CN106852101A - A kind of method for designing of the stealthy cover of broadband magnetic - Google Patents
A kind of method for designing of the stealthy cover of broadband magnetic Download PDFInfo
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- CN106852101A CN106852101A CN201611257575.7A CN201611257575A CN106852101A CN 106852101 A CN106852101 A CN 106852101A CN 201611257575 A CN201611257575 A CN 201611257575A CN 106852101 A CN106852101 A CN 106852101A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0075—Magnetic shielding materials
- H05K9/0077—Magnetic shielding materials comprising superconductors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for designing of the stealthy cover of broadband magnetic.Specific structure of the present invention based on metal and magnetic material realizes three-dimensional broadband magnetic stealth effect, comprises the following steps that：(1) based superconductive material and metal have certain similitude for electromagnetic shielding action, the design of theory is carried out by the invisible clothes under the magnetostatic field to based superconductive material, determines the electromagnetic property parameters of material and the scope of initial values of structural parameters to carry out follow-up optimization design；(2) for the concealed device and required stealthy frequency range of different size requirement, the thickness and magnetic conductivity of thickness, magnetic shell to metal shell optimize design, while the structure for further being mixed using the metal and magnetic material of multilayer；So as to obtain preferable stealth effect；(3) magnetic material and metal material for meeting performance requirement are chosen, design is then processed, designed concealed device is produced.Magnetic material performance of the present invention is protruded, and structure optimization is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal detection and safety testing field, more particularly to a kind of method for designing of the stealthy cover of broadband magnetic,
Specific structure based on metal and magnetic material realizes three-dimensional broadband magnetic stealth effect.
Background technology
The need for the development of electromagnetism and material science and society, " invisible clothes " this technology also attracts always
Everybody research enthusiasm simultaneously flourishes.Visible light wave range stealth technology realization such as the magic in science fiction
Effect is typically dazzled extremely, and realizes that stealth effect also has huge valency in fields such as national defense safeties in infrared band and microwave section
Value.Overwhelming majority Theoretical Design and the concealed device of experimental verification are all based on changing this method for designing of optics at present, pass through
A series of structure and medium of the spatial distribution of different electromagnetic propertys realizes stealth effect.However, most is all
Some limitation are there are, the frequency of such as incident electromagnetic wave, incident angle or polarization state.In high frequency band, for reality
The costly and complicated processing technology that existing these structures are used also causes that these designed distance practical applications are still remote, manufactures
Shouldered heavy responsibilities with popularization real practical " invisible clothes ".
On the other hand, in modern society there be the detection technique based on magnetostatic field and low frequency magnetic field in safety and field of detecting
It is widely applied, such as in the safety detection of some important places, mineral products and archaeology detection and military affairs are removed mines etc., so quiet
Or low frequency electromagnetic field under the conditions of realize stealthy also thering is extremely important application value.Based on above demand, due to superconduction
The magnetic conductivity of material is under cryogenic zero, and a series of based superconductive materials realize that magnetic is stealthy in magnetostatic field and low frequency magnetic field
The design of effect is suggested, but this method for designing has certain limitation in actual applications, because due to needing to use
Superconductor, so in use, it is necessary to make superconductor temperature using Cryo Equipment below its superconducting critical point.I
Superconductor is substituted by using metal material, the magnetic that we realize three-dimensional low-frequency broadband at room temperature first is stealthy
Effect, to realize that magnetic stealth effect provides effective solution at room temperature, allows stealth technology to obtain on practical real
Matter breaks through.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is directed to the deficiency of current low frequency magnetic field stealth technology, there is provided a kind of stealthy cover of broadband magnetic
Method for designing, the specific structure based on metal and magnetic material realizes three-dimensional broadband magnetic stealth effect.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows：
When the composite construction of metal and magnetic material is designed to realize stealth effect, we need step (1) first
Response that will be to metal-back and magnetic shell to externally-applied magnetic field is analyzed, but because its theoretical calculation is excessively complicated, and base
There is certain similitude in the effect herein of superconductor and metal, so we are first by the quiet of based superconductive material
Invisible clothes under magnetic field carry out the design of theory.Under magnetostatic field, the distribution in magnetic field can be expressed as the gradient of scalar magnetic potential, and magnetic
Scalar potential can be solved by Laplace's equation, i.e.,：
Wherein H is static magnetic field strength,It is scalar magnetic potential, μ is the magnetic conductivity in different medium.In the hidden of superconductor type
In body design, main concept is the magnetic shell in superconductor ball outer covering last layer specific thicknesses and magnetic conductivity.If
Some air chambers are dug out in superconducting sphere, due to the presence of superconductor, externally-applied magnetic field can not enter inside superconductor, so
Now we can wherein hide some metals and magnetic material without being detected by externally-applied magnetic field.
We set in superconductor air chamber as spherical and radius is R1, the outer radius of superconducting sphere is R2, outer the half of magnetic crust
Footpath is R3.By equation 1 and 2, we can obtain the general solution of the Laplace's equation under spherical coordinate system, i.e.,
It is wherein i=1,2,3 represent in air, magnetic material and superconduction respectively.Pn(cos θ) is that the Le of n-th order time allows
German side's journey, r is the radius of spherical coordinates, andWithIt is coefficient to be solved.If it is intended to realizing stealth effect, that is, need
Consider that additional uniform magnetic field is irradiated in structure, and the structure does not cause the interference such as scattering, now we are according to a series of
Boundary condition is calculated the magnetic permeability μ of magnetic materialFMRelation and structural parameters between, i.e.,
Although design of the design parameter for now obtaining just for superconductor in the case of magnetostatic field, in low frequency
In the case of (electromagnetic wavelength is far longer than structure), i.e. quasistatic when, we still can be carried out approximately with formula 4, and
In the case of using metal-back to be designed instead of superconductor, because their all having in low-frequency electromagnetic wave are similar
Screen effect (electrical conductivity of super large), formula 4 can optimize design to special frequency channel as initial value, and so we can
To determine electromagnetic property parameters and structural parameters in material.
Step (2) passes through step (1), we obtain the initial value of required material electromagnetic property parameters and structural parameters,
Now structure and material parameter further can be optimized by business electromagnetic software COMSOL.Mainly for different application
To the size of concealed device, the requirement such as weight and look-in frequency of detection device is different, in required stealthy frequency range to knot for scape
The metal shell thickness of structure, magnetic shell thickness and magnetic conductivity optimize design, obtain preferable design parameter and stealthy
Effect:
2.1 first we determined that the material for using, because the size of the electrical conductivity of metal material is a finite value, so
In near-zero frequency, the skin depth of electromagnetic wave becomes big, and metal can degenerate to low-frequency electromagnetic shielding effect.Now consider
Electrical conductivity to metal to the penetration depth of electromagnetic wave, the influence of eddy-current loss and equivalent diamagnetism intensity, here we select
The larger metallic copper of electrical conductivity is taken, required profile has been processed by Digit Control Machine Tool.When magnetic material is selected,
Here we have selected nickel-zinc ferrite Magnaglo, and its magnetic hystersis loss is smaller, and dynamic permeadility is in low-frequency band very wide
The good linearity is maintained, the linearity of hysteresis curve is also fine.By mixed with solvent parent (our paraffin here)
The processing mode of conjunction, the mass ratio between regulation ferrite and curable solvent is come the permeability required for realizing.Certainly its
The metal material (such as aluminium, zinc etc.) and magnetic material that he meets service behaviour can be used to carry out the processing of stealth structure.
2.2 by business electromagnetic software when structural parameters and material parameter optimization are carried out, and metal-back has risen and " repelled magnetic
The effect of field ", so conductivity metal is higher, shell thickness (R2-R1) thicker, physical dimension (R2) bigger, the diamagnetism of metal shell
Ability it is also bigger, can be effective in lower frequency.Magnetic shell likewise, dynamic permeadility is bigger, shell thickness (R3-R2)
Thicker, the ability in " attraction magnetic field " is stronger, and now magnetic shell has the good linearity due to its dynamic permeadility, so
The ability in " attraction magnetic field " keeps constant with frequency.In order to obtain broader concealed device bandwidth of operation, we can be with during optimization
Increase the thickness and structure size of metal shell, coordinate the thickness and magnetic conductivity for increasing magnetic shell, it is rung in more low frequency
Should, extend bandwidth of operation.And in order to some application scenarios mitigate concealed device while special frequency channel obtains stealth effect
Quality, we can reduce the thickness of metal shell and the thickness of magnetic shell and adjustment magnetic conductivity to realize.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that：
Composite construction by designing metal and magnetic material of the invention, realizes the magnetic in the three-dimensional broadband of low-frequency band
Property stealth effect.
Present invention employs metal material and ferrite magnetic material, because conductivity metal is big, magnetic material performance is dashed forward
Go out, structure optimization is good, there is good stealth effect to incident magnetic field.Compared to concealed device before, with room
Temperature, works and the advantages of broadband character under three-dimensional case.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of concealed device.
Fig. 2 (a) is the frequency domain value result of calculation to the equivalent magnetic polarizability real part of metal-back.
Fig. 2 (b) is the frequency domain value result of calculation to the equivalent magnetic polarizability imaginary part of metal-back.
Fig. 3 (a) is the numerical result of the relative intensity change at the 5mm of corresponding construction surface along z-axis.
Fig. 3 (b) is the experimental measurements of the relative intensity change at the 5mm of corresponding construction surface along z-axis.
Fig. 4 (a) is the numerical result of the relative phase change at the 5mm of corresponding construction surface along z-axis.
Fig. 4 (b) is the experimental measurements of the relative phase change at the 5mm of corresponding construction surface along z-axis.
Along z-axis, relative intensity at the different height of stealth structure surface becomes when Fig. 5 is different frequency electromagnetic wave incident
The numerical result of change.
Fig. 6 (a) is the magnetic field distribution of numerical computations under 100Hz situations.
Fig. 6 (b) is the magnetic field distribution of numerical computations under 7.5KHz situations.
Fig. 6 (c) is the magnetic field distribution of numerical computations under 237KHz situations.
When Fig. 7 (a) is 25KHz, respectively along z-axis apart from stealth structure, metal-back, along x-axis at the 5mm of magnetic crust surface
The numerical result of phase Strength Changes.
When Fig. 7 (b) is 25KHz, respectively along z-axis apart from stealth structure, metal-back, along x-axis at the 5mm of magnetic crust surface
The experimental measurements of phase Strength Changes.
Fig. 8 is showing of separately detecting of metal and simple metal ball using commercial metal detectors to being wrapped up using stealth structure
It is intended to.
Fig. 9 (a) detects signal time domain result of variations during metal by oscilloscope measurement commercial metal detectors.
Fig. 9 (b) detects the signal time domain during metal of stealth structure parcel by oscilloscope measurement commercial metal detectors
Result of variations.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of stealthy method of broad band low frequency based on metal and magnetic material composite construction, specifically includes following steps：
Step (1), when the composite construction of metal and magnetic material is designed to realize stealth effect, because to metal
The electromagnetic response theoretical calculation of shell is excessively complicated, and the effect herein of superconductor and metal has certain similitude, institute
It is analyzed by the invisible clothes under the magnetostatic field to based superconductive material first with us.Under magnetostatic field, the distribution in magnetic field
The gradient of scalar magnetic potential can be expressed as, and scalar magnetic potential can be solved by Laplace's equation, i.e.,：
Wherein H is static magnetic field strength,It is scalar magnetic potential, μ is the magnetic conductivity in different medium.In the stealthy of three-dimensional case
In design, main concept is the magnetic shell in superconductor ball outer covering last layer specific thicknesses and magnetic conductivity.Such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, here calculate when we first with superconductor come alternative metals, in superconductor air chamber be spherical and radius be R1, superconduction
The outer radius of ball is R2, the outer radius of magnetic crust is R3.By equation 1 and 2, we can be obtained in the drop-down pula of spherical coordinate system
The general solution of this equation, i.e.,
It is wherein i=1,2,3 represent in air, magnetic material and superconduction respectively.Pn(cos θ) is that the Le of n-th order time allows
German side's journey, r is the radius of spherical coordinates, andWithIt is coefficient to be solved.If it is intended to realizing stealth effect, that is, need
Consider that additional uniform magnetic field is irradiated in structure, and the structure does not cause scattering etc., now we are according to a series of borders
Condition is calculated the magnetic permeability μ of magnetic materialFMRelation and structural parameters between, i.e.,
On the one hand in the case of low frequency, electromagnetic wavelength is far longer than structure for quasistatic, on the other hand uses metal-back
They have similar electromagnetic shielding effect in low-frequency electromagnetic wave during come instead of superconductor, so we can use formula 4
The electromagnetic property parameters and structural parameters in material can be determined to be optimized to special frequency channel as initial value.
Step (2), by step (1), we obtain the initial value of required material electromagnetic property parameters and structural parameters,
Now structure and material parameter further can be optimized by business electromagnetic software COMSOL.Mainly for different application
To the size of concealed device, the requirement such as weight and look-in frequency of detection device is different, in required stealthy frequency range to knot for scape
The metal shell thickness of structure, magnetic shell thickness and magnetic conductivity optimize design, obtain preferable design parameter and stealthy
Effect:
2.1 first we determined that the material for using, because the size of the electrical conductivity of metal material is a finite value, so
In near-zero frequency, the skin depth of electromagnetic wave becomes big, and metal can degenerate to low-frequency electromagnetic shielding effect.Now consider
Electrical conductivity to metal to the penetration depth of electromagnetic wave, the influence of eddy-current loss and equivalent diamagnetism intensity, here we select
The larger metallic copper of electrical conductivity is taken, required profile has been processed by Digit Control Machine Tool.When magnetic material is selected,
Here we have selected nickel-zinc ferrite Magnaglo, and its magnetic hystersis loss is smaller, and dynamic permeadility is in low-frequency band very wide
The good linearity is maintained, the linearity of hysteresis curve is also fine.By mixed with solvent parent (our paraffin here)
The processing mode of conjunction, the mass ratio between regulation ferrite and curable solvent is come the permeability required for realizing.Certainly its
The metal material (such as aluminium, zinc etc.) and magnetic material that he meets service behaviour can be used to carry out the processing of stealth structure.
2.2 by business electromagnetic software when structural parameters and material parameter optimization are carried out, and we first enter to metal shell
Row analysis, is primarily due to structure much smaller than wavelength, metal shell can be approximately a magnetic dipole, fixed outer radius R2=
We can calculate its equivalent magnetic polarizability real part of different metal thickness of the shell and imaginary part such as Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) in the case of 2cm
It is shown.The size of real part and imaginary part is expressed as the size of the response of its inductance and loss.Here we can see that shell thickness is got over
Can there is response in lower frequency in thickness, metal shell.Here metal-back has played " repulsion magnetic field ", similarly we
Conductivity metal can be obtained higher, metal-back outer radius R2It is bigger, shell thickness (R2-R1) thicker, diamagnetic energy of metal shell
Power is also bigger, can be effective in lower frequency.Here we take R1=1cm, R2=2cm, now by Fig. 2 (a) and 2
B (), we can be found that the electromagnetic wave for 10KHz or so and the above, and metal shell levels off to shielding electromagnetic waves effect
Perfection, and loss very little.Magnetic shell likewise, dynamic permeadility is bigger, shell thickness (R3-R2) thicker, the ability in " attraction magnetic field "
It is stronger, and now magnetic shell has the good linearity due to its dynamic permeadility, thus " attraction magnetic field " ability with frequency
Keep constant.In order to obtain broader concealed device bandwidth of operation, we can increase the thickness of metal shell and outer during optimization
Footpath size, coordinates the thickness and magnetic conductivity for increasing magnetic shell, makes it in more low-frequency response, extends bandwidth of operation.And in order to
Some application scenarios mitigate the quality of concealed device while special frequency channel obtains stealth effect, and we can reduce outside metal
The thickness of shell and the thickness of magnetic shell are realized with adjustment magnetic conductivity.
Embodiment 1
The stealthy effect of low frequency three-dimensional broadband room temperature magnetic based on metal and magnetic material composite construction.
Based on above-mentioned method for designing, we devise a three-dimensional stealth structure for being operated in 6KHz to 250KHz and (receive
It is limited to test condition), and carried out the emulation and experimental verification of correlation.
We devise R1=1cm, R2=2cm, R3The composite structure of=3cm, as shown in Figure 1.Metal material is copper, magnetic
Property permeability be 1.62.The relative intensity that Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) are respectively along z-axis at the 5mm of corresponding construction surface becomes
The numerical result and experimental measurements of change, Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) are respectively the numerical result of relative phase change
And experimental measurements.We can be found that metal material has repulsive interaction to magnetic field, and as frequency becomes big, repelling effect becomes
Weak and loss (phase size) becomes big.Magnetic material has sucking action to magnetic field, and in low frequency quasistatic, to externally-applied magnetic field
Response keeps constant.If it is have good stealth effect to define the Strength Changes within 0.5%, and does not consider small phase
Change, the concealed device experimental verification that we design can be operated in 6KHz to 250KHz, can be protected in the property of magnetic material
In the case of card, bandwidth of operation can further increase.Fig. 5 be different frequency electromagnetic wave incident when along z-axis apart from stealth structure
The numerical result of the relative intensity change at the different height of surface, further demonstrates the hidden of the composite construction that we design
Body effect.When Fig. 6 (a), 6 (b) are respectively uniform magnetic field irradiation with 6 (c), numerical value meter under 100Hz, 7.5KHz and 237KHz situation
The magnetic field distribution of calculation.It can be seen that during 100Hz, magnetic field penetration enters inside metal-back, and there is distortion in external magnetic field, hidden
Body effect on driving birds is not good.And in the working frequency range of 7.5KHz and 237KHz, design device has good stealthy effect excessively.Fig. 7 (a) and
When 7 (b) is 25KHz, respectively along z-axis apart from stealth structure, metal-back, the phase intensity at the 5mm of magnetic crust surface along x-axis becomes
The numerical computations and experimental measurements of change.It can be found that for concealed device, the relative intensity of experiment test changes at us
In the range of measurement error (0.3%), there is good stealth effect.
Fig. 8 is showing of separately detecting of metal and simple metal ball using commercial metal detectors to being wrapped up using stealth structure
It is intended to.Metal detector is operated in 25KHz, and for simple metal ball, the detection magnetic field of detector can be disturbed by metal ball, so that quilt
Detector receives signal alarm, and to the metal of concealed device parcel, detector is detected less than any change.By oscillography
Device, we can be obtained shown in signal intensity such as Fig. 9 (a) and 9 (b) inside detector.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for designing of the stealthy cover of broadband magnetic, the specific structure based on metal and magnetic material realizes three-dimensional broadband magnetic
Stealth effect, its feature comprises the following steps：
Step (1) based superconductive material and metal have certain similitude for electromagnetic shielding action, by based superconductive material
Invisible clothes under the magnetostatic field of material carry out the design of theory, determine the electromagnetic property parameters of material and the scope of initial values of structural parameters
To carry out follow-up optimization design；
Concealed device and required stealthy frequency range that step (2) is required for different size, thickness, magnetic to metal shell
The thickness and magnetic conductivity of shell optimizes design, at the same further using multilayer the mixing of metal and magnetic material knot
Structure；So as to obtain preferable stealth effect；
Step (3) chooses the magnetic material and metal material for meeting performance requirement, is then processed design, produces designed
Concealed device.
2. a kind of method for designing of the stealthy cover of broadband magnetic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (1),
When the composite construction of metal and magnetic material is designed to realize stealth effect, it is necessary first to metal-back and magnetic shell
Response to externally-applied magnetic field is analyzed, and under magnetostatic field, the distribution in magnetic field is expressed as the gradient of scalar magnetic potential, and scalar magnetic potential passes through
Laplace's equation is solved, i.e.,：
Wherein H is static magnetic field strength,It is scalar magnetic potential, μ is the magnetic conductivity in different medium；
The stealthing design of three-dimensional case is main in superconductor ball outer covering last layer specific thicknesses and the magnetic shell of magnetic conductivity；
Due to the presence of superconductor, externally-applied magnetic field can not enter inside superconductor, so digging out some air chambers in superconducting sphere
Room, then can wherein hide some metals and magnetic material without being detected by externally-applied magnetic field；
If air chamber is that spherical and radius is R in superconductor1, the outer radius of superconducting sphere is R2, the outer radius of magnetic crust is R3；
By equation (1) and (2), according to the general solution for obtaining the Laplace's equation under spherical coordinate system, i.e.,
It is wherein i=1,2,3 represent in air, magnetic material and superconduction respectively；Pn(cos θ) is the Legendre side of n-th order time
Journey, r is the radius of spherical coordinates, andWithIt is coefficient to be solved；
The magnetic permeability μ of magnetic material is calculated by a series of boundary conditionsFMRelation and structural parameters between, i.e.,
Although now design of the theoretical calculating just for superconductor in the case of magnetostatic field, in the case of low frequency,
I.e. quasistatic when carried out by formula 4 it is approximate；And in the case of using metal-back to be designed instead of superconductor, lead to
Formula 4 is crossed as initial value to optimize special frequency channel design, so that it is determined that the electromagnetic property parameters and structure in material are joined
Number.
3. a kind of method for designing of the stealthy cover of broadband magnetic as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that lead in described step (2)
Business electromagnetic software COMSOL is crossed further to optimize the electromagnetic property parameters of material and the initial value of structural parameters.
4. a kind of method for designing of the stealthy cover of broadband magnetic as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that choosing in described step (3)
Corresponding metal material and magnetic material is taken to process corresponding structure, it is specific as follows：When metal material is chosen, it is contemplated that
The electrical conductivity of metal have chosen copper to the penetration depth of electromagnetic wave, eddy-current loss and equivalent diamagnetic influence, metal material；
When magnetic material is selected, it is contemplated that nonlinear hysteresis curve, magnetic hystersis loss and the differential permeability in low frequency operation
The linearity, the selection processing mode that mixes with solvent parent of nickel-zinc ferrite powder.
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