CN106851554A - High accuracy interior WiFi alignment systems based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics - Google Patents
High accuracy interior WiFi alignment systems based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- H04W64/003—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management locating network equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
Abstract
The invention discloses the high accuracy interior WiFi alignment systems based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics, the system capital equipment has the wireless aps of operation CSI signal characteristic capture programs and the location-server of operation location algorithm to be constituted, relevant information is sent to location-server can be extracted the CSI characteristic informations between far-end wireless device in wireless communication procedure and this AP wireless channels on the basis of possessing common wireless aps by the wireless aps module by Fast Ethernet；Location-server runs location algorithm, and CSI characteristic informations are converted into the positional information of mobile device to be positioned.By extracting in its communication process in channel condition information, the phasing characteristics of channel condition information between the subcarrier based on each OFDM carry out the high-precision indoor orientation problem in real time under indoor conditions to the present invention, meet actual operation requirements.
Description
Technical field
High accuracy interior WiFi alignment systems the present invention relates to be based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics, category
In indoor navigation, article positioning and VR glasses tracking techniques field.
Background technology
(1)OFDM:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM is a kind of
More popular wireless communication technology, is widely used in the communication process of the mobile devices such as PC, mobile phone；(2) channel condition information：
Channel State Information,CSI.Compared with signal receiving strength RSSI, more fine granularity portrays radio communication mistake to one kind
Cheng Zhong, the method for expressing of channel response feature.Time domain CIR (channel impulse response) and CFR (channel frequency response) is generally comprised,
Wherein CFR includes amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic again.
Orientation problem can be divided into outdoor positioning and indoor positioning according to orientation range, and outdoor positioning system is typically based on satellite
Realize such as gps system, BEI-DOU position system etc..The application scenarios of indoor positioning in building, such as market, office, family
Interior etc., the signal such as outdoor positioning device such as GPS traditional under bad border herein cannot be penetrated, then lose positioning function.In this feelings
Under condition, some solutions are occurred in that, (bluetooth alignment system, application number are such as positioned based on blue-tooth device：
201410335428.1, sub-meter grade bluetooth alignment system, application number：201520274456.7) etc., the positioning based on Zigbee
(parking stall localization method, system and Zigbee module, application number：201310170194.5, the personnel in the pit's positioning based on ZigBee
Method, application number：201210220512.X) etc..
Indoor orientation method can be divided into 1. being 2. based on based on signal intensity propagation attenuation model according to positioning principle to be believed
Number reach time delay 3. based on indoor signal fingerprint characteristic etc..(1) refer to due to wireless signal based on signal propagation model
Propagating indoors will experience attenuation process, general to decay according to index characteristic according to propagation distance, and signal is received by measuring
Intensity come it is counter push away signal propagation distance so as to realize positioning (be based on the indoor orientation method of classification thresholds and signal intensity weight,
A kind of underground personnel positioning method based on Wi-Fi signal strength, application number：201210474698.1, based on radio frequency reception letter
The dynamic positioning method of vehicle, application number in the tunnel of number intensity level：201210366475.3) etc..Such localization method
Defect mainly has：(1) the propagation attenuation model that signal is propagated indoors is due to multipath, reflection in antenna polarization and communication process
And the influence of diffraction is typically complex, and lack uniformity in all directions, and do not united for different positioning regions
One analytical expression；(2) propagation model set up very easily is subject to indoor object, such as furniture, the movement of window object
Influence, it is necessary to be corrected in time, can not otherwise be positioned；(3) it not is direct reaction that received signal strength RSSI is
The numerical value of received signal power, and the influence of antenna polarization characteristics and indoor environment is highly prone to, even if in static indoor ring
The RSSI of certain position can not remain a constant under border.Therefore accurate positioning is carried out based on received signal strength attenuation model
Degree is not high.(2) method for reaching time delay (Time of Arrival, TOA) based on signal is using evaluating wireless signal
The time required to being propagated in space indoors, so that counter push away transmitter to the method for distance between receiver, it is typically based on three sides and determines
Position method obtains being positioned the locus of object.(personnel's Precise Position System and its localization method based on TOA range findings, Shen
Please number：201210036395.1, the TOA methods of estimation and circuit assembly of a kind of ultra wide band positioning, application number：
201310065362.4).The major defect of such localization method has：(1) due to based on propagation time delay, it is desirable to use and set
There must be the high synchronousness of precision (2) very high to the ADC and the resolution ratio of DAC in equipment and required precision between standby
(3) it is difficult to differentiate directapath under multipath conditions indoors, causes positioning to fail.(3) determining based on indoor signal fingerprint characteristic
Position method.This method is collected by by the wireless signal information of diverse location such as RSSI or CSI etc., and opsition dependent enters
Rower is noted, the anti-method for releasing present position of signal characteristic gathered during further according to positioning.(location fingerprint localization method and fixed
Position system, application number：201210362038.4, the finger print information collection method and system of indoor positioning fingerprint base, application number：
201210223335.0).The major defect of such method has：(1) fingerprint construction step is relatively complicated, it is necessary to personnel are in residing area
Domain carries out the received signals fingerprint that signal acquisition (2) gathered with blanket type easily to be influenceed by weather, temperature and background environment, causes fixed
Wireless signal distribution is simultaneously discontinuous in position failure (3) indoor environment, and causing can be accurate in A points or B point locations, but cannot position
Position between AB.
In sum, (1) GPS positioning system cannot penetrate thicker wall due to satellite-signal, be allowed to that room cannot be realized
Interior positioning；(2) the mobile base station setting accuracy based on GSM/GPRS is not high, and is vulnerable to mobile communication carrier's restriction；(3)
Based on bluetooth, the alignment system of the signal such as Zigbee needs to purchase special equipment, and localization method is based on received signal strength
RSSI, precision is not high；(4) WiFi signal localization method is commonly based on, though it is generally also based on reception without special equipment
Signal intensity RSSI, limited precision；(5) the related system positioned based on channel condition information during WiFi communication, base
In be CSI in amplitude characteristic, and depend on estimation WiFi signal propagation attenuation model, this model by indoor environment influenceed compared with
Greatly, it is necessary to correct, and precision is not high.
The content of the invention
The present invention is exactly in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics
High accuracy interior WiFi alignment systems, based on common WiFi equipment by extracting in its communication process in channel condition information,
The phasing characteristics of channel condition information between the subcarrier based on each OFDM, obtain by signal propagation distance institute
The time delay for causing, so as to calculate receiver to the distance of each transmitting antenna, is carried out high-precision indoor real under indoor conditions
When orientation problem, meet actual operation requirements.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
High accuracy interior WiFi alignment systems based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics, the system mainly sets
The location-server of the wireless aps and operation location algorithm that have operation CSI signal characteristic capture programs is constituted, wherein, institute
State wireless aps module on the basis of possessing common wireless aps can by far-end wireless device in wireless communication procedure and this AP without
The CSI characteristic informations of line interchannel are extracted, and relevant information is sent into the location-server by Fast Ethernet；
The location-server runs location algorithm, and CSI characteristic informations are converted into the positional information of mobile device to be positioned.
As the improvement of above-mentioned technical proposal, the high accuracy room based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics
The use flow of interior WiFi alignment systems includes：Dispose above-mentioned wireless aps under environment indoors first and to install antenna (described
Antenna includes antenna 1, antenna 2 and antenna 3), the position of the antenna 1, antenna 2 and antenna 3 should not on the same space straight line,
Secondly, antenna coordinate position in space is measured using laser measuring apparatus, and is input in alignment system, as anchor point
Use；Then, Wireless Telecom Equipment (such as mobile phone) is connected to the SSID of the wireless aps, and carries out random wireless WiFi and led to
Letter, the wireless aps can send the channel condition information CSI in communication process on the basis of completion communicates with wireless device
To the location-server, the location-server is based on the position that location algorithm calculates wireless mobile apparatus to be positioned in real time
Put.
Used as the improvement of above-mentioned technical proposal, the handling process of the location algorithm includes：Location-server described first
The packet comprising channel condition information for being received is detected after operation, channel condition information is carried out after data are effective
Separate, respectively obtain the amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic of channel condition information, be subsequently based on resulting phase-frequency characteristic, be based on
MIMO technology feature during WiFi communication (802.11n), the phase-frequency characteristic of the channel characteristics of its carrier wave should increase with frequency
Linear downward trend is presented, -2 π Δ τ f are may be expressed as；
In formula：Δ τ _ _ it is due to distance；
Carrier shift (Carrier frequency offset, CFO) and sampling frequency deviation (Sampling
Frequency offset, SFO) caused by, Δ τ=d/C+ Δs τ can be expressed asCFO+ΔτSFOIt is (specific such as Figure of description
Shown in 3-1)；
Wherein, because the characteristic after 2 π occurring " reentry phenomenon ", therefore it is corrected, obtains phase-frequency characteristic
(as shown in Figure of description 3-2)；
Then, once linear fitting is carried out to the characteristic, the slope for being changed, the slope and wireless mobile apparatus and AP
Between signal propagate delay direct proportionality；
Wherein, in above-mentioned delay comprising the signal propagation delays d/C caused due to distance, but it is most postpone be due to
Send-receive signalling arrangement is asynchronous and delay Δ τ of hardware handlesCFO+ΔτSFO。
As the improvement of above-mentioned technical proposal, for the wireless network card used in AP, there is multigroup delay information { Δ τ1,Δ
τ2,L,Δτn, take Δ τ0=min { Δ τ1,Δτ2,L,Δτn, due to for same wireless network interface card, its many transmittings of antenna-
Reception signalling arrangement is asynchronous and hardware handles postpone Δ τCFO+ΔτSFOIt is identical, therefore can be offset.Calculate
Difference { Δ τ of the mobile wireless device to the time delay of multiple antennas1-Δτ0,Δτ2-Δτ0,L,Δτn-Δτ0, so that correspondence
Distance difference be { d1/C-d0/C,d2/C-d0/C,L,dn/C-d0/C}；Due to that above-mentioned value can be transformed into position coordinates, obtain
Unknown quantity (x, y, z) and d on position undetermined0Equation group, solve equation group and just can obtain coordinate to be positioned, due to can
Row solution has 2 groups, and excluding impossible 1 group of solution again according to amplitude versus frequency characte obtains last solution.
Compared with prior art, implementation result of the invention is as follows for the present invention：
In positioning principle good application of the present invention MIMO communication process, sub-carrier channels phase characteristic, and provide the phase
The position characteristic and relation between propagation distance, system delay, and the redundancy elimination based on multiple antennas due to carrier shift with
And the system delay caused by sampling frequency deviation, so as to obtain TDOA (reaching time-difference) information for positioning, and finally
Realize positioning.Its advantage is：(1) compared with the receiving intensity that wireless signal propagation model positioning mode is used, the method is used
Phase property in communication process, not by the interference such as background environment, multipath effect, precision is higher, stable performance for this feature；(2)
Compared with common arrival time (TOA) or reaching time-difference (TDOA) method, this method takes full advantage of WiFi communication process
In sub-carrier channels phase distribution characteristic, without send-receive side enter row clock it is synchronous, also without high-precision ADC
Or DAC, and this method can be based on the carrier shift and sampling frequency of the multi-antenna technology effectively removal due to hardware of MIMO
The time delay that rate skew causes, so as to obtain only being positioned with the reaching time-difference (TDOA) of distance dependent；(3) based on fingerprint
The localization method matched somebody with somebody is compared, and the fingerprint that this method need not carry out indoor radio signal builds, so as to certainly solve based on fingerprint location
The shortcoming that method is easily disturbed by environmental factor or time factor, locating speed is fast, and deployment is simple.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 uses schematic flow sheet for present system；
Fig. 2 is location algorithm handling process schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3-1 is phase-frequency characteristic figure, Fig. 3-2 for phase-frequency characteristic is occurring " reentry phenomenon " figure after 2 π.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate present disclosure below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, it is the high accuracy room based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics of the present invention
Interior WiFi alignment systems, the wireless aps and operation positioning that the system capital equipment has operation CSI signal characteristic capture programs are calculated
The location-server of method is constituted, wherein, the wireless aps module can be by channel radio on the basis of possessing common wireless aps
CSI characteristic informations during letter between far-end wireless device and this AP wireless channels are extracted, and will by Fast Ethernet
Relevant information is sent to the location-server；The location-server runs location algorithm, CSI characteristic informations is converted into and is treated
Position the positional information of mobile device.
First, the use flow of the system includes：Dispose above-mentioned wireless aps under environment indoors first and install antenna
(antenna includes antenna 1, antenna 2 and antenna 3), the position of antenna 1, antenna 2 and antenna 3 should not be on the same space straight line, its
It is secondary, antenna coordinate position in space is measured using laser measuring apparatus, and be input in alignment system, make as anchor point
With；Then, Wireless Telecom Equipment (such as mobile phone) is connected to the SSID of the wireless aps, and carries out random wireless WiFi and led to
Channel condition information CSI in communication process can be sent to institute by letter, wireless aps on the basis of completion communicates with wireless device
Location-server is stated, location-server is based on the position that location algorithm calculates wireless mobile apparatus to be positioned in real time.
Second, the handling process of location algorithm includes：First to being received comprising channel shape after location-server operation
The packet of state information detected, channel condition information is separated after data is effective, respectively obtains channel condition information
Amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic, resulting phase-frequency characteristic is subsequently based on, during WiFi communication (802.11n)
MIMO technology feature, the phase-frequency characteristic of the channel characteristics of its carrier wave should be presented linear downward trend with frequency increase, can be expressed
It is -2 π Δ τ f；
In formula：Δ τ _ _ it is due to distance；
Carrier shift (Carrier frequency offset, CFO) and sampling frequency deviation (Sampling
Frequency offset, SFO) caused by, Δ τ=d/C+ Δs τ can be expressed asCFO+ΔτSFOIt is (specific such as Figure of description
Shown in 3-1)；
Wherein, because the characteristic after 2 π occurring " reentry phenomenon ", therefore it is corrected, obtains phase-frequency characteristic
(as shown in Figure of description 3-2)；
Then, once linear fitting is carried out to the characteristic, the slope for being changed, the slope and wireless mobile apparatus and AP
Between signal propagate delay direct proportionality；
Wherein, in above-mentioned delay comprising the signal propagation delays d/C caused due to distance, but it is most postpone be due to
Send-receive signalling arrangement is asynchronous and delay Δ τ of hardware handlesCFO+ΔτSFO。
Additionally, for the wireless network card used in AP, there is multigroup delay information { Δ τ1-Δτ0,Δτ2-Δτ0,L,Δτn-
Δτ0, take Δ τ0=min { Δ τ1,Δτ2,L,Δτn, due to for same wireless network interface card, its many send-receives of antenna
Signalling arrangement is asynchronous and hardware handles postpone Δ τCFO+ΔτSFOIt is identical, therefore can be offset.Calculate movement
Difference { Δ τ of the wireless device to the time delay of each antenna1-Δτ0,Δτ2-Δτ0,L,Δτn-Δτ0, so that it is corresponding away from
It is { d from its difference1/C-d0/C,d2/C-d0/C,L,dn/C-d0/C}；Due to that above-mentioned value can be transformed into position coordinates, obtain on
The unknown quantity (x, y, z) and d of position undetermined0Equation group, solve equation group just can obtain coordinate to be positioned, due to feasible solution
There are 2 groups, excluding impossible 1 group of solution again according to amplitude versus frequency characte obtains last solution.
Operation principle：In positioning principle good application of the present invention MIMO communication process, sub-carrier channels phase characteristic, and
The relation between the phase characteristic and propagation distance, system delay, and the redundancy elimination based on multiple antennas are given due to carrying
System delay caused by frequency deviation shifting and sampling frequency deviation, so as to obtain TDOA (reaching time-difference) letters for positioning
Breath, and finally realize positioning.
Its advantage is：Compared with the receiving intensity that wireless signal propagation model positioning mode is used, the method is using propagation
During phase property, by the interference such as background environment, multipath effect, precision is higher, stable performance for this feature；With it is common
Arrival time (TOA) or reaching time-difference (TDOA) method are compared, and this method takes full advantage of the son load during WiFi communication
The phase distribution characteristic of ripple channel, without send-receive side enter row clock it is synchronous, also without high-precision ADC or DAC, and
And this method can be based on the multi-antenna technology effectively removal of MIMO because the carrier shift and sampling frequency deviation of hardware are drawn
The time delay for rising, so as to obtain only being positioned with the reaching time-difference (TDOA) of distance dependent；Positioning side based on fingerprint matching
Method is compared, and the fingerprint that this method need not carry out indoor radio signal builds, so as to certainly solved easily receive ring based on fingerprint positioning method
Border factor or the shortcoming of time factor interference, locating speed is fast, and deployment is simple.
Above content is detailed description made for the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is impossible to assert that the present invention is specific real
Apply and be only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art, before present inventive concept is not departed from
Put, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. the high accuracy interior WiFi alignment systems of OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics are based on, it is characterised in that：Should
System capital equipment has the wireless aps of operation CSI signal characteristic capture programs and the location-server institute structure of operation location algorithm
Into, wherein, the wireless aps module can wirelessly set distal end in wireless communication procedure on the basis of possessing common wireless aps
It is standby to be extracted with the CSI characteristic informations between this AP wireless channels, and be sent to relevant information by Fast Ethernet described
Location-server；The location-server runs location algorithm, and CSI characteristic informations are converted into the position of mobile device to be positioned
Information.
2. the high accuracy interior WiFi positioning based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics is according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The high accuracy interior WiFi alignment systems based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics
Included using flow：Dispose above-mentioned wireless aps under environment indoors first and install antenna (antenna include antenna 1, day
Line 2 and antenna 3), secondly the position of the antenna 1, antenna 2 and antenna 3, should not use Laser Measuring on the same space straight line
Amount instrument measures antenna coordinate position in space, and is input in alignment system, is used as anchor point；Then, by nothing
Line communication equipment (such as mobile phone) is connected to the SSID of the wireless aps, and carries out random wireless WiFi communication, the wireless aps
The channel condition information CSI in communication process can be sent to the positioning service on the basis of completion communicates with wireless device
Device, the location-server is based on the position that location algorithm calculates wireless mobile apparatus to be positioned in real time.
3. the high accuracy interior WiFi positioning based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics is according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The handling process of the location algorithm includes：Bag after location-server operation described first to being received
Packet containing channel condition information detected, channel condition information is separated after data is effective, respectively obtains channel
The amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic of status information, are subsequently based on resulting phase-frequency characteristic, based on WiFi communication (802.11n) mistake
MIMO technology feature in journey, the phase-frequency characteristic of the channel characteristics of its carrier wave should be presented linear downward trend with frequency increase, can
It is represented as -2 π Δ τ f；
In formula：Δ τ _ it is due to distance；
Carrier shift (Carrier frequency offset, CFO) and sampling frequency deviation (Sampling frequency
Offset, SFO) caused by, Δ τ=d/C+ Δs τ can be expressed asCFO+ΔτSFO(specific book accompanying drawing (3-1) institute as illustrated
Show)；
Wherein, because the characteristic after 2 π occurring " reentry phenomenon ", therefore it is corrected, obtains phase-frequency characteristic as said
Shown in bright book accompanying drawing (3-2)；
Then, once linear fitting is carried out to the characteristic, the slope for being changed is believed between the slope and wireless mobile apparatus and AP
Number propagate delay direct proportionality；
Wherein, comprising the signal propagation delays d/C caused due to distance in above-mentioned delay, but most delays are due to hair
Penetrate-receive that signalling arrangement is asynchronous and delay Δ τ of hardware handlesCFO+ΔτSFO。
4. the high accuracy interior WiFi based on OFDM channel condition information phasing characteristics is positioned according to claim 1-3
System, it is characterised in that：For the wireless network card used in AP, there is multigroup delay information { Δ τ1,Δτ2,Δτ3, take Δ τ0=
min{Δτ1,Δτ2,Δτ3, due to for same wireless network interface card, the send-receive signalling arrangement of its three antennas it is asynchronous with
And hardware handles postpone Δ τCFO+ΔτSFOIt is identical, therefore can be offset.Calculate mobile wireless device to three days
Difference { the Δ τ of the time delay of line1-Δτ0,Δτ2-Δτ0,L,Δτn-Δτ0, so that it is corresponding apart from its difference be { d1/C-d0/
C,d2/C-d0/C,L,dn/C-d0/C}；Due to that above-mentioned value can be transformed into position coordinates, so as to obtain on position undetermined not
The amount of knowing (x, y, z) and d0Equation group, solve equation group and just can obtain coordinate to be positioned, because feasible solution has 2 groups, root again
Impossible 1 group of solution is excluded according to amplitude versus frequency characte obtain last solution.
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| CN108882151A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-23 | 上海大学 | Indoor orientation method based on CSI information areaization mark |
| CN109218978A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-15 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | A kind of localization method and device |
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