder The mass fraction that mass fraction for 1%, NaF is 8%, NaCl is 9.75%, BaCl2Mass fraction be 66.25%, to 810 DEG C After fused salt dissolves, the YCl that mass fraction is 15% is added3, 2.5h is kept the temperature, fused salt is obtained, it is spare；
(3) chemical infiltration: the pretreated GCr15 steel part matrix of step (1) is preheated through 670 DEG C, feeding contains step (2) in the salt bath furnace of fused salt, charging temperature is 900 DEG C, keeps the temperature 4h, and the salt temperature of heating and thermal insulation processing is 1000 DEG C, is protected The warm time is 5h；
(4) quench, be tempered: after salt bath, taking-up steel part is quenched in 410 DEG C of thermostats, keeps the temperature 60min；Then at 785 DEG C Isothermal spheroidizing keeps the temperature 60min, air-cooled；3 step pulse circulations are carried out in 860 DEG C, 850 DEG C, 840 DEG C to quench-be tempered, and are protected Warm 10min, oil quenching；Cleaned with 100 DEG C of industrial waters, through 155 DEG C be tempered, keep the temperature 90min, use 100 DEG C of mass concentration for 5% NaNO2Solution cleans steel piece surface again to get the finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel arrived.
After measured: the alloying layer thickness of finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel is 7 μm, and tensile strength reaches 1102MPa, room temperature surface hardness reach 59.8HRC, impact flexibility 14J/cm2。
Embodiment 6
A kind of surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel described in the present embodiment, by molten salt bath, on GCr15 steel matrix surface Yttrium, neodymium metal are penetrated into, the metal carbon-coating of the neodymium containing yttrium is formed.Its salt bath process are as follows:
(1) substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into gasoline and is cleaned, later to the GCr15 steel part after cleaning into Row surface polishing obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2) prepare fused salt: molten salt composition proportion is Al-BaCl2-NaCl-NaF-NdCl3, wherein the mass fraction of Al powder The mass fraction that mass fraction for 4%, NaF is 6%, NaCl is 7.5%, BaCl2Mass fraction be 52.5%, it is molten to 840 DEG C After salt dissolves, the NdCl that mass fraction is 30% is added3, 2h is kept the temperature, fused salt is obtained, it is spare；
(3) chemical infiltration: the pretreated GCr15 steel part matrix of step (1) is preheated through 660 DEG C, feeding contains step (2) in the salt bath furnace of fused salt, charging temperature is 880 DEG C, keeps the temperature 4h, and the salt temperature of heating and thermal insulation processing is 1030 DEG C, is protected The warm time is 5h；
(4) quench, be tempered: after salt bath, taking-up steel part is quenched in 420 DEG C of thermostats, keeps the temperature 50min；Then at 790 DEG C Isothermal spheroidizing keeps the temperature 100min, air-cooled；3 step pulse circulations are carried out in 860 DEG C, 850 DEG C, 840 DEG C to quench-be tempered, and are protected Warm 5min, oil quenching；It is cleaned with 100 DEG C of industrial waters, is tempered through 160 DEG C, kept the temperature 60min, use 100 DEG C of mass concentration for 5% NaNO2Solution cleans steel piece surface again to get the finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel arrived.
After measured: the alloying layer thickness of finished product high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel is 9 μm, and tensile strength reaches 1196MPa, room temperature surface hardness reach 61.2HRC, impact flexibility 20J/cm2。
The property of the GCr15 steel of surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel prepared by each embodiment of the present invention and non-salt bath infiltration Energy index comparison, is shown in Table shown in one.
The main performance index of table one invention steel and compared steel
Alloying component Tensile strength/MPa Alloying layer thickness/μm Hardness/HRC Impact flexibility/(J/cm2)
Embodiment 1 1116 6 59.8 15
Embodiment 2 1190 7 60.3 18
Embodiment 3 1185 9 60.1 17
Embodiment 4 1256 11 62.4 24
Embodiment 5 1102 7 59.8 14
Embodiment 6 1196 9 61.2 20
Compared steel 896 4 53.9 9

Claims (5)

1. the matrix of a kind of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel, the rare earth high-carbon chromium steel is GCr15 steel part, feature exists In: the metallic carbide layer that a layer thickness is 6~11 μm, the metallic carbide layer are formed in the outer surface salt bath infiltration processing of matrix It includes the following components'mass percentage: 0.01%~0.12% Al, 0.27%~0.35% rare earth element, 0.002%~ 0.035% Ba, 1.21%~1.32% Cr, 0.12%~0.28% Si, 0.27%~0.38% Mn, 0.97%~1.03% C, the rare earth element are one or both of yttrium and neodymium.
2. a kind of high-speed rail according to claim 1 surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel, it is characterised in that: the rare earth When element is two kinds, the mass ratio of yttrium and neodymium is 1:1~1:4.
3. a kind of preparation process of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist In, comprising the following steps:
(1), substrate pretreated: GCr15 steel part being put into methanol or gasoline and is cleaned, later to the GCr15 steel after cleaning Part carries out surface polishing, obtains pretreated matrix, spare；
(2), it prepares fused salt: according to mass percent, weighing 1% ~ 5% Al powder, 6% ~ 9% NaF, 3.6% ~ 9.75% respectively The BaCl of NaCl and 31.5% ~ 70.2%2It is placed in salt bath furnace, after being sufficiently mixed, is heated to 810 ~ 850 DEG C and is dissolved, later, Into salt bath furnace be added mass percent be 15% ~ 50% rare earth-iron-boron, after mixing evenly, under the conditions of 810 ~ 850 DEG C into Row 2 ~ 3h of heating, obtains fused salt, spare；
The rare earth-iron-boron is YCl3And NdCl3At least one of；
(3), chemical infiltration: temperature of molten salt made from rate-determining steps (2) is 850 ~ 900 DEG C, by step (1) pretreated matrix It after 650 ~ 680 DEG C of preheatings, is embedded in the fused salt, carries out 2 ~ 5h of heating, later, control temperature of molten salt is warming up to 950 ~ 1030 DEG C, and 3 ~ 6h of heat preservation is carried out at such a temperature；
(4), it quenches, be tempered: steel part of the step (3) after chemical infiltration being taken out, quenches and is carried out into 410 ~ 430 DEG C of thermostat Steel part transposition in thermostat is carried out at a temperature of 785 ~ 805 DEG C 1 ~ 2h of isothermal spheroidizing, moved back by 0.5 ~ 1h of heat preservation later It is air-cooled to room temperature after fire, then transposition carries out 3 ~ 4 step pulse formula circulating quenching-tempering under the conditions of 840 ~ 860 DEG C, heat preservation 5 ~ 10min later cleans steel piece surface using 100 DEG C of industrial water, then, carries out under the conditions of being placed in 150 ~ 160 DEG C It is tempered 1 ~ 2h of isothermal holding, later, steel piece surface is cleaned again using 100 DEG C of cleaning solutions to get finished product high-speed rail is arrived With surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel.
4. a kind of preparation process of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: In step (2), salt bath furnace used is closed salt bath furnace, and self- poking arrangement is configured in the salt bath furnace.
5. a kind of preparation process of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: In step (4), cleaning solution used is the NaNO that mass concentration is 5%2Solution.
CN201611070454.1A 2016-11-29 2016-11-29 A kind of high-speed rail surface peening rare earth high-carbon chromium steel and its preparation process Expired - Fee Related CN106854746B (en)

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