CN106841389A - A kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking - Google Patents
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses the system for detecting anchor pole unsticking, including acceleration transducer, signal collecting device and analysis and processing module, the acceleration transducer is used to gather the vibration acceleration signal after anchor pole is energized, and vibration acceleration signal is input to analysis and processing module via the signal collecting device；The analysis and processing module obtains the single order component of acceleration of vibration acceleration signal using interpretive model decomposition method, it is integrated and obtains single order displacement component；Analysis and processing module makees Hilbert transform to single order displacement component, obtains the frequency and amplitude curve of anchor pole；Its Non-Linear Vibration degree is judged according to frequency and amplitude curve；According to Non-Linear Vibration degree, unsticking identification is carried out.The present invention makes evaluations based on the Non-Destructive Testing to anchor rod body and cementing body interface and anchor pole adhesive bond and ground body interface, the anchoring status to anchor pole, and it is of great significance for keeping the safety in production and ensureing that engineering structure safety all has.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to anchor rod anchored state-detection field, and in particular to a kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking.
Background technology
In recent years, with the extensive development of engineering construction, mooring rod technique is widely used.Although anchor pole performance
It is excellent, but due to during under arms in complicated force environment, it usually needs status monitoring is carried out to anchor pole, so as to timely
It was found that the damage (such as anchoring unsticking) for occurring, it is ensured that the safety and stability of structure.The Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of Detection of Bolt Bonding Integrity is
Hot research topic as domestic and foreign scholars, but current anchor pole detection method still has various limitations and deficiency, it would be highly desirable to it is theoretical
The improvement of progress of research and detection method.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, a kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking, bag
Acceleration transducer, signal collecting device and analysis and processing module are included, the acceleration transducer is energized for gathering anchor pole
Vibration acceleration signal afterwards, vibration acceleration signal is input to analysis and processing module via the signal collecting device；It is described
Analysis and processing module decomposes the single order component of acceleration that (AMD) obtains vibration acceleration signal using interpretive model, and it is integrated
Obtain single order displacement component；Analysis and processing module makees Hilbert transform to single order displacement component, obtains the frequency-amplitude of anchor pole
Curve；Its Non-Linear Vibration degree is judged according to frequency-amplitude curve；According to Non-Linear Vibration degree, unsticking identification is carried out.
Further, using power hammer excitation anchor pole, need to tap the termination of anchor pole during vibration.
Further, it is enclosed with elastomeric skin layer on the power hammer tup.
Further, displacement signal is processed using image method, Hilbert transform is then carried out again.
Advantageous Effects：
The present invention based on the Non-Destructive Testing to anchor rod body and cementing body interface and anchor pole adhesive bond and ground body interface,
Anchoring status to anchor pole make evaluation, and it all has highly important meaning for keeping the safety in production and ensureing engineering structure safety
Justice.
Brief description of the drawings
In order that the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is made into
The detailed description of one step, wherein：
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is signal x1 amplitude over time figures；
Fig. 3 is signal x1 power spectrum；
Fig. 4 is signal x2 amplitude over time figures；
Fig. 5 is signal x2 power spectrum；
Fig. 6 is y1 displacement time diagrams after mixing；
Fig. 7 is y1 power spectrum after mixing；
Fig. 8 is y2 displacement time diagrams after mixing；
Fig. 9 is y2 power spectrum after mixing；
Figure 10 is single order signal amplitude-time diagram after AMD is decomposed；
Figure 11 is single order power spectrum signal after AMD is decomposed；
Figure 12 is second order signal amplitude over time figure after AMD is decomposed；
Figure 13 is second order signal power spectrum after AMD is decomposed；
Figure 14 is acceleration signal SJ1-A-20；
Figure 15 is the power spectrum of acceleration signal SJ1-A-20；
Figure 16 is signal single order component of acceleration；
Figure 17 is the power spectrum of signal single order component of acceleration；
Figure 18 is signal one-order velocity component；
Figure 19 is signal single order displacement component；
Figure 20 is amplitude time-histories figure；
Figure 21 is instantaneous frequency time history figure；
Figure 22 is signal SJ1-A-20 amplitude-frequency curves；
Figure 23 is signal SJ1-A-20 amplitude-frequency normalized curves.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail；It should be appreciated that preferred embodiment
Only for the explanation present invention, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Nonlinear vibration characteristics refer to the property that component or structure itself instantaneous frequency during free vibration are continually changing
Matter.Anchor pole transmits anchoring by two interfaces of the body of rod and anchoring adhesive bond contact surface and anchoring adhesive bond and ground contact level
Power.When interfacial adhesion is good, in vibration processes, anchor rod body is not produced anchor pole with anchoring body and anchoring body with Rock And Soil
Relative displacement, friction will not be produced on two contact interfaces.When interface occur unsticking when, anchor pole in vibration processes, unsticking
Relative displacement can occur on place's contact surface and produce friction, rubbing can cause the loss of energy, produce Non-Linear Vibration.When interface goes out
When now coming to nothing, position of coming to nothing is not in contact with producing, and interface friction disappears.
Friction is the reason for causing Non-Linear Vibration.When interfacial detachment, due on interface rub presence, once from
By in vibration processes, amplitude is bigger, the frequency of anchor pole is lower.In the case where interfacial adhesion is good, vibration processes median surface
Friction is weaker, and nonlinear vibration characteristics are accordingly weaker.When unsticking area is different, the larger anchor pole friction area of unsticking area
Greatly, the small anchor pole rubbing surface of unsticking area is smaller, so the big anchor pole nonlinear vibration characteristics of the unsticking area anchor smaller than unsticking
Bar is more obvious.
It is a kind of signal decomposition side based on Hilbert transform proposed by Chan and Wang that interpretive model decomposes (AMD)
Method.By setting the cut frequency for determining, interpretive model is decomposed and easily can separated the composition in each frequency band in signal
Come.
The essence of interpretive model decomposition method is the letter for each being had CF composition using Hilbert transform
Number analytically decomposite and.For the sophisticated signal with multiple dense frequency signal components, AMD has phase by constructing a pair
With the orthogonal function of CF, using this Hilbert transform to orthogonal function and the product of former sophisticated signal, any
Frequency decomposites with being less than the signal resolution of orthogonal function frequency.
Interpretive model resolution theory based on Hilbert transform is expressed as follows：
For arbitrarily by n component of signalOriginal signal x (t) of composition
If the time varying frequency ω of its each component1(t),ω2(t),...,ωnT () meets：
|ω1(t) | ＜ ωb1(t), ωb1(t) ＜ | ω2(t) | ＜ ωb2(t)...ωb(n-2)(t) ＜ | ωn-1(t) | ＜
ωb(n-1)(t), ωb(n-1)(t) ＜ | ωn(t)|。
Wherein, ωbi(t)∈(ωi(t),ωi+1(t)) (i=1,2 ..., n-1) it is the cut-off frequency chosen.So it
Each component of signal can analytically be given.
si(t)=sin [ωbi(t)]H{x(t)cos[ωbi(t)]}-cos[ωbi(t)]H{x(t)sin[ωbi(t)]}(i
=1,2 ... n-1) (3)
In formula, H [] represents Hilbert transform computing.
For the non-stationary signal with time varying frequency, interpretive model decomposition theorem formula x (t)=ξ (t) z (t) can be expanded
For：
si(t)=sin [θbi(t)]H{x(t)cos[θbi(t)]}-cos[θbi(t)]H{x(t)sin[θbi(t)] }, (i=
1,2,...,n-1) (4)
In formulaIt is the integration of cut-off frequency, i.e. phase angle.
Original signal can be expressed as 2 signal sums：
WithRepresent s1(t) andFourier transformation, and | ω | ＞ ω that exist respectivelybWith | ω | ＜ ωbIt is 0.
ωbRepresent arbitrary positive number, referred to as cut-off frequency.Conclusion is demonstrate,proved to obtain according in Parseval theories and appendix A, can be obtained：
Therefore, s1(t) andIt is real function at (- ∞ ,+∞).
Make sc(t)=cos (ωbT), ss(t)=sin (ωbt).Then sk(t) c (t), (k=c, Hilbert transform s)
It is represented by：
Because s1(t) andHilbert transform only in ω=ωbWhen non-zero, formula 8 theoretical according to Bedrosian
Can turn to：
By k=c, s brings formula 8, and solving equations into, can obtain：
sc(t) and ssT the Hilbert transform of () is represented by：
H[sc(t)]=sin (ωbT) with H [ss(t)]=- cos (ωbt) (12)
Then have,
ss(t)H[sc(t)]-sc(t)H[ss(t)]=1 (13)
Formula 6,7 can be turned to：
s1(t)=sin (ωbt)H[x(t)cos(ωbt)]-cos(ωbt)H[x(t)sin(ωbt)] (14)
Therefore signalAnd s1T the Hilbert transform of () is obtained by formula (1)：
By conclusion in appendix A, s in formula (14) can be obtained1The Fourier transformation of (t), in ω ＜ ωbWhen be equal toIn ω ＞ ωbWhen be 0.In same formula (16)Fourier transformation, in ω ＞ ωbWhen be equal toIn ω
＜ ωbWhen be 0.
Formula 3 is to take ω in cut-off frequencybiWhen (i=1,2 ..., n-1), the application of formula (12).
Signal decomposition：
Make cut-off frequency ωb=ωb1,ωb2,...,ωb(n-1), then original signal can be broken down into：
Formula (2) is then represented by：
Wherein, si(t) (i=1,2 ..., n-1) andCan be by making ω in formula (14), (16)b=ωbiAnd ωb
=ωb(n-1)Obtain.This processing procedure is referred to as the decomposable process of original signal.
Numerical integration：
For accelerating curve a (t) that side continues, it is integrated twice can obtain displacement curve s (t), i.e.,
∫ a (t) dt=v (t), ∫ v (t) dt=s (t) (20).
Actually measured acceleration signal, is discrete time series, it is impossible to direct integral.Integral principle is utilized herein,
N before the t that will be measured discrete acceleration signal line, it is approximate with the algebraical sum of the area that x-axis is enclosed when regarding t as
The integration of preacceleration signal, the i.e. speed of t are carved, sample frequency was sufficiently large at that time, the degree of accuracy of the value that its integration is obtained
It is higher with confidence level.I.e. using the cumulative of n acceleration magnitude before t with during product approximate representation t with sampling time interval
The speed at quarter.So we use cumulative and function cumsum in matlab, cumsum functional operation is carried out to a certain array,
Its n-th is n sum before former array.So after carrying out cumsum computings to the acceleration signal that obtains of sampling, multiplied by with
Time interval, just obtains rate signal.The computing is carried out again to Velocity Time sequence, displacement signal is just obtained.
Appendix A
Function sc(t)=cos (ωbAnd s t)s(t)=sin (ωbT) Fourier transformation is represented by：
δ [] is Dirac Dleta functions.Then yc(t)=x (t) sc(t) and ys(t)=x (t) ssT () Fourier transformation can
Obtained by the convolution integral of formula (A3) (A4)
By the relation of Hilbert transform and Fourier transformation, then yc(t) and ysThe Fourier of the Hilbert transform of (t)
Conversion is equal to：
In formulaRepresent the Fourier transformation of the Hilbert transform of equation in square brackets.Sgn (ω) is sign function.
Then s in equation (14)1T the Fourier transformation of () is：
Then
Can be obtained by equation 14,
From formula (A7) and (A8),WithExist | ω | ＞ ω respectivelybWith | ω | ＜ ωbWhen be 0, all exist | ω
|=ωbWhen be equal to
Note：1.Parsevals is theoretical：Function square and/or integration, equal to its Fourier transform formula square and/or product
Point.
Now there are some researches show the ratio that the energy of, each frequency content accounts for gross energy is(wherein n=1,2,
3....).Fundamental frequency energy accounts for gross energy 80% can be calculated, single order oscillating component can carry most of energy of signal,
Therefore be analyzed using single order oscillating component during the nonlinear vibration characteristics of present invention research anchor pole interface vibration signal.Parsing mould
Formula is decomposed has efficiently accurate advantage, can be applied to signal decomposition to obtain accurate simple component first order signal.
Construction one has two systems of dynamic freedom degrees, if the displacement equation in its free vibration stage is：
The implication of each parameter is in formula：AiIt is amplitude, A1=60, A2=50；ξiIt is damping ratio, ξ1=0.01, ξ2=
0.012；fiIt is its each order frequency, fi=60, f2=100；θiPhase angle, θ1=20, θ2=30.Sample frequency is set to
1000Hz, sampling duration is taken as 2s.
The system of structure is made up of two parts, and single order and second order signal are respectively：
x1=60 × [exp (- 2 0.01 × 60t of π)] × cos (2 π × 60t)+20 (22)
x2=50 × [exp (- 2 0.012 × 100t of π)] × cos (2 π × 100t)+30 (23)
The amplitude over time figure and its power spectrum of each component are as Figure 2-Figure 5：
A random matrix M for 2 × 2 ranks is generated using Matlab built-in functions rand (2), by above-mentioned two original signal group
The matrix X for closing and random matrix M carries out convolution (Y=M*X) and obtains mixed signal Y.Two components y1, y2 of mixed signal
And its power spectrum such as Fig. 6,7,8,9：
From Fig. 6,7,8,9 it can be seen that mixed y1 power spectrum show two kinds of frequency contents of 60Hz and 100Hz, and y2
Although containing two kinds of frequency contents of 60Hz and 100Hz, predominantly 60Hz frequency contents, 100Hz frequency contents are quite few, almost
Can ignore.Two kinds of frequency contents in mixed signal y1 are separated using interpretive model decomposition method now, according to y1 work(
It is 80Hz that rate spectrogram sets two points of cut frequency, the frequency content obtained in y1 mixed signals less than 80Hz is decomposed by AMD, i.e.,
It is first order signal component s1, then first order signal component s1 is subtracted with mixed signal y1 to obtain second order signal component s2.After separation
Signal see Figure 10~Figure 12：
The single order and second order signal frequency (spectrum peak) isolated by mixed signal y1 be respectively 60.0586Hz and
100.0977Hz, it can be seen that the simple component signal frequency isolated and corresponding original signal frequency closely, it is taken as that
It is successfully and feasible that AMD is decomposed.
The method decomposed using AMD obtains the single order component of acceleration of anchor pole free vibration, and integration obtains single order displacement point
Amount, with Hilbert transform pairs, it is processed, and obtains the instantaneous frequency and corresponding displacement amplitude of single order displacement component, is entered
And it is feasible that the nonlinear vibration characteristics of anchor pole are analyzed.
As seen through the above analysis, recognize that interfacial detachment situation is feasible using the nonlinear vibration characteristics of anchor pole
, while unsticking degree can also be differentiated.
Based on this, adopted the invention provides a kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking, including acceleration transducer, signal
Collection equipment and analysis and processing module, the acceleration transducer are used to gather the vibration acceleration signal after anchor pole is energized, and shake
Dynamic acceleration signal is input to analysis and processing module via the signal collecting device；The analysis and processing module is using parsing mould
Formula decomposition method obtains the single order component of acceleration of vibration acceleration signal, it is integrated and obtains single order displacement component；At analysis
Reason module makees Hilbert transform to single order displacement component, obtains the frequency-amplitude curve of anchor pole；According to frequency-amplitude curve
Judge its Non-Linear Vibration degree；According to Non-Linear Vibration degree, unsticking identification is carried out.
Due to enter row energization to anchor pole, acceleration transducer will gather the extensional vibration signal of anchor pole, therefore sensor will
On termination point of anchor rod.
Excitation set is hammered into shape using power, because the hardness of tup has a significant impact to test result, so the hard journey of tup
Degree must is fulfilled for needs.Tup is harder, and the energy carried during shock is more, and the more mode of anchor pole will be energized out,
Frequency spectrum is wider, and the pulse width of power is narrow.In the present invention, it is necessary to collection is first-order modal, thus exciting is avoided to go out as far as possible
High order mode, and sensor sensitivity in itself is higher, so wrapping up rubber peel on power hammer tup, reduces the hard journey of tup
Degree, it is to avoid distorted signals is caused beyond transducer range, while the mode that can be needed again.
In embodiment, the sample frequency of sensor is set to 1000 hertz.First a segment signal is surveyed in examination before official testing, is sentenced
Whether the influence of disconnected now extraneous vibration is sufficiently small, when signal fluctuation very little, it is believed that meets and requires, can formally start to survey
Examination.The termination of anchor pole is tapped using power hammer, its vibration acceleration signal is gathered.
The single order component of acceleration of vibration acceleration signal is obtained using interpretive model decomposition method, then it is integrated is obtained
Single order displacement component；Make Hilbert transform to single order displacement component, obtain the frequency-amplitude curve of anchor pole；
The amplitude-frequency curve under grade is loaded at certain by analyzing an anchor pole, illustrates that anchor pole is being anchored to a certain degree
Nonlinear vibration characteristics under unsticking.
The signal definition that acceleration transducer is collected is SJ1-A-20.
Vibration signal initial segment is subject to the interference that hammers, it is necessary to be intercepted to data, and that removes that signal is disturbed is initial
Section, leaves pure free vibration part.Recycle direct method periodogram functions to check the power spectrum of signal, obtain signal
Fundamental frequency, is shown in Figure 14,15.
14,15 power spectrum signal can be seen that power hammer taps the preceding two ranks oscillating component for having motivated anchor pole from the graph.
From the definition of the characteristic and instantaneous frequency of Hilbert transform, the signal for carrying out Hilbert transform is necessary for simple component letter
Number, so original signal must be separated, become simple component signal.Now there are some researches show fundamental frequency energy accounts for gross energy
80%, i.e. single order oscillating component can carry most of energy of signal, therefore it is special to carry out Non-Linear Vibration using single order oscillating component
The analysis of property.Check that power spectrum can obtain the fundamental frequency of signal in 493Hz or so, and the second order frequency is left in 1436Hz
It is right, it is possible to which that the method decomposed using AMD removes high order component, only retain the first order component.Setting signal is up and down blocked
During frequency, upper and lower cut frequency difference is bigger, and the distorted signals after decomposition is smaller.Due to the second order frequency of signal one that experiment is obtained
Relatively far apart, thus lower-frequency limit is set to 450 hertz, the upper limit is set to 550 hertz.Using being checked after AMD method decomposed signals
Whether the first order signal and its power spectrum isolated, inspection signal separate totally.The first order component obtained after decomposition is shown in Figure 16, figure
17。
Be can be seen that from Figure 16, Figure 17 becomes more uniform and smooth by the signal after resolution process, and power spectrum
For unimodal, illustrate to be successfully separated out the first order component of former acceleration signal.The single order acceleration signal integration that will be isolated
Displacement signal is can obtain twice.Time interval should be multiplied by after integration every time, i.e., divided by sample frequency 1000Hz.Single order acceleration is believed
Number by once integrating the rate signal that obtains and by integrating the displacement signal for obtaining twice respectively as shown in Figure 18, Figure 19.
According to Hilbert transform characteristic, when nonlinear analysis is carried out to single order displacement signal, in time-frequency curve from beginning to end
Will appear from more obvious " end effect ".In order to solve this problem, the present invention using image method to displacement signal at
Manage to reduce influence of the end effect to signal.Shaken by Hilbert transform again after mirror image processing is carried out to displacement signal
Width envelope time-histories figure and instantaneous frequency time history figure, as shown in Figure 20, Figure 21.
As shown in Figure 20, Figure 21,1/3 section of the centre of mirror image data is original signal data, by after mirror image processing, end points
Effect is suppressed, and efficiently reduces error.But the center section of amplitude over time curve and frequency versus time curve is still
There are but small oscillations, because analysis purpose is to find the variation tendency of curve, therefore amplitude over time curve can be carried out smooth
Treatment, its linear trend is taken to frequency versus time curve, and the curve after so treating can accurate reaction truth.
According to the theory of nonlinear oscillation, the changing value of frequency is relevant with amplitude, so compare anchor pole vibrates letter under different anchoring unstickings
Number nonlinear vibration characteristics difference when, it is necessary to take same-amplitude interval in frequency situation of change be compared.Amplitude is interval
Corresponding time interval is correspond to, should be noted that the instantaneous frequency in corresponding this time interval can not when amplitude interval is chosen
There is larger fluctuation, such frequency change is only real frequency change.The instantaneous frequency for having larger fluctuation is signal transacting
Non-real real frequency change caused by method.See Figure 22 by the amplitude-frequency curve after the treatment of frequency linearity trend.
As can be seen from Figure 22, with the increase of amplitude, instantaneous frequency is being reduced, here it is above-mentioned anchor of the invention
The nonlinear vibration characteristics of bar, the changing value of frequency is in selected amplitude needs the nonlinear vibration characteristics tried to achieve to refer to
Mark.In the case of small amplitude, when amplitude increases, reinforcing bar is increasing the present embodiment with the friction at cement mortar interface, friction consumption
Can increase, so the frequency reduction of anchor pole.With the decay of free vibration, amplitude is tapered into, and friction energy-dissipating reduces, anchor pole
Frequency returns to original size again.
Because there is difference on the frequency in the starting point of each curve, it has not been convenient to which the Non-Linear Vibration for comparing anchor pole not homogeneous test signal is special
Property, so the amplitude-frequency curve to obtaining is normalized, the ordinate of curve is subtracted occur on curve vertical
Curvilinear translation, i.e., obtained curve as shown in figure 23 by coordinate maximum to being starting point with zero.Two curves in Figure 23 and Figure 22
Variation tendency is identical, and the change of the amplitude-frequency curve that unlike signal is obtained can be easily compared after normalized
Trend and nonlinear vibration characteristics index.
Its Non-Linear Vibration degree is judged according to frequency-amplitude curve；According to Non-Linear Vibration degree, unsticking knowledge is carried out
Not.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is clear that those skilled in the art
Member can carry out various changes and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to the present invention.So, if of the invention
These modifications and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then the present invention is also intended to comprising these
Including change and modification.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking, it is characterised in that：Including acceleration transducer, signal collecting device and point
Analysis processing module, the acceleration transducer is used to gather the vibration acceleration signal after anchor pole is energized, vibration acceleration letter
Number it is input to analysis and processing module via the signal collecting device；The analysis and processing module uses interpretive model decomposition method
The single order component of acceleration of vibration acceleration signal is obtained, it is integrated and is obtained single order displacement component；Analysis and processing module is to one
Rank displacement component makees Hilbert transform, obtains the frequency-amplitude curve of anchor pole；Its non-thread is judged according to frequency-amplitude curve
Property extent of vibration；According to Non-Linear Vibration degree, unsticking identification is carried out.
2. a kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Using power hammer excitation anchor
Bar, needs to tap the termination of anchor pole during vibration.
3. a kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：On the power hammer tup
It is enclosed with elastomeric skin layer.
4. a kind of system for detecting anchor pole unsticking according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Displacement signal is used
Image method is processed, and Hilbert transform is then carried out again.
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| CN108051856A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of time-frequency domain Fluid Identification Method based on AMD-HHT |
| CN111103358A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-05 | 南昌大学 | Tunnel shotcrete quality detection method and system |
| CN111103358B (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2021-08-31 | 南昌大学 | Tunnel shotcrete quality detection method and system |
| CN113295377A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-24 | 上海机电工程研究所 | Non-linear shaking test method and system based on analytic mode decomposition |
| CN113465732A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-01 | 重庆大学 | Vibration table structure displacement response prediction method and device based on EMD-DNN |
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