CN106844856A - Consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct of Dynamic Traffic Flow influence - Google Patents
Consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct of Dynamic Traffic Flow influence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of urban viaduct for considering Dynamic Traffic Flow influence Field Flow Numerical Simulation method nearby, the method builds mainly for the physical model that overpass road scene is simplified, the dynamic characteristic of traffic flow is carried out the sign of physical parameter, using Fluid Mechanics Computation method, numerical simulation is carried out to flow field in real road scene；Actual traffic scene is simplified model construction first；Secondly the dynamic characteristic of traffic flow is characterized using turbulence pulsation physical indexization ground；Then the solution equation stream field that the turbulence pulsation amount for traffic flow being caused is loaded into Fluid Mechanics Computation is simulated；Last flow field situation and diffusion conditions with flow field polar plot and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION cloud atlas displaying road scene, can provide foundation, and provide effectively reference for Urban Traffic Planning and air ambient improve for the air pollution of municipal pollution hot spot region assessment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to road traffic and environmental area, more particularly, to a kind of city for considering Dynamic Traffic Flow influence
Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near city's overpass.
Background technology
China's urban automobile tail gas pollution problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and has a strong impact on urban air-quality.With to industrial source
The effective development worked with life source Environmental capacity, motor vehicle will complete air quality examination and improvement human settlement as city
Important improvement object.
Above-mentioned air pollution is monitored generally in city general area from road remote position, but urban road two
The air pollution of side region (such as intersection, street type valley, overpass) is frequently more serious, and often these regions are people
Stream close quarters, therefore, the air quality near urban road is particularly important to city dweller's health effect.Motor-vehicle tail-gas are dirty
Dye thing diffusion and distribution mainly influenceed by road diffusion conditions, namely air flow field influence.
In the more than ten years in past, urban land resource growing tension, overpass turns into the increasingly serious city of solution China
The important means of traffic jam issue.Compared with Ordinary Rd and valley type road, because of the unique physical arrangement of overpass and
The traffic source influence of rising height, the flow field and pollution distribution that Road form as overpass brings is increasingly complex.By number
Value simulation meanses, obtain overpass flow field situation nearby, have important meaning for the pollution distribution near analysis and predicted link
Justice.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of urban viaduct for considering Dynamic Traffic Flow influence nearby Field Flow Numerical Simulation method, the party
Method can provide foundation for the air pollution of municipal pollution hot spot region assessment, and be that Urban Traffic Planning and air ambient improve
Effectively reference is provided.
In order to reach above-mentioned technique effect, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near urban viaduct for considering Dynamic Traffic Flow influence, comprises the following steps：
S1：Build overpass and the simplified physical model of its surrounding enviroment；
S2：Parameterize the influence of traffic flow step response stream field；
S3：Divide the scope that traffic flow campaign stream field is acted；
S4：The Turbulent Kinetic that traffic flow causes is loaded into the governing equation of numerical simulation；
S5：Computation hydrodynamic methods, solve governing equation, carry out numerical simulation.
Further, the process of the simplified physical model of overpass is built in the step S1 is：
The geometry feature and key parameter of overpass are obtained, the physical model of overpass is reduced to bridge floor and bridge pier
Two-part structure, rectangular body Model is configured to by overpass bridge floor physical model, and key parameter includes bridge deck width and thickness, bridge
Face width is road Cross Section overall width, and thickness is the height from bridge pier and bridge floor junction to overpass face driveway face
Degree, if wherein the sound Barrier Facility in overpass road surface both sides, should also be taken into account in physical modeling.
Further, the process of the simplified physical model of overpass surrounding enviroment is built in the step S1 is：
Obtaining overpass surrounding enviroment influences the key structural parameters in flow field, i.e. surface street width, number of track-lines and track
Width, both sides building layout, depth of building and with overpass distance, wherein, road center greenbelt and roadside greening, its
His road auxiliary equipment is negligible.
Further, the detailed process of the step S2 is as follows：
S21：Obtain the magnitude of traffic flow, flow speeds, fleet's composition structured data；
S22：Using the traffic flow related data obtained in S21, calculating traffic density is：
Wherein, Q is the magnitude of traffic flow, and v is fleet's average speed；
S23：Calculating fleet's average resistance coefficient is：
Wherein, i is vehicle class label, wiIt is the accounting of i classes vehicle in fleet, CiIt is the resistance coefficient of i class vehicles；
S24：Calculating the average front face area of fleet is：
Wherein, i is vehicle class label, wiIt is the accounting of i classes vehicle in fleet, AiIt is the resistance coefficient of i class vehicles；
S25：Influence of the traffic flow campaign to air flow field is characterized with the Turbulent Kinetic physical quantity in hydrodynamics, is calculated
Formula is as follows：
VIT is the Turbulent Kinetic that road vehicle motion causes, and unit is m2/s2, δ is atmospheric density, and unit is g/m3, Cd
It is fleet's average resistance coefficient, ATIt is the average front face area of fleet, unit is m2, it is that characteristic width and feature are high that B and H is respectively
Degree, characterizes the coverage of the tubulence energy that vehicle causes, relevant with vehicle size, the general pick-up road edge line of B values outer 3~4m, H
Value typically takes 4~5m.
Further, the detailed process of the step S3 is：
Characteristic width B and feature height H in step S25, mark off traffic flow fortune in numerical simulation calculation domain
The scope that dynamic stream field is acted, within the range numerical simulation equations characterized comprising an extra Turbulent Kinetic
The influence of traffic flow campaign, the Turbulent Kinetic that traffic flow campaign causes beyond the scope has been dissipated to smaller value, does not consider it
Influence.
Further, the detailed process of the step S4 is：
S41：The Turbulent Kinetic that will be calculated in S25 is loaded into the coverage marked off in S3, its side of implementing
Formula is：The Turbulent Kinetic that traffic flow campaign is caused is used as the S on the right of the Turbulent Kinetic transmission equation equal sign of numerical computationsK1Source
, equation is as follows, and loading in next influence area is only marked off in S3：
Wherein, ρ is atmospheric density, and k is Turbulent Kinetic, and ε is dissipation turbulent kinetic energy, ujThe speed in fluid j directions is represented,
μ is laminar flow viscosity, μtIt is turbulent viscosity, GkIt is the Turbulent Kinetic produced by velocity gradient, GbIt is the tubulence energy produced by buoyancy,
YMRepresent contribution of the turbulence pulsation expansion to unitary turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate ε, S in compressible flowsKRepresent other turbulence energy
, for the Turbulent Kinetic source item that traffic flow campaign causes；Road traffic flow in the simulated scenario comprising traffic above-ground stream and
Overpass traffic flow, Turbulent Kinetic computational methods and the implementation method in numerical simulation that two parts traffic flow campaign causes
Unanimously.
Further, the detailed process of the step S5 is：
It is as follows using standard k-ε model equation solution fluid motion and governing equation：
Continuity equation：
The equation of momentum：
Turbulent Kinetic transmission equation：
Dissipation turbulent kinetic energy transmission equation：
Wherein, uiAnd ujThe respectively average speed in fluid i and j directions,It is Reynolds average stress, σkAnd σεRespectively
The Prandtl number of Turbulent Kinetic k and dissipation turbulent kinetic energy ε, SKAnd SεOther tubulence energy source items are represented, in influence on traffic flow region
Interior SKIt is worth the Turbulent Kinetic calculated value caused for traffic flow, other regions S in computational fieldsKValue is that zero representative is drawn without traffic flow
The Turbulent Kinetic influence for rising, the constant being related in formula has C1=0.43, C1ε=1.44, C2=1.9, C3ε=1.44, Cμ=
0.09, σk=1.0, σε=2.2；
The residual error standard that control above equation is calculated, continuity, speed, k and ε residual errors standard are 1e-6, when calculating reaches
Stop calculating during convergence, complete the numerical simulation in flow field near overpass.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is：
The present invention proposes a kind of urban viaduct of the dynamic characteristic influence for considering traffic flow Field Flow Numerical Simulation side nearby
Method, the method is built mainly for the physical model that overpass road scene is simplified, and the dynamic characteristic of traffic flow is carried out
The sign of physical parameter, using Fluid Mechanics Computation method, numerical simulation is carried out to flow field in real road scene；First will
The model construction that actual traffic scene is simplified；Secondly the dynamic of traffic flow is characterized using turbulence pulsation physical indexization ground
Characteristic；Then the solution equation stream field that the turbulence pulsation amount for traffic flow being caused is loaded into Fluid Mechanics Computation is simulated；
Last flow field situation and diffusion conditions with flow field polar plot and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION cloud atlas displaying road scene, can be dirty for city
The air pollution assessment for contaminating hot spot region provides foundation, and provides effectively reference for Urban Traffic Planning and air ambient improve.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overview flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the street canyon scene physical illustraton of model containing overpass；
Fig. 3 is traffic data collection and process chart；
Fig. 4 is meteorological data collection and process chart；
Fig. 5 computational fields mesh generation schematic diagrames；
The Turbulent Kinetic coverage that the motion of Fig. 6 road traffics wagon flow causes divides schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is numerical simulation calculation process flow diagram flow chart；
Fig. 8 is numerical simulation result analysis chart；
Fig. 9 is implementation example three-dimensional flow field motion pattern of the invention；
Figure 10 is implementation example street cross section velocity contour of the invention；
Figure 11 is implementation example street cross section tubulence energy distribution map of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Accompanying drawing being for illustration only property explanation, it is impossible to be interpreted as the limitation to this patent；
In order to more preferably illustrate the present embodiment, accompanying drawing some parts have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent actual product
Size；
To those skilled in the art, it can be to understand that some known features and its explanation may be omitted in accompanying drawing
's.
Technical scheme is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near urban viaduct for considering influence on traffic flow, mainly includes the following steps that：
(1) street scene relevant parameter is gathered, simplified physical model is built, it is specifically：
(11) using methods such as Field Research measurements, interrelated geometrical parameters are obtained, it is specifically as shown in Fig. 2 including road
The height and building gap width, street length and width, number of track-lines and width, the height of overpass, width of road both sides building
Crucial geometric parameter (such as table 1), is used to describe simplified street canyon physical model with bridge pier shape etc..
The street scene parameter of table 1
(12) can be modeled by 3 d modeling softwares such as ProE, SolidWorks, as shown in Figure 3；
(2) meteorological data is gathered, the meteorological boundary condition of numerical simulation is obtained, it is specifically as shown in Figure 4：
(21) wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity, pressure data are obtained, data source is in weather station (such as table 2)；
The meteorological data of table 2 (on December 27th, 2015, Guangzhou)
| Wind direction | Wind speed | Temperature | Relative humidity | Air pressure |
| North wind | 2.3m/s | 16℃ | 78 | 101310Pa |
(22) wind direction and air speed data are used for numerical simulation entrance boundary conditional definition, by the reference altitude that obtains
Wind speed, by inlet velocity with Wind outline formal definition, i.e.,：
UrefIt is that height is zrefThe wind speed size at place, used as wind speed is referred to, wind speed is wide with exponential type wind in vertical height
Line is distributed, and wherein α is wind speed altitude index, relevant with atmospheric stability and orographic condition, and 0.22 is taken here.
Simultaneously by the tubulence energy and tubulence energy dissipative shock wave at following formal definition entrance boundary：
K (z)=(U (z) × I)2
(23) temperature, humidity, pressure data are used for numerical simulation calculation domain global definition；
(3) traffic data is gathered, the tubulence energy intensity that traffic flow campaign causes is calculated, it is specifically：
(31) magnitude of traffic flow, the fleet for obtaining all tracks (including track and ground track on overpass) are averagely fast
Degree, type of vehicle composition data (such as table 3)：
The traffic data of table 3
And calculate traffic density：
Calculate fleet's average resistance coefficient：
Calculate the average front face area of fleet：
(32) tubulence energy that the tubulence energy and traffic above-ground that traffic flow campaign causes on overpass cause is calculated：
δ is atmospheric density, and unit is g/m3, CdIt is fleet's average resistance coefficient, ATIt is the average front face area of fleet, unit
It is m2, it is characteristic width and feature height that B and H is respectively, and the coverage of the tubulence energy that vehicle causes is characterized, with vehicle size
Relevant, the outer 3~4m of the general pick-up road edge line of B values, H values typically take 4~5m.
(4) numerical simulation is carried out using Fluid Mechanics Computation method, its idiographic flow is as shown in Figure 5：
(41) determine simulation computational fields, mesh generation is carried out to computational fields, it is specifically：The lateral width of computational fields should be extremely
It is less 8 times of the height of highest building, the height of computational fields should be at least 6 times of the height of highest building.Computational fields net
Lattice are divided and use structuring hexahedral mesh dividing elements, and sizing grid is from building and overpass wall distally necessarily comparing
Example increases, and sizing grid minimum takes length of side 0.25m~0.8m, and growth ratio takes 1.1~1.2, while can control mesh quality
Increase amount of calculation not too much again.Mesh generation effect is as shown in Figure 6.
(42) boundary condition of computational fields is defined, is specifically included：
(421) customized entrance boundary, including wind speed Wind outline, turbulence described in step (22) are shown a C language
The self defining programm of energy k and tubulence energy dissipative shock wave ε, reads in Fluent, realizes calculating the definition of entrance boundary condition.
(422) other boundary conditions are defined, overpass and building sides are defined as the wall condition without sliding, computational fields top
Symmetrical border is defined as, entrance is speed entrance boundary, and it is pressure export border to export.
(43) tubulence energy that traffic flow campaign causes is defined；
(431) according to the B and H in step (321), the shadow of the raw tubulence energy of traffic above-ground miscarriage is marked off in computational fields
Spatial dimension is rung, be defined in for the tubulence energy VIT being calculated in step (321) and mark off along the B*H of road by such as Fig. 7
Region, will VIT as the S on the right of tubulence energy transmission equation equal signK1Source item：
(432) according to the B and H in step (321), the turbulence that the traffic flow on overpass is produced is marked off in computational fields
The influence spatial dimension of energy, the tubulence energy VIT being calculated in step (321) is defined in and is marked off along the B*H of road
Region, will VIT as the S on the right of tubulence energy transmission equation equal signK2Source item：
(44) computation hydrodynamic methods, solve governing equation, carry out numerical simulation：
(441) it is as follows using standard k-ε model equation solution fluid motion and governing equation：
Continuity equation：
The equation of momentum：
Turbulent Kinetic transmission equation：
Dissipation turbulent kinetic energy transmission equation：
Wherein, uiAnd ujThe respectively average speed in fluid i and j directions,It is Reynolds average stress, σkAnd σεRespectively
The Prandtl number of Turbulent Kinetic k and dissipation turbulent kinetic energy ε, SKAnd SεOther tubulence energy source items are represented, in influence on traffic flow region
Interior SKIt is worth the Turbulent Kinetic calculated value caused for traffic flow, other regions S in computational fieldsKValue is that zero representative is drawn without traffic flow
The Turbulent Kinetic influence for rising, the constant being related in formula has C1=0.43, C1ε=1.44, C2=1.9, C3ε=1.44, Cμ=
0.09, σk=1.0, σε=2.2；
(442) it is standard k-ε model to set turbulence model, solves continuity equation, the equation of momentum, tubulence energy equation and rapids
Kinetic energy dissipation rate equation, above equation differential mode uses Second-order Up-wind form, the coupling algorithm use of pressure and speed
SIMPLE algorithms.It is 1e-6 to set continuity, speed, tubulence energy, the residual error standard of tubulence energy dissipative shock wave, after reaching convergence
Stop calculating, obtain flow field simulation result.
(5) flow field simulation interpretation of result and displaying.
(51) the poster processing soft tecplot is used, makees flow field motion pattern, as shown in Figure 8.
(52) speed cloud charts are made, as shown in Figure 9.
(53) tubulence energy distribution map is made, as shown in Figure 10.
(54) the flow field situation obtained in simulated scenario can be intuitively understood and analyzed by Figure 11.
The same or analogous part of same or analogous label correspondence；
Position relationship for the explanation of being for illustration only property described in accompanying drawing, it is impossible to be interpreted as the limitation to this patent；
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not right
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other changes in different forms.There is no need and unable to be exhaustive to all of implementation method.It is all this
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of invention etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (7)
1. it is a kind of to consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct that Dynamic Traffic Flow influences, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
S1：Build overpass and the simplified physical model of its surrounding enviroment；
S2：Parameterize the influence of traffic flow step response stream field；
S3：Divide the scope that traffic flow campaign stream field is acted；
S4：The Turbulent Kinetic that traffic flow causes is loaded into the governing equation of numerical simulation；
S5：Computation hydrodynamic methods, solve governing equation, carry out numerical simulation.
It is 2. according to claim 1 to consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct that Dynamic Traffic Flow influences,
Characterized in that, the process of the simplified physical model of overpass is built in the step S1 being：
The geometry feature and key parameter of overpass are obtained, the physical model of overpass is reduced to bridge floor and two, bridge pier
Separation structure, rectangular body Model is configured to by overpass bridge floor physical model, and key parameter includes bridge deck width and thickness, and bridge floor is wide
It is road Cross Section overall width to spend, and thickness is the height from bridge pier and bridge floor junction to overpass face driveway face, its
If in the sound Barrier Facility in overpass road surface both sides, should also be taken into account in physical modeling.
It is 3. according to claim 2 to consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct that Dynamic Traffic Flow influences,
Characterized in that, the process of the simplified physical model of overpass surrounding enviroment is built in the step S1 being：
The key structural parameters in acquisition overpass surrounding enviroment influence flow field, i.e. surface street width, number of track-lines and lane width,
Both sides building layout, depth of building and with overpass distance, wherein, road center greenbelt and roadside greening, other roads
Road auxiliary equipment is negligible.
It is 4. according to claim 3 to consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct that Dynamic Traffic Flow influences,
Characterized in that, the detailed process of the step S2 is as follows：
S21：Obtain the magnitude of traffic flow, flow speeds, fleet's composition structured data；
S22：Using the traffic flow related data obtained in S21, calculating traffic density is：
Wherein, Q is the magnitude of traffic flow, and v is fleet's average speed；
S23：Calculating fleet's average resistance coefficient is：
Wherein, i is vehicle class label, wiIt is the accounting of i classes vehicle in fleet, CiIt is the resistance coefficient of i class vehicles；
S24：Calculating the average front face area of fleet is：
Wherein, i is vehicle class label, wiIt is the accounting of i classes vehicle in fleet, AiIt is the resistance coefficient of i class vehicles；
S25：Influence of the traffic flow campaign to air flow field is characterized with the Turbulent Kinetic physical quantity in hydrodynamics, calculating formula is such as
Under：
VIT is the Turbulent Kinetic that road vehicle motion causes, and unit is m2/s2, δ is atmospheric density, and unit is g/m3, CdIt is fleet
Average resistance coefficient, ATIt is the average front face area of fleet, unit is m2, it is characteristic width and feature height that B and H is respectively, and is characterized
The coverage of the tubulence energy that vehicle causes, relevant with vehicle size, the outer 3~4m of the general pick-up road edge line of B values, H values are general
Take 4~5m.
It is 5. according to claim 4 to consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct that Dynamic Traffic Flow influences,
Characterized in that, the detailed process of the step S3 is：
Characteristic width B and feature height H in step S25, mark off traffic flow campaign right in numerical simulation calculation domain
The scope that flow field acts, within the range numerical simulation equations characterize traffic comprising an extra Turbulent Kinetic
The influence of motion is flowed, the Turbulent Kinetic that traffic flow campaign causes beyond the scope has been dissipated to smaller value, do not consider that it influences.
It is 6. according to claim 5 to consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct that Dynamic Traffic Flow influences,
Characterized in that, the detailed process of the step S4 is：
S41：The Turbulent Kinetic that will be calculated in S25 is loaded into the coverage marked off in S3, and its specific implementation is：
The Turbulent Kinetic that traffic flow campaign is caused is used as the S on the right of the Turbulent Kinetic transmission equation equal sign of numerical computationsK1Source item, equation
It is as follows, and loading in next influence area is only marked off in S3：
Wherein, ρ is atmospheric density, and k is Turbulent Kinetic, and ε is dissipation turbulent kinetic energy, ujThe speed in fluid j directions is represented, μ is layer
Stream viscosity, μtIt is turbulent viscosity, GkIt is the Turbulent Kinetic produced by velocity gradient, GbIt is the tubulence energy produced by buoyancy, YMRepresent
Contribution of the turbulence pulsation expansion to unitary turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate ε, S in compressible flowsKOther tubulence energy source items are represented, is used
In the Turbulent Kinetic source item that traffic flow campaign causes；Road traffic flow in the simulated scenario includes traffic above-ground stream and overpass
Traffic flow, the Turbulent Kinetic computational methods and the implementation method in numerical simulation that two parts traffic flow campaign causes are consistent.
It is 7. according to claim 6 to consider Field Flow Numerical Simulation method near the urban viaduct that Dynamic Traffic Flow influences,
Characterized in that, the detailed process of the step S5 is：
It is as follows using standard k-ε model equation solution fluid motion and governing equation：
Continuity equation：
The equation of momentum：
Turbulent Kinetic transmission equation：
Dissipation turbulent kinetic energy transmission equation：
Wherein, uiAnd ujThe respectively average speed in fluid i and j directions,It is Reynolds average stress, σkAnd σεRespectively turbulent flow
The Prandtl number of kinetic energy k and dissipation turbulent kinetic energy ε, SKAnd SεRepresent other tubulence energy source items, the S in influence on traffic flow regionK
It is worth the Turbulent Kinetic calculated value caused for traffic flow, other regions S in computational fieldsKValue is that zero representative causes without traffic flow
Turbulent Kinetic influences, and the constant being related in formula has C1=0.43, C1ε=1.44, C2=1.9, C3ε=1.44, Cμ=0.09, σk
=1.0, σε=2.2；
The residual error standard that control above equation is calculated, continuity, speed, k and ε residual errors standard are 1e-6, when calculating reaches convergence
Stop calculating during standard, complete the numerical simulation in flow field near overpass.
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| CN111563349B (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2022-06-14 | 福州大学 | Micro-terrain wind speed prediction method |
| CN112100942A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-18 | 湖南大学 | Method for constructing nonlinear turbulence model for capturing vortex system of passenger car |
| CN114648566A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-21 | 西安石油大学 | Simulation method for influence of real trees on migration of street pollutants |
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