CN106842275B - Device and method for measuring radon exhalation rate of surface under natural environment condition - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring radon exhalation rate of surface under natural environment condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN106842275B CN106842275B CN201710229069.5A CN201710229069A CN106842275B CN 106842275 B CN106842275 B CN 106842275B CN 201710229069 A CN201710229069 A CN 201710229069A CN 106842275 B CN106842275 B CN 106842275B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
- G01T7/02—Collecting means for receiving or storing samples to be investigated and possibly directly transporting the samples to the measuring arrangement; particularly for investigating radioactive fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method for radon exhalation rate on the surface under natural environment conditions, wherein the measuring device comprises a cylinder, two annular gland covers and two activated carbon collection boxes, wherein the cylinder is provided with a through hole penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face to enable the cylinder to form an upper opening and a lower opening, and two annular positioning assemblies are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder at intervals along the height direction of the cylinder; the active carbon collecting box is a cylindrical collecting box, two shaft end surfaces of the cylindrical collecting box are formed by filter screens, active carbon is filled in the cylindrical collecting box, and the mesh aperture of the filter screens is smaller than the particle size of the active carbon; the two activated carbon collection boxes are respectively arranged between the corresponding positioning assembly and the annular gland, the annular gland is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder through threads, and an annular sealing gasket is arranged between the positioning assembly and the activated carbon collection box. The invention can realize that the measurement conditions are consistent with the natural environment conditions, so that the measurement result can accurately reflect the radon exhalation rate of the soil or the building material surface under the natural environment conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface radon precipitation rate measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the surface radon precipitation rate under natural environment conditions.
Background
Radon gas is a tracer which can indicate underground deposits, geologic structures, earthquakes, etc., so radon gas measurement is widely applied to mineral geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology, disaster geology, environmental geology, etc. The radioactivity of radon gas is harmful to human health, and in the past a few decades, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published notes in journal of NATURE: radon is a public health related public problem; radon gas exists as natural radiation in the main building finishing materials of soil, bricks, cement, granite and the like, is considered to be the second largest carcinogen next to smoking, and the world health organization has classified radon as one of the 19 most important substances causing human carcinogens.
The radon extraction rate from soil or building materials under natural environment has been widely studied as an important standard for evaluating the health hazard of the environment to people, and the most common method for measuring the radon extraction rate from soil or building materials is to cover radon collection on the soil or building materials with a certain area, the space in the cover is isolated from the outside air, and radon extracted from the soil or building materials in the cover is collected and measured by related devices. However, the conventional method has the problem that the internal air pressure is possibly inconsistent with the external air pressure due to the requirement that the internal space of the radon collecting cover is closed, and the inconsistent air pressure is caused by the expansion or contraction of the air in the closed space due to the change of temperature; in addition, when the radon exhalation rate of the soil surface is measured, the gas pressure of the closed space can be changed by gas emitted from the soil. The influence of the air pressure change on the radon exhalation rate of the soil or building material surface is obvious, and the air pressure of the closed space on the soil or building material surface measured by the device is different from the external natural environment air pressure, so that the measurement result cannot accurately reflect the radon exhalation rate of the soil or building material surface under the natural environment condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a device and a method for measuring the radon exhalation rate on the surface of a natural environment, wherein the measurement conditions are consistent with the natural environment, and the measurement result is more accurate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the surface radon exhalation rate measuring device under the natural environment condition comprises a cylinder, two annular gland covers and two active carbon collection boxes, wherein the cylinder is provided with a through hole penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face to enable the cylinder to form an upper opening and a lower opening, and two annular positioning assemblies are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder at intervals along the height direction of the cylinder; the active carbon collecting box is a cylindrical collecting box, two shaft end surfaces of the cylindrical collecting box are formed by filter screens, the cylindrical collecting box is filled with active carbon, and the mesh aperture of the filter screens is smaller than the particle size of the active carbon; the two activated carbon collection boxes are respectively arranged between the corresponding positioning assembly and the annular gland, the annular gland is fixed with the inner wall of the cylinder through threaded connection, and an annular sealing gasket is arranged between the positioning assembly and the activated carbon collection box.
Further, the two annular positioning components are two annular protrusions which are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder and extend towards the center of the cylinder, and the two annular protrusions are respectively spaced from the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder.
The cylinder and the annular gland are both formed by metal materials, and the annular sealing gasket is formed by plastic materials.
The cylindrical side surface of the activated carbon collection box is made of aluminum materials.
The filter screen is an iron wire net.
The inner walls of the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder are provided with internal threads, the outer wall of the annular gland is provided with external threads, and the two annular glands are respectively fixed with the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder through threaded connection.
The height of the activated carbon collection box is 2-2.5cm, and the diameters of the two shaft end surfaces of the activated carbon collection box are 4-4.5cm.
Further, the height of the activated carbon collection box is 2cm, and the diameters of the two shaft end surfaces of the activated carbon collection box are 4cm.
The inner diameter of the cylinder is 4.1cm, the outer diameter of the cylinder is 4.5cm, and the height of the cylinder is 7cm; the outer diameter of the annular sealing gasket is 4.1cm, the inner diameter of the annular sealing gasket is 3.6cm, and the thickness of the annular sealing gasket is 0.2cm.
The method for measuring the radon exhalation rate of the surface under the natural environment condition by adopting the device provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) The cylinder is placed sideways, two circular sealing gaskets are placed into the positioning component from the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder respectively,
2) Two activated carbon collection boxes which are not adsorbed with radon are respectively placed into the cylinder from the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder, and are respectively screwed and fixed by the annular gland, so that the activated carbon collection boxes are tightly contacted with the annular sealing gasket to form a measuring device;
3) Embedding one end of the measuring device into the soil or the surface of a building material, coating an airtight material on the periphery of the measuring device, which is in contact with the soil or the building material, wherein activated carbon in the activated carbon collection box starts to adsorb radon, namely starts to collect radon;
4) After the collection is finished, unscrewing the annular gland, respectively taking out the two activated carbon collection boxes, and filling the two activated carbon collection boxes into different containers for sealing;
5) And gamma energy spectrum measurement is carried out on the activated carbon collection box near the surface end of the embedded soil or building material to obtain the radon exhalation rate of the soil or building material surface.
By adopting the technical scheme, the external environment air can freely reach the surface of the soil or building material to be measured through the active carbon layers of the two collecting boxes, so that the air pressure on the surface of the soil or building material to be measured is consistent with the air pressure of the external environment. In addition, the activated carbon collection box contacted with the outside environment air (namely, the collection box far away from the end embedded in the soil or the building material) can also prevent radon in the air from being absorbed by the collection box used for absorbing radon separated out from the soil or the building material (namely, the collection box near the end embedded in the soil or the building material). Therefore, the invention can measure radon exhalation value of soil or building material surface under natural environment condition. In addition, in the invention, the activated carbon collection box contacted with air (namely, the collection box far away from the end embedded in soil or building materials) can simultaneously measure the radon concentration in the air, so that the influence of the radon extraction rate on the radon concentration in the air can be primarily analyzed. In a word, the measuring device provided by the invention can realize that the measuring condition is consistent with the natural environment condition (temperature and pressure), and the measuring result can more accurately reflect the radon exhalation value of the soil or the building material surface under the natural environment condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surface radon exhalation rate measuring device under natural environment conditions.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the surface radon exhalation rate measuring device under natural environment conditions comprises a cylinder 1, two annular gland covers 2 and two activated carbon collection boxes 3, wherein the cylinder 1 is provided with through holes penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face to enable the cylinder 1 to form an upper opening and a lower opening, inner threads are arranged on the inner walls of the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder 1, and two annular positioning assemblies 4 are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder 1 at intervals along the height direction of the cylinder 1; the active carbon collecting box 2 is a cylindrical collecting box, two shaft end surfaces of the cylindrical collecting box are formed by a filter screen 5, the cylindrical collecting box is filled with active carbon 6, and the mesh aperture of the filter screen 5 is smaller than the particle size of the active carbon 6; the two activated carbon collection boxes 3 are respectively arranged between the corresponding positioning assembly 4 and the annular gland 2, external threads are arranged on the outer wall of the annular gland 2, the two annular glands 2 are respectively fixed with the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder 1 through threaded connection, and an annular sealing gasket 7 is arranged between the positioning assembly 4 and the activated carbon collection boxes 3.
Further, the two annular positioning assemblies 4 are two annular protrusions which are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder 1 and extend towards the center direction of the cylinder 1, and the two annular protrusions are respectively spaced from the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder 1 at certain intervals.
The cylinder 1 and the annular gland 2 are both formed from a metal material, and the annular gasket 7 is formed from a plastics material. The cylindric side of active carbon collection box 3 is by aluminium system material shaping, and the filter screen 5 of active carbon collection box 3 is the wire netting.
The height of the activated carbon collection box 3 is 2-2.5cm, and the diameters of the two shaft end surfaces of the activated carbon collection box 3 are 4-4.5cm.
In this embodiment, the height of the activated carbon collection box 3 is 2cm, and the diameters of the two shaft end surfaces of the activated carbon collection box 3 are 4cm. The inner diameter of the cylinder 1 is 4.1cm, the outer diameter of the cylinder 1 is 4.5cm, and the height of the cylinder 1 is 7cm; the outer diameter of the annular sealing gasket 7 is 4.1cm, the inner diameter of the annular sealing gasket 7 is 3.6cm, and the thickness of the annular sealing gasket 7 is 0.2cm.
The method for measuring the radon exhalation rate of the surface under the natural environment condition by adopting the device provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) The cylinder 1 is placed sideways, two annular sealing gaskets 7 are placed into the positioning component 4 from the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder respectively,
2) Two activated carbon collection boxes 3 which are not adsorbed with radon are respectively placed into the cylinder 1 from the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder 1, and are respectively screwed and fixed by the annular gland 2, so that the activated carbon collection boxes 3 are tightly contacted with the annular sealing gasket 7, and air cannot circulate from the contact position to form a measuring device;
3) Embedding one end of the measuring device into the soil or the surface of a building material, coating an airtight material on the periphery of the measuring device, which is in contact with the soil or the building material, wherein the activated carbon 6 in the activated carbon collection box 3 starts to adsorb radon, namely starts to collect radon;
4) After the collection is finished, the annular gland 2 is unscrewed, and the two activated carbon collection boxes 3 are respectively taken out and put into different containers for sealing;
5) And gamma energy spectrum measurement is carried out on the activated carbon collection box near the surface end of the embedded soil or building material to obtain the radon exhalation rate of the soil or building material surface.
By adopting the device for measuring the radon exhalation rate on the surface, the air in the external environment can freely reach the surface of the soil or building material to be measured through the active carbon layers of the two acquisition boxes, so that the air pressure on the surface of the soil or building material to be measured is consistent with the air pressure of the external environment. In addition, the activated carbon collection box contacted with the outside environment air (namely, the collection box far away from the end embedded in the soil or the building material) can also prevent radon in the air from being absorbed by the collection box used for absorbing radon separated out from the soil or the building material (namely, the collection box near the end embedded in the soil or the building material). Therefore, the invention can measure radon exhalation value of soil or building material surface under natural environment condition. In addition, in the invention, the activated carbon collection box contacted with air (namely, the collection box far away from the end embedded in soil or building materials) can simultaneously measure the radon concentration in the air, so that the influence of the radon extraction rate on the radon concentration in the air can be primarily analyzed.
Claims (8)
1. The method for measuring the radon exhalation rate of the surface under the natural environment condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method adopts a surface radon precipitation rate measuring device under natural environment condition for measurement, the measuring device comprises a cylinder, two annular gland covers and two active carbon collecting boxes, the cylinder is provided with a through hole penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face to enable the cylinder to form an upper opening and a lower opening, the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with two annular positioning components at intervals along the height direction of the cylinder, the two annular positioning components are two annular bulges which are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder and extend towards the center direction of the cylinder, and the two annular bulges are respectively spaced with the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder; the active carbon collecting box is a cylindrical collecting box, two shaft end surfaces of the cylindrical collecting box are formed by filter screens, active carbon is filled in the cylindrical collecting box, and the mesh aperture of the filter screens is smaller than the particle size of the active carbon; the two activated carbon collection boxes are respectively arranged between the corresponding positioning assembly and the annular gland, the annular gland is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder through threads, and an annular sealing gasket is arranged between the positioning assembly and the activated carbon collection box;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the cylinder side by side, and placing two annular sealing gaskets at the positioning assembly from the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder respectively;
2) Two activated carbon collection boxes which are not adsorbed with radon are respectively placed into the cylinder from the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder, and are respectively screwed and fixed by the annular gland, so that the activated carbon collection boxes are tightly contacted with the annular sealing gasket to form a measuring device;
3) Embedding one end of the measuring device into the soil or the surface of a building material, coating an airtight material on the periphery of the measuring device, which is in contact with the soil or the building material, wherein activated carbon in the activated carbon collection box starts to adsorb radon, namely starts to collect radon;
4) After the collection is finished, unscrewing the annular gland, respectively taking out the two activated carbon collection boxes, and filling the two activated carbon collection boxes into different containers for sealing;
5) And gamma energy spectrum measurement is carried out on the activated carbon collection box near the surface end of the embedded soil or building material to obtain the radon exhalation rate of the soil or building material surface.
2. The method for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the surface under the natural environment condition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cylinder and the annular gland are both formed by metal materials, and the annular sealing gasket is formed by plastic materials.
3. The method for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the surface under the natural environment condition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cylindrical side surface of the activated carbon collection box is made of aluminum materials.
4. The method for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the surface under the natural environment condition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the filter screen is an iron wire net.
5. The method for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the surface under the natural environment condition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inner walls of the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder are provided with internal threads, the outer wall of the annular gland is provided with external threads, and the two annular glands are respectively fixed with the upper opening and the lower opening of the cylinder through threaded connection.
6. The method for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the surface under the natural environment condition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the height of the activated carbon collection box is 2-2.5cm, and the diameters of the two shaft end surfaces of the activated carbon collection box are 4-4.5cm.
7. The device for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the surface under the natural environment condition according to claim 6, wherein: the height of the activated carbon collection box is 2cm, and the diameters of the two shaft end surfaces of the activated carbon collection box are 4cm.
8. The device for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the surface under the natural environment condition according to claim 7, wherein: the inner diameter of the cylinder is 4.1cm, the outer diameter of the cylinder is 4.5cm, and the height of the cylinder is 7cm; the outer diameter of the annular sealing gasket is 4.1cm, the inner diameter of the annular sealing gasket is 3.6cm, and the thickness of the annular sealing gasket is 0.2cm.
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