CN106847149B - Tone mapping and displaying method for high dynamic contrast image - Google Patents

Tone mapping and displaying method for high dynamic contrast image Download PDF

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CN106847149B
CN106847149B CN201611244390.2A CN201611244390A CN106847149B CN 106847149 B CN106847149 B CN 106847149B CN 201611244390 A CN201611244390 A CN 201611244390A CN 106847149 B CN106847149 B CN 106847149B
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brightness
luminance
pixel
gradient
coordinates
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CN106847149A (en
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查国伟
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters

Abstract

The invention provides a tone mapping and displaying method of a high dynamic contrast image, which comprises the following steps: s101, acquiring the brightness corresponding to the maximum gray scale and the brightness corresponding to the minimum gray scale of the display; s102, acquiring brightness distribution of an input frame image and a pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness of the input frame image; s103, calculating brightness gradients of all pixels of the input frame image along a first direction and a second direction respectively; s104, compressing the brightness gradient by adopting a gradient compression function; s105, assigning the pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness as the brightness corresponding to the minimum gray scale, and reconstructing the whole frame image along the first direction and the second direction respectively; s106, obtaining the maximum brightness of the reconstructed whole frame image and calculating a proportionality coefficient; s107, the gradient compression function is corrected by adopting the proportionality coefficient, and the steps S104 and S105 are repeated once by using the corrected gradient compression function, and then output and display are carried out. The invention can obtain the detail of the local image with clear level.

Description

Tone mapping and displaying method for high dynamic contrast image
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of display control, and particularly relates to a tone mapping and displaying method of a high dynamic contrast image.
Background
The brightness range of the natural world is 1E-6 to 1.6E +9 nit, and the contrast is as high as 1015. The static contrast of the human eye ranges from 1000:1 to 15000:1, but by varying the size of the pupil to control the different luminous fluxes, the dynamic contrast of the human eye is as high as 1000000: 1. while the common display usually adopts 8-bit coding, the gray scale number variation range is 0-255, and the contrast is only about 1000, so that the phenomenon of serious contrast distortion can occur when displaying high dynamic contrast images, and the distortion phenomenon mainly shows the characteristics of detail loss, bright part overexposure or dark part underexposure and the like.
In conventional film imaging techniques, high contrast image details, i.e., underexposure and overexposure, are obtained by artificially lowering the exposure amount of the bright portion or increasing the exposure amount of the dark portion. With the development of CCD or CMOS detector technology, the contrast of some imaging devices reaches 30000: 1. However, the display with high dynamic contrast is not completely popular, so how to display the image with high dynamic contrast on the conventional display is very important.
Tone mapping applications arise corresponding to the problem of how to achieve high dynamic contrast images on conventional displays. However, tone mapping is still imperfect at dealing with local details using conventional global variable methods.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a tone mapping and displaying method for high dynamic contrast images, which is used to obtain well-defined local image details.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a tone mapping and displaying method for a high dynamic contrast image, including:
s101, acquiring the brightness corresponding to the maximum gray scale and the brightness corresponding to the minimum gray scale of the display;
s102, acquiring brightness distribution of an input frame image and a pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness of the input frame image;
s103, calculating brightness gradients of all pixels of the input frame image along a first direction and a second direction respectively;
s104, compressing the brightness gradient by adopting a gradient compression function;
s105, assigning the pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness as the brightness corresponding to the minimum gray scale, and reconstructing the whole frame of image by taking the pixel position as the center and the brightness gradient after the compression processing along the first direction and the second direction respectively;
s106, obtaining the maximum brightness of the reconstructed whole frame image, and calculating a proportionality coefficient by combining the brightness corresponding to the maximum gray scale of the display;
s107, correcting the gradient compression function by adopting the proportionality coefficient, repeating the steps S104 and S105 once by using the corrected gradient compression function, and outputting and displaying.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first direction and the second direction are set to be parallel to adjacent two sides of the display screen, respectively, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular and positive directions are horizontally to the right and vertically downward.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the gradient compression function is represented as:
f(x)=A*x1/B
wherein A is a real number, B is a positive integer, and x is a luminance gradient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, obtaining the maximum luminance of the reconstructed whole frame image, and calculating the scaling factor according to the luminance corresponding to the maximum gray scale of the display further includes calculating the scaling factor k according to the following formula:
k=Lmax/Lummax
wherein L ismaxIndicating the maximum gray-scale corresponding brightness, LummaxIndicating the maximum brightness of the entire frame of image.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, modifying the gradient compression function using the scaling factor further comprises:
f’(x)=k*f(x)
where f (x) represents a gradient compression function, and f' (x) represents a modified gradient compression function.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the luminance gradient is calculated for all pixels of the input frame image in the first and second directions, respectively, using the following equation:
D1’(m,n)={L(m+1,n)-L(m,n)}/L(m,n)
D2’(m,n)={L(m,n+1)-L(m,n)}/L(m,n)
where D1 '(m, n) represents a first-direction luminance gradient, D2' (m, n) represents a second-direction luminance gradient, L (m +1, n) represents luminance of a pixel corresponding to coordinates (m +1, n), L (m, n +1) represents luminance of a pixel corresponding to coordinates (m, n +1), and L (m, n) represents luminance of a pixel corresponding to coordinates (m, n).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reconstructing the entire frame image in the first direction and the second direction, respectively, further comprises:
acquiring brightness gradients of adjacent pixels of the current pixel along the positive direction corresponding to the first direction and the second direction;
and calculating the brightness of the current pixel according to the brightness and the brightness gradient of the adjacent pixels along the positive direction of the first direction and the positive direction of the second direction respectively.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the luminance of the current pixel is calculated according to the luminance and the luminance gradient of the neighboring pixels, and the luminance of the current pixel is calculated by using the following formula:
L(x,y)={L(x-1,y)(1+D1'(x-1,y))+L(x,y-1)(1+D2'(x,y-1))}/2
where L (x, y) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x, y), L (x-1, y) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x-1, y), L (x, y-1) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x, y-1), D1'(x-1, y) represents the luminance gradient between a pixel with coordinates (x, y) and a pixel with coordinates (x-1, y), and D2' (x, y-1) represents the luminance gradient between a pixel with coordinates (x, y) and a pixel with coordinates (x, y-1).
According to one embodiment of the invention, a searching method is adopted to obtain the pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, when a plurality of pixel positions corresponding to minimum luminance are included in the same input frame image, the pixel position corresponding to the first searched minimum luminance is taken.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention makes the maximum brightness of the reconstructed whole frame image correspond to the maximum gray scale of the display, so that the whole frame image has the maximum brightness coverage range, and further, the detail of the local image with clear hierarchy is obtained.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a first orientation and a second orientation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of processing luminance gradients using a gradient compression function according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a tone mapping and displaying method of a high dynamic contrast image, which optimizes the compression ratios of different brightness contrasts by utilizing the characteristic that a human visual system is more sensitive to the difference of local contrast compared with absolute brightness, and realizes the maintenance of the relative size of the local image contrast by sacrificing the distribution of absolute brightness values, thereby obtaining well-defined local image details.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention, which is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
First, in step S101, the maximum gray-scale corresponding brightness and the minimum gray-scale corresponding brightness of the display device are obtained.
Specifically, the display device has a fixed gray scale display range corresponding to each specific display device, including a maximum gray scale, a minimum gray scale, and each gray scale between the two gray scales, and also has a fixed brightness display range. Generally, the maximum gray scale of a display device corresponds to the maximum brightness of the display device, and the minimum gray scale corresponds to the minimum brightness of the display device. Based on the above setting, in the present invention, the maximum luminance L of the display device, which is the luminance corresponding to the maximum gray scale of the display device, is obtainedmaxMinimum gray scale corresponding brightness and minimum brightness L of the display devicemin
Next, in step S102, the luminance distribution of the input frame image and the pixel position corresponding to the minimum luminance thereof are acquired.
Specifically, for each input frame image, the gray scale and luminance information of each pixel position thereof may be acquired, so as to acquire luminance distribution information of the entire frame image, and the position of the minimum luminance pixel in the frame image may be acquired.
When the pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness in one frame of image is obtained, a search algorithm can be adopted. Specifically, the minimum brightness corresponding to the pixel of the current frame (0,0) is recorded in the initial process, and when a lower value is searched, the minimum brightness coordinate is updated to be the current value. When the whole frame image has a plurality of minimum brightness, only the first searched pixel coordinate is taken as the brightness minimum value coordinate (M, N).
Next, in step S103, luminance gradients are calculated in the first direction and the second direction for all pixels of the input frame image, respectively.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first direction and the second direction are parallel to two adjacent sides of the display screen, respectively, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular and the positive direction is horizontally to the right and vertically downward, as shown in fig. 2. The horizontal direction and the vertical direction herein are defined as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction with reference to the substrate facing direction. Of course, the first direction and the second direction may be designed in other directions as required.
Here, the directions shown in fig. 2 are taken as an example, and the first direction and the second direction are as indicated in the drawing, (M, N) represents the coordinate corresponding to the lowest value of the luminance of the pixel in the frame image, and (M, N) represents the coordinate corresponding to any one pixel in the frame image. The luminance gradient of the pixel in the first direction corresponding to the coordinates (m, n) can be calculated by:
D1’(m,n)={L(m+1,n)-L(m,n)}/L(m,n) (1)
where D1' (m, n) represents the first-direction luminance gradient, L (m +1, n) represents the luminance of the pixel corresponding to the coordinates (m +1, n), and L (m, n) represents the luminance of the pixel corresponding to the coordinates (m, n).
The luminance gradient of the pixel in the second direction corresponding to the coordinates (m, n) can be calculated by:
D2’(m,n)={L(m,n+1)-L(m,n)}/L(m,n) (2)
where D2' (m, n) represents the second-direction luminance gradient, and L (m, n +1) represents the luminance of the pixel corresponding to the coordinate (m, n + 1).
Next, in step S104, the luminance gradient is subjected to compression processing using a gradient compression function.
The gradient compression function f (x) adopted in the invention is required to have obvious characteristics, and can improve the gradient value of low brightness gradient to a certain extent, thereby improving the detail presenting capability of the brightness gradual change area, and simultaneously obviously compress the gradient value of high brightness gradient, thereby reducing the contrast coverage of the brightness great change area and playing a role of compressing dynamic contrast.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gradient compression function employed is expressed as:
f(x)=A*x1/B (3)
wherein A is a real number, B is a positive integer, and x is a luminance gradient. The corresponding typical diagram and the relative relationship between y and x are shown in fig. 3, it is obvious that when the gradient value is small, D1 "(m, n) > D1 '(m, n) enhances the detail rendering capability, and when the gradient value is large, D1" (m, n) < D1' (m, n) compresses the absolute value of the gradient to adapt to the limited contrast range of the conventional display. D1 "(m, n) represents the luminance gradient after the compression processing, and the processing relationship between D1" (m, n) and D1 '(m, n) is represented as D1 "(m, n) ═ f (D1' (m, n)).
Next, in step S105, the pixel position corresponding to the minimum luminance is assigned as the luminance corresponding to the minimum gray scale and the luminance gradient after the compression processing is respectively reconstructed in the first direction and the second direction with the pixel position corresponding to the minimum luminance as the center.
Specifically, the luminance gradient of the current pixel (x, y) corresponding to the adjacent pixels in the first direction and the second direction along the positive direction is first obtained. Then, the brightness of the current pixel is calculated according to the brightness and the brightness gradient of the adjacent pixels along the positive direction of the first direction and the positive direction of the second direction, and the brightness of the current pixel can be calculated by adopting the following formula:
L(x,y)={L(x-1,y)(1+D1'(x-1,y))+L(x,y-1)(1+D2'(x,y-1))}/2 (4)
where L (x, y) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x, y), L (x-1, y) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x-1, y), L (x, y-1) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x, y-1), D1'(x-1, y) represents the luminance gradient between a pixel with coordinates (x, y) and a pixel with coordinates (x-1, y), and D2' (x, y-1) represents the luminance gradient between a pixel with coordinates (x, y) and a pixel with coordinates (x, y-1), as shown in fig. 2.
Next, in step S106, the maximum brightness of the reconstructed whole frame image is obtained, and the scale factor is calculated according to the brightness corresponding to the maximum gray scale of the display.
Specifically, the proportionality coefficient is calculated using the following formula:
k=Lmax/Lummax (5)
wherein k represents a proportionality coefficient, LmaxIndicating the maximum gray-scale corresponding brightness, LummaxIndicating the maximum brightness of the entire frame of image.
Next, in step S107, the gradient compression function is modified using the scaling factor, and steps S104 and S105 are repeated once with the modified gradient compression function, and then output and display are performed.
Specifically, the gradient compression function is modified using the scaling factor by:
f’(x)=k*f(x) (6)
where f (x) represents a gradient compression function, and f' (x) represents a modified gradient compression function.
After the gradient compression function is modified, the process returns to step S104, the modified gradient compression function is used to compress the brightness gradient, and then the process proceeds to step S105, the brightness gradient compressed by the modified gradient function is reconstructed into the whole frame of image along the first direction and the second direction, and finally the reconstructed image is output. Note that, here, it is only necessary to execute steps S104 and S105 in a loop once. Through the processing, the maximum brightness of the reconstructed whole frame image corresponds to the maximum gray scale of the display, so that the whole frame image has the maximum brightness coverage range, and further, the detail of the local image with clear levels is obtained.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A tone mapping and displaying method for high dynamic contrast images includes:
s101, acquiring the brightness corresponding to the maximum gray scale and the brightness corresponding to the minimum gray scale of the display;
s102, acquiring brightness distribution of an input frame image and a pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness of the input frame image;
s103, calculating brightness gradients of all pixels of the input frame image along a first direction and a second direction respectively;
s104, compressing the brightness gradient by adopting a gradient compression function, wherein the gradient compression function is expressed as: (x) a ═ x1/BWherein A is a real number, B is a positive integer, and x is a brightness gradient;
s105, assigning the pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness as the brightness corresponding to the minimum gray scale, and reconstructing the whole frame of image by taking the pixel position as the center and the brightness gradient after the compression processing along the first direction and the second direction respectively;
s106, obtaining the maximum brightness of the reconstructed whole frame image, and calculating a proportionality coefficient by combining the brightness corresponding to the maximum gray scale of the display, wherein the proportionality coefficient k is calculated by adopting the following formula: k is Lmax/LummaxWherein L ismaxIndicating the maximum gray-scale corresponding brightness, LummaxRepresenting the maximum brightness of the whole frame of image after reconstruction;
s107, the gradient compression function is corrected by using the scaling factor k, and the steps S104 and S105 are repeated once by using the corrected gradient compression function f '(x), and then a display is output, where f' (x) is k × f (x).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first direction and the second direction are set to be parallel to two adjacent sides of a display screen, respectively, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular and positive directions are horizontally to the right and vertically downward.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the luminance gradient is calculated for all pixels of the input frame image in the first and second direction, respectively, using:
D1’(m,n)={L(m+1,n)-L(m,n)}/L(m,n)
D2’(m,n)={L(m,n+1)-L(m,n)}/L(m,n)
where D1 '(m, n) represents a first-direction luminance gradient, D2' (m, n) represents a second-direction luminance gradient, L (m +1, n) represents luminance of a pixel corresponding to coordinates (m +1, n), L (m, n +1) represents luminance of a pixel corresponding to coordinates (m, n +1), and L (m, n) represents luminance of a pixel corresponding to coordinates (m, n).
4. The method of claim 3, wherein reconstructing the entire frame of image along the first and second directions, respectively, further comprises:
acquiring brightness gradients of adjacent pixels of the current pixel along the positive direction corresponding to the first direction and the second direction;
and calculating the brightness of the current pixel according to the brightness and the brightness gradient of the adjacent pixels along the positive direction of the first direction and the positive direction of the second direction respectively.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the luminance of the current pixel is calculated according to the luminance and the luminance gradient of the neighboring pixels by using the following formula:
L(x,y)={L(x-1,y)(1+D1'(x-1,y))+L(x,y-1)(1+D2'(x,y-1))}/2
where L (x, y) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x, y), L (x-1, y) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x-1, y), L (x, y-1) represents the luminance of a pixel with coordinates (x, y-1), D1'(x-1, y) represents the luminance gradient between a pixel with coordinates (x, y) and a pixel with coordinates (x-1, y), and D2' (x, y-1) represents the luminance gradient between a pixel with coordinates (x, y) and a pixel with coordinates (x, y-1).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a searching method is used to obtain the pixel position corresponding to the minimum brightness.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein when a plurality of pixel positions corresponding to minimum luminance are included in the same input frame image, the pixel position corresponding to the first searched minimum luminance is taken.
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