CN106831300A - 一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置与方法 - Google Patents

一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置与方法 Download PDF

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CN106831300A
CN106831300A CN201710249200.4A CN201710249200A CN106831300A CN 106831300 A CN106831300 A CN 106831300A CN 201710249200 A CN201710249200 A CN 201710249200A CN 106831300 A CN106831300 A CN 106831300A
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ice chest
ethane
domethanizing column
natural gas
pipeline
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王科
龙海洋
韩淑怡
田静
蒲黎明
黄勇
李莹珂
陈运强
汤晓勇
刘家洪
郭成华
肖俊
高鑫
周璇
王刚
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China National Petroleum Corp
China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corp
China Petroleum Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置与方法,装置包括依次连接的液化冷箱、烃液分离器和脱甲烷塔;脱甲烷塔下部出口、脱甲烷塔再沸器、脱甲烷塔下部入口依次通过管道连接;脱甲烷塔底部出口与乙烷回收管道连接;脱甲烷塔顶部天然气出口、液化冷箱、第一节流阀和下一工序的液化天然气管道依次连接;所述液化冷箱、冷剂压缩机、冷剂冷却器依次通过管道连接,形成冷剂制冷循环系统。本发明的积极效果是:利用外部冷剂制冷循环进行乙烷回收并联产液化天然气,一方面实现了将乙烷及乙烷以上组分的回收,另一方面对乙烷回收后的富甲烷气制备液化天然气,可有效降低投资,具有较好的经济效益,且产品收率高。

Description

一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置与方法
技术领域
本发明涉及轻烃回收以及天然气液化技术领域,特别涉及一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的工艺装置及方法,具体是回收乙烷及液化气等轻烃组分的工艺,适用于天然气、煤层气、焦炉煤气等烃类混合物的一种或多种。
背景技术
轻烃回收是指从天然气中回收乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、戊烷等烃类复合物的过程,也称为天然气凝液回收。随着国内乙烯工业的发展,采用乙烷为原料生产乙烯比采用常规的石脑油生产乙烯更具有经济效益。国际上乙烷裂解制乙烯是一项成熟的技术,具有成本低、收率高、投资少、污染小等优点,因此采用乙烷生产乙烯在国内具有很大前景。
国内每年天然气产量巨大,2016年国内天然气产量达到1368.6亿立方米,天然气中含有大量的乙烷,将其回收后用于生产乙烯,具有良好经济效益。但是目前,国内油气田大部分轻烃回收装置以回收丙烷及丙烷以上组分为主要目的,生产液化石油气等产品,国内以回收乙烷及乙烷以上组分目的的轻烃回收工厂很少。
天然气液化中进行轻烃回收的目的主要是避免重组分在液化过程中冻堵设备和管道。在工程应用中一般将轻烃回收过程与天然气液化过程分开进行,先进行轻烃回收,再液化。
因此,将天然气液化中的冷剂制冷循环运用于乙烷回收工艺,用于既需要回收轻烃又要液化的原料,并且具有较大的经济效益。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点,本发明提供了一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置与方法,结合了传统的天然气轻烃回收工艺和天然气液化工艺的特点,采用冷剂制冷系统为乙烷回收和液化天然气过程提供冷量,具有降低投资和提高经济效益等特征,适用于天然气、煤层气、焦炉煤气等烃类混合物的一种或多种。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置,包括依次连接的液化冷箱、烃液分离器和脱甲烷塔;其中:
所述脱甲烷塔下部第一抽出口、第一增压泵、液化冷箱、脱甲烷塔下部第一返回口依次通过管道连接;脱甲烷塔下部第二抽出口、第二增压泵、液化冷箱、脱甲烷塔下部第二返回口依次通过管道连接;脱甲烷塔下部出口、脱甲烷塔再沸器、脱甲烷塔下部入口依次通过管道连接;脱甲烷塔底部出口与乙烷回收管道连接;
所述脱甲烷塔顶部天然气出口、液化冷箱、第一节流阀和下一工序的液化天然气管道依次连接;
所述液化冷箱、冷剂压缩机、冷剂冷却器依次通过管道连接,形成冷剂制冷循环系统。
本发明还提供了一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的方法,包括如下内容:
一、乙烷回收:
经脱硫、脱碳、脱水后的2200kPa.a~4200kPa.a天然气进入液化冷箱预冷至-75~-45℃后进入烃液分离器进行气液分离,分离后的2000kPa.a~4000kPa.a液相进入脱甲烷塔中部,分离后的气相分为两股,一股作为脱甲烷塔进料进入脱甲烷塔上部,另一股经液化冷箱冷凝至-95~-80℃后进入脱甲烷塔上部作为脱甲烷塔回流液;从脱甲烷塔下部抽出富乙烷液相进入液化冷箱复热后返回脱甲烷塔;从天然气中回收的乙烷及乙烷以上组分从脱甲烷塔底部出口进入下一工序进行乙烷分离;
二、天然气的液化:
从脱甲烷塔顶部出来的富含甲烷的天然气进入液化冷箱冷凝至-125~-95℃后分为两股,一股经脱甲烷塔回流泵增压至3000kPa.a~4500kPa.a后进入脱甲烷塔顶部作为回流,另一股在液化冷箱中冷却至-160~-145℃后,经第一节流阀节流,然后作为液化天然气产品进入下一工序储存;
三、冷剂制冷系统为乙烷回收和天然气液化过程提供冷量:
3000kPa.a~5000kPa.a的高压冷剂进入液化冷箱预冷至-95~-55℃后分为两股,一股出液化冷箱,然后经第二节流阀节流为200kPa.a~400kPa.a的低压冷剂后返回液化冷箱,另一股在液化冷箱中进一步冷凝后出液化冷箱,然后经第三节流阀节流为220kPa.a~450kPa.a的低压冷剂后返回液化冷箱;两股低压冷剂在液化冷箱中复热至20~40℃后出液化冷箱,经冷剂压缩机增压为高压冷剂,然后经冷剂冷却器冷却后进入液化冷箱循环。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果是:利用外部冷剂制冷循环进行乙烷回收并联产液化天然气,一方面实现了将乙烷及乙烷以上组分的回收,另一方面对乙烷回收后的富甲烷气制备液化天然气,可有效降低投资,具有较好的经济效益,且产品收率高。
附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明,其中:
图1是本装置的系统原理示意图。
图中:1、管道;2、液化冷箱;3、管道;4、烃液分离器;5、管道;6、管道;7、管道;8、脱甲烷塔;9、管道;10、管道;11、管道;12、脱甲烷塔回流泵;13、管道;14、管道;15、第一节流阀;16、管道;17、管道;18、第一增压泵;19、管道;20、管道;21、管道;22、管道;23、第二增压泵;24、管道;25、管道;26、管道;27、脱甲烷塔再沸器;28、管道;29、冷剂冷却器;30、管道;31、管道;32、第二节流阀;33、管道;34、管道;35、第三节流阀;36、管道;37、管道;38、冷剂压缩机;39、管道。
具体实施方式
一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置,如图1所示,包括液化冷箱2、烃液分离器4、脱甲烷塔8、脱甲烷塔回流泵12、第一节流阀15、第一增压泵18、第二增压泵23、脱甲烷塔再沸器27、冷剂冷却器29、第二节流阀32、第三节流阀35、冷剂压缩机38等;
所述液化冷箱2、烃液分离器4通过管道3连接;所述烃液分离器4的气相出口、液化冷箱2、脱甲烷塔8上部入口依次通过管道5、9连接;所述烃液分离器4的气相出口和液相出口分别通过管道6、7与脱甲烷塔8上部和中部入口连接;
脱甲烷塔8下部第一抽出口、第一增压泵18、液化冷箱2、脱甲烷塔8下部第一返回口依次通过管道17、19、20连接;脱甲烷塔8下部第二抽出口、第二增压泵23、液化冷箱2、脱甲烷塔8下部第二返回口依次通过管道22、24、25连接;脱甲烷塔8下部出口、脱甲烷塔再沸器27、脱甲烷塔8下部入口依次通过管道26、28连接;脱甲烷塔8底部出口与管道21连接。
所述脱甲烷塔8顶部出口、液化冷箱2、脱甲烷塔回流泵12、脱甲烷塔8顶部回流口依次通过管道10、11、13连接;所述液化冷箱2与第一节流阀15通过管道14连接,第一节流阀15与管道16连接。
所述液化冷箱2、冷剂压缩机38、冷剂冷却器29依次通过管道37、39、30连接;所述液化冷箱2与第二节流阀32分别通过管道31、33连接;所述液化冷箱2与第三节流阀35分别通过管道34、36连接。
所述脱甲烷塔为板式塔或填料塔。
所述冷剂压缩机采用的冷剂组成为氮气、甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、丙烯、丁烷、戊烷的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置与方法,包括如下内容:
一、乙烷回收:
将来自管道1经脱硫、脱碳、脱水后的天然气(2200kPa.a~4200kPa.a)进入液化冷箱2预冷至-75~-45℃,经管道3进入烃液分离器4进行气液分离;其中:分离后的液相经管道7进入脱甲烷塔8(2000kPa.a~4000kPa.a)中部,分离后的气相分为两股物流,一股(50%-90%)物流经管道6进入脱甲烷塔8上部作为脱甲烷塔进料,回收其中乙烷及乙烷以上组分,另一股(10%-50%)物流经管道5至液化冷箱2进一步冷凝至-95~-80℃后,经管道9进入脱甲烷塔8上部作为脱甲烷塔回流,以减少脱甲烷塔塔顶气中乙烷含量,提高乙烷回收率;为降低脱甲烷重沸器27负荷同时补充液化冷箱2中冷量,从脱甲烷塔8下部抽出两股物流进入液化冷箱2复热后返回脱甲烷塔8,其中第一股富乙烷液相从脱甲烷塔8下部第一抽出口经管道17进入第一增压泵18增压至2500kPa.a~4500kPa.a,经管道19进入液化冷箱2复热至-70~-55℃后,经管道20返回脱甲烷塔8下部第一返回口;第二股富乙烷液相从脱甲烷塔8下部第二抽出口经管道22进入第二增压泵23增压至2500kPa.a~4500kPa.a,经管道24进入液化冷箱2复热至-50~-25℃后经管道25返回脱甲烷塔8下部第二返回口;脱甲烷塔8下部液相经管道26进入脱甲烷塔再沸器27加热后经管道28返回脱甲烷塔8下部入口,根据下一工序对乙烷产品的要求对脱甲烷塔底液相中甲烷的含量进行控制(通常控制在0.1%-5%的摩尔含量);从天然气中回收的乙烷及乙烷以上组分从脱甲烷塔8底部出口经管道21至下一工序进行分离乙烷;
二、天然气的液化:
富含甲烷的天然气从脱甲烷塔8顶部出口经管道10进入液化冷箱2进一步冷凝至-125~-95℃后分为两股物流;其中:一股(5%-50%)物流经管道11进入脱甲烷塔回流泵12增压至3000kPa.a~4500kPa.a后经管道13至脱甲烷塔8顶部作为回流,降低脱甲烷塔塔顶气中乙烷组分含量,以提高乙烷回收率,另一股(50%-95%)在液化冷箱2中进一步冷却至-160~-145℃后依次经管道14、第一节流阀15节流作为液化天然气产品经管道16至下一工序储存;
三、冷剂制冷系统为乙烷回收和液化天然气过程提供冷量:
高压冷剂3000kPa.a~5000kPa.a经管道30进入液化冷箱2预冷至-95~-55℃后分为两股物流为液化冷箱2提供乙烷回收和天然气液化所需要的冷量,其中一股(5%-50%)高压冷剂物流依次经过管道31、第二节流阀32节流为低压冷剂(200kPa.a~400kPa.a)后,通过管道33返回液化冷箱2提供所需冷量,另一股(50%-95%)高压冷剂物流经液化冷箱2进一步冷凝至-160~-145℃后依次经管道34、第三节流阀35节流为低压冷剂(220kPa.a~450kPa.a),通过管道36进入液化冷箱2提供所需冷量;低压冷剂经液化冷箱2复热至20~40℃后通过管道37至冷剂压缩机38增压为高压冷剂,再经过管道39进入冷剂冷却器29冷却后通过管道30进入液化冷箱2预冷,形成冷剂制冷循环为液化冷箱提供所需冷量。

Claims (10)

1.一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置,其特征在于:包括依次连接的液化冷箱、烃液分离器和脱甲烷塔;其中:
所述脱甲烷塔下部第一抽出口、第一增压泵、液化冷箱、脱甲烷塔下部第一返回口依次通过管道连接;脱甲烷塔下部第二抽出口、第二增压泵、液化冷箱、脱甲烷塔下部第二返回口依次通过管道连接;脱甲烷塔下部出口、脱甲烷塔再沸器、脱甲烷塔下部入口依次通过管道连接;脱甲烷塔底部出口与乙烷回收管道连接;
所述脱甲烷塔顶部天然气出口、液化冷箱、第一节流阀和下一工序的液化天然气管道依次连接;
所述液化冷箱、冷剂压缩机、冷剂冷却器依次通过管道连接,形成冷剂制冷循环系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置,其特征在于:所述烃液分离器的气相出口、液化冷箱、脱甲烷塔上部入口依次通过管道连接;所述烃液分离器的气相出口和液相出口分别通过管道与脱甲烷塔上部和中部入口连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置,其特征在于:所述液化冷箱、脱甲烷塔回流泵和脱甲烷塔顶部入口依次连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置,其特征在于:所述液化冷箱中部出口、第二节流阀和液化冷箱中部进口依次连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置,其特征在于:所述液化冷箱底部出口、第三节流阀和液化冷箱底部进口依次连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的装置,其特征在于:所述脱甲烷塔为板式塔或填料塔。
7.一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的方法,其特征在于:包括如下内容:
一、乙烷回收:
经脱硫、脱碳、脱水后的2200kPa.a~4200kPa.a天然气进入液化冷箱预冷至-75~-45℃后进入烃液分离器进行气液分离,分离后的2000kPa.a~4000kPa.a液相进入脱甲烷塔中部,分离后的气相分为两股,一股作为脱甲烷塔进料进入脱甲烷塔上部,另一股经液化冷箱冷凝至-95~-80℃后进入脱甲烷塔上部作为脱甲烷塔回流液;从脱甲烷塔下部抽出富乙烷液相进入液化冷箱复热后返回脱甲烷塔;从天然气中回收的乙烷及乙烷以上组分从脱甲烷塔底部出口进入下一工序进行乙烷分离;
二、天然气的液化:
从脱甲烷塔顶部出来的富含甲烷的天然气进入液化冷箱冷凝至-125~-95℃后分为两股,一股经脱甲烷塔回流泵增压至3000kPa.a~4500kPa.a后进入脱甲烷塔顶部作为回流,另一股在液化冷箱中冷却至-160~-145℃后,经第一节流阀节流,然后作为液化天然气产品进入下一工序储存;
三、冷剂制冷系统为乙烷回收和天然气液化过程提供冷量:
3000kPa.a~5000kPa.a的高压冷剂进入液化冷箱预冷至-95~-55℃后分为两股,一股出液化冷箱,然后经第二节流阀节流为200kPa.a~400kPa.a的低压冷剂后返回液化冷箱,另一股在液化冷箱中进一步冷凝后出液化冷箱,然后经第三节流阀节流为220kPa.a~450kPa.a的低压冷剂后返回液化冷箱;两股低压冷剂在液化冷箱中复热至20~40℃后出液化冷箱,经冷剂压缩机增压为高压冷剂,然后经冷剂冷却器冷却后进入液化冷箱循环。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的方法,其特征在于:从脱甲烷塔下部抽出的富乙烷液相,一股经第一抽出口进入第一增压泵增压至2500kPa.a~4500kPa.a后进入液化冷箱复热至-70~-55℃,然后再从第一返回口返回脱甲烷塔下部;另一股经第二抽出口进入第二增压泵增压至2500kPa.a~4500kPa.a后进入液化冷箱复热至-50~-25℃,然后再从第二返回口返回脱甲烷塔下部。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的方法,其特征在于:脱甲烷塔下部液相进入脱甲烷塔再沸器加热后返回脱甲烷塔下部入口,对脱甲烷塔底液相中甲烷的含量进行控制。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种乙烷回收联产液化天然气的方法,其特征在于:所述冷剂压缩机采用的冷剂组成为氮气、甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、丙烯、丁烷、戊烷的一种或多种。
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