CN106841575B - A kind of four ball friction tests mill spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method - Google Patents
A kind of four ball friction tests mill spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2888—Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration
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Abstract
Four ball friction test of one kind of the invention grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, gray processing processing is carried out to the collected polishing scratch image for not having obvious color first, increase the processing speed of image, edge detection is carried out by grinding spot figure to gray scale, obtain edge detection graph, again by carrying out circulation rotating to edge detection graph, several groups level marks value is obtained, has obtained polishing scratch deflection eventually by obtained maximum horizontal mark value.The present invention can accurately determine the deflection of polishing scratch using marginal information, overcome testing crew because experience is insufficient or shortcoming bring measurement accuracy.And without carrying out multiple comparative analysis, accurate polishing scratch deflection can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of expanded applications of four ball frictional testing machines measurement oil lubrication performance, and in particular to a kind of
The method for carrying out the automatic positioning of polishing scratch direction using marginal information.
Background technique
The good lubricating oil of lubricity can protect mechanical, extension working life, survey often through four-ball tribotester
Amount.According to China's oil chemical industry standard (GB-T 12583-1998 and H-T 0762-2005), the anti-wear performance of lubricant
Measuring method are as follows: the steel ball that three diameters are 12.7mm is clamped in an oil box, and is submerged with formation testing, is placed in three top dome portions
The steel ball of one diameter applies 147N or 392N active force after formation testing temperature reaches 75 DEG C ± 2 DEG C, heads a ball in certain revolving speed
Lower rotation 60min then takes out three steel balls of bottom, three steel balls of measurement in the case where measurement accuracy is the microscope of 0.01mm
Wear scar diameter, three steel balls are obtained six groups of measurement data, and the anti-friction performance of lubricating oil or lubricating grease passes through six times of three balls
The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of the spot diameter that rubs of measurement is evaluated.The determination in polishing scratch direction can be convenient for the measurement of wear scar diameter, ajust mill
The shooting angle of spot image, and convenient for subsequent analysis processing such as subsequent polishing scratch intensity, density etc..Based on this, we
Propose a kind of polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method based on marginal information.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide four ball friction test of one kind grind spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, certainly
Due to the perceptual error of testing crew in existing measuring method, the defects of caused measurement accuracy is inaccurate.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention, which adopts the following technical scheme that, is achieved:
A kind of four balls friction test provided by the invention grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, including following step
It is rapid:
Step S1, after four ball friction tests, acquisition test used in mill spot image F on three bottom steel balls；
Collected colored mill spot image F is carried out gray processing processing, obtains gray scale mill spot figure f by step S2；
Step S3 grinds spot figure f to gray scale by edge detection operator and carries out edge detection, for extracting the mill in mill spot figure
Trace obtains mill spot edge figure E；
Above-mentioned obtained mill spot edge figure E is rotated for the first time with the rotation angle of α=0, is revolved by step S4
The rotated edge map E of α is turnedα；
Step S5 calculates above-mentioned resulting rotated edge map EαThe length of the continuous boundary of middle xth row from (x, 1) to (x, y)
Degree obtains the long figure d in row edgeα；
Step S6, to above-mentioned resulting long edge graph dαProgressive scan filtering processing is from left to right carried out, is retained in every row
Continuous length is more than the edge of certain value T, obtains capable filtering figure hα；
Step S7 calculates rotated edge map EαLevel marks Sα；
Step S8 need to then be recycled with iterative method when α < 180 ° and be executed step S4 to step S7；
Step S9, when α >=180 °, then according to level marks SαDetermine mill spot image direction horizontal angle θ.
Preferably, in step S1, the pixel size of the mill spot image F is M × N, any pixel of the mill spot image F
The coordinate of point is (x, y), then x and y respectively indicates the row and column of the pixel, and x and y are integer.
Preferably, in step S2, the gray value of pixel (x, y) is f (x, y) in gray scale mill spot image f, then f (x,
Y) shown in calculating formula such as formula (1):
F (x, y)=0.3R (x, y)+0.59G (x, y)+0.11B (x, y) (1)
Wherein, R (x, y), G (x, y) and B (x, y) respectively indicate the red color component value, green of pixel (x, y) in mill spot image F
Colouring component value and blue color component value.
Preferably, in step S3, the edge detection operator is Sobel, Canny or Prewit edge detection operator,
Wherein, the mill spot edge figure E is binary map, wherein E (x, y)=1 indicates that marginal point, E (x, y)=0 indicate non-edge point.
Preferably, in step S4, the rotated edge map EαFor binary map, size MαAnd Nα, wherein Eα(x,y)
=1 indicates marginal point, Eα(x, y)=0 indicates non-edge point.
Preferably, in step S5, the long calculating formula (2) in the row edge is such as formula:
Wherein, dα(x, y) indicates that the continuous boundary of the long image vegetarian refreshments (x, y) in row edge is long, i.e. pixel in expression xth row
There is (d on the left of (x, y)α(x, y) -1) a 1.
Preferably, in step S6, the calculating formula (3) of the row filtering processing is such as formula:
Wherein, hα(x, y) is the pixel value of row filtering image vegetarian refreshments (x, y), and T is definite value, and value is 10~100.
Preferably, in step S7, the calculating formula (4) of the level marks is such as formula:
Wherein, the level marks SαValue is maximum, and the polishing scratch of mill spot figure F is located at horizontal direction；The level marks SαValue
For minimum, the polishing scratch for grinding spot figure F is located at vertical direction.
Preferably, in step S8, the iterative method, which refers to rotate angle [alpha], adds fixed rotary step β as new rotation
Gyration carries out circulation rotating, that is, α=alpha+beta, wherein the value of β is smaller, and precision is higher, obtains C laterβThe mill spot gray scale of group
The rotation array of figure and level marks S corresponding with its arrayαValue.
Preferably, in step S9, according to above-mentioned gained CβThe level marks S of groupα, meetWhen, then α=θ.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Four ball friction test of one kind of the invention grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, first to it is collected not
Have obvious color polishing scratch image carry out gray processing processing, increase the processing speed of image, by gray scale grind spot figure into
Row edge detection obtains edge detection graph, then by carrying out circulation rotating to edge detection graph, has obtained several groups level marks
Value, obtains polishing scratch deflection eventually by obtained maximum horizontal mark value.The present invention can accurately really using marginal information
The direction for determining polishing scratch overcomes testing crew because experience is insufficient or shortcoming bring measurement accuracy.And without carrying out repeatedly to score
Analysis, can be obtained accurate polishing scratch deflection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is polishing scratch deflection θ schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is mill spot image F schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is gray scale mill spot figure f schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is mill spot edge figure E schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is rotated edge map EαSchematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
The horizontal angle of present invention polishing scratch characterizes polishing scratch direction, and polishing scratch horizontal angle is defined as polishing scratch and horizontal line intersection
Afterwards, the upper left corner folded by left horizontal rays and upper polishing scratch ray, Fig. 1 polishing scratch horizontal angle θ.
The invention proposes a kind of four ball friction tests to grind spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, including walks as follows
It is rapid:
Step S1: the mill spot image of test steel ball is acquired by Scanning Electron microscope.Specifically: in four ball friction tests
After, three bottom steel ball taking-ups used in test are placed in surface sweeping Electronic Speculum respectively, and adjust the light of surface sweeping Electronic Speculum
According to the parameters such as amplification factor, clearly to collect mill spot image, mill spot image collected is indicated with F, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show.Meanwhile the pixel size of the obtained mill spot image F is M × N, such as the size of mill spot image is 768 × 1024, i.e. M
=768, N=1024.Meanwhile (x, y) being utilized to indicate to grind the coordinate of any pixel point of spot image F, then x and y respectively indicate this
The row and column of pixel, and x and y are integer；
Step S2: collected colored mill spot image is subjected to gray processing processing.Collected mill spot image in step S1
Without significant colouring information, therefore preferably first opposite grinding spot image carries out gray processing processing, can greatly speed up processing speed in this way.
Specifically, gray level image is converted by mill spot image F, obtains gray scale mill spot figure f as shown in Figure 3, then in gray scale mill spot image f
The gray value of pixel (x, y) is f (x, y), then shown in the calculating formula of f (x, y) such as formula (1):
F (x, y)=0.3R (x, y)+0.59G (x, y)+0.11B (x, y) (1)
Wherein, f (x, y) indicates the gray value of pixel (x, y) in gray scale mill spot figure f；R (x, y), G (x, y) and B (x, y) points
Red color component value, green component values and the blue color component value of pixel (x, y) in spot image F Biao Shi not ground；
Step S3: edge detection.Grinding spot image f progress edge detection to gray scale by edge detection operator can be used to extract
The polishing scratch in spot figure is ground, the edge detection operator can be Sobel, Canny or Prewit edge detection operator, be ground
Spot edge figure E, as shown in Figure 4.The present embodiment takes traditional Sobel edge detection operator.The obtained mill spot edge figure E is
Binary map, wherein E (x, y)=1 indicates that marginal point, E (x, y)=0 indicate non-edge point.
Step S4: rotation mill spot edge figure.By above-mentioned obtained mill spot edge figure E for the first time with the rotation angle of α=0
(not executing rotation for the first time) is rotated, and the rotated edge map E for having rotated α as shown in Figure 5 is obtainedα.Resulting rotation
Edge graph EαSize be MαAnd Nα.Likewise, the rotated edge map EαIt is also binary map, wherein Eα(x, y)=1 is indicated
Marginal point, Eα(x, y)=0 indicates non-edge point.
Step S5: it is long to calculate row edge.Rotated edge map E is evaluated by row edge lengthαMiddle xth row from (x, 1) to (x,
Y) length of continuous boundary obtains the long figure d in row edgeα, wherein the long calculating formula 2 in the row edge) such as formula:
Wherein, dα(x, y) indicates that the continuous boundary of the long image vegetarian refreshments (x, y) in row edge is long, i.e. pixel in expression xth row
There is (d on the left of (x, y)α(x, y) -1) a 1.
Step S6: the row filtering processing of the long figure in row edge.To long edge graph dαIt from left to right carries out at progressive scan filtering
Reason, retains in every row that continuously length is more than the edge of certain value T, obtains capable filtering figure hα.Since polishing scratch has significant direction one
Cause property, when polishing scratch is horizontally oriented, polishing scratch edge is also at level, when carrying out row filtering, will be retained；When polishing scratch is in
When vertical direction, when carrying out row filtering, nearly all it is deleted.
The calculating formula (3) of row filtering processing is such as formula:
Wherein, hα(x, y) is the pixel value of row filtering image vegetarian refreshments (x, y), and T is definite value, and general value is 10~100.
Step S7: rotated edge map E is calculatedαLevel marks.Use SαIndicate EαLevel marks, level marks SαIt is worth table
The degree that polishing scratch is located at horizontal direction, level marks S are leviedαValue is bigger, and polishing scratch is closer to horizontal direction, it may be assumed that when mill spot figure F's
When polishing scratch is located at horizontal direction, level marks SαValue is maximum；When the polishing scratch for grinding spot figure F is located at vertical direction, level marks SαValue
It is minimum.The calculating formula (4) of level marks is such as formula:
Step S8: new rotation angle [alpha] is calculated.
When α < 180 °, then it need to be recycled with iterative method and execute step S4 to step S7, that is, the iterative method refers to rotate
Angle [alpha] adds fixed rotary step β as new rotation angle and carries out circulation rotating, that is, α=alpha+beta, wherein the value of β is got over
Small, precision is higher；
When α >=180 °, then step S9 is transferred to.
Step S9: polishing scratch direction determines.
When the polishing scratch direction for grinding spot image is rotated to horizontal direction, obtained level marks SαValue is the largest, and is based on
Obtained level marks array can determine the direction of polishing scratch.Specifically:
Mill spot grayscale image is rotated according to step-length β, will be obtainedThe rotation array of the mill spot grayscale image of group,
And level marks S corresponding with its arrayα, wherein CβFor the rotation array for grinding spot grayscale image.
In CβThe level marks S of groupαIn, work as satisfactionWhen, then it is mill that α=θ, θ, which are polishing scratch direction horizontal angle,
Trace and horizontal angle, for characterizing polishing scratch direction.
According to the above technical solution of the present invention, in terms of runing time and cost analysis two, comparison the present invention program and
The advantage and disadvantage of traditional manual measurement method.
1 runing time.By taking the image of the present embodiment as an example, simulation process platform of the invention are as follows: at Intel I3 M350
Device is managed, the computer of 2GB memory is emulated under MATLAB platform, and the time used in algorithm is 42 seconds, this calculation of hardware realization
After method, Riming time of algorithm can also greatly reduce.
2 precision analysis.Conventional method measurement carries out qualitative estimation, not quantitative evaluation first is that relying primarily on human eye judgement
Value, can generate ambiguous；This method has quantitative evaluation criteria, therefore the polishing scratch directional precision determined is higher than tradition side
Method.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of four ball friction tests grind spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1, after four ball friction tests, acquisition test used in mill spot image F on three bottom steel balls；
Collected colored mill spot image F is carried out gray processing processing, obtains gray scale mill spot figure f by step S2；
Step S3 grinds spot figure f to gray scale by edge detection operator and carries out edge detection, for extracting the polishing scratch in mill spot figure,
Obtain mill spot edge figure E；
Above-mentioned obtained mill spot edge figure E is rotated for the first time with the rotation angle of α=0, is had rotated by step S4
The rotated edge map E of αα；
Step S5 calculates above-mentioned resulting rotated edge map EαThe length of the continuous boundary of middle xth row from (x, 1) to (x, y), obtains
To the long figure d in row edgeα；
Step S6, figure d long to above-mentioned resulting row edgeαProgressive scan filtering processing is from left to right carried out, is retained continuous in every row
Length is more than the edge of certain value T, obtains capable filtering figure hα；
Step S7 calculates rotated edge map EαLevel marks Sα；
Step S8 need to then be recycled with iterative method when 180 ° of α < and be executed step S4 to step S7；
Step S9, when α >=180 °, then according to level marks SαDetermine mill spot image direction horizontal angle θ.
2. above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to claim 1
Be: in step S1, the pixel size of the mill spot image F is M × N, and the coordinate of any pixel point of the mill spot image F is
(x, y), then x and y respectively indicates the row and column of the pixel, and x and y are integer.
3. above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to claim 1
Be: in step S2, the gray value of pixel (x, y) is f (x, y) in gray scale mill spot figure f, then the calculating formula of f (x, y) is such as
Shown in formula (1):
F (x, y)=0.3R (x, y)+0.59G (x, y)+0.11B (x, y) (1)
Wherein, R (x, y), G (x, y) and B (x, y) respectively indicate the red color component value of pixel (x, y), green point in mill spot image F
Magnitude and blue color component value.
4. above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to claim 1
Be: in step S3, the edge detection operator is Sobel, Canny or Prewit edge detection operator, wherein the mill
Spot edge figure E is binary map, wherein E (x, y)=1 indicates that marginal point, E (x, y)=0 indicate non-edge point.
5. above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to claim 1
It is: in step S4, the rotated edge map EαFor binary map, size MαAnd Nα, wherein Eα(x, y)=1 indicates side
Edge point, Eα(x, y)=0 indicates non-edge point.
6. above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to claim 1
Be: in step S5, the long calculating formula (2) in the row edge is such as formula:
Wherein, dα(x, y) indicates that the continuous boundary of the long image vegetarian refreshments (x, y) in row edge is long, i.e. pixel (x, y) in expression xth row
Left side have (dα(x, y) -1) a 1.
7. above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to claim 1
Be: in step S6, the calculating formula (3) of the row filtering processing is such as formula:
Wherein, hα(x, y) is the pixel value of row filtering image vegetarian refreshments (x, y), and T is definite value, and value is 10~100.
8. above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to claim 1
Be: in step S7, the calculating formula (4) of the level marks is such as formula:
Wherein, the level marks SαValue is maximum, and the polishing scratch of mill spot figure F is located at horizontal direction；The level marks SαValue is most
Small, the polishing scratch of mill spot figure F is located at vertical direction.
9. above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind grinds spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to claim 1
Be: in step S8, the iterative method, which refers to rotate angle [alpha], adds fixed rotary step β as new rotation angle progress
Circulation rotating, that is, α=alpha+beta, wherein the value of β is smaller, and precision is higher, obtains C laterβThe rotation number of the mill spot grayscale image of group
Group and level marks S corresponding with its arrayαValue.
10. grinding spot image polishing scratch direction automatic positioning method, feature according to the above-mentioned four ball friction test of one kind of claim 9
It is: in step S9, according to above-mentioned gained CβThe level marks S of groupα, meetWhen, then α=θ.
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| CN102289821A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2011-12-21 | 西北工业大学 | Image detection method for side-slipping motion of vehicle |
| CN102538692A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-04 | 济南试金集团有限公司 | Four-ball wear scar testing device |
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| CN102289821A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2011-12-21 | 西北工业大学 | Image detection method for side-slipping motion of vehicle |
| CN102538692A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-04 | 济南试金集团有限公司 | Four-ball wear scar testing device |
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| 一种新的边缘检测算法研究;肖梅 等;《郑州大学学报(工学版)》;20120731;第33卷(第4期);第86-88，93页 |
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