CN106840869A - A kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes - Google Patents
A kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes, step is as follows:1:Selection aluminium alloy plate simultaneously designs sample coupon;2:Structure mechanics analysis are carried out to sample coupon;3:The cloth patch fiber-optic grating sensor on aluminium alloy sheet;4:Fiber grating reflection spectrum images are carried out with axial stress quadratic power, three cubed emulation;5:Carry out fatigue crack propagation test;6:Signal to sensor collection is processed;7:Repeat step 15, the method set up in verification step 6;8:Differentiate whether crackle expands to the sensing station, realize the function of real-time monitoring Crack Extension situation;By above step, a kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method research for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes is realized.The research effect of diagnosis hole-edge crack length has been reached, the orientation problem on aluminium alloy plate hole-edge crack length in engineer applied has been solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention provide a kind of hole-edge crack comprehensive diagnos sides for being based on two kinds of cloth patch fiber grating spectral image analysis it
It is related to a kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes to study, i.e., to gold
The structure damage monitorings such as category, composite, and in particular to fiber-optic grating sensor is to aluminium alloy sheet crack Propagation situation
Comprehensive monitoring, this method belongs to structural health monitoring field.
Background technology
The use of aluminum alloy materials is quite varied in aeronautic structure metal material, currently for the structure of aircraft structural component
Fatigue crack initiation and the monitoring problem for extending, still without a kind of very ripe monitoring method.Once splitting occurs in structural detail
Line, if can not carry out effective monitoring can cause extremely serious consequence.Structural health monitoring technology passes through intelligence as one kind
The technology of energy Sensor monitoring structural health can realize the function of real time on-line monitoring compared with traditional Non-Destructive Testing.
In addition the fiber-optic grating sensor light weight of present invention use, environment resistant interference performance are strong, it is considered to be 21 century most dives
One of sensor of power.The present invention pastes fiber-optic grating sensor to monitor aluminium alloy plate hole side by the cloth on perforated metal sheet
Crack Extension situation, with the extension of crackle, fiber grating perceives heterogeneous strain can gradually be increased, and can cause fiber grating
There is " chirp " phenomenon in spectrum picture, when increasing to a certain extent, it will multi-peak phenomenon occur, as follows peak-to-peak etc., in addition
Position, halfwidth, secondary peak peak position of fiber grating reflectance spectrum centre wavelength etc. can also change, these and fiber grating cloth
The cube of the axial strain that patch region is perceived is relevant, and this is also structural crack to be extended by fiber-optic grating sensor carry out
The key of monitoring.
There are some researches show the research currently for FBG monitoring aluminium alloy plate hole-edge crack is also rested on to optical fiber light
In the relation that the strain that gate sensor is perceived is set up with Crack Extension, but this method can not explain that crackle is produced from Optical Mechanism
It is raw with development to the influence of fiber grating spectrum change in itself.In cloth patch mode, the present invention is different from other cloth patch methods,
Using axial cloth patch by the way of horizontal cloth patch is combined.This cloth patch mode is changed on the basis of single cloth patch mode
The result entered, the change of the compression that what it can be more sensitive perceive around plank and tension.
This patent fully takes into account the problem that above-mentioned fiber-optic grating sensor monitors aluminium alloy plate hole-edge crack, proposes a kind of
Hole-edge crack diagnostic method research based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that one kind is based on fiber grating spectrum picture point under two kinds of cloth patch modes
The hole-edge crack diagnostic method research of analysis.The present invention sets up fiber grating (FBG) based on experimental analysis by theoretical research
Sensor spectrum picture changes and the relation between the presence or absence of crackle, in conjunction with the correct of the experiment show diagnostic method
Property, wherein the crack-type monitored is generally I type crackle.
A kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes of the present invention, its
Flow chart such as Fig. 1, specific implementation step is as follows:
Step 1:Choice experiment material 2024-T3 aluminium alloy plates simultaneously design sample coupon, in sample coupon central area prefabricated
Determine the centre bore of diameter and in the prefabricated certain length crackle in hole side;
Step 2:Structure mechanics analysis are carried out to sample coupon, it is determined that extraneous loading environment (such as load type) and sample coupon material
Relevant parameters such as material, elastic modelling quantity etc.;According to fixed experimental condition, finite element emulation software ANSYS is utilized to testpieces
Software carries out Finite Element Simulation Analysis, obtains Crack Extension to the stress distribution feelings of crack tip enclosure region under certain length
Condition;
Step 3:The cloth patch fiber-optic grating sensor on aluminium alloy 2024-T3 thin plates;
According to aluminium alloy plate hole edge area Crack Extension situation, light is pasted with cloth on vertical direction parallel with Crack Extension
Fiber grating sensor, makes direction of crack propagation for x-axis, and the direction vertical with direction of crack propagation is y-axis, according to above-mentioned finite element
Simulation result, the position (x of optimization layout fiber-optic grating sensori,yi), become apparent from the fiber-optic grating sensor of arrangement
Perception crack tip vertical and horizontal heterogeneous strain change;
Step 4:Fiber grating reflection spectrum images are carried out with axial stress quadratic power, three cubed emulation, and will emulation
Result is compared with real reflection spectrum images, finds the three cubed simulation result of axial stress with real image more
It is close, therefore one can consider that fiber grating is mainly subject to the three cubed influence of axial stress.
Step 5:The aluminium alloy sheet that fiber-optic grating sensor is posted by more than carries out fatigue on fatigue tester
Crack expansion test, before fatigue tester loading, gathers the signal of fiber-optic grating sensor as initial signal;With fatigue
The carrying out of loading, hole-edge crack starts extension, now long by the crackle under the different circulation cycles of light microscope real time record
Spend and gather the spectrum picture that different crack lengths are satisfied under load using U.S. low-light SM125;
Step 6:After completing experiment, the signal to sensor collection is processed;Main Analysis treatment Fibre Optical Sensor is adopted
The signal data for collecting, change of the analysis fiber-optic grating sensor reflectance spectrum after during crackle is passed through before fiber-optic grating sensor
Situation, sets up based on fiber grating reflectance spectrum change under two kinds of cloth patch modes to monitor the side of aluminium alloy plate hole-edge crack extension
Method;
Step 7:Repeat step 1-5, and the response signal collected for fiber-optic grating sensor under various sample carries out
Analysis, the method set up in verification step 6;
Step 8:During actual monitoring, changed according to diverse location fiber-optic grating sensor reflectance spectrum, differentiate crackle
Whether the sensing station is expanded to, the function of real-time monitoring Crack Extension situation is realized.
Wherein, described in step 1 " choice experiment material 2024-T3 aluminium alloy plates simultaneously design sample coupon ", its practice
It is as follows:In airframe material based on aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, but the price of titanium alloy itself is higher, therefore laboratory is normal
It is experiment material frequently with aluminum alloy materials, the present invention uses aviation common used material 2024-T3 Al-alloy parts as experiment
Material.In design experiment part we using platelet checking by the way of, this design it is fairly simple can also to a high degree
Simulation truth, design size be 300*100*2 (mm).
Wherein, described in step 2 " carrying out structure mechanics analysis to sample coupon ", its practice is as follows:It is experimental
The elastic modelling quantity of material, and two ends pretightning force 75Mpa, the power size born at sheet material two ends can be calculated.And according to
Under static load loading environment, sheet material side is subject to be similar to uniform loading force, and the other end does not stress.Additionally due to two ends accommodate
Effect, cause the free end number of sheet material to reduce, these analysis results are required for being used in step 2 finite element analysis.This
Outward, the result of above-mentioned analysis is imported into ANSYS softwares, and utilizing works CAD software carries out 3D modeling, and model is imported
In ANSYS softwares, grid drawing is carried out according to correlation step, finally give crack tip plastic zone stressing conditions.
Wherein, it is described in step 4 " axial stress quadratic power, cube to be carried out to fiber grating reflection spectrum images
Emulation ", its practice is as follows:The reflectance spectrum under unequal stress is calculated using MATLAB softwares, it is first determined optical fiber light
The original bragg wavelength of grid, effective refractive index, average index, length, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, elasto-optical coefficient etc..Then band
Entering formula carries out theoretical prediction, reflective spectral response situation of the fiber grating under heterogeneous strain.
Wherein, described in step 6 " signal to sensor collection is processed ", its practice is as follows:By electronic display
Micro mirror visual record to the picture of crack length classified according to the distance between fiber-optic grating sensor, according to low-light
The reflectance spectrum image of the fiber-optic grating sensor that static fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator SM125 instruments are collected, comprising inscribing light when this
The txt file of spectrum information, imported into MATLAB softwares and is processed, and sets up transverse axis for wavelength, and the longitudinal axis is fiber grating reflection
Image near the image of rate, and Selection Center wavelength is amplified, and observes its image change rule situation.
By above step, realize a kind of hole side for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes and split
Line diagnostic method is studied.The research effect of diagnosis hole-edge crack length is reached, has been solved in engineer applied on aluminium alloy plate
The orientation problem of hole-edge crack length.
A kind of hole-edge crack error comprehensive diagnosis method based on fiber spectrum graphical analysis of the present invention, the advantage is that:
(1) method for monitoring aluminium alloy plate hole-edge crack for axial cloth patch fiber-optic grating sensors most of at present, adopts
It is this to a certain extent to make up individually axial direction cloth patch and horizontal cloth patch not with the mode being axially and transversely combined
Foot.
(2) way of the common strain perceived according to fiber-optic grating sensor and Crack Extension opening relationships is different from,
But to spectrum picture, feature is analyzed in itself, the relation set up between fiber grating reflection spectrum images and Crack Extension.
This is a kind of monitoring method based on Optical Mechanism, with certain physical significance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method for the invention flow chart.
The master-plan schematic diagram that Fig. 2 is provided for the present invention.
Testpieces specification schematic diagram in Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention.
Fibre Optical Sensor arrangement schematic diagram in Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 (a) receives reflectance spectrum during axial stress quadratic power for fiber grating.
Fig. 5 (b) receives reflectance spectrum during axial stress quadratic power for fiber grating.
Fig. 5 (c) receives reflectance spectrum during axial stress cube for fiber grating.
Fig. 5 (d) receives reflectance spectrum during axial stress cube for fiber grating.
Fig. 6 (a) is the FBG sensor of horizontal cloth patch, change curve of the crackle through sensor front-rear center wavelength.
Fig. 6 (b) is the FBG sensor of horizontal cloth patch, change curve of the crackle through sensor front-rear center wavelength.
Fig. 6 (c) is the FBG sensor of longitudinal cloth patch, change curve of the crackle through sensor front-rear center wavelength.
Fig. 6 (d) is the FBG sensor of longitudinal cloth patch, change curve of the crackle through sensor front-rear center wavelength.
Sequence number, symbol, code name are described as follows in figure:
ε=5z in Fig. 5 (a)2;ε=10z in Fig. 5 (b)2;ε=10z in Fig. 5 (c)3;ε=70z in Fig. 5 (d)3。
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.It is based on the invention provides one kind
The hole-edge crack diagnostic method of fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes, the overall process schematic diagram of the method is such as
Shown in Fig. 2.
A kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes of the present invention, such as
Shown in Fig. 1, implement as follows:
The first step, selection sample coupon aluminium alloy sheet is as shown in figure 3, its model specification:Aluminium alloy (model 2024-T3),
300*100*2(mm).In order to occur crack Propagation phenomenon quickly, a diameter of phi is provided with the center of aluminium alloy sheet
The circular hole of 10mm, at the same hole right side parallel to the crackle prefabricated 3mm in direction of short axle long.
Second step, structure mechanics analysis are carried out to sample coupon monitoring position, determine that Crack Extension is arrived by finite element simulation
The stress distribution situation of the crack tip region under specific length.It is determined that experiment maximum load stress is 75MPa, stress ratio is
0.1, loading frequency is 3Hz.According to fixed experimental condition, finite element simulation point is carried out using ANSYS softwares to sample coupon
Analysis, obtains Crack Extension to the stress distribution situation of crack tip enclosure region under different length.
3rd step, the cloth patch fiber-optic grating sensor on aluminium alloy 2024-T3 thin plates.
It is x-axis along direction of crack propagation with breach top as origin, the direction vertical with direction of crack propagation is y-axis.Root
The heterogeneous strain perceived in crack tip plastic zone is can be seen that than larger according to the result of second step finite element simulation,
At the 4mm positions of crack tip x-axis direction, the heterogeneous strain perceived at the 1-2mm of y-axis direction is than larger.Therefore, we are in monitoring
During crackle, horizontal cloth patch fiber grating mode is being taken at precrack x-axis direction 4mm, its coordinate is (4, -2), vertical
On direction of principal axis, we are beginning to take on axial cloth patch fiber grating in monitoring crack at precrack x-axis direction 2mm
Mode, its coordinate be (2,0), (4,0), (6,0), (8,0), as shown in Figure 4.
4th step, is subject to reflection spectrum images when axial stress quadratic power, cube to emulate fiber grating, and
Simulation result is compared with real reflection spectrum images, finds to be obtained when fiber grating is subject to axial stress cube
Reflection spectrum images simulation result with real reflection spectrum images more closely, therefore one can consider that fiber grating master
The three cubed influence of axial stress is subject to, shown in such as Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 5 (b) Fig. 5 (c) and Fig. 5 (d).
5th step, the aluminium alloy sheet that will be disposed with FBG sensor is loaded on fatigue tester, before being tested,
Need to debug FBG sensor, including whether the collection of test sensor signal normal, tester whether normal work
Deng.Loading environment, whenever Crack Extension 1mm, just records crack length a as described in the first step, and loaded cycle number simultaneously gathers FBG biographies
The reflectance spectrum of sensor.
6th step, after completing experiment, the signal to sensor collection is processed.Main Analysis FBG sensor is collected
Reflectance spectrum signal data, analysis reflectance spectrum in change of the secondary peak peak position after during crackle is passed through before FBG sensor
Situation, sets up the method based on the monitoring aluminium alloy plate hole-edge crack extension of reflectance spectrum secondary peak peak position.When Crack Extension to FBG is passed
When after in before sensor, FBG sensor perceives non-homogeneous strain, and with the increase of non-homogeneous strain, centre wavelength is rectangular to long wave
Broadened to drift, halfwidth, fiber grating spectrum picture " chirp " phenomenon, fiber-optic grating sensor reflectance spectrum occurs and secondary peak occurs
Peak phenomenon, by the change of comparative study laterally and longitudinally fiber grating reflectance spectrum time peak position and quantity, with the expansion of crackle
Exhibition, horizontal cloth patch fiber-optic grating sensor reflectance spectrum secondary peak peak increasing number, and the left side of main peak is appeared in, passing through FBG mistakes
Cheng Zhong, secondary peak appears in the right side of main peak, and after through FBG, recovering in the left side of main peak again occurs in secondary peak.Pasted for axial cloth
Fiber grating for, reflectance spectrum secondary peak occur position crackle pass through FBG before and after with horizontal cloth paste fiber grating it is opposite.
It is that crack length passes through the FBG sensor that position is (4,0) when being 4mm as shown in Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) Fig. 6 (c) and Fig. 6 (d)
The situation of change of front and rear secondary peak peak position.
7th step, repeat step 1-5, and the response signal collected for fiber-optic grating sensor under various sample are carried out
Analysis, the method set up in verification step 6
8th step, in actual monitoring process, the position of the FBG sensor reflectance spectrum time peak-to-peak of position is pasted according to different cloth
Put and may determine that whether crackle expands to the grating region, realize the function of crack length real-time monitoring.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes, its feature exists
In:Specific implementation step is as follows:
Step 1:Choice experiment material 2024-T3 aluminium alloy plates simultaneously design sample coupon, prefabricated certain straight in sample coupon central area
The centre bore in footpath and in the prefabricated certain length crackle in hole side;
Step 2:Structure mechanics analysis are carried out to sample coupon, it is determined that extraneous loading environment and sample coupon material, elastic modelling quantity are related
Parameter;According to fixed experimental condition, finite element simulation point is carried out using finite element emulation software ANSYS softwares to testpieces
Analysis, obtains Crack Extension to the stress distribution situation of crack tip enclosure region under certain length;
Step 3:The cloth patch fiber-optic grating sensor on aluminium alloy 2024-T3 thin plates;
According to aluminium alloy plate hole edge area Crack Extension situation, optical fiber light is pasted with cloth on vertical direction parallel with Crack Extension
Gate sensor, makes direction of crack propagation for x-axis, and the direction vertical with direction of crack propagation is y-axis, according to above-mentioned finite element simulation
As a result, the position (x of optimization layout fiber-optic grating sensori,yi), the fiber-optic grating sensor of arrangement is more obviously perceived and split
The change of the vertical and horizontal heterogeneous strain at line tip;
Step 4:Fiber grating reflection spectrum images are carried out with axial stress quadratic power, three cubed emulation, and by simulation result
It is compared with real reflection spectrum images, it is found that the three cubed simulation result of axial stress more connects with real image
Closely, therefore it is considered that fiber grating mainly be subject to the three cubed influence of axial stress;
Step 5:The aluminium alloy sheet that fiber-optic grating sensor is posted by more than carries out fatigue crack on fatigue tester
Expanding test, before fatigue tester loading, gathers the signal of fiber-optic grating sensor as initial signal;With fatigue loading
Carrying out, hole-edge crack starts extension, by the crack length under the different circulation cycle of light microscope real time record simultaneously now
The spectrum picture that different crack lengths are satisfied under load is gathered using U.S. low-light SM125;
Step 6:After completing experiment, the signal to sensor collection is processed;Main Analysis treatment Fibre Optical Sensor is collected
Signal data, analysis change feelings of the fiber-optic grating sensor reflectance spectrum after during crackle is passed through before fiber-optic grating sensor
Condition, the method for setting up based on fiber grating reflectance spectrum change under two kinds of cloth patch modes to monitor the extension of aluminium alloy plate hole-edge crack;
Step 7:Repeat step 1-5, and be analyzed for the response signal that fiber-optic grating sensor under various sample is collected,
The method set up in verification step 6;
Step 8:During actual monitoring, changed according to diverse location fiber-optic grating sensor reflectance spectrum, whether differentiate crackle
The sensing station is expanded to, the function of real-time monitoring Crack Extension situation is realized;
By above step, realize a kind of hole-edge crack for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes and examine
Disconnected technique study, has reached the research effect of diagnosis hole-edge crack length, solves in engineer applied on aluminium alloy plate hole side
The orientation problem of crack length.
2. a kind of hole-edge crack for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes according to claim 1
Diagnostic method, it is characterised in that:In step 1 described " choice experiment material 2024-T3 aluminium alloy plates simultaneously design sample coupon ",
Its practice is as follows:In airframe material based on aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, but the price of titanium alloy itself is higher, therefore real
It is experiment material to test room and usually use aluminum alloy materials, uses aviation common used material 2024-T3 Al-alloy parts as experiment
Material;In design experiment part we using platelet checking by the way of, this design it is fairly simple can also to a high degree
Simulation truth, design size is 300*100*2mm.
3. a kind of hole-edge crack for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes according to claim 1
Diagnostic method, it is characterised in that:In step 2 described " carrying out structure mechanics analysis to sample coupon ", its practice is as follows:According to
The elastic modelling quantity of the material of experiment, and two ends pretightning force 75Mpa, calculate the power size born at sheet material two ends;And root
According under static load loading environment, sheet material side is subject to be similar to uniform loading force, and the other end does not stress;Additionally due to two ends add
The effect held, causes the free end number of sheet material to reduce, and these analysis results are required for being used in step 2 finite element analysis;
Additionally, the result of above-mentioned analysis is imported into ANSYS softwares, and utilizing works CAD software carries out 3D modeling, and model is led
Enter in ANSYS softwares, grid drawing is carried out according to correlation step, finally give crack tip plastic zone stressing conditions.
4. a kind of hole-edge crack for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes according to claim 1
Diagnostic method, it is characterised in that:It is described in step 4 " fiber grating reflection spectrum images are carried out axial stress quadratic power,
Three cubed emulation ", its practice is as follows:The reflectance spectrum under unequal stress is calculated using MATLAB softwares, it is first determined
The original bragg wavelength of fiber grating, effective refractive index, average index, length, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, elasto-optical coefficient;So
After bring formula into and be predicted, reflective spectral response situation of the fiber grating under heterogeneous strain.
5. a kind of hole-edge crack for being based on fiber grating spectral image analysis under two kinds of cloth patch modes according to claim 1
Diagnostic method, it is characterised in that:In step 6 described " signal to sensor collection is processed ", its practice is as follows:Will
Electron microscope visual record to the picture of crack length classified according to the distance between fiber-optic grating sensor, root
According to the reflectance spectrum image of the low-light static state fiber-optic grating sensor that collects of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator SM125 instruments, comprising this when
The txt file of spectral information is inscribed, is imported into MATLAB softwares and is processed, set up transverse axis for wavelength, the longitudinal axis is optical fiber light
Image near the image of grid reflectivity, and Selection Center wavelength is amplified, and observes its image change rule situation.
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CN108562490A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-09-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Crack Damage monitoring based on FBG sensor array spectral and strain field measurement method |
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CN108896549A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-11-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of Method for Cracks of transverse direction cloth patch fiber grating spectral signature parameter variation |
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CN108613870A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-10-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of Method for Cracks for pasting fiber grating spectral signature parameter based on axial cloth |
CN108896549A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-11-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of Method for Cracks of transverse direction cloth patch fiber grating spectral signature parameter variation |
CN108562490A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-09-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Crack Damage monitoring based on FBG sensor array spectral and strain field measurement method |
CN110705650A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-17 | 深制科技(苏州)有限公司 | Metal plate layout method based on deep learning |
CN110705650B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2023-10-24 | 深制科技(苏州)有限公司 | Sheet metal layout method based on deep learning |
CN113554613A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 | Image processing method and device based on fractal theory |
CN113554613B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2024-03-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 | Image processing method and device based on fractal theory |
CN117169139A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 北京科技大学 | Glass curtain wall structural adhesive mechanical property identification method based on reflection hyperspectrum |
CN117169139B (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-26 | 北京科技大学 | Glass curtain wall structural adhesive mechanical property identification method based on reflection hyperspectrum |
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