CN106842322B - Carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake time difference correction method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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Abstract
The invention discloses a correction method for improving carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake time difference. It includes: (1) sorting the data of the two-stage earthquake data monitored by carbon dioxide flooding; (2) calculating time difference; (3) performing time difference ground surface consistency decomposition calculation; (4) correcting the time difference; (5) and (6) circularly iterating. The invention eliminates the influence of various factors by processing the seismic data acquired in different time in the same block, eliminates the time difference of the two-stage data, ensures that the difference of seismic response in different periods only comes from the change of the reservoir, and further improves the monitoring capability of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake on the change of the reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seismic data processing of oil and gas exploration, and relates to a carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic moveout correction processing method.
Prior Art
At present, the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic moveout correction methods comprise the following steps:
1. and (3) correcting the integral time difference: firstly, denoising, deconvolution and static correction processing are carried out on data in two periods; manually comparing the processing results of the two-stage data, and analyzing the time difference between the two-stage data; and applying the compared time difference to the two-stage data to finish the time difference correction work. The disadvantages of this method are: the selection of the time difference is more determined by experience; the problem of time difference space-variant cannot be solved.
2. A sectional time difference correction method: the method is similar to the whole time difference correction method, mainly solves the problem of space-variant time difference, and firstly carries out denoising, deconvolution and static correction on the data in two periods; manually comparing the processing results of the two-stage data, and analyzing the time difference of different positions of the two-stage data; and applying the compared time difference blocks to the two-stage data, and paying attention to the transition of the time difference correction value in the application process to finally finish the time difference correction work. The disadvantages of this method are: the selection of the time difference is more determined by experience; the problem of time difference space-variant can be partially solved; the problem that the time difference cannot be closed easily arises in the correction.
In the actual processing process, due to the influence of various external factors in the data acquisition process at different periods, the non-oil-reservoir part on the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic section has an unexpected difference.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake time difference correction method which can improve the accuracy of carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake time difference correction processing and further improve the monitoring capability of a carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake on reservoir change aiming at the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the method is as follows:
a carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic moveout correction method comprises the following steps: (1) sorting the data of the two-stage earthquake data monitored by carbon dioxide flooding; (2) calculating time difference; (3) performing time difference ground surface consistency decomposition calculation; (4) correcting the time difference; (5) and (6) circularly iterating.
The above scheme further comprises:
(1) carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake two-stage data sorting
Extracting two-stage data of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake according to the common center reflection point as a mark track head, placing the data of the two-stage earthquake data with the same common center reflection point in the same common center reflection point area, and picking up a corresponding stacking velocity field;
(2) time difference calculation
Selecting a position with high data signal-to-noise ratio and no reservoir change as a cross-correlation calculation window, performing cross-correlation calculation on the stacking result of each seismic channel and all channels at the same central point in a time window, and solving the time difference of each channel by taking a maximum stacking energy rule as a judgment standard;
(3) time difference earth surface consistency decomposition calculation
Performing surface consistency decomposition calculation on the obtained time difference, and decomposing the time difference into static time shift, structure and residual time difference terms of a shot point and a demodulator probe;
(4) time difference correction
Respectively applying the static time differences of the shot point and the demodulator probe to correct the time difference of the data;
(5) iteration of loop
If the obtained correction result can not meet the requirement, performing iterative correction on the basis of the obtained result, wherein the correction times are subject to the requirement;
(6) and outputting the data after the time difference processing, and sorting and outputting the two-stage carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic data to finish the time difference correction processing.
The time difference of each path obtained in the step (2) is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: i represents a shot point, j represents a demodulator probe, m represents a central point, t represents a limited time difference range, k represents the total number of tracks in the central point, and u represents energy; rm(si) Is the normalized cross-correlation of the superposition of the traces belonging to shot i and center point m with the rest of the traces of the center point, e(s)i) Is aThe accumulation of the cross-correlations of all traces at the shot,
is a partial superposition; the receiving point is the same as the shot point.
The time difference decomposition calculation in the step (3) is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, t'ijIs the time difference between the jth source and the ith detector seismic trace, SjResidual static time shift, r, corresponding to the jth source locationiFor the remaining static time shift corresponding to the i-th detector position, GkThe difference between the two-way reflection time of the h layer at the CMP reference point and the travel time of the h layer at the K-th CMP point,
the term is the residual moveout assumed to be parabolic.
Effects of the invention
The method eliminates the influence of various factors by processing the seismic data acquired in different time in the same block, eliminates the time difference of the two-stage data, ensures that the difference of seismic response in different time is only from one change of an oil and gas reservoir, mainly aims to improve the accuracy of the time difference correction processing of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake and further improve the monitoring capability of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake on the reservoir change.
The invention has the following advantages and characteristics:
first, reliability of the method effect. The method is characterized in that the time difference is obtained by performing cross-correlation on two-phase data of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake, the time difference is decomposed according to the surface consistency, and the processing example proves that the effect is obvious and stable.
Secondly, the correction of the space-variant time difference can be realized. In the processing process, the method performs cross-correlation calculation on the superposition result of each seismic channel and all channels at the same central point in a time window to obtain the time difference, realizes the processing of space variation in the time difference correction process, and improves the time difference correction precision.
Thirdly, in the processing process, the change of the time difference of the seismic data of the two phases on the space can be considered, so that the time difference correction processing of the space-variant is realized; in the time difference calculation process, the space-variant is really realized, so that the time difference correction precision is improved; in the process of solving the time difference, a mark layer with no oil reservoir change of the two-stage data can be selected as a standard, so that the solving of the time difference is more reasonable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram including inputs, outputs, and the main process steps of the method, as utilized by one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a stacked section of a carbon dioxide monitoring earthquake in two phases before time difference correction, wherein a is phase 1 data, and b is phase 2 data.
FIG. 3 is a stacked section of two stages of carbon dioxide monitoring earthquake after time difference correction, wherein a is shown as stage 1 data, and b is shown as stage 2 data.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
The method is a processing method for eliminating space-variant time difference caused by non-reservoir factors through time difference correction processing in the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake processing process. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake two-stage data sorting
And extracting the two-stage data of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake according to the common center reflection point as the identification track head, placing the data of the two-stage earthquake data with the same common center reflection point in the same common center reflection point area, and picking up the corresponding stack velocity field.
(2) Time difference calculation
And selecting the position with higher data signal-to-noise ratio and without reservoir change as a cross-correlation calculation window, performing cross-correlation calculation on the stacking result of each seismic channel and all channels at the same central point in the time window, and calculating the time difference of each channel by taking the maximum stacking energy rule as a judgment standard.
Wherein: i represents a shot point, j represents a demodulator probe, m represents a central point, t represents a limited time difference range, k represents the total number of tracks in the central point, and u represents energy; rm(si) Is the normalized cross-correlation of the superposition of the traces belonging to shot i and center point m with the rest of the traces of the center point, e(s)i) Is the accumulation of the cross-correlations of all traces belonging to a shot,
is a partial superposition; the receiving point is the same as the shot point.
(3) Moveout decomposition computation
And performing surface consistency decomposition calculation on the obtained time difference, and decomposing the time difference into static time shift, structure and residual time difference terms of a shot point and a demodulator probe
Is t'ijIs the time difference between the jth source and the ith detector seismic trace, SjResidual static time shift, r, corresponding to the jth source locationiFor the remaining static time shift corresponding to the i-th detector position, GkThe difference between the two-way reflection time of the h-layer at the CMP reference point and the travel time of the h-layer at the kth CMP point, which term reflects the architectural change along the layer, is called the architectural term,
term is the remainder of the hypothesis as a parabolaThe difference, which is used to explain incomplete moveout correction within a particular time window containing the reflection time horizon h, is calculated on the basic principle:
(4) time difference application
Using the shot and demodulator point items S obtained respectively for the travel time of the datajAnd riAnd performing time difference correction.
(5) Iteration of loop
If the obtained correction result can not meet the requirement, iterative correction can be carried out on the basis of the obtained result, and the correction times are determined according to the situation.
The following describes the implementation process of the present invention with reference to fig. 1:
inputting seismic data: inputting carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake two-stage data, wherein the data is a common central point channel subjected to denoising and energy correction.
Data matching and extraction: and sorting the two-stage data of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake according to the common-center reflection point or the common reflection point as a marking track head, placing the data of the two-stage earthquake data with the same common-center reflection point in the same common-center reflection point or common-reflection point domain, and picking up a corresponding stacking velocity field.
Calculating time difference: and selecting the position with higher data signal-to-noise ratio and without reservoir change as a cross-correlation calculation window, performing cross-correlation calculation on the stacking result of each seismic channel and all channels at the same central point in the time window, and calculating the time difference of each channel by taking the maximum stacking energy rule as a judgment standard.
Fourthly, time difference decomposition: decomposing the moveout into static time shift, structure and residual moveout terms for shot and geophone points
Applying time difference: and fourthly, performing time difference correction on the travel time of the data by using the static time shift of the shot point and the demodulator probe calculated in the fourth step.
Loop iteration: if the obtained correction result cannot meet the requirement, iterative correction can be performed on the basis of the obtained result, and the correction times are determined according to the situation (figure 1).
And (c) output: and outputting the data after the time difference processing, and sorting and outputting the two-stage carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic data to finish the time difference correction processing.
The following takes the carbon dioxide displacement monitoring seismic data of two periods in the XX oil field YD area as a target area, and the data is processed by applying the method so as to verify the effect of the method.
The actual data are collected in 1992 and 2013 respectively, the seismic data time length is 6000ms, the time sampling interval is 2ms, and the number of sampling points is 3000. The input seismic data has completed processing work such as observation system degradation, noise attenuation, energy compensation, deconvolution and the like. The data is processed by the method.
The treatment process comprises the following steps: (according to the processing flow) 1, data matching and extracting: sorting two-stage data of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake according to the common-center reflecting point or the common reflecting point as a marking track head, placing the data of the two-stage earthquake data with the same common-center reflecting point in the same common-center reflecting point or common reflecting point area, and picking up a corresponding stacking velocity field; 2. selecting a position with higher data signal-to-noise ratio and no reservoir change as a cross-correlation calculation window, performing cross-correlation calculation on the stacking result of each seismic channel and all channels at the same central point in a time window, and solving the time difference of each channel by taking a maximum stacking energy rule as a judgment standard; 3. decomposing the time difference into static time shift, structure and residual time difference terms of a shot point and a demodulator probe; 4. performing time difference correction on the travel time of the data by using the static time shift of the shot point and the demodulator probe calculated in the step 3; 5. outputting the data after the time difference processing, and sorting and outputting the two-stage carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic data to finish the time difference correction processing; 6. and respectively carrying out dynamic correction and superposition imaging on the data in the two periods before and after the time difference correction processing, and carrying out quality monitoring on the time difference correction value and the superposition effect.
And (3) effect analysis: FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional comparison of two phases of data before time difference processing, and it can be seen that there is time difference between the two phases of data, and the time difference is in a space-variant state, and the time differences are different at different positions. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional comparison of the two-phase data after the time difference correction processing, and it can be seen that the time difference of the two-phase data after the processing is basically eliminated.
Claims (1)
1. A carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic moveout correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sorting the data of the two-stage earthquake data monitored by carbon dioxide flooding;
(2) calculating time difference;
(3) performing time difference ground surface consistency decomposition calculation;
(4) correcting the time difference;
(5) carrying out loop iteration;
the (1) separation of the data of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake two-phase data is as follows:
extracting two-stage data of the carbon dioxide flooding monitoring earthquake according to the common center reflection point as a mark track head, placing the data of the two-stage earthquake data with the same common center reflection point in the same common center reflection point area, and picking up a corresponding stacking velocity field;
the (2) time difference calculation is as follows:
selecting a position with high data signal-to-noise ratio and no reservoir change as a cross-correlation calculation window, performing cross-correlation calculation on the stacking result of each seismic channel and all channels at the same central point in a time window, and solving the time difference of each channel by taking a maximum stacking energy rule as a judgment standard;
and (3) the time difference earth surface consistency decomposition calculation is as follows:
performing surface consistency decomposition calculation on the obtained time difference, and decomposing the time difference into a static time shift term, a construction term and a residual time difference term of a shot point and a demodulator probe;
the (4) time difference correction is:
respectively applying the obtained static time shifts of the shot point and the demodulator probe to perform time difference correction on the data;
the (5) loop iteration is:
if the obtained correction result can not meet the requirement, performing iterative correction on the basis of the obtained result, wherein the correction times are subject to the requirement;
the data after the time difference processing is output, and the two-stage carbon dioxide flooding monitoring seismic data are sorted and output to finish the time difference correction processing;
the time difference of each path obtained in the step (2) is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: i represents a shot point, j represents a demodulator probe, m represents a central point, t represents a limited time difference range, and k represents the total number of channels in the central point; rm(si) Is the normalized cross-correlation of the superposition of the traces belonging to shot i and center point m with the rest of the traces of the center point, e(s)i) Is the accumulation of the cross-correlations of all traces belonging to a shot,
is a partial superposition; the detection point is the same as the shot point;
and (3) calculating the time difference earth surface consistency decomposition according to the following formula:
wherein, t'ijIs the time difference, s, between the ith shot and the jth geophone seismic traceiThe remaining static time shift, r, corresponding to the ith shot positionjFor the remaining static time shift corresponding to the jth wave detector position, GKDouble pass reflection time of h layer on reference point for CMP and KthThe difference in travel time of the CMP point h layer,
the term is the residual moveout assumed to be parabolic.
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