CN106847464B - The forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device and method of a kind of pressure differential - Google Patents
The forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device and method of a kind of pressure differential Download PDFInfo
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- CN106847464B CN106847464B CN201611264546.3A CN201611264546A CN106847464B CN 106847464 B CN106847464 B CN 106847464B CN 201611264546 A CN201611264546 A CN 201611264546A CN 106847464 B CN106847464 B CN 106847464B
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- current limiter
- cryogenic liquid
- forced convertion
- soaking compartment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential, including cryogenic liquid soaking compartment and the superconductive current limiter that is immersed in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, further include：Low temperature conduction pipe, is arranged in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, and multiple deflector holes towards the superconductive current limiter surface are offered on tube body；Low-pressure balance tank, connected by regulating valve with the low temperature conduction pipe, for the opening regulating valve when current limiter loses superconductivity so that the liquid nitrogen in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment enters the low-pressure balance tank by low temperature conduction pipe, the superconductive current limiter surface near deflector hole is set to produce forced convertion；Cryogenic pump, for by cryogenic liquid soaking compartment described in the subcooled liquid blowback in the low-pressure balance tank；The invention also discloses a kind of forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling means of pressure differential；Apparatus and method of the present invention can greatly improve the heat-transfer character of superconducting current-limiting cell surface, accelerate the cooling procedure again of superconducting current-limiting unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-temperature superconductor cooling technology field, and in particular to a kind of forced convertion high-temperature superconductor of pressure differential
Cooling device and method.
Background technology
Continuous improvement with people to the growing of electricity needs and to power supply quality requirement, the scale of transmission and distribution network
Gradually expand, also make it that the short-circuit impedance of power grid is less and less while grid power transmission efficiency is improved, short circuit current flow drastically increases
Greatly.Short circuit current flow problems of too is solved in equipment, by using be high-impedance transformer or current-limiting reactor, but these set
Standby use adds transmission losses, reduces the voltage regulation capability of power grid.Increase grid loss and power grid construction at the same time
Cost.Existing research with practice have shown that, be difficult to realize preferable current limiter based on traditional material and technology.And utilize superconduction skill
The current limiter that art makes can break the predicament that conventional flow restrictor faces, and improve the efficiency and feasibility of current limiter.Superconductor
Two peculiar properties not having with other materials, i.e. zero resistance nature and perfect diamganetism, make it possible to produce reason
The fault current limiting device thought, i.e. superconductive current limiter.
With the appearance of high temperature superconducting materia, the application of superconductor technology rises to the temperature of liquid nitrogen from original liquid helium region
Area.One of research hotspot as high-temperature superconductor, in high-temperature superconductor supercooled liquid nitrogen studies have become high temperature superconductor technology
One important research direction.The operating temperature of high temperature superconducting materia must be maintained under certain low temperature environment, such superconduction material
Material can just embody the property of uniqueness, so the low-temperature cooling system of high temperature superconducting materia is very crucial.But it can obtain
Enough low temperature environment and there are enough cryogenic refrigeration amounts under the low temperature environment, for balancing conduction and radiation due to system
Leakage heat and high temperature superconducting materia due to operation produce A.C.power loss, be related to high temperature superconducting materia can normal table fortune
Row and work.
At present, the low temperature environment of superconducting magnet system operation is mainly provided by 3 kinds of modes, is that cryogenic liquid immersion is cold respectively
But, condensing cooling and refrigeration machine conduction cooling again.The simple temperature stability of cooling structure is good shakes without machinery for cryogenic liquid immersion
It is dynamic, but liquid-consumed amount is big；The condensing cooling liquid-consumed amount of zero evaporation profiles is small again, and magnet is from mechanical oscillation, but structure
It is complicated of high cost；Refrigeration machine conduction cooling structure is simply conveyed without cryogenic liquid to be supplemented, but cooling uniformity difference pre-coo time is grown
And with refrigeration machine vibration.
Research for liquid nitrogen cooling high-temperature superconducting material is increasingly ripe.It is and cold again after being quenched on superconductor
But the tediously long problem of process time, does not find good solution so far.When electric system is broken down, superconductive current limiter
Ideal operation state changes, and loses its superconductivity, that is, resistance is presented.When electric current is by superconductive current limiter, meeting is in its table
Face produces the Joule heat of flood tide, and heat transfer makes liquid nitrogen acutely gasify into liquid nitrogen, and the bubble of formation has a big chunk to cover
Cover and increased dramatically in the surface of superconductive current limiter, heat dissipation thermal resistance, delayed the cooling procedure again of superconductive current limiter.
The low-temperature cooling system of traditional superconductive current limiter is as shown in Figure 1, its structure is relatively easy, including liquid nitrogen tank 1, superconduction
Current limiter 2, automatic open and close valve 3 and nitrogen buffer tank 4.Superconductive current limiter 2 is completely submerged in the liquid nitrogen of liquid nitrogen tank 1, liquid nitrogen tank 1
Top low-pressure nitrogen area is connected with nitrogen buffer tank 4, and the company of liquid nitrogen tank 1 and nitrogen buffer tank 4 is controlled by automatic open and close valve 3
Logical state.
When short trouble occurs for equipment, superconductive current limiter 2 quenches, and automatic open and close valve 3 is opened rapidly, 2 table of superconductive current limiter
The bubble part that face produces rises to top nitrogen low-pressure area, and nitrogen buffer tank 4 is entered under pressure differential, and is attached to super
The bubble for leading 2 surface of current limiter can only be by naturally draining, and liquid nitrogen could flow back to liquid nitrogen tank 1 again and be cooled to afterwards, cause
2 rewarming of superconductive current limiter restarts serious hysteresis.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential, can solve superconductive current limiter mistake
The quick of super moment high heat capacity superconductor cools down problem again.
A kind of forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential, including cryogenic liquid soaking compartment and it is immersed in institute
The superconductive current limiter in cryogenic liquid soaking compartment is stated, is further included：
Low temperature conduction pipe, is arranged in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, is offered on tube body multiple towards the superconduction
The deflector hole on current limiter surface；
Low-pressure balance tank, internal pressure are less than the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, pass through regulating valve and the low temperature diversion pipe
Road connects, for opening regulating valve when current limiter loses superconductivity so that the cryogenic liquid in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment leads to
Cross low temperature conduction pipe and enter the low-pressure balance tank, the superconductive current limiter surface near deflector hole is produced forced convertion；
Cryogenic pump, for by cryogenic liquid soaking compartment described in the subcooled liquid blowback in the low-pressure balance tank.
Forced convertion of the invention by being formed on superconductive current limiter surface, greatly improves current limiter surface heat transfer characteristic,
So as to fulfill the fast cooling on current limiter surface.
The present invention, which combines, uses efficient adiabatic method, such as accumulates adiabatic, vacuum-powders insulation or high vacuum multiple layer heat insulation,
To reach good heat-insulating property.
Apparatus of the present invention are suitable for the cooling system of cryogenic liquid immersion type, it is preferred that in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment
Cryogenic liquid be liquid nitrogen, liquid helium or liquid neon.
Below to be illustrated using liquid nitrogen, cryogenic liquid soaking compartment is liquid nitrogen tank.There are two kinds for the low-pressure balance tank
Arrangement form：When low-pressure balance tank and liquid nitrogen tank are arranged in parallel, low-pressure balance pressure inside the tank is far below the pressure in liquid nitrogen tank；When
Low-pressure balance tank is located at the bottom position of liquid nitrogen tank, can be provided necessarily by top potential energy by the top potential energy of liquid nitrogen tank
Pressure difference.
In order to preferably break up bubble layer, it is preferred that the low temperature conduction pipe passes through the superconductive current limiter
Central area.
In order to preferably break up bubble layer, it is preferred that pipe of the low temperature conduction pipe close to the superconductive current limiter
Road region is uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction the deflector hole.All bubble layers in superconductive current limiter surface are made to be subject to forced convertion
Disturbance.
For the arrangement mode of deflector hole there are single arrangement and arranged in rows, the shape of deflector hole can be circular, ellipse
Or the multi-form such as rectangle.
In order to preferably break up bubble layer, it is preferred that the superconductive current limiter is plate-like, and setting has multiple and separation row
Cloth.
There are certain angle θ for the guiding position of deflector hole.It is low when deflector hole and low temperature conduction pipe are arranged vertically θ=90 °
The horizontal superconductive current limiter surface of plunderring of geothermal liquid enters deflector hole；When deflector hole is angularly offset 0 90 ° of ＜ θ ＜, superconductive current limiter table
Acute variation, the bubble layer of acceleraton disturbance wall occur for the velocity field in face.Preferably, the deflector hole is beveling hole, relatively
The angle of inclination of the low temperature conduction pipe axis is 30 °~60 °.
Preferably, the regulating valve uses automatic open and close valve.Quick response automatic open and close valve is selected, accurately and timely is changed
Become the connected state of cryogenic liquid soaking compartment and low-pressure balance tank.
In order to make convection current evenly, response speed is faster, it is preferred that the both ends of the low temperature conduction pipe are connected to same
Pipeline, the regulating valve is provided with the pipeline and is connected to the inlet of low-pressure balance tank.
Present invention also offers a kind of forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling means of pressure differential, it is characterised in that uses
The forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of above-mentioned pressure differential, comprises the following steps：
(1) when short trouble occurs, the superconductive current limiter loses its superconductivity, and the surface of the superconductive current limiter makes
Cryogenic liquid gasifies, and the bubble part of formation rises to cryogenic liquid soaking compartment upper space and forms high pressure gas area, and one
Part bubble is covered in the surface of superconductive current limiter, opens the regulating valve；
(2) under the driving of pressure difference, cryogenic liquid leads to the cryogenic liquid in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment by deflector hole
Cross low temperature conduction pipe and enter low-pressure balance tank；At the deflector hole, due to the diminution of sectional area, in superconduction under differential pressure action
Current limiter surface forms forced convertion, and the bubble layer on aggravation disturbance superconductive current limiter surface, accelerates coming off and rising to for bubble
The upper space of the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment；And the forced convertion produced by pressure difference, change superconducting current-limiting cell list surface current
The velocity field of body, accelerates the flow velocity of superconducting current-limiting cell surface fluid, greatly improves the heat-transfer character of superconducting current-limiting cell surface,
Accelerate the cooling procedure again of superconducting current-limiting unit.
(3) after the completion of the superconductive current limiter rewarming stage, cryogenic liquid in low-pressure balance tank is mended again using cryogenic pump
It is charged in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, realizes recycling for cryogenic liquid.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) present invention proposes new high-temperature superconductor cooling technology, innovatively proposes the forced convertion using pressure differential
Cooling technology, in short trouble, forced convertion, aggravation disturbance superconduction limit are produced on superconductive current limiter surface by differential pressure action
The bubble layer on device surface is flowed, accelerates coming off and discharging for bubble.
(2) present invention proposes new high-temperature superconductor cooling technology, and in short trouble, superconductive current limiter loses its superconductivity
Afterwards, the forced convertion produced by pressure difference, increases superconducting current-limiting cell surface fluid flow rate, greatly improves superconducting current-limiting cell list
The heat-transfer character in face, accelerates the cooling procedure again of superconducting current-limiting unit.
(3) present invention proposes new high-temperature superconductor cooling technology, and in short trouble, superconductive current limiter loses its superconductivity
Afterwards, cryogenic liquid in low-pressure balance tank is added in cryogenic liquid soaking compartment again by using cryogenic pump, realizes Low Temperature Liquid
The recycling of body.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the low-temperature cooling system of the superconductive current limiter of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of the pressure differential of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the partial structural diagram of superconductive current limiter.
Wherein：1st, liquid nitrogen tank, 2, superconductive current limiter, 3, automatic open and close valve, 4, nitrogen buffer tank, 5, low temperature conduction pipe,
6th, deflector hole, 7, low-pressure balance tank, 8, cryogenic pump.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is illustrated by taking liquid nitrogen as an example, as shown in Fig. 2, the forced convertion high temperature of the pressure differential of the present embodiment
Superconduction cooling device includes liquid nitrogen tank 1, superconductive current limiter 2, the low temperature conduction pipe 5 with deflector hole 6, automatic open and close valve 3, low
Press compensator 7 and cryogenic pump 8.
Superconductive current limiter 2 is totally submerged in the lower part liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen tank 1, and top is high pressure nitrogen area.Low temperature water conservancy diversion
Pipeline 5 passes through the central area of superconductive current limiter 2, and the conduit region being connected with superconductive current limiter 2 sets deflector hole 6, deflector hole 6
Equipped with multiple and be circumferentially uniformly distributed, deflector hole 6 is beveling hole, angle, θ=45 °, as shown in Figure 3.
Low temperature conduction pipe 5 connects liquid nitrogen tank 1 and low-pressure balance tank 7.Liquid nitrogen is controlled using quick response automatic open and close valve 3
The connected state of groove 1 and low-pressure balance tank 7.Pipeline all the way is bypassed between low-pressure balance tank 7 and liquid nitrogen tank 1, passes through cryogenic pump 8
Realize that the recycling of liquid nitrogen uses.
When superconductive current limiter 2 works normally, the automatic open and close valve 3 of control liquid nitrogen tank 1 and low-pressure balance tank 7, which is in, closes shape
State, the interior liquid nitrogen full of with equal state in liquid nitrogen tank 1 of low temperature conduction pipe 5, whole system are in the state of dynamic equilibrium.
When short trouble occurs, 2 ideal operation state of superconductive current limiter changes, and loses its superconductivity, that is, presents
Resistance.Then flood tide Joule heat is produced on the surface of superconductive current limiter 2, into liquid nitrogen, violent gas occurs heat transfer for liquid nitrogen
Change, a bubble part for formation rises to 1 upper space of liquid nitrogen tank and forms high pressure nitrogen area, and a part of bubble is covered in superconduction limit
The surface of device 2 is flowed, increased dramatically its thermal resistance that radiates.And liquid nitrogen tank 1 and the automatic open and close valve 3 of low-pressure balance tank 7 is controlled to utilize
Its fast response characteristic, switches to rapidly opening.
Liquid nitrogen is quickly formed since the bubble that gasification produces is into the upper space of liquid nitrogen tank 1 in 1 upper space of liquid nitrogen tank
High pressure nitrogen area, and the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen tank 1 and low-pressure balance tank 7 is there are certain pressure difference, in being total to for above-mentioned pressure difference
With under driving, the liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen tank 1 passes through deflector hole 6, divides both ends to export liquid nitrogen tank 1 by low temperature conduction pipe 5, final to converge
Enter low-pressure balance tank 7 after conjunction.And at deflector hole 6, due to the diminution of sectional area, in 2 table of superconductive current limiter under differential pressure action
Face forms forced convertion, the bubble layer on aggravation disturbance superconductive current limiter 2 surface, accelerates coming off and rising to liquid nitrogen tank 1 for bubble
Upper space.And the forced convertion produced by pressure difference, change the velocity field of superconducting current-limiting cell surface fluid, accelerate superconduction limit
The flow velocity of cell surface fluid is flowed, greatly improves the heat-transfer character of superconducting current-limiting cell surface, accelerates superconducting current-limiting unit again
Cooling procedure.
Due to the gasification of liquid nitrogen, a large amount of liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen tank 1 are consumed.After the completion of the 2 rewarming stage of superconductive current limiter,
Liquid nitrogen in low-pressure balance tank 7 is added in liquid nitrogen tank 1 again by using cryogenic pump 8, realizes recycling for liquid nitrogen.
In conclusion the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of the pressure differential of the present embodiment utilizes the strong of pressure differential
Convection current cooling technology processed, in short trouble, produces forced convertion, aggravation is disturbed by differential pressure action on 2 surface of superconductive current limiter
The bubble layer on dynamic 2 surface of superconductive current limiter, accelerates coming off and discharging for bubble；In short trouble, superconductive current limiter 2 loses
After its superconductivity, by the forced convertion of pressure difference generation, increase superconducting current-limiting cell surface fluid flow rate, greatly improve superconduction limit
The heat-transfer character on 2 surface of device is flowed, accelerates the cooling procedure again of superconductive current limiter 2；At the same time by using cryogenic pump 8 by low-pressure balance
Liquid nitrogen adds in liquid nitrogen tank 1 again in tank 7, realizes the recycling of liquid nitrogen.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential, including cryogenic liquid soaking compartment and it is immersed in described
Superconductive current limiter in cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, it is characterised in that further include：
Low temperature conduction pipe, is arranged in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, is offered on tube body multiple towards the superconducting current-limiting
The deflector hole on device surface；
Low-pressure balance tank, internal pressure are less than the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, are connected by regulating valve and the low temperature conduction pipe
It is logical, for open regulating valve when current limiter loses superconductivity so that the cryogenic liquid in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment pass through it is low
Warm conduction pipe enters the low-pressure balance tank, the superconductive current limiter surface near deflector hole is produced forced convertion；
Cryogenic pump, for by cryogenic liquid soaking compartment described in the subcooled liquid blowback in the low-pressure balance tank.
2. the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the low temperature
Cryogenic liquid in liquid soaking compartment is liquid nitrogen, liquid helium or liquid neon.
3. the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described is low
Warm conduction pipe passes through the central area of the superconductive current limiter.
4. the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described is low
Warm conduction pipe is uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction the deflector hole close to the conduit region of the superconductive current limiter.
5. the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described is super
It is plate-like to lead current limiter, and setting has multiple and spaced apart arrangement.
6. the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of the pressure differential as described in claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that described
Deflector hole be beveling hole, the angle of inclination of the relatively described low temperature conduction pipe axis is 30 °~60 °.
7. the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the tune
Section valve uses automatic open and close valve.
8. the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of pressure differential as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the low temperature
The both ends of conduction pipe are connected to same pipeline, be provided with the pipeline regulating valve and be connected to low-pressure balance tank into
Liquid mouth.
9. the forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling means of a kind of pressure differential, it is characterised in that using as in claim 1~8
The forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device of any pressure differential, comprises the following steps：
(1) when short trouble occurs, the superconductive current limiter loses its superconductivity, and the surface of the superconductive current limiter makes low temperature
Liquid gasifies, and a bubble part for formation rises to cryogenic liquid soaking compartment upper space and forms high pressure gas area, a part
Bubble is covered in the surface of superconductive current limiter, opens the regulating valve；
(2) under the driving of pressure difference, cryogenic liquid passes through low the cryogenic liquid in the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment by deflector hole
Warm conduction pipe enters low-pressure balance tank；At the deflector hole, due to the diminution of sectional area, in superconducting current-limiting under differential pressure action
Device surface forms forced convertion, the bubble layer on disturbance superconductive current limiter surface；
(3) after the completion of the superconductive current limiter rewarming stage, cryogenic liquid in low-pressure balance tank is added to again using cryogenic pump
In the cryogenic liquid soaking compartment, recycling for cryogenic liquid is realized.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611264546.3A CN106847464B (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | The forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device and method of a kind of pressure differential |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611264546.3A CN106847464B (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | The forced convertion high-temperature superconductor cooling device and method of a kind of pressure differential |
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| CN106847464B true CN106847464B (en) | 2018-05-15 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2007221931A (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-30 | Toshiba Corp | Superconducting current limiter |
| CN103548163B (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2016-01-20 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Fault current limiter |
| CN102496679A (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2012-06-13 | 上海交通大学 | Liquid nitrogen low-temperature system for superconducting current limiter |
| CN204030570U (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-12-17 | 广东电网公司电网规划研究中心 | A kind of saturable core type superconductive current limiter that utilizes nitrogen reinforced insulation performance |
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