CN106833532B - Hydrosol type dust suppressant - Google Patents
Hydrosol type dust suppressant Download PDFInfo
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- CN106833532B CN106833532B CN201710128723.3A CN201710128723A CN106833532B CN 106833532 B CN106833532 B CN 106833532B CN 201710128723 A CN201710128723 A CN 201710128723A CN 106833532 B CN106833532 B CN 106833532B
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Abstract
The invention provides a hydrosol type dust suppressant, which comprises, by mass, 1-5% of salad oil, 1-15% of vegetable oleic acid, 3-16% of polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, 3-15% of glycerol, 2-8% of polyethylene glycol, 0.1-0.5% of sodium alginate, 0.1-0.5% of guar gum, 1-10% of silica sol, 1-6% of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 40-76% of water. The medicines and reagents used in the dust suppressant formula are nontoxic and environment-friendly medicines, so that the formula design of the dust suppressant disclosed by the invention is based on a molecular level, dust is fixed hierarchically, and the regulation and control of dust suppression from microcosmic scientific guidance to macroscopical guidance are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a dust suppressant.
Background
The development of economy drives the improvement of urban construction and living standard, and environmental pollution's improvement problem is waited to solve urgently simultaneously, especially atmospheric pollution, such as raise dust increases, harmful gas content in the air increases high etc. raise dust factor is mainly: (1) the dust source is dry and easy to oxidize, so that the surface particles become small and powdery; (2) exposed and naturally weathered; (3) the outside has no wind-proof blocking device and is influenced by wind power. Common dust is mainly composed of organic particles such as industrial building dust, mineral particles, dust particles, biological residual nucleus particles, household garbage dust and the like, and the generated dust raising amount is related to various factors such as particle size distribution, water content, air humidity, wind speed, material flow, fall and the like. After the dust is generated at the dust source, the dust is diffused to the periphery of the dust source under the driving of the airflow in the environment to form dust pollution. Based on the problem of dust emission control, the application of the dust suppression technology gradually turns to a large city, the problem of dust emission in open areas such as building construction operation surfaces, road surfaces, coal yards, ash storage yards and the like is mainly solved, the initial methods for reducing the dust emission and improving the air quality are dustproof measures such as watering dust reduction, setting of construction site fencing and the like, but the water consumption is huge, resources are wasted, and moreover, the dust prevention period of water spraying dust suppression is short, so that the cost is overhigh; the chlorine salt is sprayed to form a hard surface through strong adsorption of atmosphere and surface water, so that the effect of controlling dust is achieved, but the dust is easily washed away by water, and a large amount of chlorine salt can harm surrounding green vegetation; spraying the emulsion of petrochemical products or byproducts to form a dust-proof layer, which not only has high cost, but also can cause secondary pollution, such as the deposition of heavy metal lead; the use of high molecular substances has limited material sources, is mostly not degradable, and develops a new environment-friendly subject.
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the designer actively makes research and innovation to create a hydrosol type dust suppressant, so that the hydrosol type dust suppressant has industrial utility value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the hydrosol type dust suppressant which is green and environment-friendly and has good dust fixing effect.
The hydrosol type dust suppressant comprises, by mass, 1-5% of salad oil, 1-15% of vegetable oleic acid, 3-16% of an emulsifier, 3-15% of glycerol, 2-8% of polyethylene glycol, 0.2-1% of polysaccharide polymer, 1-10% of silica sol, 1-6% of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 40-76% of water. Wherein, the mass percentage of the salad oil is preferably 2-5%; the content of the vegetable oleic acid is preferably 5-10% by mass; the mass percentage of the emulsifier is preferably 6-14%; the content of glycerin is preferably 5-10% by mass; the mass percentage of the polyethylene glycol is preferably 2-6%; the mass percentage content of the polysaccharide polymer is preferably 0.3-1%; the mass percentage of the silica sol is preferably 2-8%; the mass percentage of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferably 1.7-5%.
Further, the emulsifier is one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate (tween 85), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (tween 80) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (tween 60), and preferably tween 85.
Further, the polysaccharide polymer is one or more of sodium alginate, guar gum, xanthan gum and locust bean gum, preferably the mass percent of the sodium alginate is 0.1-0.5%, and the mass percent of the guar gum is 0.1-0.5%, wherein the mass percent of the sodium alginate is further preferably 0.2-0.5%.
The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps:
(1) heating water to 55-85 deg.C, preferably 60-80 deg.C, and sequentially dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone and polysaccharide polymer in water to obtain water phase mixed solution; wherein, the mass percentage content of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1 to 6 percent, preferably 1.7 to 5 percent; the polysaccharide polymer accounts for 0.2-1% by mass, preferably 0.3-1% by mass, is one or more of sodium alginate, guar gum, xanthan gum and locust bean gum, preferably 0.1-0.5% by mass of sodium alginate and 0.1-0.5% by mass of guar gum, and further preferably 0.2-0.5% by mass of sodium alginate.
(2) And adding an emulsifier into the water-phase mixed solution, then adding salad oil, vegetable oleic acid, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and silica sol, stirring for about 30min, and uniformly mixing to obtain the dust suppressant. Wherein, the mass percentage of the emulsifier is 3-16%, preferably 6-14%; the mass percentage of the salad oil is 1-5%, preferably 2-5%; the mass percentage content of the vegetable oil acid is 1-15%, preferably 5-10%; the mass percentage of the glycerol is 3-15%, preferably 5-10%; the mass percentage of the polyethylene glycol is 2-8%, preferably 2-6%; the mass percentage of the silica sol is 1-10%, preferably 2-8%; the emulsifier is one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate (Tween 85), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60), preferably Tween 85.
By the scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages:
1. hydrophilic substances, hydrophobic substances, emulsifiers, other surfactants and emulsified products in the hydrosol type dust suppressant have environmental protection characteristics, the theoretical basis of the hydrosol type dust suppressant is shown in figure 1 according to the formula characteristics, the hydrosol type dust suppressant has water solubility and degradability on the basis of dust suppression and water retention functions, realizes the use standards of green, non-toxic and environmental protection, can be directly used for surfaces of streets and roads and factory workshops and factory floors with extremely large dust amount such as cement, lime and the like, has no influence of residues on the surrounding environment due to water solubility and degradability, can be discharged along with washing or rainwater, and is finally decomposed and absorbed by microorganisms in the nature;
2. the hydrosol type dust suppressant adopts Tween 85 as an emulsifier of an oil phase and a water phase, the oil phase and the water phase are mutually emulsified, and the vegetable oleic acid promotes the dissolution between the salad oil and the Tween 85, so that the water retention property is increased;
3. in the water phase, sodium alginate and guar gum are both high molecular polysaccharides and are dissolved in the water phase to form a mutually staggered latticed structure, so that water molecules are locked in the latticed molecules on one hand, and the aim of locking water under the condition of gradual evaporation of water is fulfilled, on the other hand, the formed latticed structure can be firmly adsorbed on the surface of dust, a water-soluble colloid structure is formed on the surface of the dust, and a micro membrane is formed after water is evaporated to fix the dust on the ground;
4. the addition of the silica sol promotes the formation of a micro-film body to a certain extent, because the silica sol is an extremely fine colloidal aqueous solution of silica ultrafine particles, the particle size is 580nm (the common emulsion particle is 800-1000 nm), the fine particles have stronger permeability to the base layer and can permeate into the base layer through capillaries, when the water of the silica sol is evaporated, the colloidal particles are firmly attached to the surface of a dust object, and silica bonding is formed among the particles, so that the adhesive force is stronger, the dust is more firmly fixed on the ground, and the formation of the micro-film body is further promoted;
5. on the basis of film formation by sodium alginate, guar gum and silica sol, the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone ensures the stability and durability of the formed film and realizes the effect of film formation and dust solidification under the anhydrous condition, thereby ensuring the durability of dust inhibition;
6. the polyethylene glycol, the glycerol and the emulsified oil substance have water retention and moisture retention, slow down the evaporation speed of water and achieve the moisture retention under the condition of water, thereby achieving the moisture retention effect and further inhibiting dust;
7. the dust suppressant disclosed by the invention can suppress dust from three aspects of moisture retention and water retention under the condition of water, water locking under the condition of gradual evaporation of water and film forming and dust solidification under the condition of no water, so that a long-time effect is achieved; when the rainwater is sprinkled again, the effects of moisture preservation, water preservation and dust suppression can be achieved again, and when the rainwater is too large, the rainwater is dissolved in the water body and flows away, and is finally degraded by microorganisms in the environment;
8. the medicines and reagents used in the dust suppressant formula are nontoxic and environment-friendly medicines, so that the formula design of the dust suppressant disclosed by the invention is based on a molecular level, dust is fixed hierarchically, and the regulation and control of dust suppression from microcosmic scientific guidance to macroscopical guidance are realized.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the theoretical basis of the formulation characteristics of the hydrosol-type dust suppressant of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the dust suppressing effect of the dust suppressing agent prepared in example 1 of the present invention and water after spraying the soil surface.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1 soil surface spray experiment
Heating 0.76Kg of water to 60 ℃, and then dissolving 0.017Kg of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.002Kg of sodium alginate and 0.001Kg of guar gum in water in sequence to obtain a water-phase mixed solution; and then adding 0.06Kg of Tween 85 as an emulsifier into the water-phase mixed solution, finally adding 0.02Kg of salad oil, 0.05Kg of vegetable oleic acid, 0.05Kg of glycerol, 0.02Kg of polyethylene glycol and 0.02Kg of silica sol, stirring for 30min in a homogenizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the hydrosol type dust suppressant.
The dust suppressant prepared by the implementation is diluted by 300 times by water for spraying, and the sprayed soil area is 0.4m2The spraying amount is 0.25L/m2Under the same conditions, a control group of water sprayed on the soil surface is designed, a wind speed test is carried out after 36 hours, the dust suppression function is explained by the soil weight difference, and the experimental result shows that 99.2 percent of the total weight of the soil sprayed with the dust suppressant disclosed by the invention is intercepted and 0.8 percent of the total weight of the soil flies away under the wind speed of 4m/s as shown in an example 2; under the condition that the wind speed is 12m/s, 86 percent of the total weight of the soil is intercepted, and 14 percent of the total weight of the soil flies away, which shows that the dust suppression effect is good.
Example 2 asphalt pavement spray experiment
Heating 32.8Kg of water to 80 ℃, and then dissolving 4Kg of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.4Kg of sodium alginate and 0.4Kg of locust bean gum in water in sequence to obtain a water phase mixed solution; and then adding 11.2Kg of emulsifier Tween 85 into the water phase mixed solution, finally adding 4Kg of salad oil, 8Kg of vegetable oleic acid, 8Kg of glycerol, 4.8Kg of polyethylene glycol and 6.4Kg of silica sol, stirring for 30min in a homogenizing stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the hydrosol type dust suppressant.
The dust suppressant prepared in the implementation is diluted by 500 times with water and then sprayed on the asphalt pavement of a certain street in the south of the Ji, the temperature of an experimental place is 33 ℃, and experimental data are shown in the following table:
experimental data of water sol type dust suppressant sprayed asphalt pavement
Experimental data show that the hydrosol type dust suppressant has a good water retention effect.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A hydrosol type dust suppressant is characterized in that: consists of 1 to 5 percent of salad oil, 1 to 15 percent of vegetable oleic acid, 3 to 16 percent of emulsifier, 3 to 15 percent of glycerin, 2 to 8 percent of polyethylene glycol, 0.2 to 1 percent of polysaccharide macromolecule, 1 to 10 percent of silica sol, 1 to 6 percent of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 40 to 76 percent of water according to mass percentage;
the polysaccharide polymer is one or more of sodium alginate, guar gum, xanthan gum and locust bean gum.
2. A dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the emulsifier is one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate.
3. A process for the preparation of a dust suppressant according to any of claims 1-2, comprising the steps of:
(1) heating water to 55-85 ℃, and then dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone and polysaccharide macromolecules into the water in sequence to obtain a water phase mixed solution;
(2) and (2) adding an emulsifier into the water-phase mixed solution in the step (1), then adding salad oil, vegetable oleic acid, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and silica sol, and uniformly mixing to obtain the dust suppressant.
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| CN201710128723.3A CN106833532B (en) | 2017-03-06 | 2017-03-06 | Hydrosol type dust suppressant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107961597A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-27 | 武汉市九合生物技术有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for the mask chip that can protect PM2.5 and ozone |
| CN108929657A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-04 | 加翎加（天津）环境科技有限公司 | A kind of miberal powder dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
| RU2689469C1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-05-28 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Хакасский государственный университет им. Н.Ф. Катанова" (ФГБОУ ВО ХГУ им. Н.Ф. Катанова) | Wetting agent for coal dust suppression |
| CN109096996B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2021-06-04 | 北京首创大气环境科技股份有限公司 | Coal moisture-retention dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
| CN109944628B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-05-26 | 山东科技大学 | Mine high-molecular spray dust-settling agent, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110616063A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-27 | 攀枝花学院 | Dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1533966A (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-10-06 | 王家君 | Transportation and outdoor storage dust proof method of granular material |
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