CN106834876A - One kind is containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent and its application method at high proportion - Google Patents

One kind is containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent and its application method at high proportion Download PDF

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CN106834876A
CN106834876A CN201710159442.4A CN201710159442A CN106834876A CN 106834876 A CN106834876 A CN 106834876A CN 201710159442 A CN201710159442 A CN 201710159442A CN 106834876 A CN106834876 A CN 106834876A
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refining agent
aluminium alloy
refining
alloy
foundry returns
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CN106834876B (en
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张花蕊
陈焕良
张虎
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/006—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/06—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses one kind containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent and its application method at high proportion, the refining agent includes general component and function ingredients, and common group point includes in chlorine slaine, fluorine metal salt, fluoaluminate or fluosilicate one or two；Function ingredients include following components：Niobium alloy, copper alloy, metallic zinc, rare earth.Refining agent of the invention is added to containing after in the aluminium alloy melt of foundry returns at high proportion, can bottom-up abundant diffusion, reunions, fast onset refining effect, the aluminium alloy melt of acquisition high cleanliness are not adsorbed.With its to containing foundry returns aluminium alloy melt is refined at high proportion when, the hydrogen content of aluminum melt can be down to level no more than 0.10ml/100g Al, the total oxygen content of aluminum melt is down to the level of 80ppm.The refining agent is in addition to excellent degasification, impurity and purification effect, moreover it is possible to significantly reduce β Al in cast structure5The quantity and size of FeSi phases, eliminate the illeffects of iron impurity from aluminium alloy, so as to improve the mechanical property and yield rate of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based.

Description

One kind is containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent and its application method at high proportion
Technical field
Refer to that one kind contains foundry returns at high proportion more particularly the present invention relates to the melting process technology of cast aluminium alloy gold Aluminium alloy refining agent and its application method.The refining agent can enable aluminum alloy to foundry returns and obtain resource recycling.
Background technology
With the fast development of auto industry, the energy, environmental and safety problems become increasingly conspicuous, more next to aluminium alloy demand Bigger, development and application high-performance aluminium alloy parts are more and more urgent to meet the demand of light-weight design.Cast aluminium alloy gold because With excellent casting fluidity, physical property, decay resistance and machining property, commonly used as auto parts and components Material.But in aluminium alloy castings production process, because raw material are by corrosion generation " aluminium rust ", in aluminum melt and air Water, oxygen, or crucible for smelting furnace lining react, and cause generation oxide to be mingled with and gas, and wherein hydrogen accounts for total gas More than the 85% of body.The gentle cognition of these field trashes causes casting to produce a series of defect, causes cast properties to decline, or even Scrap.Therefore, clean aluminium alloy is obtained, is one of the key technology for preparing high-quality casting.
" cleaning molten treatment, is also named refining, is the work for being disposed the field trash and gas in melt by various means Skill operating process, it is therefore an objective to make melt pure, it is ensured that obtain the important measures of premium casting (ingot) "." at purifying aluminium alloy melt Reason flux used, the mainly mixture of the villaumite of alkali metal and villiaumite, in the market is refining agent." Tian Rongzhang writes, cast Aluminium alloy, publishing house of Central South University, 2006.9, P196, P207-208.Presently commercially available refining agent can be by the hydrogen content of aluminum melt It is down to the level of 0.2ml/100g Al.
However, as society is more drilled more resource recycling using what the lifting of demand and aluminium alloy processing industry were competed Strong, many factories usually add the foundry returns of high content ratio at cast aluminium alloy gold parts (such as automotive wheel), or even Some oxide impurity contents foundry returns higher is also used.These foundry returns are mainly and prepare product during aluminium alloy castings Raw rim charge, waste material, casting etc. is scrapped, its application causes when aluminum alloy melt refine, and common commercially available refining agent degasification, removal of impurities are imitated Fruit is not enough, and the effect for especially removing small size field trash is poor, aluminium slag malsegregation, the problems such as gained casting defect is more.
Additionally, because of the use of foundry returns at high proportion, impurity iron content is dramatically increased in aluminum melt, meeting in Solidification Structure There are a large amount of large-sized Fe-riched phase, especially gill shape β-Al5FeSi phases, significantly reduce the mechanical property of aluminium alloy castings And machining property, the qualification rate to product has a significant impact.Therefore, in the urgent need to developing new high-efficiency refining agent, with Obtain the Casting Aluminum Alloy Based of high-quality super clean.
The content of the invention
When being utilized to solve aluminium alloy castings resource recycling, traditional refining agent is to the addition of high content ratio foundry returns Purifying aluminium alloy melt effect is poor, and the harmful Fe-riched phase of a large amount of large scale gill shapes is easily formed in gained cast structure so as to deteriorate The problem of cast properties, the present invention proposes a kind of containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent and its application method at high proportion.The essence Refining agent is made after carrying out rational proportion using alkali metal, villaumite, villiaumite, aluminum bronze, aluminium niobium intermediate alloy, metallic zinc and rare earth element etc. Into application method is simple and easy to do.After refining agent is added into aluminum melt, can bottom-up abundant diffusion, reunion is not adsorbed, soon Speed plays refining effect, obtains the aluminium alloy melt of high cleanliness.With it to carrying out essence containing foundry returns aluminium alloy melt at high proportion During refining, the hydrogen content of aluminum melt can be down to level no more than 0.10ml/100g Al, the total oxygen content of aluminum melt is down to Level no more than 80ppm.The refining agent is in addition to excellent degasification, impurity and purification effect, moreover it is possible to significantly reduce casting β-Al in tissue5The quantity and size of FeSi phases, eliminate the illeffects of iron impurity from aluminium alloy, so as to improve cast aluminium alloy gold The mechanical property and yield rate of casting.
The complete technical scheme of the present invention includes：
One kind includes general component and function ingredients containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion, the refining agent, its It is characterised by：Described common group point includes following components：Chlorine slaine, fluorine metal salt, fluoaluminate and/or fluosilicate； Described function ingredients include following components：Niobium alloy, copper alloy, metallic zinc and rare earth.
Preferably, in described refining agent, the mass fraction shared by general component is 54%~91%, shared by function ingredients Mass fraction be 14%~36%.
Preferably, the chlorine slaine is alkali metal salt, MnCl2、MgCl2Composition, described fluoaluminate or fluorine silicon Hydrochlorate is Na3AlF6Or Na3SiF6, described fluorine metal salt is CaF2。
Preferably, described niobium alloy is Al-10Nb alloys.
Preferably, described copper alloy is Al2Cu alloys.
Preferably, the rare earth RE is one or two and the two or more mixing in La, Ce, Nd and Er.
Preferably, described refining agent is specifically grouped into by each group of following mass fraction；
Combination of the above sum is 100wt%.
The rare earth RE is one or two and two or more mixing in La, Ce, Nd and Er.
The described method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion is prepared, there are the following steps：
Step A, according to the target component of refining agent by NaCl, Na3AlF6, Al10Nb and Al2Cu mixes, and stirs, and puts Enter in melting furnace, be incubated after the fusing that heats up, then cool down compound, take out and be broken into particle, premix is obtained；
Step B, the premix for obtaining step A according to the target component of refining agent and MnCl2、MgCl2、CaF2、Zn、RE It is well mixed with binding agent, ingot is suppressed, obtain ingot shape refining agent.
The described application method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion, ingot shape refining agent is cast for aluminium alloy In the industrial production of part, the ingot shape refining agent addition accounts for 0.05~0.20wt% of aluminium alloy quality.
The described application method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion, described foundry returns accounts for the total matter of aluminium alloy 40wt%~the 100wt% of amount.
The described application method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion, specifically includes following steps：
Step one, melts foundry returns to be utilized and aluminium alloy virgin material in smelting furnace, by aluminium liquid after composition adjustment is qualified It is transferred to tundish；
Step 2, it is after Al-10Sr alterants and Al-5Ti-B fining agents are put into tundish, ingot shape refining agent is direct In input tundish, ingot shape refining agent is set freely to sink to aluminium liquid bottom；
Step 3, after tundish adds refining agent, inert gas purging refining is carried out to aluminum melt；
Step 4, after refining is finished, skims in bag, and the aluminium liquid in tundish after refining is injected into holding furnace, starts to adopt Aluminium alloy castings is prepared with casting technique.
The described application method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion, aluminium liquid is obtained after refined dose of refining H content is down to no more than 0.10ml/100g Al, and total oxygen content is down to no more than 80ppm.
The aluminium alloy part obtained using described method, the aluminium alloy part prepares the foundry returns to be utilized for being used Account for the 40wt%~100wt% of aluminium alloy gross mass.
The part is wheel, the spoke of the aluminum-alloy wheel that the aluminium liquid that obtains makes and interior after being refined using refined dose Wheel rim elongation percentage improves 20~40%.
There is advantages below compared with prior art using refining agent of the present invention during cast aluminium alloy gold parts：
(1) refining agent degasification removal of impurities scarfing cinder excellent effect of the present invention, can obtain the cast aluminium alloy gold of super clean.Refined with it Containing foundry returns aluminium alloy at high proportion or during the aluminium alloy melt being all made up of foundry returns, can be by hydrogen (H) content of aluminum melt It is down to the level no more than 0.10ml/100g Al；Total oxygen (O) content of aluminum melt is down to the level no more than 80ppm.
(2) present invention gained refining agent is in billet shape, and unconventional powdered, and application method is simple and easy to do.Will refining After agent is inserted in aluminum melt, refining agent can bottom-up abundant diffusion, reunion is not adsorbed, can fast onset refining effect, no Address only conventional powder refining agent and float on the insufficient problem of aluminium liquid surface, refining effect, it is thus also avoided that use bell jar pressure Enter, filtering table cleaning etc. complicated procedures of forming, reduce labour intensity.
(3) compared with common commercially available refining agent, refining agent of the present invention significantly reduces the content and size of fragility Fe-riched phase, Effectively eliminate the illeffects of impurity iron.
(4) compared with common commercially available refining agent, after being processed using refining agent of the present invention, gained cast properties are significantly improved, Such as pressure cast aluminum-alloy wheel spoke and inner rim elongation percentage can improve 20~40%.
(5) compared with common commercially available refining agent, refining agent of the present invention significantly improves the yield rate of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, Especially significantly improve the yield rate containing foundry returns aluminium alloy castings at high proportion.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the stress strain curve figure at B1 wheel spokes position.
Fig. 2 is the stress strain curve figure at B1 wheel inner rims position.
Fig. 3 is the stress strain curve figure at A1 wheel spokes position.
Fig. 4 is the stress strain curve figure at A1 wheel inner rims position.
Fig. 5 is the microstructure picture at B1 wheel spokes position.
Fig. 6 is the microstructure picture at A1 wheel spokes position.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
In the present invention, foundry returns to be utilized refers to rim charge, waste material, the report for preparing and being produced during A356 aluminium alloy castingses Waste casting etc..
In the present invention, prepare the foundry returns to be utilized that aluminum-alloy wheel uses and reach 40wt%~100wt%, effectively The resource for realizing foundry returns to be utilized is recycled.
In the present invention, aluminium is obtained after foundry returns to be utilized and aluminium alloy virgin material being refined through refining agent obtained in the present invention Liquid A.
In the present invention, aluminium liquid B is obtained after foundry returns to be utilized and aluminium alloy virgin material being refined through commercially available refining agent.Same In one embodiment, the ratio of foundry returns to be utilized and aluminium alloy virgin material is consistent with aluminium liquid A in aluminium liquid B；Aluminium liquid B uses refining agent Content it is consistent with aluminium liquid A.
The complete technical scheme of the present invention includes：
One kind includes general component and function ingredients containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion, the refining agent, its It is characterised by：Described common group point includes following components：Chlorine slaine, fluorine metal salt, fluoaluminate and/or fluosilicate； Described function ingredients include following components：Niobium alloy, copper alloy, metallic zinc and rare earth.
Preferably, in described refining agent, the mass fraction shared by general component is 54%~91%, shared by function ingredients Mass fraction be 14%~36%.
Preferably, the chlorine slaine is alkali metal salt, MnCl2、MgCl2Composition, described fluoaluminate or fluorine silicon Hydrochlorate is Na3AlF6Or Na3SiF6, described fluorine metal salt is CaF2。
Preferably, described niobium alloy is Al-10Nb alloys.
Preferably, described copper alloy is Al2Cu alloys.
Preferably, the rare earth RE is one or two and the two or more mixing in La, Ce, Nd and Er.
The composition of refining agent：
Of the invention a kind of containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion, the refining agent is each by following mass fraction Component is constituted：
Combination of the above sum is 100wt%.
The rare earth RE is one or two and two or more mixing in La, Ce, Nd and Er.
The preparation of refining agent：
The step of preparing refining agent of the invention has：
Step A, according to the target component of refining agent by NaCl, Na3AlF6, Al-10Nb and Al2Cu mixes, and stirs, Insert in melting furnace, heated up with 20 DEG C/minute of speed, when temperature rises to 800~820 DEG C, be incubated 10min, close power supply, will be mixed Close material and be cooled to room temperature, take out and be broken into the particle of 1~5mm, premix is obtained；
Step B, the premix for obtaining step A according to the target component of refining agent and MnCl2、MgCl2、CaF2、Zn、RE It is well mixed with binding agent, using hydraulic press, under the pressure parameter of 20~30KN, density is pressed into more than 3g/cm3And quality It is the billet of 0.25kg, obtains billet shape refining agent.
The target component of the refining agent is：
The application method of refining agent
Billet shape refining agent is used in the industrial production of aluminium alloy castings using low-pressure casting process, the billet shape essence Refining agent addition content is 0.05~0.20wt%.
Step one, melts foundry returns to be utilized and aluminium alloy virgin material in smelting furnace, by aluminium liquid after composition adjustment is qualified It is transferred to 1 ton of tundish of weight；
Step 2, after Al-10Sr alterants and Al-5Ti-B fining agents are put into tundish, by billet shape of the present invention essence Refining agent is direct plungeed into tundish, billet shape refining agent is freely sunk to aluminium liquid bottom；
Step 3, after tundish adds refining agent, begins to use GBF devices to carry out inert gas purging to aluminum melt, Inert gas used is the N of percent by volume 99.5%2, purging refining temperature be 710~730 DEG C, refining time be 12~ 18min；
Step 4, after refining is finished, skims in bag, and the aluminium liquid in tundish after refining is injected into holding furnace, starts to adopt Aluminium alloy castings is prepared with low-pressure casting process.
In the present invention, after billet shape refining agent is directly inserted in aluminum melt, refining agent being capable of bottom-up abundant expansion Dissipate, reunions is not adsorbed, can fast onset refining effect, not only solve conventional powder refining agent float on aluminium liquid surface, refine The insufficient problem of effect, it is thus also avoided that using complicated procedures of forming such as bell jar press-in, filtering table cleanings, reduce labour intensity.
Embodiment 1
The preparation process of the refining agent of embodiment 1 has：
Step A, according to the target component of refining agent by load weighted NaCl, Na3AlF6, Al10Nb and Al2Cu mixes, and stirs Mix uniform, insert in melting furnace, heated up with 20 DEG C/minute of speed, when temperature rises to 810 DEG C, be incubated 10min, close power supply, will Compound is cooled to room temperature, takes out and be broken into the particle of 1~5mm, and premix is obtained；
Step B, the premix for obtaining step A according to the target component of refining agent and MnCl2、MgCl2、CaF2、Zn、RE (i.e. La, Ce and Nd) and binding agent are well mixed, and using the hydraulic press of YL41 models, under the pressure parameter of 25KN, are pressed into Density is 3.2g/cm3And quality is the billet of 0.25kg, obtains billet shape refining agent.
The target component of the refining agent of embodiment 1 is：
Embodiment 1 is obtained the application method of refining agent：
The refining agent of embodiment 1 is used in the industrial production of A356 aluminum-alloy wheels using low-pressure casting process, is implemented The addition content of the refining agent of example 1 is 0.15wt%.Raw material needed for the A356 aluminum-alloy wheels is to be utilized time of 80wt% The A356 aluminium alloy virgin materials of furnace charge and 20wt%.
Step one, by melting sources needed for A356 aluminum-alloy wheels in smelting furnace, turns aluminium liquid after composition adjustment is qualified Enter 1 ton of tundish of weight；
Step 2, after Al-10Sr alterants and Al-5Ti-B fining agents are put into tundish, by the billet of embodiment 1 Shape refining agent is direct plungeed into tundish, and the refining agent freely sinks to aluminum melt bottom；
Step 3, after tundish adds refining agent, begins to use GBF devices to carry out inert gas purging to aluminum melt, Inert gas used is the N of percent by volume 99.5%2, purging refining temperature is 720 DEG C, and refining time is 15min；
Step 4, after refining is finished, skims in bag, and the aluminium liquid in tundish after refining is injected into holding furnace, starts to adopt A356 aluminum-alloy wheels are prepared with low-pressure casting process.
Oxide inclusion can effectively be removed using the refining agent of embodiment 1, aluminium slag separates good.Aluminium liquid A is depressurized Solidification Analysis, from the detection of LY-CQ-1 model aluminium water hydrogen meter, hydrogen content can drop to 0.08ml/100g Al in measuring aluminium liquid A Level；From the detection of LECO O836 models oxygen analyzer, total oxygen content is down to the level of 60ppm, and sublimate effect is good.
The low-pressure casting process of embodiment 1 refer to《Aluminum-alloy wheel foundry engieering》, Zhao Yutao, China Machine Press, July the 1st edition, the 91-92 pages in 2004.Wherein：
Pouring temperature is 700 DEG C；
It is 0.020MPa, pressing speed 0.0014MPa/s to rise hydraulic coupling；
Mold filling pressure is 0.050MPa, pressing speed 0.0020MPa/s；
Boost pressure is 0.10MPa, pressing speed 0.050MPa/s；
Dwell pressure is 0.10MPa, dwell time 160s；
240s open forms after cast.
Above-mentioned low-pressure casting process parameter is set on air injection machine, and aluminium liquid A is injected in mould carries out A356 aluminium Alloy wheel makes, and prepared wheel is designated as A1 wheels.
Above-mentioned low-pressure casting process parameter is set on air injection machine, and aluminium liquid B is injected in mould carries out A356 aluminium Alloy wheel makes, and prepared wheel is designated as B1 wheels.
The spoke and inner rim mechanics of B1 wheels are detected using hydraulic servo fatigue tester (Instron8801,50KN) Performance：Spoke tensile strength is 250MPa, and elongation percentage is 4.1% (as shown in Figure 1)；Inner rim tensile strength is 280MPa, is prolonged Rate is stretched for 7.8% (as shown in Figure 2).Using the displaing micro tissue topography of the spoke of electron probe (JXA-8100) observation B1 wheels, It is mingled with (as shown in Figure 5) in the presence of a large amount of needle-like brilliant white β-Fe phases long and oxide.
The spoke and inner rim mechanics of A1 wheels are detected using hydraulic servo fatigue tester (Instron8801,50KN) Performance：Spoke tensile strength brings up to 255MPa, and elongation percentage brings up to 5.8% (as shown in Figure 3)；Inner rim tensile strength 300MPa, elongation percentage brings up to 11.7% (as shown in Figure 4).The spoke of A1 wheels is observed using electron probe (JXA-8100) Displaing micro tissue topography, it is found that oxide is mingled with and significantly reduces, the quantity of needle-like brilliant white β-Fe phases long, size are obviously reduced (as shown in Figure 6)；Needle like Iron Phase long is eliminated, and reduces the effect of isolating to aluminum alloy organization, reduces to wheel mechanical property The infringement of energy.Contrasted by A1 wheels and B1 wheels, 80wt% foundry returns to be utilized is contained because the refining agent of embodiment 1 enters Aluminium alloy melt after can fully spread, reunion is not adsorbed, the H content of aluminium liquid A can drop to the water of about 0.08ml/100g Al Flat, total oxygen content is down to the level of 60ppm, can fully remove the oxide inclusion in the aluminium liquid A.Just because of refining agent of the present invention Addition so that the mechanical property that A1 wheels have had.
Embodiment 2
The preparation process of the refining agent of embodiment 2 has：
Step A, according to the target component of refining agent by load weighted NaCl, Na3AlF6, Al10Nb and Al2Cu mixes, and stirs Mix uniform, insert in melting furnace, heated up with 20 DEG C/minute of speed, when temperature rises to 800 DEG C, be incubated 10min, close power supply, will Compound is cooled to room temperature, takes out and be broken into the particle of 1~5mm, and premix is obtained；
Step B, the premix for obtaining step A according to the target component of refining agent and MnCl2、MgCl2、CaF2、Zn、RE (i.e. La, Ce and Er) and binding agent are well mixed, and using the hydraulic press of YL41 models, under the pressure parameter of 24KN, are pressed into Density is 3.1g/cm3And quality is the billet of 0.25kg, obtains billet shape refining agent.
The target component of the refining agent of embodiment 2 is：
Embodiment 2 is obtained the application method of refining agent：
The refining agent of embodiment 2 is used in the industrial production of A356 aluminum-alloy wheels using low-pressure casting process, is implemented The addition content of the refining agent of example 2 is 0.13wt%.Raw material needed for the A356 aluminum-alloy wheels is to be utilized time of 70wt% The A356 aluminium alloy virgin materials of furnace charge and 30wt%.
Step one, by melting sources needed for A356 aluminum-alloy wheels in smelting furnace, turns aluminium liquid after composition adjustment is qualified Enter 1 ton of tundish of weight；
Step 2, after Al-10Sr alterants and Al-5Ti-B fining agents are put into tundish, by the billet of embodiment 2 Shape refining agent is direct plungeed into tundish, and the refining agent freely sinks to aluminum melt bottom；
Step 3, after tundish adds refining agent, begins to use GBF devices to carry out inert gas purging to aluminum melt, Inert gas used is the N of percent by volume 99.5%2, purging refining temperature is 715 DEG C, and refining time is 16min；
Step 4, after refining is finished, skims in bag, and the aluminium liquid in tundish after refining is injected into holding furnace, starts to adopt A356 aluminum-alloy wheels are prepared with low-pressure casting process.
Oxide inclusion can effectively be removed using the refining agent of embodiment 2, aluminium slag separates good.Aluminium liquid A is depressurized Solidification Analysis, from the detection of LY-CQ-1 model aluminium water hydrogen meter, hydrogen content can drop to 0.07ml/100g Al in measuring aluminium liquid A Level；From the detection of LECO O836 models oxygen analyzer, total oxygen content is down to the level of 67ppm, and sublimate effect is good.
The low-pressure casting process of embodiment 2 refer to《Aluminum-alloy wheel foundry engieering》, Zhao Yutao, China Machine Press, July the 1st edition, the 91-92 pages in 2004.Wherein：
Pouring temperature is 700 DEG C；
It is 0.020MPa, pressing speed 0.0014MPa/s to rise hydraulic coupling；
Mold filling pressure is 0.050MPa, pressing speed 0.0020MPa/s；
Boost pressure is 0.10MPa, pressing speed 0.050MPa/s；
Dwell pressure is 0.10MPa, dwell time 160s；
240s open forms after cast.
Above-mentioned low-pressure casting process parameter is set on air injection machine, and aluminium liquid A is injected in mould carries out A356 aluminium Alloy wheel makes, and prepared wheel is designated as A2 wheels.
Above-mentioned low-pressure casting process parameter is set on air injection machine, and aluminium liquid B is injected in mould carries out A356 aluminium Alloy wheel makes, and prepared wheel is designated as B2 wheels.
The spoke and inner rim mechanics of B2 wheels are detected using hydraulic servo fatigue tester (Instron8801,50KN) Performance：Spoke tensile strength is 245MPa, and elongation percentage is 4.0%；Inner rim tensile strength is 275MPa, and elongation percentage is 7.6%. Using the displaing micro tissue topography of the spoke of electron probe (JXA-8100) observation B2 wheels, exist a large amount of needle-like brilliant white β long- Fe phases and oxide are mingled with.
The spoke and inner rim mechanics of A2 wheels are detected using hydraulic servo fatigue tester (Instron8801,50KN) Performance：Spoke tensile strength brings up to 260MPa, and elongation percentage brings up to 5.5%；Inner rim tensile strength 295MPa, elongation percentage is carried It is high to 11.2%.Using the displaing micro tissue topography of the spoke of electron probe (JXA-8100) observation A2 wheels, oxide folder is found Miscellaneous to significantly reduce, the quantity of needle-like brilliant white β-Fe phases long, size are obviously reduced；Needle like Iron Phase long is eliminated, and reduces to aluminium The effect of isolating of alloy structure, reduces the infringement to wheel mechanical property.Contrasted by A2 wheels and B2 wheels, due to implementing The refining agent of example 2 can fully be spread after entering the aluminium alloy melt containing 70wt% foundry returns to be utilized, and reunion, aluminium are not adsorbed The H content of liquid A can drop to the level of about 0.07ml/100g Al, and total oxygen content is down to the level of 67ppm, can fully remove described Oxide inclusion in aluminium liquid A.Just because of the addition of refining agent of the present invention so that the mechanical property that A2 wheels have had.
Embodiment 3
The preparation process of the refining agent of embodiment 3 has：
Step A, according to the target component of refining agent by load weighted NaCl, Na3AlF6, Al10Nb and Al2Cu mixes, and stirs Mix uniform, insert in melting furnace, heated up with 20 DEG C/minute of speed, when temperature rises to 820 DEG C, be incubated 10min, close power supply, will Compound is cooled to room temperature, takes out and be broken into the particle of 1~5mm, and premix is obtained；
Step B, the premix for obtaining step A according to the target component of refining agent and MnCl2、MgCl2、CaF2、Zn、RE (i.e. La, Ce, Nd and Er) and binding agent are well mixed, using the hydraulic press of YL41 models, under the pressure parameter of 27KN, and compacting It is 3.3g/cm into density3And quality is the billet of 0.25kg, obtains billet shape refining agent.
The composition that embodiment 3 is obtained refining agent is：
Embodiment 3 is obtained the application method of refining agent：
The refining agent of embodiment 3 is used in the industrial production of A356 aluminum-alloy wheels using low-pressure casting process, is implemented The addition content of the refining agent of example 3 is 0.10wt%.Raw material needed for the A356 aluminum-alloy wheels is to be utilized time of 65wt% The A356 aluminium alloy virgin materials of furnace charge and 35wt%.
Step one, by melting sources needed for A356 aluminum-alloy wheels in smelting furnace, turns aluminium liquid after composition adjustment is qualified Enter 1 ton of tundish of weight；
Step 2, after Al-10Sr alterants and Al-5Ti-B fining agents are put into tundish, by the billet of embodiment 3 Shape refining agent is direct plungeed into tundish, and the refining agent freely sinks to aluminum melt bottom；
Step 3, after tundish adds refining agent, begins to use GBF devices to carry out inert gas purging to aluminum melt, Inert gas used is the N of percent by volume 99.5%2, purging refining temperature is 710 DEG C, and refining time is 14min；
Step 4, after refining is finished, skims in bag, and the aluminium liquid in tundish after refining is injected into holding furnace, starts to adopt A356 aluminum-alloy wheels are prepared with low-pressure casting process.
Oxide inclusion can effectively be removed using the refining agent of embodiment 3, aluminium slag separates good.Aluminium liquid A is depressurized Solidification Analysis, from the detection of LY-CQ-1 model aluminium water hydrogen meter, hydrogen content can drop to 0.09ml/100g Al in measuring aluminium liquid A Level；From the detection of LECO O836 models oxygen analyzer, total oxygen content is down to the level of 72ppm, and sublimate effect is good.
The low-pressure casting process of embodiment 3 refer to《Aluminum-alloy wheel foundry engieering》, Zhao Yutao, China Machine Press, July the 1st edition, the 91-92 pages in 2004.Wherein：
Pouring temperature is 700 DEG C；
It is 0.020MPa, pressing speed 0.0014MPa/s to rise hydraulic coupling；
Mold filling pressure is 0.050MPa, pressing speed 0.0020MPa/s；
Boost pressure is 0.10MPa, pressing speed 0.050MPa/s；
Dwell pressure is 0.10MPa, dwell time 160s；
240s open forms after cast.
Above-mentioned low-pressure casting process parameter is set on air injection machine, and aluminium liquid A is injected in mould carries out A356 aluminium Alloy wheel makes, and prepared wheel is designated as A3 wheels.
Above-mentioned low-pressure casting process parameter is set on air injection machine, and aluminium liquid B is injected in mould carries out A356 aluminium Alloy wheel makes, and prepared wheel is designated as B3 wheels.
The spoke and inner rim mechanics of B3 wheels are detected using hydraulic servo fatigue tester (Instron8801,50KN) Performance：Spoke tensile strength is 242MPa, and elongation percentage is 4.0%；Inner rim tensile strength is 273MPa, and elongation percentage is 7.5%. Using the displaing micro tissue topography of the spoke of electron probe (JXA-8100) observation B3 wheels, exist a large amount of needle-like brilliant white β long- Fe phases and oxide are mingled with.
The spoke and inner rim mechanics of A3 wheels are detected using hydraulic servo fatigue tester (Instron8801,50KN) Performance：Spoke tensile strength brings up to 257MPa, and elongation percentage brings up to 5.1%；Inner rim tensile strength 293MPa, elongation percentage is carried It is high to 10.1%.Using the displaing micro tissue topography of the spoke of electron probe (JXA-8100) observation A3 wheels, oxide folder is found Miscellaneous to significantly reduce, the quantity of needle-like brilliant white β-Fe phases long, size are obviously reduced；In the case where Needle like Iron Phase long is eliminated, reduce The effect of isolating to aluminum alloy organization, reduces the infringement to wheel mechanical property.Contrasted by A3 wheels and B3 wheels, due to The refining agent of embodiment 3 can fully spread after entering the aluminium alloy melt containing 65wt% foundry returns to be utilized, not the group of absorption Poly-, the H content of aluminium liquid A can drop to the level of about 0.09ml/100g Al, and total oxygen content is down to the level of 72ppm, can fully go Except the oxide inclusion in the aluminium liquid A.Just because of the addition of refining agent of the present invention so that the mechanical property that A3 wheels have had.
Embodiment 4
The preparation process of the refining agent of embodiment 4 has：
Step A, according to the target component of refining agent by load weighted NaCl, Na3AlF6, Al10Nb and Al2Cu mixes, and stirs Mix uniform, insert in melting furnace, heated up with 20 DEG C/minute of speed, when temperature rises to 815 DEG C, be incubated 10min, close power supply, will Compound is cooled to room temperature, takes out and be broken into the particle of 1~5mm, and premix is obtained；
Step B, the premix for obtaining step A according to the target component of refining agent and MnCl2、MgCl2、CaF2、Zn、RE (i.e. La and Ce) and binding agent are well mixed, and using the hydraulic press of YL41 models, under the pressure parameter of 26KN, are pressed into density It is 3.2g/cm3And quality is the billet of 0.25kg, obtains billet shape refining agent.
The target component of the refining agent of embodiment 4 is：
Embodiment 4 is obtained the application method of refining agent：
The refining agent of embodiment 4 is used in the industrial production of A356 aluminum-alloy wheels using low-pressure casting process, is implemented The addition content of the refining agent of example 4 is 0.20wt%.Raw material needed for the A356 aluminum-alloy wheels is to be utilized time of 100wt% Furnace charge.
Step one, by melting sources needed for A356 aluminum-alloy wheels in smelting furnace, turns aluminium liquid after composition adjustment is qualified Enter 1 ton of tundish of weight；
Step 2, after Al-10Sr alterants and Al-5Ti-B fining agents are put into tundish, by the billet of embodiment 4 Shape refining agent is direct plungeed into tundish, and the refining agent freely sinks to aluminum melt bottom；
Step 3, after tundish adds refining agent, begins to use GBF devices to carry out inert gas purging to aluminum melt, Inert gas used is the N of percent by volume 99.5%2, purging refining temperature is 720 DEG C, and refining time is 17min；
Step 4, after refining is finished, skims in bag, and the aluminium liquid in tundish after refining is injected into holding furnace, starts to adopt A356 aluminum-alloy wheels are prepared with low-pressure casting process.
Oxide inclusion can effectively be removed using the refining agent of embodiment 4, aluminium slag separates good.Aluminium liquid A is depressurized Solidification Analysis, from the detection of LY-CQ-1 model aluminium water hydrogen meter, hydrogen content can drop to 0.09ml/100gAl's in measuring aluminium liquid A Level；From the detection of LECO O836 models oxygen analyzer, total oxygen content is down to the level of 78ppm, and sublimate effect is good.
The low-pressure casting process of embodiment 4 refer to《Aluminum-alloy wheel foundry engieering》, Zhao Yutao, China Machine Press, July the 1st edition, the 91-92 pages in 2004.Wherein：
Pouring temperature is 700 DEG C；
It is 0.020MPa, pressing speed 0.0014MPa/s to rise hydraulic coupling；
Mold filling pressure is 0.050MPa, pressing speed 0.0020MPa/s；
Boost pressure is 0.10MPa, pressing speed 0.050MPa/s；
Dwell pressure is 0.10MPa, dwell time 160s；
240s open forms after cast.
Above-mentioned low-pressure casting process parameter is set on air injection machine, and aluminium liquid A is injected in mould carries out A356 aluminium Alloy wheel makes, and prepared wheel is designated as A4 wheels.
Above-mentioned low-pressure casting process parameter is set on air injection machine, and aluminium liquid B is injected in mould carries out A356 aluminium Alloy wheel makes, and prepared wheel is designated as B4 wheels.
The spoke and inner rim mechanics of B4 wheels are detected using hydraulic servo fatigue tester (Instron8801,50KN) Performance：Spoke tensile strength is 240MPa, and elongation percentage is 3.8%；Inner rim tensile strength is 270MPa, and elongation percentage is 7.2%. Using the displaing micro tissue topography of the spoke of electron probe (JXA-8100) observation B4 wheels, exist a large amount of needle-like brilliant white β long- Fe phases and oxide are mingled with.
The spoke and inner rim mechanics of A4 wheels are detected using hydraulic servo fatigue tester (Instron8801,50KN) Performance：Spoke tensile strength brings up to 251MPa, and elongation percentage brings up to 4.9%；Inner rim tensile strength 290MPa, elongation percentage is carried It is high to 9.8%.Using the displaing micro tissue topography of the spoke of electron probe (JXA-8100) observation A4 wheels, oxide folder is found Miscellaneous to significantly reduce, the quantity of needle-like brilliant white β-Fe phases long, size are obviously reduced；Needle like Iron Phase long is eliminated, and reduces to aluminium The effect of isolating of alloy structure, reduces the infringement to wheel mechanical property.Contrasted by A4 wheels and B4 wheels, due to implementing The refining agent of example 4 can fully be spread after entering the aluminium alloy melt containing 100wt% foundry returns to be utilized, and reunion is not adsorbed, The H content of aluminium liquid A can drop to the level of about 0.09ml/100g Al, and total oxygen content is down to the level of 78ppm, can fully remove institute State the oxide inclusion in aluminium liquid A.Just because of the addition of refining agent of the present invention so that the mechanical property that A4 wheels have had.

Claims (14)

1. a kind of containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion, the refining agent includes general component and function ingredients, and it is special Levy and be：
Described common group point includes following components：Chlorine slaine, fluorine metal salt, fluoaluminate and/or fluosilicate；
Described function ingredients include following components：Niobium alloy, copper alloy, metallic zinc and rare earth.
2. the refining agent described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described refining agent, the mass fraction shared by general component It is 54%~91%, the mass fraction shared by function ingredients is 14%~36%.
3. the refining agent described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the chlorine slaine is alkali metal salt, MnCl2、MgCl2Group Compound, described fluoaluminate or fluosilicate are Na3AlF6Or Na3SiF6, described fluorine metal salt is CaF2。
4. the refining agent described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described niobium alloy is Al-10Nb alloys.
5. the refining agent described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described copper alloy is Al2Cu alloys.
6. the refining agent described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the rare earth RE is one or two in La, Ce, Nd and Er And two or more mixing.
7. the refining agent described in any one of claim 1~6, it is characterised in that described refining agent is specifically by following quality point Several each groups are grouped into；
Combination of the above sum is 100wt%.
8. a kind of method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion prepared described in any one of claim 1~7, it is special Levy is have the following steps：
Step A, according to the target component of refining agent by NaCl, Na3AlF6, Al10Nb and Al2Cu mixes, and stirs, and inserts molten Change in stove, be incubated after the fusing that heats up, then cool down compound, take out and be broken into particle, premix is obtained；
Step B, the premix for obtaining step A according to the target component of refining agent and MnCl2、MgCl2、CaF2, Zn, RE and viscous Knot agent is well mixed, and suppresses ingot, obtains ingot shape refining agent.
9. the application method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion according to any one of claim 1~7, it is special Levy and be：Ingot shape refining agent is used in the industrial production of aluminium alloy castings, the ingot shape refining agent addition accounts for aluminium alloy matter 0.05~0.20wt% of amount.
10. the application method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion according to any one of claim 1~7, its It is characterised by：Described foundry returns accounts for the 40wt%~100wt% of aluminium alloy gross mass.
11. application method containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion according to claim 9 or 10, its feature exists In specifically including following steps：
Step one, melts foundry returns to be utilized and aluminium alloy virgin material in smelting furnace, is transferred to aluminium liquid after composition adjustment is qualified Tundish；
Step 2, it is after Al-10Sr alterants and Al-5Ti-B fining agents are put into tundish, ingot shape refining agent is direct In input tundish, ingot shape refining agent is set freely to sink to aluminium liquid bottom；
Step 3, after tundish adds refining agent, inert gas purging refining is carried out to aluminum melt；
Step 4, after refining is finished, skims in bag, and the aluminium liquid in tundish after refining is injected into holding furnace, starts using casting Make technique and prepare aluminium alloy castings.
12. application methods containing foundry returns aluminium alloy refining agent at high proportion according to claim 11, it is characterised in that： The H content that aluminium liquid is obtained after refined dose of refining is down to no more than 0.10ml/100g Al, and total oxygen content is down to and is no more than 80ppm。
13. aluminium alloy parts obtained using the method described in any one of claim 9~12, it is characterised in that：The aluminium is closed Golden part prepares 40wt%~100wt% that the foundry returns to be utilized for being used accounts for aluminium alloy gross mass.
14. parts according to claim 13, it is characterised in that：The part is wheel, after being refined using refined dose The spoke and inner rim elongation percentage of the aluminum-alloy wheel that the aluminium liquid for obtaining makes improve 20~40%.
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CN114323849A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-04-12 河北新立中有色金属集团有限公司 Preparation method of cast aluminum alloy 333Z.1 as-cast spectrum single-point standard sample
CN115109961A (en) * 2022-06-10 2022-09-27 徐州思源铝业有限公司 Aluminum alloy rare earth refining agent and preparation method thereof

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CN103060643A (en) * 2011-10-24 2013-04-24 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 Amino-complex-treated high-strength aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof
CN103981412A (en) * 2014-04-10 2014-08-13 安徽乾通教育制造有限公司 Impact-resistant aluminum alloy section and preparation method thereof

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US5595615A (en) * 1993-08-26 1997-01-21 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. High toughness and high strength aluminum alloy casting
CN103060643A (en) * 2011-10-24 2013-04-24 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 Amino-complex-treated high-strength aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114323849A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-04-12 河北新立中有色金属集团有限公司 Preparation method of cast aluminum alloy 333Z.1 as-cast spectrum single-point standard sample
CN115109961A (en) * 2022-06-10 2022-09-27 徐州思源铝业有限公司 Aluminum alloy rare earth refining agent and preparation method thereof

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