A kind of nanofiber mats and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to nano material and photocatalysis technology field, it is related to a kind of nanofiber mats and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Water pollution turned into the major issue urgently to be resolved hurrily of facing mankind, since the Fujishima hairs of Japan in 1972
Article of the table on photochemical catalytic oxidation research, the photochemical catalytic oxidation material for being capable of degradation of contaminant turns into study hotspot.Wherein,
Titanium dioxide has the advantages that catalysis activity is high, price is low, stable chemical performance, nontoxic, non-secondary pollution.Especially nanoscale
Titanium dioxide, its high specific surface area and small-size effect drastically increase catalytic efficiency, become and most should at present
With the catalysis material of potentiality.But to there are three aspects in the nano particle of titanium dioxide difficult in actual applications:First, at sewage
During reason, because its particle is extremely tiny, easily reunite, cause TiO2Strongly reduced with the effective contact area of sewage, dropped
Solution efficiency reduction.2nd, after the completion of sewage disposal, separate, reclaim difficult, catalyst is difficult to reuse, and easily causes secondary
Pollution.3rd, cannot be difficult using the pollutant of simple method for calcinating removal absorption, regeneration.Above deficiency limits its reality
The extension of application.
At present, to avoid the problem above, common method from having following two:First, using sol-gel-biofilm-drying-forge
The method of burning, is loaded on the activated carbon, glass, metal, ceramic material in shapes such as ball, piece, pipe, fibers.But due to attached
Put forth effort not strong, need to could realize certain load capacity through repeatedly coating-calcining, and gained TiO2Grain size is in multiple high temp
It is difficult to control to after calcining, causes photocatalytic activity to lose.2nd, directly by TiO2Nano particle is scattered in polymer, is made and is received
Nano composite material.But dispersion effect is not good, and catalyst reduces with effective contact area of pollutant, so as to cause catalysis activity
Reduce.Meanwhile, with polymer as carrier, it is impossible to regenerate it by calcining.
Compared with nano particle, nanofiber has bigger specific surface area, and easily implements in engineer applied.Together
When, it is difficult to reunite in sewage, it is easy to separate and reclaim.In numerous preparation methods, electrostatic spinning technique is that one kind can be advised greatly
Mould continuously prepares the effective ways of sub-micron-nanofiber.First, the dissolved colloidal state electrostatic spinning liquid containing Ti sources is prepared, then
Nanometer precursor fibre is prepared by electrostatic spinning technique, then nano-TiO is obtained through calcining2Fiber.It is prepared by existing electrostatic spinning
TiO2In nanofiber process, the polymer spinning-aid agent in precursor fibre typically constitutes more than the 20wt% of gross mass, when forging
Larger mass loss is formed during burning, causes TiO2Nanofiber low yield.Meanwhile, the micro-molecular gas for being pyrolyzed generation are more,
Cause the gained very easy brittle failure of fibrofelt.
So far, not yet have with preferable intensity and flexible TiO2The related report of nanofiber mats preparation method
Road.
The content of the invention
For existing TiO2The problem above that catalyst is present, the present invention provides a kind of nanofiber mats and its preparation side
Method, to reduce the addition of polymer spinning-aid agent, improves the yield of nanofiber.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:A kind of preparation method of nanofiber mats, including:
Prepare and include TiO2Presoma, SiO2The colloidal sol of presoma and spinning-aid agent is used as spinning solution;
Then presoma nanofiber mats are prepared using electrostatic spinning technique;
Drying, in atmosphere intensification calcining, are obtained TiO2/SiO2Composite nanometer fiber felt.
In a specific embodiment, the spinning solution collocation method is:Spinning-aid agent is dissolved in organic solvent, so
After sequentially add SiO2Presoma, deionized water, hydrolysis inhibitor, TiO2Presoma, continuing to stir to be obtained has certain viscosity
Spinning solution.
In a specific embodiment, the TiO2Presoma includes isopropyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride, butyl titanate
With one or more combination in titanium sulfate;The SiO2Presoma includes ethyl orthosilicate.
In a specific embodiment, the spinning-aid agent is polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene pyrrole
One or more combination in pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol oxide (PEO) and polypropylene (PP);The organic solvent be methyl alcohol,
One or more combination in ethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, isopropanol;The hydrolysis inhibitor is
The HCl solution of 0.1~1mol/L, the HNO of 0.1~1mol/L3Solution, glacial acetic acid, one or more combination of oxalic acid.
In a specific embodiment, in the spinning solution, Ti elements are 6 with the mol ratio of Si elements:1~1:3;
Spinning-aid agent:(SiO2Presoma+TiO2Presoma) mass ratio be 1:100~10:100.
In a specific embodiment, organic solvent:(SiO2Presoma+TiO2Presoma)=1:6~1:3 (quality
Than);Hydrolysis inhibitor:TiO2Presoma=1:1~4:1 (mol ratio);Deionized water:SiO2Presoma=4:1~1:1 (mole
Than).
In a specific embodiment, electrospinning conditions are:Syringe needle internal diameter be 0.5~1.5mm, voltage be 12~
25kV, spinning head is 10~30cm with the distance of flat board/roller wire drawing device, and feeding rate is 10~30 μ l/min, spinning environment
Temperature is 15~35 DEG C, and relative humidity is 40%~70%.
In a specific embodiment, calcination condition is:In air, it is warming up to the heating rate of 1~10 DEG C/min
400~800 DEG C, and it is incubated 1~4h.
A kind of nanofiber mats that the present invention is provided, are TiO2/SiO2Composite nanometer fiber felt, TiO2And SiO2Mole
Than being 6:1~1:3, TiO2Predominantly Detitanium-ore-type, SiO2It is unformed shape.A diameter of 300~500nm of fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has following outstanding advantages:Presoma conversion method is prepared ceramic skill by the present invention
Art and electrostatic spinning technique are combined, and prepare TiO2/SiO2Composite nanometer fiber felt.Add silicon molten in spinning solution containing Ti
Glue, to reduce the consumption of polymer spinning-aid agent.By the way that the addition of polymer spinning-aid agent is greatly decreased, nanometer is effectively improved
The yield of fiber.
TiO of the invention2/SiO2Composite nano fiber can effectively degrade organic contamination in sewage under ultraviolet light
Thing.And composite fibre can be separated with the water after treatment by filtering or being centrifuged, realize the recovery of catalyst, the rate of recovery exists
More than 95%.By the fiber after recovery in atmosphere, regeneration is capable of achieving after more than 200 DEG C calcining 1h, and still keeps the identical to have
Organic pollutants degradation efficiency.
Present invention process is simple, and production efficiency is high, gained nanoscale TiO2/SiO2Composite fibre has intensity higher, good
Good pliability.Photocatalysis degradation organic contaminant performance is good, and regeneration and cyclicity are good.Can be used as dirty in degradation water or air
Contaminate the photochemical catalyst of thing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the TiO prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 12/SiO2The optical photograph of composite nano fiber;
Fig. 2 is the TiO prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 22/SiO2The optical photograph of composite nano fiber;
Fig. 3 is the TiO prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 32/SiO2The thermogravimetric curve of composite nano fiber pyrolytic process;
Fig. 4 is the TiO prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 12/SiO2The stereoscan photograph of composite nano fiber;
Fig. 5 is the TiO prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 12/SiO2The XRD of composite nano fiber.
Specific embodiment
In a detailed embodiment, TiO of the invention2/SiO2Composite nanometer fiber felt preparation process is as follows:
(1) electrostatic spinning solution is prepared:
First spinning-aid agent is dissolved in organic solvent, is stirred to being completely dissolved, ethyl orthosilicate is then added dropwise thereto successively
(TEOS), deionized water, hydrolysis inhibitor, TiO2Presoma, continues to stir 5~12h, obtains pale yellow transparent, uniform and tool
There is the spinning solution of certain viscosity.
Preferably, by TEOS:TiO2Presoma=6:1~1:3 (mol ratios);Spinning-aid agent:(TEOS+TiO2Presoma)=
1:100~10:100 (mass ratioes);Organic solvent:(TEOS+TiO2Presoma)=1:6~1:3 (mass ratioes);Hydrolysis suppresses
Agent:TiO2Presoma=1:1~4:1 (mol ratio);Deionized water:TEOS=4:1~1:1 (mol ratio).
(2) electrostatic spinning:Above-mentioned gained spinning solution is added in the syringe of electrospinning device, and is carried out continuous
Electrostatic spinning, obtains certain thickness presoma micro nanometer fiber felt.
Preferably, electrospinning conditions are:Syringe needle internal diameter is 0.5~1.5mm, and voltage is 12~25kV, spinning head with it is flat
The distance of plate/roller wire drawing device is 10~30cm, and feeding rate is 10~30 μ l/min.Spinning environment temperature is 15~35 DEG C,
Relative humidity is 40%~70%.
(3) dried process:Above-mentioned gained fibrofelt is warming up to 100 with the heating rate of 5~20 DEG C/min in an oven
~150 DEG C, and 1~3h is incubated, residual solvent is thoroughly volatilized.
(4) high-temperature calcination (transformation of precursor fibre ceramic):By above-mentioned gained fibrofelt in Muffle furnace, air atmosphere
Under, 400~800 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 1~10 DEG C/min, and be incubated 1~4h, that is, obtain white TiO2/SiO2Nanometer
Composite fibrofelt.
Below by way of specific embodiment and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention be not limited to it is following
Embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) under the conditions of magnetic agitation, 0.33g polyethylene glycol oxides are dissolved in 2.65g dimethylformamides, stirring is to complete
Uniform mixing, is slowly added dropwise 2.1g ethyl orthosilicates, 0.72g deionized waters successively, 2.4g acetic acid, 3.4g butyl titanates, after
Continuous stirring 5h, obtains the pale yellow transparent spinning solution with certain viscosity.
(2) spinning solution obtained as above is loaded into electrostatic spinning apparatus, spinnerette diameters are 1.0mm, sets output voltage
It is 14kV, feeding rate is 16 μ l/min, receives flight lead from being 20cm, and room temperature, humidity is 50%, electrostatic spinning is carried out, before obtaining
Drive body fibrofelt.
(3) gained precursor fibre felt is placed in baking oven, is heated to 150 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, and protect
Warm 2h, makes residual solvent thoroughly volatilize.
(4) dried precursor fibre felt is placed in Muffle furnace, 500 DEG C is heated to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min,
And 1h is incubated, obtain TiO2/SiO2Composite nanometer fiber felt, yield is 65.2%.
Wherein, TiO2 is anatase crystal, and SiO2 is unformed shape, as shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 4 shows fibre diameter in 300-500nm, and nano level fiber makes fibrofelt integrally have larger specific surface
Product, increases its contact area with pollutant, and photocatalysis degradation organic contaminant performance is good.
Embodiment 2
(1) under the conditions of magnetic agitation, 0.9g polyethylene glycol oxides are dissolved in 3.1g ethanol, stirring to substantially uniformity mixes,
2.1g ethyl orthosilicates, 0.5g deionized waters, 5.4g oxalic acid are slowly added dropwise successively, and 7.2g titanium sulfates continue to stir 10h, obtain
Pale yellow transparent spinning solution with certain viscosity.
(2) spinning solution obtained as above is loaded into electrostatic spinning apparatus, spinnerette diameters are 0.8mm, sets output voltage
It is 17kV, feeding rate is 10 μ l/min, receives flight lead from being 15cm, and room temperature, humidity is 50%, electrostatic spinning is carried out, before obtaining
Drive body fibrofelt.
(3) gained precursor fibre felt is placed in baking oven, is heated to 100 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, and protect
Warm 2h, makes residual solvent thoroughly volatilize.
(4) dried precursor fibre felt is placed in Muffle furnace, 600 DEG C is heated to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min,
And 1h is incubated, obtain TiO2/SiO2Composite nanometer fiber felt, yield is 71.5%.
As shown in Fig. 2 it can be wrapped on the pencil of a diameter of 1cm without fractureing, and the fibrofelt of about 2g can be with
Sling 100g counterweights, with intensity higher, good pliability.
Embodiment 3
(1) under the conditions of magnetic agitation, 0.15g polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in 2.0g ethanol, stirring to substantially uniformity mixing, according to
Secondary to be slowly added dropwise 4.2g ethyl orthosilicates, 3.6g acetic acid, 3.4g butyl titanates, the HCl solution 5mL of 0.1mol/L continues to stir
12h is mixed, the pale yellow transparent spinning solution with certain viscosity is obtained.
(2) spinning solution obtained as above is loaded into electrostatic spinning apparatus, spinnerette diameters are 0.8mm, sets output voltage
It is 16kV, feeding rate is 8 μ l/min, receives flight lead from being 25cm, and room temperature, humidity is 50%, carries out electrostatic spinning, obtains forerunner
Body fibrofelt.
(3) gained precursor fibre felt is placed in baking oven, is heated to 100 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, and protect
Warm 2h, makes residual solvent thoroughly volatilize.
(4) dried precursor fibre felt is placed in Muffle furnace, 800 is heated to the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min
DEG C, and 1h is incubated, obtain TiO2/SiO2Composite nanometer fiber felt, ceramic yield reaches 77.6% after high-temperature calcination as shown in Figure 3.
TiO prepared by embodiment 1~32/SiO2Composite nano fiber can effectively degrade in sewage under ultraviolet light
Organic pollution, for example, 0.1g fibrofelts are added in the 100ml methylene blue solutions that concentration is 20ppm, under uviol lamp
After irradiation 2h, it is original 13% that solution concentration is relatively low.Also, can be after filtering composite fibrofelt and treatment or being centrifuged
Water is separated, and realizes the recovery of catalyst, and the rate of recovery is more than 95%.By the fiber after recovery in atmosphere, more than 200 DEG C calcinings
Regeneration is capable of achieving after 1h, and still keeps identical organic pollutant degradation efficiency.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not used to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., all should include
Within protection scope of the present invention.